4 第四讲 状语从句
第四讲状语从句
语法填空
【典题试做】
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it is more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.
2．(全国卷Ⅲ)Over time, as/when the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.
语法填空对状语从句的考查集中在引导词的选择上。
短文改错
【典题试做】
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life. where→when
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. 去掉much
1．关系副词的错用；
2．常见固定搭配的错用。
时间状语从句
1．when, while和as引导的时间状语从句
when 从句谓语动词为延续性动词或非延续性动词。从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生
while从句的谓语动词为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生
as 从句谓语动词一般为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生或交替进行，可译为“一边……，一边……；随着……”
fear of failure.
当一些人被成功的渴望所驱动的时候，而另一些人却被失败的恐惧驱动着。
(天津卷)As the average age of the population increases，there are more and more old people to care for.随着人口平均年龄的增长，有越来越多的老年人需要照顾。
2．表示“一……就……”的连词引导的时间状语从句
(1)as soon as, the moment, the minute, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly。
(上海卷)The moment my aunt gained her diploma after four years of hard work, she was filled with joy.
我阿姨苦读四年之后获得了文凭，那一刻她欣喜万分。
(2)在hardly...when..., no sooner...than...结构中，主句用过去完成时，而when，than所在的从句用一般过去时。
(大纲全国卷Ⅱ)I had hardly got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once.
我刚到办公室，妻子就打电话让我回家。
3．before, since引导的时间状语从句
(1) before表示“在……之前；还未……就……；还没有来得及……就……”。常用句式：It will be/was＋一段时间＋before...过了……时间才……；It won’t be/wasn’t＋一段时间＋before...没过多久就……。
(天津卷)We need to get to the root of the problem before we can solve it.
在我们解决问题之前，我们需要找到问题的根源。
(重庆卷)If you miss this chance, it may be years before you get another one.如果你错过了这次机会，可能需要很多年你才能再获得一次。
(2)since意为“自从……以来”，常用句式：It is/has been＋一段时间＋since从句(常用过去时)。since从句的时态若是一般过去时，主句的时态常用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。
(四川卷)As is reported, it is 100 years since Qinghua University was founded.
正如所报道的，清华大学建校已有一百年了。
4．until/till引导的时间状语从句
until/till用于肯定句表示“直到……为止”，其主句谓语动词必须为延续性动词；not...until/till...表示“直到……才……”，not所在的主句的谓语动词必须为非延续性动词。until可用于句首，而till不能。
(2017·北京卷) If you don’t understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people until you figure it out.如果你遇到不懂的东西，可以搜索、研究以及和其他人交谈，直到你把它弄明白。
She didn’t start the lesson until the pupils settled down.
等学生们安静下来后，她才开始上课。
5．every time, each time, next time, the first time, by the time等引导的时间状语从句
(北京卷)By the time you have finished this book, your meal will get cold.等你看完这本书，你的饭就凉了。
让步状语从句
1．although, though, as和while引导的让步状语从句
(北京卷)Although these measures are not effective forever, they are vital for now.虽然这些措施并不能永远有效，但它们目前是至关重要的。
(陕西卷)Hot as the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.夜晚的空气虽然很热，但因为长途旅行之后很累，我们睡得很沉。
■名师点津
(1)though引导的从句可用倒装语序，也可不用倒装语序；although引导的从句不用倒装语序；as引导的从句必须用倒装语序“表语/状语/动词原形＋as/though＋主语＋其他”，若表语是可数名词单数，前置时要省略冠词。
(2)though可用作副词，意为“然而”，表转折，置于句末。
(3)while引导让步状语从句，只能置于句首。
2．even if与even though 引导的让步状语从句
even if/even though引导让步状语从句时，表示语气更强的让步，意为“即使，即便”。
(湖南卷)Tim is in good shape physically even though he doesn’t get much exercise.
蒂姆尽管不怎么锻炼，但体形很好。
3．“疑问词＋-ever”引导的让步状语从句
wherever(what/who/whom/when/which/how)＋-ever表示“无论……”引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter where (what/who/whom/when/which/how)。
(江苏卷)It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.
总的来说，孩子想要什么就给什么是不明智的。
(湖南卷)However hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.
