任务型阅读综合练习题

一、高中英语任务型阅读

1．Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

Screen Time: How Much Is Too Much?

Many children spend a lot of time watching or playing with electronic media—from televisions to video games, computers and other devices. ________ Perhaps parents now should ease up on their concerns about screen time, at least for older boys and girls.

Until last year, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) suggested that children and teenagers have no more than two hours of screen time a day. It also suggests that parents balance a child's screen time with other activities.

________ Christopher Ferguson, who teaches psychology at Stetson University in Florida, notes a lack of evidence supporting reports that too many hours spent playing video games or watching TV is truly harmful.

Ferguson seems interested in one idea: the link between video games and violent or risky behavior. When he saw results from a recent British survey on screen time, he wanted to know more. The British study found a small negative effect—about a one percent increase—in aggression and depression among children who had six or more hours of screen time a day. ________ So, Ferguson and his team examined answers from a survey on risky behaviors. The study involved about 6,000 boys and girls in Florida, whose average age was 16.

Data from this survey found that American children are also fairly resistant to the negative effects of electronic media. Among those who used screens up to six hours a day, the survey found: a 0.5 percent increase in criminal behavior; a 1.7 percent increase in signs of depression; and a 1.2 percent negative effect on school grades. ________ To further argue his point that screen time is not harmful, Ferguson adds that children should become familiar with screen technology. Electronic devices, he says, are a part of our everyday lives.

A. Some negative experiences on social media can and do affect some children.

B. However, some experts question claims that too much screen time is harmful.

C. He wanted to see if there was a similar effect among young people in the United States.

D. So, it is natural that parents should wonder about all the time children spend looking at a screen.

E. The researchers found no increase in risky sex or driving behaviors, use of illegal substances or eating disorders.

F. The researchers suggested that for those children, technology use might get in the way of taking part in other important activities.

【答案】 D；B；C；E

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，许多孩子花很多时间看或玩电子媒体——从电视到电子游戏、电脑和其他设备。美国儿科学会建议儿童和青少年每天看屏幕的时间不超过两个小时。一些专家质疑过多的屏幕时间是有害的，Stetson 大学心理学教授Christopher Ferguson指出，没有证据支持长时间玩电子游戏或看电视确实有害的说法。

（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“Many children spend a lot of time

watching or playing with electronic media—from televisions to video games, computers and other devices.”可知许多孩子花很多时间看或玩电子媒体——从电视到电子游戏、电脑和其他设备。再根据空后“parents now should ease up on their concerns about screen time, at least for older boys and girls.”提到了父母对孩子长时间看电子产品的看法，可知本空是提出父母对孩子花在看屏幕上的时间感到好奇是很自然的。故选D。

（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“Christopher Ferguson, who teaches psychology at Stetson University in Florida, notes a lack of evidence supporting reports that too m any hours spent playing video games or watching TV is truly harmful.”Stetson 大学心理学教授Christopher Ferguson指出，没有证据支持长时间玩电子游戏或看电视确实有害的说法。因此可推测上文是提出"一些专家质疑过多的屏幕时间是有害的"，故选B。

（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“The British study found a small negative effect—about a one percent increase—in aggression and depression among children who had six or more hours of screen time a day.”提到一项英国研究发现，在每天看电视时间超过6小时的儿童中，攻击性和抑郁会有一个小的负面影响——大约增加1%。因此他想看看在美国的年轻人中是否也有类似的影响。故选C。

（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“Among those who used screens up to six hours a day, the survey found: a 0.5 percent increase in criminal behavior; a 1.7 percent increase in signs of depression; and a 1.2 percent negative effect on school grades. ”调查发现，在每天使用屏幕长达6小时的人群中，犯罪行为增加了0.5%；抑郁症的症状增加了1.7%;以及1.2%对学习成绩的负面影响。即下文继续列举长时间看屏幕对其他犯罪行为的影响，故E选项：研究人员发现，危险的性行为、驾驶行为、使用非法药物或饮食失调的情况没有增加。符合题意，故选E。

【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

2．阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。

At the age of forty-five, my usually well-ordered life became full of changes. After twenty-two years of working in a bank, a plan to use less staff led to the unemployment of over one hundred people. Unluckily, I was one of them.

My once secure future became uncertain. However, I was not a single parent, so the family did not depend only on my income and my husband can support the family. My motto has always been, "Change is good; change is progress", but when it affected my livelihood, I had to change it. "Accept change and make the most of it." From the beginning, I chose to look at this matter not as bad luck, but as a welcome chance. I refused to become sorry; instead, I actively planned to do something new and different.

Having a positive attitude made all the difference in the way I pursued the future. First, I decided to return to college and graduate many years later than I should have. Doing this at my age took more than a little courage. Not being a graduate had never held me back in my career in the bank, but now it's a personal goal I longed to achieve. With a lot of determination, I went to evening classes and became an adult student. In the class, I became more and more confident. During this time, I realized that no matter what life throws in our way, nothing can hinder our

personal growth.

The second thing I did to improve my inner self was to reevaluate my past life. It used to be filled with endless, and sometimes meaningless events. But now, my heart and life are completely around people I care for.

The loss of my job led to some positive changes in my life. Revisiting the past made room for the future. I realize that I have accepted the change, and am making the most of it.

（1）What made the author lose her job? (no more than 10 words)

（2）What did the author do after the unemployment? (no more than 15 words)

（3）How do you understand the underlined word in Paragraph 3? (no more than 3 words) （4）How would you describe the author in terms of personalities? (no more than 5 words) （5）What's your attitude towards the "changes" in your life? Please explain. (no more than 20 words)

【答案】（1）The bank's plan to use less staff. Or: Less staff in the bank.

（2）Return to college and reevaluate her past life.Or: Return to college and devote more time to her beloved people.

（3）stop/ prevent; prohibit /forbid

（4）She is optimistic and determined. Or: She is active and adaptable.

