高考名词性从句详细讲解及易错题汇总解析

高考名词性从句详细讲解及易错题汇总解析
高考名词性从句详细讲解及易错题汇总解析

高考英语名词性从句详细讲解及易错题汇总解析

一、名词性从句

定义:在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句,在整个句子中所起的作用,相当于一个名词。

引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:

连接词:that, whether, if (不充当从句的任何成分)

连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.

连接副词:when, where, how, why

1. 主语从句

作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,if 和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。that在句中无词义,只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分。What he wants to tell us is not clear.

It is known to us how he became a writer.

Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.

有时为避免句子头重脚轻,常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首,而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下:

(1)It + be + 名词+ that从句(2)It + be + 形容词+ that从句(3)It + be + 动词的过去分词+ that从句(4)It + 不及物动词+ that 从句注意:在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”,常用的句型有:

It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that …

It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that…

It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that…

2. 宾语从句

名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样,在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句

由连接词that引导宾语从句时,that在句中不担任任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去,但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如:He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.

We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.

注意:在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, demand, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后,宾语从句常用“(should)+ 动词原形”。例如:

I insist that she (should) do her work alone.

The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once.

2.用who,whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句,应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。

I want to know what he has told you.

She always thinks of how she can work well.

She will give whoever needs help a warm support.

3. 用whether或if引导的宾语从句,其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒,仍保持陈述句语序。此外,whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether,不用if:

a. 引导主语从句并在句首时;

b. 引导表语从句时;c . 引导从句作介词宾语时;

d. 从句后有“or not”时;

e. 后接动词不定式时。

Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.

Everything depends on whether we have enough money.

4. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应,当主句动词是现在时,从句根据自身的句子情况,而使用不同时态。

he studies English every day. (从句用一般现在时)

he studied English last term. (从句用一般过去时)

I know (that) he will study English next year. (从句用一般将来时)

he has studied English since 1998. (从句用现在完成时)

当主句动词是过去时态(could, would除外),从句则要用相应的过去时态,如一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时等;当从句表示的是客观真理,科学原理,自然现象,则从句仍用现在时态。

The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America.

5. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中,要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。

We don’t think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。

I don’t believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。

3. 表语从句

在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样,表语从句位于连系动词后,有时用as if引导。其基本结构为:主语+ 系动词+ that从句。

The fact is that we have lost the game.

That is why he didn’t come to the meeting.

It looks as if it is going to rain.

当主语是reason时,表语从句要用that引导而不是because。

The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning 4. 同位语从句

同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导,可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如:

The news that we won the game is exciting.

I have no idea when he will come back home.

The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.

同位语从句和定语从句的区别:

that作为关系代词,可以引导定语从句,充当句子成分,在从句中作宾语时可以省略;that引导同位语从句时,起连词的作用,没有实际意义,不充当句子成分,一般不能省略。

试比较下面两个例句:

I had no idea that you were here.(that引导同位语从句,不能省略)

Have you got the idea(that)this book gives you of life in ancient Greece?(that引导定语从句,作宾语,可以省略)

名词性从句易错题、陷阱题汇总及解析

[考题1]The photographs will show you______.

解题思路:根据引导词在从句中作介词like的宾语,所以不能用副词how,排除C、D,而A项用了疑问句的语序,故选B项。

答案:B

易错警示:在陈述句中,简单疑问句作宾语从句时,用陈述语序。

[考题2]He asked______ for a violin.

A. did I pay how much

B. I paid how much

C. how much did I pay

D. how much I paid

答案:D

(二)用it代替主语从句或宾语从句

为了使句子保持平衡,常用先行词it来代替主语从句或宾语从句,而把主语从句或宾语从句放在后面,尤其是连词that引导的主语从句常用于此种句式中,但what, whatever, whoever, whichever引导的主语从句一般不后置。

[考题3]I hate______ when people talk with their mouths full.

A. it

B. that

C. these

D. them

解题思路:此题考查了it作先行词代替宾语从句,而把宾语从句放在句末,其他人称代词或指示代词都不能代替从句。

答案:A

易错警示:考生如果不仔细,很容易错选B。

(三)关联词的区分

名词性从句中关联词的选择是非常重要的,所以在高考中更多的是考查关联词的选择问题,而在关联词的选择中,主要侧重以下几个方面的检测。

1. whether和if的区别以及whether, if和that的区别。

Whether和if在引导宾语从句时一般可以通用,但在引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、介词后面的宾语从句时只能用whether, 不能用if; whether, if引导的名词转化而来的,含有疑问意义,而that引导的从句是由陈述句转化而来的,不含有疑问意义。

[考题4]What the doctors really doubt is______ my mother will recover from the serous disease soon.