不管你多么努力，如果不减少饭量，减肥很难。
■名师点津
whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever还可引导名词性从句。
4．whether...or...引导的让步状语从句
whether...or...意为“无论……还是……”，提供两种对比情况。
(重庆卷)All people, whether they are old or young, rich or poor, have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster.所有人，无论衰老还是年轻，富裕还是贫穷，都一直在尽他们所能帮助灾后需要帮助的人们。
其他状语从句
状语从句连词
if, unless(＝if...not), so/as long as(只要), on condition that, in 条件状语从句
case(万一), suppose/supposing, provided/providing 原因状语从句because, as, since, now that, considering that(考虑到，鉴于)
目的状语从句so that, in order that, in case(以防)
结果状语从句so that, so...that..., such...that...
地点状语从句where, wherever
方式状语从句as(正如，正像), as if/as though(好像)
比较状语从句than, as...as..., not as/so...as...
their support.
汤姆非常独立以至于他从来不征求他父母的意见，除非他想要他们的支持。
(2017·江苏卷)Located where the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.江苏位于“带”和“路”的交汇处，将会对“一带一路”的建设做出更大的贡献。
(浙江卷)Just as a single word can change the meaning of a sentence, a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph.正如单个单词可以改变一句话的意思那样，单个句子也能改变一段文字的意思。
(山东卷)He had his camera ready in case he saw something that would make a good picture.他准备好了照相机，以防看到一些他能够拍成好照片的东西。
析三大从句，辨七大易混点
易混点(一)定语从句和并列句
1．She has many novels, some of ____________ are interesting.
2．She has many novels, and some of ____________ are interesting.
[分析] 1.which which引导定语从句，修饰先行词novels, “some of which”在从句中作主语。
2．them此句为and引导的并列句。
[点拨]定语从句与并列句的主要区别：句中若有and, but, so等并列连词或分号则为并列句，此时不需要再填引导词。
易混点(二)定语从句和状语从句
1．(1)We young people should go to the place ____________ is in need of help.
(2)We young people should go ____________ we’re most needed.
[分析](1)which/that关系代词which/that引导定语从句，修饰先行词“the place”，且在从句中作主语。
(2)where where引导地点状语从句，修饰主句谓语动词go。
[点拨]定语从句与地点状语从句的主要区别：定语从句有表示地点的先行词，而地点状语从句则没有；定语从句修饰的是先行词，地点状语从句修饰的是谓语动词。
2．(1)I will always remember the days ____________ I lived with my grandparents in the countryside.
(2)I always remember the days in the countryside ____________ I see the photo of my grandparents.
[分析](1)when when引导定语从句，修饰先行词“the days”，且在从句中作状语。
(2)when when引导时间状语从句，修饰谓语动词remember。
[点拨]定语从句与时间状语从句的主要区别：定语从句有表示时间的先行词，而时间状语从句则没有；定语从句修饰的是先行词，时间状语从句修饰的是谓语动词。
3．(1)This is such an interesting work of art ____________ all of us like.
(2)This is such an interesting work of art ____________ all of us like it.
[分析](1)as such...as引导定语从句，as在定语从句中作like的宾语。
(2)that such...that引导结果状语从句。
[点拨]定语从句与结果状语从句的主要区别：the same...as与such...as引导定语从句，as在从句中充当一定的成分；such/so...that...引导结果状语从句，that在从句中不作成分。
易混点(三)定语从句和名词性从句
1．(1)____________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
(2)____________ is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.
(3)____________ is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.
[分析](1)As as引导非限制性定语从句，修饰后面这句话的内容。(2)It it作形式主
语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。(3)What what在此引导主语从句，在从句中充当主语，而后面that引导的从句则是表语从句。
2．(1)Anyone ____________has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
(2)____________ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
[分析](1)who who在此引导定语从句并在从句中作主语。
(2)Whoever whoever在此引导主语从句。
[点拨]定语从句与主语从句的区别：定语从句是形容词性从句，其作用相当于一个形容词，在整个句子中作定语，用来修饰前面的名词或代词；而主语从句的作用相当于一个名词，在整个句子中作主语。
3．(1)The mother made a promise ____________ pleased all her children.
(2)The mother made a promise ____________ she would buy new toys.
[分析](1)that/which that/which引导定语从句并在从句中作主语。(2)that that引导同位语从句。
[点拨]定语从句与同位语从句的区别：定语从句是形容词性从句，其作用相当于一个形容词，用来修饰前面的名词或代词；同位语从句是名词性从句，其作用相当于一个名词，对前面的名词做进一步解释，同位语从句一般都与抽象名词同位。定语从句的引导词that 在从句中充当一定的成分，可作主语、宾语、表语等，作宾语时可以省略；而同位语从句的引导词that在从句中只起连接作用，不作任何句子成分，且不能省略。
4．(1)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to the place ____________ is the center of the town.