（5）I will accept the changes and try my best to live a positive life. Or: I will make use of every chance to be successful in my life.

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，生活中充满了变数,作者用自己的经历告诉我们要接受并善于利用这些改变。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"a plan to use less staff led to the unemployment of over one hundred people. Unluckily, was one of them."可知,银行的裁员计划让作者失业了,故填The bank's plan to use less staff. /Less staff in the bank.

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"First, I decided to return to college"及第四段中的"The second thing I did to improve my inner self was to reevaluate my past life."可知,失业后,作者回到大学并重新评估自己过去的生活,故填Return to college and reevaluate her past life。/Return to college and devote more time to her beloved people.

（3）考查句义猜测。根据画线词后的"our personal growth"可知,无论生活给我们带来了什么（变化）,没有什么能阻碍我们的个人成长,由此可知画线词词义为"阻碍",故填stop/ prevent; prohibit /forbid。

（4）考查概括归纳。根据第二段中的"I chose to look at this matter not as bad luck, but as a welcome chance. I refused to become sorry; instead, I actively planned to do something new and different."可知,作者把失业看作一个好机会而不是坏运气,拒绝难过,积极地去做一些新的、不同的事情,下文又说作者回到大学并重新评估过去的生活,由此可见,作者积极、乐观、有决心并且适应能力强,故填She is optimistic and determined./She is active and adaptable.

（5）考查观点态度。根据最后一段中的"The loss of my job led to some positive changes in my life."及"I have accepted the change, and am making the most of it."可知,我会接受生活中的变化并积极地生活,故填I will accept the changes and try my best to live a positive life./I will make use of every chance to be successful in my life.

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，句义猜测，概括归纳和观点态度四个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而做出正确答案。

3．阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。

Why not carry on her good work？

I enjoyed English, biology, and chemistry at school, but which one should I choose to study at university？I did not know the answer until one evening when I sat down at the computer to do some research on great women of China.

By chance I came across an article about a doctor called Lin Qiaozhi, a specialist in women's diseases. She lived from 1901 to 1983. It seemed that she had been very busy in her chosen career, traveling abroad to study as well as writing books and articles. One of them caught my eye. It was a small book explaining how to cut the death rate from having and caring for babies. She gave some simple rules to follow for keeping babies clean, healthy and free from sicknees. Why did she write that？Who were the women that Lin Qiaozhi thought needed this advice？I looked carefully at the text and realized that it was intended for women in the countryside. Perhaps if they had an emergency they could not reach a doctor.

Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time. That was a generation when girls' education was always placed second to boys. Was she so much cleverer than anyone else? Further reading made me realize that it was hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature that got her into medical school. What made her succeed later on was the kindness and consideration she showed to all her patients. There was story after story of how Lin Qiaozhi, tired after a day's work, went late at night to deliver a baby for a poor family who could not pay her.

By now I could not wait to find out more about her. I discovered that Lin Qiaozhi had devoted her whole life to her patients and had chosen not to have a family of her own. Instead she made sure that about 50,000 babies were safely delivered. By this time I was very excited. Why not study at a medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and carry on her good work？It was still not too late for me to improve my studies, prepa re for the university entrance examinations, and ……

（1）When and where did the author read the article about Lin Qiaozhi？（no more than 5 words）

（2）For what purpose did Lin Qiao zhi write a little book about how to look after babies？（no more than 20 words）

（3）What does the underlined sentence in the third paragraph mean？（no more than 10 words）

（4）What does the author think are the most important qualities that a successful doctor should have？（no more than 5 words）

（5）Do you think the author will study at a medical college？Why or why not？（no more than 20 words）

【答案】（1）On the Internet/computer one evening.

（2）To help the women in the countryside who could not reach a doctor if they had an emergency.

（3）Girls' education wasn't attached importance to compared with boys'.

OR: Boys always receive better education than girls.

（4）Kindness and consideration.

（5）Open.

【解析】【分析】短文大意：文章主要讲了正在作者不知道如何选择大学专业时，偶然读到了一篇关于林巧稚的文章。作者深受感动和影响，决定继续林巧稚医生伟大的事业。（1）细节理解题。根据第一段I did not know the answer until one evening when I sat down at the computer to do some research on great women of China. （直到一天晚上，我坐在电脑前研究中国伟大的女性时，我才知道答案。）由此可知一天晚上，在电脑上，作者读到了一篇关于林巧稚的文章，所以填On the Internet/computer one evening。

（2）细节理解题。根据第二段I looked carefully at the text and realized that it was intended for women in the countryside. Perhaps if they had an emergency they could not reach a doctor. （我仔细看了这篇文章，意识到这是写给农村妇女的。可能如果她们遇到紧急情况，却找不到医生。）由此可知林巧稚写《怎样照顾婴儿》一书的目的是帮助有紧急情况不能去看医生的农村妇女，所以填To help the women in the countryside who could not reach a doctor if they had an emergency。

（3）推理判断题。根据第三段Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time. 意思是突然，我意识到当时一个女人接受医学培训是多么困难。由此推断出That was a generation when girls' education was always placed second to boys. 的意思是在那个年代，女孩的教育总是排在男孩之后，所以填Girls' education wasn't attached importance to compared with boys'. OR: Boys always receive better education than girls。

（4）细节理解题。根据第三段What made her succeed later on was the kindness and consideration she showed to all her patients. 可知作者认为一位成功医生应该具有的最重要的品质是善良和关心，所以填Kindness and consideration。

（5）题干询问你认为作者会在医学院学习吗?为什么或为什么不呢?该空答案开放，同学们可以按照自己的观点回答。

【点评】考查阅读理解。涉及细节理解题和推理判断题，细节理解题要注意从文中寻找答案；推理判断题要注意联系上下文推断出所需信息。本题没有选项，须由考生自己组织语言作答，考生要注意根据题目要求组织语言，既要言之有理，又要准确精炼。

4．根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

The Silk Road was a historical network of trade routes that connected China and the Mediterranean Sea, allowing cultural and economic interaction between the East and the West. Begun in the 2nd Century B C, the Silk Road carried goods, ideas, and even illness for thousands of miles between great civilizations for more than a thousand years. ________ It was the creation

of Germany's Ferdinand von Richthofen, who traveled to China several times in the second half of the 19th Century.