A. when

B. how

C. whether

D. why

解题思路:这是一个表语从句。根据doubt一词可知,所怀疑的应是是否能治好病,所以要填whether. 这句话的意思是“医生真的怀疑我妈妈是是否能很快从重病中恢复过来”。

答案:C

易错警示:易错选B,注意文中表达的是“是否”之意,而非“怎样”。

2. that从句与wh-从句的区别:

That 连词在从句中不作成分,不含有疑问意义,而wh-连词在从句中作成分,且含有疑问意义。

[考题5]______ we can’t get seems better than_____ we have.

A. What; what

B. What; that

C. That; that

D. That; what

解题思路:此题考查了两个名词性从句,因为从句中都缺宾语,所以都应选what 不选,that, that在引导名词性从句时不作成分。

答案:A

易错警示:这里把what和that的区别显示得很清楚,考生应牢记。

[考题6]--Do you remember______ he came?

--Yes, I do. He came by car.

A. how

B. when

C. that

D. if

解题思路:根据答语He came by car. 可知,问句应是提问方式,所以选择A项how.

答案:A

易错警示:当问及方式、方法、怎样的,应用how.

3. what, which, who, when, where, how等引导的名词性从句与whatever, whichever, whoever, whenever, wherever, however等引导的名词性从句的区别:后者引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义,相当于名词后加一个定语从句而前者引导的名词性从句都含有疑问意义。Who/ whom, whoever/ whomever 的选择,要看关联词在从句中是作主语还是作宾语而定,如果在从句中作主语只能选用who/ whoever, 作宾语时用whom/ whomever.

[考题7]It is generally considered unwise to give a child______ he or she wants.

A. however

B. whatever

C. whichever

D. whenever

解题思路:根据句意可以看出后面的从句应是一个宾语从句,而从句中wants 缺少宾语,排除A和D,whichever表示“无论哪一个,无论哪些”,应表示一定范围内的人或物,此处没有涉及事物的范围,所以应选B项whatever,表示“无论什么”。

答案:B

易错警示:however无论如何。

[考题8]_____ leaves the room lat ought to turn off the lights.

A. Anyone B The person C. Whoever D Who

解题思路:此题不含有疑问意义,所以用whoever引导主语从句,强调“无论谁”。Whoever在从句中作主语。

答案:C

易错警示:如选B,则应将leaves改为leaving.

4. who, what, which, how, when, where 之间的词义区别以及whoever, whatever, whichever, however, whenever, wherever等之间的词义区别。

这主要从两个方面来区分:一是分析句子结构,看其在从句中作什么成分;二是理清其在句中的含义。

[考题9]A computer can only do_______ your have instructed it to do.

A. how

B. after

C. what

D. when

解题思路:根据语境,此处应选一个宾语从句作do的宾语,因为宾语从句中to do 后面缺少宾语,所以应选C项what. 这句话的意思是“计算机只能做你指示它做的事情”。

答案:C

易错警示:只有what和whatever才有这样的双重身份,能作引导词同时也作宾

语从句中的宾语部分。

[考题10]I read about it in some book or other, does it matter______ it was?

A. where

B. what

C. how

D. which

解题思路:这是一个主语从句。主语从句中缺少表语。从上句的意思分析,应是哪本书以要填which, 这句话的意思是“我在某书中读到过有关这方面的内容,是哪一本书重要吗?”

答案:D

易错警示:易错选B. matter 是不及物动词,不能直接接what.

[考题11]--I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.

--Is that______ you had a few days off?

A. why

B. when

C. what

D. where

解题思路:根据上句提供的语,下句应该问“那就是你为什么离开几天的原因吗?”所以选A. why引导的表语从句。

答案:A

易错警示:have a day off请一天假。

[考题12]I still remember______ this used to be a quiet place.

A. when

B. how

C. where

D. what

解题思路:本题考查宾语从句。根据从句中缺少的句子成分是状语,排除D项what, 而B、C句意不通,所以应选A项when.本句的意思是“我仍然记得这里在什么时候是个宁静的地方”。

答案:A

易错警示:used to be过去常常是。

[考题13]Go and get your coat. It’s______ you left it.