(2)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to ____________ I live.
[分析](1)that/which that/which引导定语从句并在从句中作主语。(2)where where 引导宾语从句。
5．(1)Our teacher did all ____________ he could to help us.
(2)Our teacher did ____________ he could to help us.
[分析](1)that that引导定语从句并在从句中作宾语。(2)what what引导宾语从句。
6．(1)I will help those ____________ are in need of help.
(2)I will help ____________ is in need of help.
[分析](1)who who引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。(2)whoever whoever引导宾语从句。
[点拨]定语从句与宾语从句的区别：定语从句一般有先行词，从句是用来说明、描述
先行词的，先行词用关系代词代替，在从句中充当成分(注意是在从句中作成分，如作宾语、主语等)；而宾语从句则是整个从句在主句中作宾语，宾语从句就是主句的宾语，简单地说，动词、介词后面的从句基本上是宾语从句。
7．(1)She was not ____________ she used to be.
(2)She was not the woman ____________ she used to be.
[分析](1)what what引导表语从句。
(2)that that引导定语从句并在从句中作表语。
[点拨]定语从句与表语从句的区别：表语从句是系动词后的句子；而定语从句是跟在一个名词或句子后，对名词或句子起修饰或补充说明作用的句子。
易混点(四)定语从句和固定句型
1．It was the time ____________ chinese people had a hard life.
2．It is the first time____________ she has been in Shanghai.
[分析] 1.when when引导定语从句，并在从句中作状语。
2．that It is the first/second/third...time...是固定句型。
易混点(五)状语从句和并列句
1．____________ you take this medicine, you will be all right.
2．Take this medicine, ____________ you will be all right.
[分析] 1.If if引导条件状语从句。
2．and and连接两个并列句。
易混点(六)状语从句和名词性从句
1．I’ll try my best to help him, no matter ____________ turns to me for help.
2．I will try my best to help ____________ turns to me for help.
3．____________ turns to me for help is welcome.
[分析] 1.who no matter who引导让步状语从句。
2．whoever whoever引导宾语从句。
3．Whoever Whoever引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语。
易混点(七)状语从句和独立主格结构
1．____________ time permits, we’ll go camping.
2．Time____________ (permit), we’ll go camping.
[分析] 1.If if引导条件状语从句。
2．permitting本句使用的是独立主格结构，其结构为“名词＋分词”。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2020·保定摸底)Although/Though/While TCM has been widely accepted, it still faces challenges.
2．(2020·湖北五校期中)They had no sooner finished the survey by asking the parents the same questions three years later than they found that 18 percent of kids involved in the study were obese.
3．(2020·浙江高考模拟)As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom if they are performed on a routine basis.
4．(2020·江西红色七校联考)Yesterday was a crazy day.I felt very tired because I had tons of work stuff going on.
5．(2020·河北武邑中学期末)When we reached the mall, I gave him the money and the smile as requested and added a gentle pat on his back.
6．(2020·辽南协作体二模)Therefore, they are reduced to giving up before any realistic results are achieved.
7．(2020·哈尔滨六中模拟)I don’t listen to English music as frequently as I listen to Chinese music.
8．(2020·咸阳模拟)Whether you’re looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are important.
9．(2020·东北五校联合模拟)Despite this, some people became so absorbed in the activity that they completely forgot to look at the clock.