China's powerful Han Dynasty began expanding its trade routes towards the West in the years around 100 B.C. ________ Some shipments made it through to Europe and to northern and eastern Africa, through the port of Alexandria.

As its name suggests, the Silk Road was home to large amount of silk, which made its way from China to the Mediterranean and, to Rome. It wasn't only silk, however, that was carried along the Silk Road ________ Chinese traders brought delicate porcelain plates and thin but durable paper money. Romans brought delicately carved pottery (陶器）and jewelry to China.

________ Merchants carried shipments from major center, and then others carried the foods farther on the route. Many merchants traveled in groups, called carvans (商队). Many carvans and individual merchants traveled with bodyguards because theft along the routes was not uncommon.

Several cities along the Silk Road became major trading centers. Some of the more famous of these were Alexandria, Karakorum, Antioch, Constantinople, and Persepolis. Local taxes placed on goods traveling along the route were quite common. ________

A. The name, however, is a modem idea.

B. Diseases also spread along the Silk Road.

C. It sent silk and other goods to other civilizations.

D. Merchants would prepare some supplies in advance.

E. Goods did not travel with the same person all along the route.

F. As a result, many goods traveled only part of the way due to the high cost

G. Many other things made their way from the East to the West, or from the West to the East.【答案】 A；C；G；E；F

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了丝绸之路的历史、发展及其对东西方文明的影响。

（1）上文说丝绸之路始于公元前2世纪，一千多年来，伟大文明之间的货物和思想都通过丝绸之路传输，下文又说这个称呼是由德国人Ferdinand von Richthofen发明的，19世纪中叶他曾多次访问中国，此处需要一个承上启下的句子，故A项（然而，这个名字是一个现代的概念）符合语境。

（2）根据本空后的“Some shipmen ts made it through to Europe and to northern and eastern Africa, through the port of Alexandria.”可知，一些货物通过亚历山大港送往欧洲、东非和北非，此处是说货物通过丝绸之路运送到别的地方，故C项（它把丝绸和其他商品送到其他文明）符合语境。

（3）上文说沿着丝绸之路运送的不只是丝绸，下文又说中国商人带来了精致的瓷盘和薄而耐用的纸币，罗马人把雕刻精美的陶器和朱宝带到中国，此处是说丝绸之路还运送除了丝绸以外的东西，故G项（还有很多别的东西，从西到东，从东到西，都在这条路上运输）符合语境。

（4）根据本空后的“Merchants carried shipments from major center, and then others carried the foods farther on the route.”可知，商人们从主要的运输中心运送货物，然后其他人把货

物运送到更远的地方，故E项（货物并不是一路由一个人运送的）符合语境。

（5）根据本空前的“Local taxes placed on goods trave ling along the route were quite common.可知，对丝绸之路上运输的货物征收地方税是很常见的，此处说的是征收地方税的影响，故F项（因此，由于成本高，许多货物只能走一部分路）符合语境。

【点评】阅读理解七选五解题步骤

1）分析选项，串联主题：了解文章的主题、大意，会让解题的方向更明确。 2）研究空格前后，对比选项，选择答案。3）复读短文，核对答案：为了保证答案的正确性，一定要把答案代入原文，进行核对检查。

5．根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Find a quiet location. Keep a routine. Focus on one subject at a time. It all seems like sound advice for students who need to hit the books, ________ . Here's a list of tips from Carey, a scientist, for getting the most out of your study time.

________.

Doing practice quizzes can help you retrieve（检索）information on test day. “Tests have a very bad reputation as a measurement tool,” Carey says. But psychologists have found self-tests slow down the forgetting of material you've stu died. “If you study something once, and then you test yourself on it,” Carey says, “you do better than if you study it twice over.”

Move around

________ . “If you move around and study the same material in several places,” he says, “you may be forming multiple associations for the same material. So it's better anchored in your brain, and you can pull it out easier.”

Mix it up

Think about a football who does strength training, speed training and drills. Carey says alternating between differen t facets facts of a subject in a single sitting can “leave a deeper impression on the brain”. For example, when studying French, do some verbs, some speaking and some reading. ________ .

Space it out

Information learned in a hurry is lost just as fast. So if you really want to learn, space out shorter, hour-long study sessions. “There's no doubt that you can cram for（突击备考）an exam.” Carey says, “________. And once it's gone, “it's gone. You're not getting it back.”

A. Test yourself

B. Study it and practice more

C. and it turns out that some of them are in great help

D. but recent studies indicate the conventional wisdom is wrong

E. The problem is that it's so easy to forget what you just crammed

F. Changing up where you study can help you keep more information

G. Spending your time in deep concentration on just verbs isn't effective

【答案】 D；A；F；G；E

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何充分利用你的学习时间的几点建议。

（1）上文说找一个安静的地方，保持常规，一次只关注一个科目，这似乎都是很合理的建议，下文又介绍了如何充分利用你的学习时间的几点建议，此处需要一个承上启下的过渡句，既与上文的建议形成转折关系，又要引出下文介绍的建议，故D项（但是，最近的研究表明传统的观点是错误的）符合语境。

（2）根据本段内容，特别是“Doing practice quizzes can help you retrieve information on test day”可知，做练习题可以帮助你在考试当天检索信息，本段讲的是要进行自我测试，故A 项（自我测试）符合语境。