A. where

B. there

C. there where

D. where there

解题思路:本题考查了where引导表语从句的用法。

答案:A

易错警示:考生容易误选C,把where看成关系副词引导定语从句。但是there 是副词,不能有定语从句修饰。

5. whatever, whichever, whoever, whenever, wherever, however等与no matter what, no matter which, no matter who, no matter when, no matter where, no how的区别。

前者既可以引导名词性从句,也可以引导让步状语从句,而no matter加疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。

[考题14]Sarah hopes to become a friend of______ shares her interests.

A. anyone

B. whomever

C. whoever

D. no matter who

解题思路:no matter 加疑问词只能引导状语从句,不能引导词性从句,排除D, 而此处关联词在引导的从句中作主语,所以不选B,应该选C项whoever.

答案:C

易错警示:whomever只能在人句中作宾语。

[考题15]_____ much advice I gave him, he did exactly what he wanted to do.

A. How

B. Whatever

C. However

D. No matter

解题思路:这是一个让步状语从句。这句话的意思是:“无论我给他多少劝告,他却完全按他所想的去做”。不能填how,因为how只能引导名词性从句,不能引导让步状语从句,此处however相当于no matter how引导让步状语从句。

新初中英语语法知识—定语从句的易错题汇编含答案解析(2)

一、选择题 1.I still remember the college and the teachers ________ I visited in London years ago. A.what B.who C.that D.which 2.Stephen Curry is a great basketball player ____is popular in the United States and even in China. A.which B.who C.what 3.Lily doesn’t know ________ she and her friends can do to help the little boy ________ parents have left their hometown for making money. A.what; whose B.how; who C.how; whose 4.-Have you found the information about the famous people ______ you can use for the report? -Not yet. I’ll search some on the Internet. A.who B.what C.whom D.which 5.―Do you know everybody came to the party? ―I'm afraid not. I don't know the one you had a long talk with. A.which; that B./;whom C.that; which D.who;/ 6.A detective is someone ____________looks for clues to something important. A.whom B.who C.what D.which 7.Liu Xiang is the first player in Asia _________ won the gold prize in the 110-hurdle race in the 28th Olympic Games. A.which B.who C.whom D.that 8.—Have you heard of Junko Tabei? —Yes, she was the first woman ________ succeeded in reaching the top of Qomolangma. A.who B.whom C.which D.that 9.Paul likes musicians _________ play different kinds of music. A.who B.whose C.why D.where 10.—Do you know the boy ________ is holding a ball over there? —Yes. He’s my classmate. A.which B.whose C.what D.who 11.Mice, dogs and monkeys were the animals _________first went into space. A.that B.whom C.whose D.what 12.Mr. White went to his hometown and visited the old house _______ he was born in. A.what B.who C.which D.it 13.Friends are those__________always help you out and encourage you to succeed. A.whom B.which C.who 14.That ________ does not kill us makes us stronger. A.that B.what C.who D.which 15.—What kind of music do you like? —I love all the music ______I can sing along with.()

必备英语 宾语从句易错题含答案解析

必备英语宾语从句易错题含答案解析 一、初中英语宾语从句 1. --Is Tom still in New York or already back at home? --I’m not sure ________. I’ll call to make sure. A.how he will be back B.that he has come back C.why he has come back D.if he has been back 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析:句意:—汤姆仍在纽约呢还是已经回到家了?—我不知道他是否已经回来。我打个电话核实一下。A. how he will be back 他如何回来;B. that he has come back他已经回来了;C. why he has come back 他为什么已经回来了; D. if he has been back他是否已经回来。根据语境及选项意思,故选D。 考点:考查宾语从句。 2.—Can you tell me _____________? —Of course. Japan. A.what’s his job B.where does he come from C.where he is from D.what language he speaks 【答案】C 【解析】 这题考查疑问句做宾语从句的用法,宾语从句要变成陈述句语序,在根据答语:Japan,说明是问从哪里来的。选C。 3.—I'd like to know ________ for the party. —I have no idea. A.why did she buy so little food B.what she has prepared C.whether will she dance D.when is she leaving 【答案】B 【解析】 句意:--我想知道她为晚会做了什么。—我不知道。答案A,C,D的语序是疑问语序,不正确。宾语从句的语序应该是陈述语序。故选B。 4.—I'm going to give a talk on the Dragon Boat Festival to the exchange students. —Great! But don't forget to tell them __________. A.what should they eat at the festival B.what kind of race is often held C.why people enjoy the full moon

定语从句易错题

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