10．(2020·大庆质检)Though reading a lot, according to Sandra, she didn’t really start writing until she attended her first creative writing class in college.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2020·湖北五校期中)Nowadays, the word friendship has been used very often that it has lost its meaning. very→so
2．(2020·安徽皖南八校联考)If someone who gives me a hand when I am in need, I will remember him and if I have a chance, I will pay him back. 删除who
3．(2020·福建四校联考)She used to be easy to get angry, especially that she was with family members only.that→when
4．I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. 删除at
5．The noises from the street puzzled me too much that I would rather stay indoors. too→so 6．I’ll have my computer fixed immediately because of I need it badly for my work. 删除
of
7．In short, things have been improving until the school began to carry out exploring study. until→since
8．There’ll be more traffic jam and temperatures will continue to rise, so the problems in our environment will get even worse, if we do something now. if→unless
9．Half an hour later, Lucy still couldn’t get a taxi when the bus had dropped her. when→where
10．She had just finished her homework before her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.before→when
历年英语专业四级单项选择题真题整理及答案解析
历年英语专业四级单项选择题真题整理及答案解析 2006年 51. __dull he may be, he is certainly a very successful top executive. A Although B whatever C As D However 正确答案为D). however引导的让步状语从句,意思是无论(怎么样),从句需要倒装,即However+adj/adv+主+谓. However dull he may be=Dull as he may be. although和as引导让步状语从句,指”尽管”, whatever用来引导名词从句,意思是: 无论什么. 句意: 无论他多么地令人感到乏味.他还是一位非常成功的顶级行政人员. 52. If only I __play the guitar as well as you! A would B could C should D might 正确答案为B). could表示能够,是一种能力. If only引导的虚拟语气,表示”要是….该多好啊!”. 句意: 要是我能像你那样把吉他弹得那么好该多好啊! 53. The party, __I was the guest of honour, was extremely enjoyable. A by which B for which C to which D at which 正确答案为D). at which. 先行词the party作介词at的宾语. 即I was the guest of honor at the party. 关系代词指代the party. 54 It's high time we __ cutting down the rainforests. A stopped B had to stop C shall stop D stop 正确答案为A). stopped. It is (high) time的意思是到了做…的时候了. 从句中一般用过去时构成虚拟语气. 此句型为历年专四考试常考句型. 55 The student said there were a few points in the essay he __ impossible to comprehend. A has found B was finding C had found D would find 正确答案为C). had found. 考察定语从句的时态. 定语从句中的”找到问题”这一动作发生先于主句动词said,所以用had found构成过去完成时. 56 Loudspeakers were fixed in the hall so that everyone__ an opportunity to hear the speech. A ought to have B must have C may have D should have 正确答案为C). may. so that引导目的状语从句,表示为了让每个人都有机会听到讲座. 其他选项均不符合题意. ought to have done=should have done本应该做而实际未做. must have done 表示对过去的肯定猜测. 57 I am surprised__ this city is a dull place to live in. A that you should think B by what you are thinking C that you would think D with what you were thinking 正确答案为A). 本句中should表示惊讶语气, 故不能省略. 句意:你居然会认为在这个城市居住是很无聊的,这点让我很惊讶. 58 Susan is very hardworking, but her pay is not__ for her work.
完整版专四英语语法考点教学内容
完整版专四英语语法 考点
语法考点之一：虚拟语气 考点1. If从句中的虚拟语气 1、与过去事实相反：从句sb had done，主句sb would(should, could, might)+ have done； 2、省略if，从句的语序用到装，即将were, had或 should移至主语的前面，但否定词not不前移。 3、与将来事实相反：从句sb did (should+do或were+to do)，主句sb would (should, could, might)+do。 4、错综条件句：主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间段。 比如：从句对过去虚拟，而主句对现在虚拟，即从句sb had done，主句sb would(should, could, might)+do； 考点2：表示建议、要求、命令等动词如insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, ask, require, request, demand引导的从句及it引导的相应的分词、名词和形容词从句，谓语用（should)+动词原形。 考点3：It is +advisable, essential, important, imperative, incredible等从句，谓语用（should）+动词原形。 考点4：it is (high/about) time that的结构中，从句使用一般过去式。例如: 考点5：much as"尽管，虽然"引导让步状语从句，从句中用would have done表示假设。 考点6：if only, wish, as if/as though引导从句， 与过去事实相反：had + done； 与现在事实相反：动词过去式； 与将来事实相反：could/would + do 考点7：would rather/sooner从句中 使用一般过去式或过去完成式 分别表示对现在或过去的虚拟 考点8：lest / for fear that+(should ) +原形动词。 语法考点之二：情态动词 *情态动词: will（愿意）, shall（将）, must（必须）, can, may, would, should (应该), might, could, ought to, used to（过去常常）, need（需要）, dare（竟敢），have to（不得不） 考试中，情态动词部分重点测试以下内容： （1）情态动词+行为动词完成式（表示推测） （2）某些情态动词的特殊用法 考点1. 情态动词＋have＋过去分词结构表示推测 (1) must have done表示推测过去某事“一定”发生了。否定形式为：can’t / couldn’t have v-ed, 表示过去不可能发生某事。 (2) could have done表示推测过去某动作“很可能”发生了。 (3) may / might have done 表示推测过去某事“也许”发生了.