（3）根据本空后的“If you move around and study the same material in several places,” he says, “you may be forming multiple associations for the same material.”可知，如果你在不同的地方学习同一种材料，你会产生多种联想，此处讲的是在不同的地点学习的好处，故F项（改变学习地点可以帮助你保存更多信息）符合语境。

（4）根据本空前的“For example, when studying French, do some verbs, some speaking and some reading.”可知，学习法语时，做一些动词，说一些，读一些，此处承接上文，讲的还是关于学习法语的内容，故G项（把时间集中在动词上是没有效果的）符合语境。

（5）根据本空后的“And once it's gone, “it's gone. You're not getting it back.”可知，一旦它消失了，你就想不起来了，此处说的是有关遗忘的内容，故E项（问题是你很容易忘记刚刚记住的东西）符合语境。

【点评】阅读理解七选五解题步骤

1）分析选项，串联主题：了解文章的主题、大意，会让解题的方向更明确。 2）研究空格前后，对比选项，选择答案。3）复读短文，核对答案：为了保证答案的正确性，一定要把答案代入原文，进行核对检查。

6．Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

Shanghai Hengyuanxiang Drama Development Company and Netherlander Worldwide Entertainment signed a deal last November that would see Shimmer (《犹太人在上海》) become the first Chinese musical to have an open-ended run on Broadway in 2019. ________

Directed by Xu Jun, Shimmer is a musical in both English and Chinese. Shimmer, which tells a story about Jews who fled to Shanghai to escape Nazi persecution (迫害) during World War II, was first shown at the Shanghai Culture Square in 2015. ________ The musical's scheduled open-ended run in 2019 will be one of the events to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States. With this play being shown on Broadway, the ties between Chinese people and Americans will be firmly strengthened. And through this drama, the audience can feel the charm of Chinese culture.

________ To deal with the problem, many production companies in Shanghai have pointed out that they should keep striving for improvement by creating more Chinese musicals and by creating more audiences. Currently, those who watch Western musicals in China are limited to a small group — people who have received a university education or have had overseas working experiences, white-collar and even gold-collar workers. There are only a handful of people who understand foreign languages and you have to find a way to motivate the public and get them

into the theater.

________ There has been a handful of successful musical stories in Shanghai. The Chinese editions of Broadway musicals Cats and Mamma Mia, both of which had hundreds of shows across China, are among the top box office hits.

A. What do you think we can do to prevent Chinese musicals from declining in popularity?

B. At that time, the musical was chosen as the opening show for the 17th China Shanghai International Arts Festival.

C. The box office is expected to be twice higher than that of last year, reaching $1 million in total.

D. The small audience size hasn't discouraged local artists from producing outstanding works.

E. The deal is a milestone for Shimmer in its goal to further spread its influence to the world.

F. Despite the huge success of Shimmer, the team is facing a limited market.

【答案】 E；B；F；D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍恒元翔戏剧发展公司将《犹太人在上海》推向国际舞台，尽管获得可巨大的成功，但很多制作公司自身发展,面临着观众少，市场狭窄的问题，与此同当地艺术家仍然在不断创作优秀作品。

（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“Shanghai Hengyuanxiang Drama Development Company and Netherlander Worldwide Entertainment signed a deal last November that would see Shimmer (《犹太人在上海》) become the first Chinese musical to have an open-ended r un on Broadway in 2019.”可知，上海恒元翔戏剧发展公司和尼德兰全球娱乐公司去年11月签署了一项协议，将使《犹太人在上海》成为中国第一部在2019年在百老汇公开上映的音乐剧。所以小题1要说明这项协议给《犹太人在上海》带来的影响和意义。E. The deal is a milestone for Shimmer in its goal to further spread its influence to the world.“该协议是《犹太人在上海》进一步将其影响力扩大到世界的目标的一个里程碑”符合题意。故选E。

（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“The musical's scheduled open-ended run in 2019 will be one of the events to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and United States”可知，这部音乐剧定于2019年公开上映，将是庆祝中美建交40周年的活动之一。《犹太人在上海》不是第一次上映，所以判断出小题2要说明它在2015年因为什么而上映的。B. At that time, the musical was chosen as the opening show for the 17th China Shanghai International Arts Festival.“当时，这部音乐剧被选为第十七届中国上海国际艺术节的开幕式上表演。”符合题意。故选B。

（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。由第三段的内容可知，第三段主要介绍了上海的许多制作公司通过创作更多的中国音乐剧和吸引更多的观众来不断努力改进自己的作品，以及观众群体的局限性。这都说明尽管《犹太人在上海》取得了巨大的成功，但团队仍面临着有限的市场。所以判断出小题3是本段的标题。F. Despite the huge success of Shimmer, the team is facing a limited market.“尽管《犹太人在上海》取得了巨大的成功，但团队仍面临着有限的市场”为本段的标题。故选F。

（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“there ha s been a handful of successful musical stories in Shanghai. The Chinese editions of Broadway musicals Cats and Mamma Mia, both of which had hundreds of shows across China, are among the top box office

hits. ”可知上海有一些成功的音乐故事。百老汇音乐剧《猫》和《妈妈咪呀》的中国版在中国各地都有数百场演出，都是票房冠军。所以这里具体列举了很多百老汇音乐剧的中国版都取得了不错的票房，意在说明观众人数少并没有妨碍当地艺术家创作优秀作品。所以此处要起到总说的作用，然后在进行解释说明。 D. The small audience size hasn't discouraged local artists from producing outstanding works.“观众人数少并没有妨碍当地艺术家创作优秀作品”符合句意。故选D。

【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

7．请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。

Fighting the curse of presenteeism

"It's true hard work never killed anybody, but I figure, why take the chance?" Beyond a certain level, extra effort seems to be self-defeating. Studies suggest that, after 10 hours a week, employee productivity falls sharply.

But that doesn't stop some managers from demanding that workers stay chained to their desk for long periods. Jack Ma, the founder of Alibaba, recently applauded the "996" model, where employees work from 9am to 9pm, six days a week, as a huge blessing". However, to modem office workers presenteeism is a curse.

There will be days when you do not have much to do, just waiting for someone else to respond to a request. As the clock ticks past 5pm, there may be no purpose in staying at your desk. But you can see your boss hard at work and, more important, they can see you. So you make an effort to look busy.

If bosses do not like to go home before their underlings (下属)and underlings fear leaving before their bosses, everyone is trapped. Staff may feel that they will not get a pay rise, or a promotion, if they are not seen to be putting in maximum effort. This is easily confused with long hours. Managers, who are often no good at judging employees5 performance, use time in the office as a measurement.

But presenteeism has more serious consequences. As well as reducing productivity, this can increase medical expenses for the employer. According to a study, these costs can be six time: higher for employers than the costs of absenteeism among workers. To take one example, research found that Japanese employees with lower-back pain were three times more likely to turn up for work than in Britain. As a result, those workers were more likely to experience greater pain and to suffer from depression. What could be more discouraging than being in pain while feeling trapped at work?

"None of this is to say that employers are not entitled to expect workers to be in the office for a small amount of time. Unavoidably there will be a need for some (preferably short)meetings. Dealing with colleagues face-to-face develops friendships, allows for a useful exchange of ideas and enables workers to have a better sense of their common needs.

With portable smart phones and laptops, we can work at home as easily as in the office. Turning an office into a prison does nothing for the creativity that is increasingly demanded of office workers as routine tasks are automatic. To be productive you need presence of mind, not being present in the flesh.

paid/covered/afforded；tendency；use/help；Benefits；face-to-face；understand

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了老板如何应对工人工作中的不满。

（1）考查信息归纳。根据文章内容结合表格，先给出现象，讨论这种现象的原因、后果。因此答案Phenomenon。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"Staff may feel ……not get a raise，or a promotion……efforts"得出答案是give sb. an edge/advantage“给某人优势”。故填edge/advantage。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“Managers, who are often no good at jud ging employees5 performance, use time in the office as a measurement.”，老板不擅长评判员工的表现，就会把时长作为考核手段得知答案是考核，故填evaluated /measured/judged。（4）考查原词复现。根据第五段中的“ As well as reducing productivity, this can increase medical expenses for the employer. ”和第三段中的“ So you make an effort to look busy.”，可知答案是productivity。

（5）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“As well as reducing productivity, this can increase medical expenses for the employer. ”，可得知雇主还需多支付员工的医疗费用，因而表格中更多的医疗费用要雇主为员工负担。注意被动语态的使用，故填 paid/covered/afforded。（6）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“As a result, those workers were more likely to experience greater pain and to suffer from depression. ”可以得知员工工作时长过长，不仅身体上出现健康问题，心里上也遭受巨大压力，have a tendency to固定短语，“有……倾向，有……趋势”，故填 tendency。

（7）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"……does nothing for the creativity……"可知答案是

be of no use固定短语“毫无帮助”，所以填use/help。

（8）考查推理判断。根据表格给出的内容可知都是face-to-face contact的好处，因而由文章内容概括为benefits，注意表格中第一栏首字母大写，故填 Benefits。

（9）考查细节理解。很据第六段中的“Dealing with colleagues face--to--face develops friendships, allows for a useful exchange of ideas and enables workers to have a better sense of their common needs.”，可知在阐述face--to-face 的工作方式，因而答案为face -to- face，面对面的思想沟通、意见交流。

（10）考查推理判断。根据第六段中的"Dealing with colleagues face-to-face develops friendships, allows for a useful exchange of ideas and enables workers to have a better sense of their common needs"可知答案是更好的明白。故填understand。

【点评】本题涉及信息归纳，细节理解，推理判断和原词复现四个题型的考查，是一篇社会类阅读，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，根据上下文的逻辑关系，结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识，写出正确答案。

8．任务型阅读

I stood at the edge of the cliff. The wind stung my eyes, cutting into my skin. Dark-feathered birds circled the air, swooping (俯冲) low over the ocean every now and then to catch their dinner. Hundreds of feet below, the deep ocean beat against the rough sandy shore. I took a deep breath, filling my lungs with excitement — and at the same time, fear.

Behind me, I heard the rest of the crew start to mutter. I was here for the shooting of a movie as I was one of the lead actors in the film Dangerous Things, and this scene was right in the middle of the climax (故事的高潮). It was vital that this went right.

The director had talked to me about getting a stunt double (替身演员), but I'd persuaded him that I could handle the dive. I'd taken a diving course a few years ago, and I'd been taking swimming lessons since I was five years old. I had been pretty confident that I could do this — up till now.

Someone called out, “Ceria, you don't have to do this! Are you sure you want to dive?” It was one of the producers, Callie Evans. I knew I couldn't turn back now. I couldn't bear to see the disappointed look on the director's face when he was told that I couldn't do it.

At that moment, all my fears and worries broke free. The expectation of adventure and victory seemed to move all the hesitation. I swooped downwards. The air on either side of me cut into my extended arms. I knew that this wonderful feeling of flight would only last a few seconds, yet time seemed to slow down so I could hear the thrilled whoops of my crew and a round of applause that seemed to echo in my pounding ears.

（1）At the beginning, how did the author feel about what she was going to do?(No more than 3 words)

（2）What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean in English?(No more than 15 words)

（3）Why was the author that confident in diving? (No more than 10 words)

（4）What was the crew's reaction while the author was diving down? (No more than 10 words)

（5）How do you like the author? Please explain why. (No more than 25 words)

【答案】（1）She felt excited and frightened / fearful.

（2）It was important that the scene was properly shot.

Or: (Because it was the climax of the movie), the dive must perform successfully / well.

（3）Because she had taken diving and swimming courses.

（4）The crew cheered loudly for her.

（5）I think the author was brave and confident, because she could overcome the fear to challenge herself and enjoy success.