状语从句语法讲解
咼中英语状语从句 定义: 在句中作状语的从句是状语从句，修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等.状语从句由从属连词引导，从属连词在句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用，状语从句放在句首时，要用逗号，放在句 尾时不用. 分类 根据意义上的不同，状语从句可分为：①时间状语从句②地点状语从句③原因状语从句④ 目的状语从句⑤条件状语从句⑥结果状语从句⑦让步状语从句⑧方式状语从句⑨比较 状语从句三、时间状语从句主句是一般将来时，时间状语从句用一般现在时表将来；主句是—过去将来时，从句用一般过去时表示过去将来时；主句是一般过去时忆：“主将 ，从句用一般过去时.记从现” (一)引导时间状语从句的连词有：As，whe n (whe never)，before，after，as soo n as，un til (till)，since，every time，once. | （二）、具体应用1）“while ”主、从句动作或状态同时发生.用while引导的从句用延续性 动词，常表示较长的时间或一个过程.记忆：While 后用进行时.While we were having supper， all the lights went out. Please kee p quiet while others are study in g」 While I was writing letters last night，he was watching TV. 2 ）When 表示“就在”的时候"， while 意为反而，可是，表示转折.One evening Beethoven was walking in a street，when he sudde niy stopped outside a little house. 3）When ever无论什么时候，随时 1.When ever some one throws in some rubbish，the truck p roduees a pi eee of music. 每当有人扔进一些垃圾时，它（汽车）就放一段音乐 2.When ever we' re in trouble，they will help us. 3.I go to the theatre, whe never I am free. https://www.360docs.net/doc/e21339383.html,e and see me whe never you want to.你随时来看我 4) till和until(表示"直到” ”)句首多用until | 1在肯定句中表示“直到”为止”，主句谓语动词要用延续性动词 I was wait ing un til/till he arrived. 2、在否定句中表示“直到，，才”主句谓语动词常用终止性动词，这时until和till常被before 替换. I did n' t leave till/un til she came back. 5) si nee:主句用完成时，从句用一般过去时，si nee引导的从句间或可用现在完成时 It is two years since I have studied En glish. 1.We have known each other si nee we were childre n. 2.We have bee n friends （ever sin ce） since we met at school. 3.It is ”（一段时间）+since+—般过去时态句子 It is two years since my sister married. I
语法 状语从句讲解
语法状语从句 由从句担任的状语,在句子中可修饰谓语(或其它动词)、形容词、副词或就是整个句子,它可以用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。 第一讲时间, 地点状语从句 时间状语从句:when, while, as, before, after, since , whenever until, till, by the time(注意时态) as soon as, had hardly…when, had no sooner…than,(on doing sth…) the moment, every time/ each time, the first time, once e、g: When he came, I had cleaned the classroom、 He didn’t stop working until his mother came bake、 He worked until his mother came back、 As soon as he returned, he bought a new flat、 He had no sooner returned than he bought a new flat He came to scene the moment he heard the news、 I thought her nice and honest the first time I met him、 Once he makes up your mind, he won’t change his mind、 It was two years before I met him again、= Two years passed before I met him again、注意点1、when引导的从句动词可以就是延续性的或短暂性的,while引导的从句中动词必须就是延续性的; while有时并不表示时间,而表示对比,表示“而”、“却”。 When I got home I found the door locked、 While(或When)we were working in the fields, it suddenly began to rain、 His pencil is red, while mine is yellow、 2、till与until not…until/till 解释为直到…才…主句动词一般就是短暂性的 …till/until… 解释为直到…为止主句动词一般就是延续性的一般情况下可以互换,但until可以位于句首,till则不能。 He worked until it was dark、 He didn’t stop working until it was dark、 Until it stops raining,the children can’t go out、 ＝Not until the rain stops can the children go out、 地点状语从句 引导地点状语从句的连词就是where 与wherever等。 I ll go wherever the people want me to go、(wherever＝to any place where) He works where his grandfather fought、(where＝in the place where) You must stay where you are、= You must stay in the place where you are、 Wherever you go, I go too、 Where there is water, there is life、(那儿有… 那儿就有… Where there is a will, there is a way、) 圈出其中的从句并翻译: 1.Whenever it is his turn to speak, he gets nervous、 2.Every time he comes, he always tells us something interesting、 3.When I get the news, I will let you know as soon as possible、 4.Once he makes a promise, he will never break it、 5.I had no sooner run into the school gate than I heard the bell for class、 6.I found the lost watch under a desk after the children had left for home、 7.He had to be called two or three times before he came down to dinner、 8.We didn’t notice anything wrong with the washer until we started using it、 9.The hunter made mark on the tree where he stops、 10.Wherever he is, he will find time to do some reading、
最新英语专业四级真题单选详解