Or: I think she was brave because she didn't chicken out when facing challenges.

【解析】【分析】本文为记叙文。作者讲述了自己拍摄电影的故事。

（1）根据第一段中的I took a deep breath, filling my lungs with excitement — and at the same time, fear.（我深深地吸了一口气，肺里充满了兴奋——同时也充满了恐惧）可知，一开始，作者对她将要做的事情感觉既兴奋又害怕。考虑字数限制，故答She felt excited and frightened / fearful。

（2）根据第二段中的I was here for the shooting of a movie as I was one of the lead actors in the film Dangerous Things, and this scene was right in the middle of the climax.（我在这里拍摄一部电影，因为我是电影《危险的事情》的主角之一，而这个场景正好处于高潮的中间）可知，因为这个场景正好处于高潮的中间，因此拍好这个场景是至关重要。考虑字数限制，故答It was important that the scene was properly shot. Or: (Because it was the climax of the movie), the dive must perform successfully / well。

（3）根据第三段中的I'd taken a diving course a few years ago, and I'd been taking swimming lessons since I was five years old.（几年前我上过潜水课，从五岁起我就一直在上游泳课）可知，作者对潜水很有信心是因为她学过潜水和游泳课程。考虑字数限制，故答Because she had taken diving and swimming courses。

（4）根据最后一段中的I could hear the thrilled whoops of my crew and a round of applause （我能听到团队成员们激动的呼喊和掌声）可知，当作者潜水时，团队成员们激动的呼喊和鼓掌。考虑字数限制，故答The crew cheered loudly for her。

（5）本题是开放性题目。首先要表明立场，然后解释原因。通读原文可知，作者是勇敢和自信的，因为她面对挑战时她没有退缩，克服恐惧，挑战自己，享受成功。考虑字数限制，故答I think the author was brave and confident, because she could overcome the fear to challenge herself and enjoy success. Or: I think she was brave because she didn't chicken out when facing challenges.

【点评】任务型阅读的关键在看懂文章，然后根据题目要求作答，注意尽量用文章的语言填写答案。在文章中找不到答案时，要完全理解句子，根据同义词，句型转换的方式找到可以替换文章中的单词，短语或者句子的词。

9．任务型阅读

We all have to make decisions all the time, and we have an abundance of choices, ranging from tiny issues to vital ones. Unfortunately, people often find it hard to make decisions________ If you would like to improve your skill of decision making, here are four suggestions for you. Don't expect to have it all.

________ You can't order every delicious dish on the menu. And there will be paths not taken, careers not chosen, to name a few. You can imagine some “what if' situations if you must, but do not let them take up too much space in your brain.

________

It's often good to think through your decisions. But don't overdo it. Research can reach a point where returns begin to reduce, which makes it confusing more than clarifying. Many good decisions can be made based as much on intuition (直觉) as on careful assessment of endless data.

Don't delay making decisions.

Yes, there is a time to put off making a decision. Perhaps you need more information________ Or it's likely that you wait for a less stressful time. Just don't wait so long that the decision is made by your own indecisiveness.

Don't be hard on yourself.

You decide to go on a voyage. You choose an expensive liner. Everything should work out just right. Only you didn't expect a bug that ran around on the ship, making you and your family sick for five days________But please remember it is unavoidable sometimes.

A. Don't spend too much time thinking.

B. It is an important source of information.

C. Don't count on emotion to make decisions.

D. Maybe you wish to consult with your advisor.

E. You may regret making such a stupid decision.

F. That means the skill of good decision-making counts a lot.

G. Decisions force us to close the door on other possibilities.

【答案】F；G；A；D；E

【解析】【分析】如何提高做出决定的技能，本文推荐了四条建议。

(1)根据上句：很遗憾，人们发现作出决定很难。可知，这意味着好决策很重要。故答案选F。

(2)根据本段小标题：Don't expect to have it all.不要期盼着拥有一切。再根据空格下句：你不可能点到菜单上每一道美味的菜。可知，决定迫使我们放弃其他可能性。故答案选G。

(3)本段是小标题。根据上下文内容可知此处应该是否定祈使句。再根据本段下文：彻底考虑你的决定经常是好的。但是不要做的过火。可知，在思考上不要花太多的时间。故答案选A。

(4)根据上句：你可能需要更多的信息。再根据空格下句：或等到时间不那么紧张的时候再考虑。可知，也许你希望咨询顾问。故答案选D。

(5)根据下句：但是请记住有时候这是不可避免的。可知，你可能后悔做出这样愚蠢的决定。故答案选E。

【点评】1.快速阅读全文要点词句，包括首尾段、首尾句以及独立成段的句子和文章中带

转折词的句子。目的是掌握文章的主要内容。2.了解了文章主题，解答题目。此时需要回到文中，重点阅读空格附近的句子，圈定线索词，再和选项进行比对，锁定和线索相关的选项，从而确定答案。3.排除多余项，确定答案，并将答案代入原文，看文章从内容上、逻辑上是否通顺连贯，直白地说，就是检查文章是否读得通、读得懂，符合逻辑。

10．Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

Many people know that trash is a big problem on planet Earth. What many people don't know is that trash has become a problem in outer space too. ________

Statistically, there are more than 22,000 pieces of junk in space around the earth. And these are just the items that we can see from the surface of the earth by telescopes or radars. ________

Objects, like bits of old space rockets or satellites, move around the planet at very high speeds, so fast that even a very small piece can break important satellites or become dangerous to people, particularly astronauts. If the tiniest piece of junk crashed into a spacecraft, it could damage the vehicle. That's because the faster an object moves, the greater the impact if the object collides with something else.

To help minimize additional space junk, countries around the world have agreed to limit the time their space tools stay in orbit to 25 years. Each tool must be built to fall safely into the earth's atmosphere, or the mass of gases that surround the earth, after that. ________

Many scientists are also proposing different ways to clean up space junk. The Germans have been planning a space mission with robots that would collect pieces of space trash and bring them back to Earth so that they can be safely destroyed.