51 as much a … as …(不仅是…还是…) Adria is as much a cook as (he is) an artist. not so much … as …(与其说是…倒不如说是…) He is not so much a genius as a hard worker. 52．本句省略whether和might后主谓倒装的让步状语从句。be it是一种表示让步的虚拟倒装结构，由be 引起的倒装句表示让步，并带有虚拟语气的结构特点，即be 用原形。是一种较少用且略带文学意味的习惯用法，它既可位于句首，也可位于句末或穿插句中。如：Be it late, I must finish this work.不仅用it，也可用其他人称代词或名词。 Be it so humble, there is no place like home. 金窝银窝，不如自己的草窝。 56．虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。 Ⅰ用以表示虚拟条件的虚拟语气
⒈用if条件从句表示的虚拟条件，是虚拟条件最普通的方式。 ①虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式(be 一般用were)，主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形，例如：If I were in your position I would marry her. ②虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设，if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即had＋过去分词，主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词，例如：If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis. ③大多数的虚拟条件句属于上面三种情况的一种，但并不排除存在条件和后果中，一个和现在情况相反，另一个和过去情况相反，例如：If you had followed what the doctor said, you would not have been so painful now.这个句子在高中出现频率颇高。 ④但是，如果后果用了虚拟语气，而条件却用陈述语气，这种用法是错的。 ⒉除了表示虚假条件外，if从句还可以表示对将来的推测，由于是将来还没有发生的，所以谈不上是真实的还是虚假的，只能说这个事情发生的可能性有多大。一般情况下，可以用陈述语气的if从句来表示对一个未来事实的推测，这个事实是完全可能发生的。If从句的谓语形式用一般过去式或用were to / should +动词原形，主句用would / should /could/ might +动词原形，例如：Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she were to get a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.（1996年1月四级第44题） ⒊有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去，而将had , should, were 等词提到主语之前，即用倒装结构,这时候，如果出现not等否定词，否定词需放在主语后面。这种结构在口语中很少使用，但频频出现在各类考试中出现，例如：If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis.→Had it not rained so hard yesterday, we could have played tennis. ⒋大多数的虚拟条件通过上面所讲的两种方法表达，但在个别句子中也可以通过介词without和介词短语but for表达，副词otherwise等表达出来。例如：We didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.（1995年6月四级第46题）值得注意的是，包含but for的句子，谓语动词必定要用虚拟形式，但包含without等短语的句子，谓语动词未必一定要用虚拟语气。 ⒌有时虚拟条件不是明确地表达出来，而在蕴含在用but引导的从句里，于是便出现了有谓语动词是虚拟语气的主句加上谓语动词是陈述语气的but从句构 成的并列复合句，例如I would have hung you but the telephone was out of order.在这样的句子里，如果主句没有用虚拟语气，或者从句用了虚拟语气，都是错的。 Ⅱ用在宾语从句中的虚拟语气 ⒈在表示愿望的动词wish后的宾语从句中，需用虚拟语气。（wish后的that 常省略），根据主句时态，从句谓语时态相应退后一位，例如：How she wished his family could go with him. ⒉在具有愿望、请求、建议、命令等主观意愿的动词(desire, demand, advice, insist, require, suggest, propo se, order, recommend, decide …) 后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用(should) +动词原形。值得注意的是，如果宾语从
语法知识—状语从句的分类汇编含解析
一、选择题 1．Mr. White tells us the calls meeting will be cancelled if no agreement _________ tomorrow. A．is reached B．will be reached C．is going to be reached D．has been reached 2．I watched the World Cup in a bar last night and I home 1:00 in the morning. A．go; until B．went; until C．didn’t go; until D．won’t go; until 3．I still have difficulty ________the article________ there are few new words in it. A．to understand; because B．understand ; though C．understanding ; if D．understanding ; though 4．What does she want to do when she ________some money? A．is going to save B．saves C．will save 5．He offered________valuable suggestions ________ few people disagreed. A．such, that B．very, that C．so, that D．too, that 6．I don’t like nuts ________ they are too hard. A．if B．after C．when D．because 7．______ we have different opinions from time to time, we are still good friends. A．Until B．After C．Because D．Though 8．--- What was the party like? --- Wonderful. It’s years ____ I enjoyed myself so much. A．since B．after C．when D．before 9．— What shall we do now? —__________ it’s raining hard, let’s stay at home. A．So B．Since C．Though D．Otherwise 10．Chinese market is________a big one________you should all come and see what it has to offer. A．so, that B．such, that C．enough, that D．too, to 11．一Mom, I took my partner's math book home by mistake. What should I do? 一Well, you should call her you can say sorry to her. A．as if B．so that C．even though D．ever since 12．________ haburgers are junk food, many children still like them. A．If B．Unless C．Because D．Although 13．—Has Jim known the good news? —Not yet. I will tell him about it ________ he comes back. A．while B．until C．as soon as D．since 14．— What should I do if I ______ behind others in my study? — You are going to work really hard to catch up with them.