"In our opinion the problem is very challenging, and it's quite urgent as well," said Marco Castronuovo, an Italian Space Agency researcher who is working to solve the problem. ________ Many of these objects are tools that help people use their cell phones or computers. "The time to act is now; as we go farther in time we will need to remove more and more fragments," he says.

A. One reason that it's urgent is that countries are sending more and more objects into space.

B. There are also millions of smaller pieces of junk that we can't see.

C. Blowing up older satellites with a missile may create thousands of smaller pieces!

D. In the upper parts of the atmosphere, it will burn up.

E. When two objects in space collide, the two objects break into many smaller pieces.

F. Years of space exploration have left tons of "space junk" in orbit around the planet.

【答案】 F；B；D；A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍太空垃圾越来越严重，急需解决。

（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“Statistically, there are more t han 22,000 pieces of junk in space around the earth.”可知，数据上来看，地球周围的太空超过22000块垃圾，F. Years of space exploration have left tons of "space junk" in orbit around the planet.“多年的太空探索在地球轨道上留下了数以吨计的垃圾”，后一句例举了具体的数据，承接后文，切题，故选F。

（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“And these are just the items that we can see from the surface of the earth by telescopes or radars.”可知，那些垃圾都是可以通过望远镜和雷达观察到的，B. There are also millions of smaller pieces of junk that we can't see.“还有很多小块垃圾我们看不清”，与前一句形成对比，切题，故选B。

（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“Each tool must be built to fall safely into the earth's atmosphere, or the mass of gases that surround the earth, after that.”可知，每个发射工具必须能够安全落入地球的大气层，D. In the upper parts of the atmosphere, it will burn up.“在地球的大气层上空，这些太空探测工具能够燃烧”，陈述前一句话的结果和目的，切题，故选D。

（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“In our opinion the problem is very challenging, and it's quite urgent as well”以及空后“Many of these objects are tools that help people use their cell phones or computers.”可知，太空垃圾问题很难解决，也很紧急，A. One reason that it's urgent is that countries are sending more and more objects into space.“紧急的原因在于人们发射了更多的卫星到太空，这些卫星主要用于帮助人们上网”，讲述紧急的原因，切题，故选A。

【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

11．Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

Spacewalk!

Most people don't know that the anniversary of an important event in space exploration occurred last month. On March 18, 1965, spaceman Aleksi Leonov became the first human to complete an Extra Vehicular Activity (EVA) or spacewalk. It marked the first time that a human was able to leave a spacecraft and operate in the emptiness of space. It is a dangerous procedure, but one that is vital for the success of manned space missions.

________ In space, a spacesuit must protect people from extreme cold and heat, provide air to breathe, and remove extra carbon dioxide. ________ Too much of it, and the spacesuit becomes firm and difficult to move in. Too little of it, and astronauts can become dangerously sick after returning to their spacecraft.

Astronauts now perform complex jobs in the emptiness of space in modern spacesuits. They have logged many hours repairing and upgrading equipment on satellites during EVAs. ________ On July 20th, 1969, American astronaut Neil Armstrong set foot on the moon for the first time. There is no atmosphere on the moon, but there is gravity—about 17 percent of Earth's, which means Neil needed a special suit for walking on the moon's surface. Suits for the moon are equipped for exploration far from any vehicles, including tough boots that can resist cuts from the rough surface while walking. But sharp rocks weren't the only danger to astronauts.

The moon surface is covered with a fine and flour-like dust which consists of small particles (颗粒) left over from the numerous meteorite(陨石) strikes on the moon. ________ When astronauts would leave the moon's gravity, the dust on their suits began floating all over. It got into delicate equipment inside the spacecraft and the astronaut's eyes and lungs. As different

space agencies plan for returning people to the moon, new EVA suit designs will have to take something else into account. Keeping astronauts safe also means keeping their suits clean.

A. However, EVAs don't just happen in empty space.

B. It sticks to everything, eventually causing joints and seals to fail.

C. Spacesuits also have to maintain ideal air pressure during a spacewalk.

D. Unfortunately, most people have no idea about space exploration or spacesuits.

E. Without the ability to work in space, we are unable to keep our space programs functional.

F. There are a few things that must be taken into account to make an EVA both safe and effective 【答案】 F；C；A；B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。1965年3月18日，宇航员阿列克谢·列奥诺夫成为完成舱外活动(EVA)第一人。现在，宇航员穿着现代宇航服在太空从事许多复杂的工作。为了保证宇航员的安全，新宇航服的设计也有更高的要求。

（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后" In space, a spacesuit must protect people from extreme cold and heat, provide air to breathe, and remove extra carbon dioxide."可知宇航服必须保护人们免受极冷和极热的伤害，提供空气，并去除多余的二氧化碳。 F. There are a few things that must be taken into account to make an EVA both safe and effective“为了使舱外活动在太空中既安全又有效，有几件事必须被考虑进去”承接上文，a few things就是指后文的protect people from extreme cold and heat, provide air to breathe, and remove extra carbon dioxide. 故选F。

（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“Too much of it, and the spacesuit becomes firm and difficult to move in. Too little of it, and astronauts can become dangerously sick after returning to their spacecraft.”可知（气压）太高的话，宇航服就会变硬，很难穿进去。如果（气压）过低，宇航员回到飞船后可能会生病。连接下文， C. Spacesuits also have to maintain ideal air pressure during a spacewalk.“宇航服还必须在（宇航员）太空行走时保持理想的气压。”切题。C项的air pressure与下文的代词it相呼应。故选C。（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前"Astronauts now perform complex jobs in the emptiness of space in modern spacesuits"可知宇航员现在穿着现代宇航服，在空旷的太空中从事复杂的工作；再根据空后“On July 20th, 1969, American astronaut Neil Armstrong set foot on the moon for the first time. There is no atmosphere on the moon, but there is gravity”可知除了在太空工作，1969年美国宇航员阿姆斯特朗第一次登上月球。承上启下，月球上没有大气，但有地球引力。A. However, EVAs don't just happen in empty space.“然而，舱外活动并不只是发生在广阔的太空中。”切题，故选A。