英语语法从句讲解
从句 从句按其在主句中的句法功能可分为三类: 即名词性从句、形容词性从句(即定语从句)和副词性从句(即状语从句)。 引导从句的词称作关联句. 一、名词性从句 引导这些名词性从句的关联词包括: 从属连词that, if, whether; 连接代词 who,whoever,whom,whomever,which,whichever,what,whatever,wh ose; 连接副词where, when, why, how。 其中, 从属连词只起连接作用, 在从句中不充当任何句法成分, 而连接代词和连接副词既起连接作用, 在从句中又充当一定的成分. That Owen should have married his cousin is not at all surprising. The fact is that he didn't go to the dinner party. I don't know if he will attend the meeting. Have you heard the news that Mary is going to marry Tom? 你听说玛丽要和汤姆结婚的消息了吗?(that引导同位语从句) [提示]
1. 在含有主语从句的复合句中, 为保持句子平衡, 常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语从句置于句末. It's well-known that water is indispensable to life.(形式主语) 2. 为保持句子平衡, that引导的宾语从句也常用it代替, 而将真正的宾语从句置于主句句末。这常常出现在主句有形容词或分词作宾语补足语的情况下。 He made it quite clear that he preferred to live here. 3. 从属连词whether和if都作“是否…”解, 但if不可引导主语从句和表语 从句。whether可与or(not)连用, 而if不可以。 I don't know whether (if) she is at home. Whether she comes or not makes no difference. 4. that和what引导名词性从句的区别: that在从句中不充当成分,而what在从句中充当一定的成分, 如主语、表语、宾语等。that可省略, what则不可省。 He always means what he says. She suggested (that) he do it at once. 5. 同位语从句大多由从属连词that引导, 常跟在下列名词后面, 如fact, idea, opinion, news, hope, belief等, that不可省。同位语从句一般用来解释说明这些名词的具体含义和内容。 We are familiar with the idea that all matter consists of atoms. The news that we are invited to the conference is very encouraging.
高中英语语法_状语从句练习30题及详解
1. Tim is in good shape physically he doesn't get much exercise. A. if B. even though C. unless D. as long as 2. The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, ______ accompanied by an adult. A. once B. when C. if D. unless 3. you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge. A. However a serious problem B. What a serious problem C. However serious a problem D. What serious a problem of the heavy traffic，it was already time for lunch break she got to her office． A．since B．that C．when D．until* m John thinks it won’t be long he is ready for his new job. A. when B. after C. before D. since 6. Today, we will begin ________we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out. A. when B. where C. how D. what 7. She had just finished her homework her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday. A. when B. while C. after D. since 8. My parents don’t mind what job I do I am happy. A. even though B. as soon as C. as long as D. as though 9. You can’t borrow books from the s chool library ______ you get your student card. A. before B. if C. while D. as 10. All the dishes in this menu, otherwise stated, will serve two to three people. A. as B. if C. though D. unless of the financial crisis, days are gone _ _ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for
最新初中英语语法知识—状语从句的分类汇编及解析(3)
一、选择题 1．Sam won’t make any progress ______ he studies harder than before. A．if B．when C．because D．unless 2．—the water was cold , Wei Qinggang jumped into it to save others. A．Although B．When C．If D．Because 3．You will never get anywhere you set a goal. So whatever we do, we should first have a goal. A．unless B．because C．though 4．— Can you tell me when you are going to arrive there? —I’m not sure. But I’ll ring you up as soon as I _____there tomorrow. A．arrive B．arrived C．will arrive D．am going to arrive 5．___________ many people may surf the Internet for the latest news, it is impossible that the newspaper will disappear. A．Beacause B．Though C．Since D．Unless 6．I couldn’t avoid making _______noise, _______I tried my best. A．so much; although B．so many; although C．so much; so that D．so many; so that 7．It’s________a difficult question that few of us can answer it. A．quite B．so C．such D．very 8．—I’m afraid I can’t finish the job in such a short time. —Don’t worry. Can you do it if you_______ two more hours.? A．give B．are given C．will give D．will be given 9．--- What was the party like? --- Wonderful. It’s years ____ I enjoyed myself so much. A．since B．after C．when D．before 10．一Mom, I took my partner's math book home by mistake. What should I do? 一Well, you should call her you can say sorry to her. A．as if B．so that C．even though D．ever since 11．I don’t like science _______it’s difficult. A．but B．so C．because 12．— Celia，join us in the Super Summer Camp if it this weekend. —.I'd love to. But nobody knows if it . A．is fine; rains B．is fine; will rain C．will be fine; will rain D．will be fine; rains 13．Now most families have only one child _____ our country’s one-child policy. A．so B．because C．because for D．because of 14．___my cousin was practicing the guitar, his elder sister came into the room. A．Since B．While C．Though D．Because
2012年英语专四真题及答案完整版
2012专四听写参考答案 Nowadays, many of us try to live in a way that will damage the environment as little as possible. We recycle our newspapers and bottles, we take public transport to get to work, we try to buy locally produced fruit and vegetables，and we want to take these attitudes on holiday with us. This is why alternative forms of tourism are becoming popular in the world. There are a lot of names for these new forms of tourism: responsible tourism, nature tourism, adventure tourism, educational tourism and more. Although everyone may have a different definition, most people agree that these new forms of tourism should do the following: first, they should conserve the wildlife and culture of the area; second, they should benefit the local people; third, they should make a profit without destroying natural resources; and finally they should provide an experience that tourists want to pay for. 2012专四听力参考答案
专四常考10道语法题
1. My uncle is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is no longer the man ___ he was fifteen years ago. (2011/51) A. Which B. whom C. who D. that 解析：本题考察定语从句的用法。关系代词在定语从句中做表语时，无论指认还是指物，都只能用that，不用which，且that也可以省略。故选D。再如： China is not the country (that) it was. 中国不是从前的那个国家。 Mary is no longer the girl (that) she used to be. 玛丽不是过去的那个女孩了。 2. It is not so much the language ___ the cultural background that makes the book difficult to understand. (2011/57) A. as B. nor C. but D. like 解析：本题答案是A。本题考察短语not so much A as B，它的意思是“与其说是A，倒不如说是B”，例如： He is not so much a writer as a reporter. 他与其说是个作家、不如说是个记者。 The boy is not so much slow as careless in learning． 与其说那男孩学东西迟钝，倒不如说他学习粗心。 The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it. 与其说海洋分开了世界，不如说海洋把世界联系在一起。
英语语法之时间状语从句
时间状语从句常由以下连接词引导：when（当……时），as（一边……一边；当…时），while（在……期间），after（在……之后），before（在……之前），as soon as（一……就），since（自从），till(until)（直到……，直到……才），whenever（任何时候），the moment（一……就），no sooner than（一……就），hardly…when… （一……就）等。由以上连接词（或词组）连接的主从复合句中，主句和从句的动作，有的是同时发生，有的是先后发生。因此，要特别注意根据连接词所代表的时间不同，主句和从句的谓语要使用相应的时态。这是掌握时间状语从句的关键。 1. when 和whenever 引导的从句：从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先于主句的动作发生。例如： When we reached home, it was already dark. 我们到家的时候天已经黑了。 When my cousin came yesterday, I was playing volleyball. 昨天我表哥来时，我正在打排球。 When it rains, I go to school by bus.下雨的时候，我坐车去学校。 I shall tell her the good news when she comes. 她来时，我将告诉她这个好消息。（主从句都表示将来发生的动作，但要注意从句中要用一般现在时，表示将来。） Come to see us whenever you can.你什么时候有空，就过来看看我们。 2. while 和as 引导的从句：while表示“当…过程中”，强调某一段时间主句和从句的动作在同时发生。as表示“当…时”或 “一边…一边”，主句和从句的动作同时发生。例如： Work while you work; play while you play. 该工作的时候就工作，该玩的时候就玩。 While he is reading, he always makes notes. 他经常一面看书，一面做笔记。 She sings as she goes along.她边走边唱。 You will grow wiser as you grow older. 随着年龄的增长，你会更加聪明起来。 3. before 和after 引导的从句：前者一般表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之前。后者表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之后。 例如： I didn’t know any English before I came here. 我来这儿之前，一点英语都不懂。 I had written my report before my mother came back.