（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前"The moon surface is covered with a fine and flour-like dust which consists of small particles(颗粒) left over from the numerous meteorite (陨石) strikes on the moon"可知月球表面覆盖着一种灰尘，这种灰尘由撞上月亮的陨石留下的小颗粒组成的。承接上文，B. It sticks to everything, eventually causing joints and seals to fail.“它可以粘在任何东西上，最终导致连接和密封（的东西）没法用。”切题。B项的it代指前文的a fine and flour-like dust。选B。

【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

12．阅读下列短文并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词，每空格1词。

A 2014 study found that readers of a short mystery story on a Kindle were significantly worse at remembering the order of events than those who read the same story in paperback.

The brain reads by constructing a mental representation of the text based on the placement of the page in the book and the word on the page. The tactile (触觉的) experience of a book aids this process, from the thickness of the pages in your hands as you progress through the story to the placement of a word on the page.

Surveys about the use of e-readers suggests that this affects a reader's sense of control. The inability to turn back to previous pages or control the text physically, either through making written notes or bending pages, limits one's sensory experience and thus reduces long-term memory of the text.

Before the Internet, the brain read in a linear (线状的) fashion, taking advantage of sensory details to remember where key information was in the book by layout.

As we increasingly read on screens, our reading habits have adapted to skim a text rather than really absorb its meaning. A 2006 study found that people read on screens in a "F" pattern, reading the entire top line but then only scanning through the text along the left side of the page. This sort of nonlinear reading reduces comprehension and actually makes it more difficult to focus the next time you sit down with a longer piece of text.

Tufts University neuroscientist Maryanne Wolf worries that "the superficial way we read during the day is affecting us when we have to read with more in-depth processing." Individuals are increasingly finding it difficult to sit down and involve themselves deeply in a novel. As a result, some researchers and literature-lovers have started a "slow reading" movement, as a way to counteract their difficulty making it through a book.

Slow-reading advocates recommend at least 30 to 45 minutes of daily reading away from the distractions of modern technology. By doing so, the brain can reengage with linear reading. The benefits of making slow reading a regular habit are numerous, reducing stress and improving your ability to concentrate.

Reading an old-fashioned novel is also linked to improving sleep. When many of us spend our days in front of screens, it can be hard to signal to our body that it's time to sleep. By reading a paper book about an hour before bed, your brain enters a new zone, distinct from that enacted by reading on an e-reader.

miss；easy /easier；stressed /anxious /worried；sleep

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了阅读纸质书籍有助于对书内容的理解，对比了阅读纸质书籍和电子书籍这两种阅读习惯，说明了慢读和阅读纸质书籍的好处。

（1）考查信息归纳。根据第一段"A 2014 study found that readers of a short mystery story on a Kindle were significantly worse at remembering the order of events than those who read the same story in paperback.”；以及第二段“ The brain reads by constructing a mental representation of the text based on the placement of the page in the book and the word on the page. The tactile (触觉的) experience of a book aids this process, from the thickness of the pages in your hands as you progress through the story to the placement of a word on the page"可知，2014年的一项研究发现，在Kindle上阅读一篇短篇侦探小说的读者，相比读平装书上同一篇小说的读者，在记忆情节顺序方面明显逊色很多。大脑在阅读时会根据书页在书中的位置以及单词在书页上的位置构建文本的心理表征。在阅读过程中，你手中逐渐变厚的书页，还是一个单词在页面上所处的位置，纸质书的这类触觉体验都促进了大脑的上述运作过程。所以前两段在主要说明阅读纸质书籍有助于对书内容的理解。故填print。

（2）考查同义转换。根据第二段中的“The tactile (触觉的) experience of a book aids this process”可知，纸质书的这类触觉体验都促进了大脑的上述运作过程。aid可以用contribute to替换，都表示“有助于”。故填contributes。

（3）考查信息归纳。根据第三段中的"Surveys about the use of e-readers suggests that this affects a reader's sense of control。The inability to turn back to previous pages or control the text physically."可知，关于电子阅读器使用情况的调查显示，这影响了读者的控制感。读者不能翻回到之前的页面，也不能用有形的方式控制文本。所以电子阅读器的使用会影响读者用有形的方式控制文本的能力。故填ability。

（4）考查同义转换。根据第三段中的"…thus reduces long-term memory of the text."可知，因此降低了对文本的长期记忆。所以通过"reduce"可以判断出，unable /fail to do“未能做某事”符合句意。故填unable /fail。

（5）考查归纳概括。根据第四段"Before the Internet, the brain read in a linear (线状的) fashion, taking advantage of sensory details to remember where key information was in the book by layout. ”；以及第五段中的“As we increasingly read on screens, our reading habits have

adapted to skim a text rather than really absorb its meaning."可知，没有互联网的时候，大脑以线状的方式阅读，利用感官细节按版面编排记住书中的关键信息。随着我们越来越多地在屏幕上阅读，我们的阅读习惯已经适应了略读文本而不是真正吸收其含义。所以第四段，第五段在对比两种阅读习惯。故填Explanations /Comparisons。

（6）考查同义转换。根据第四段"Before the Internet, the brain read in a linear (线状的) fashion, taking advantage of sensory details to remember where key information was in the book by layout."可知，没有互联网的时候，大脑以线状的方式阅读，利用感官细节按版面编排记住书中的关键信息。"layout"可用location替换，都表示“位置”。故填location。

（7）考查归纳概括。根据第五段中的"As we increasingly read on screens, our reading habits have adapted to skim a text rather than really absorb its meaning."可知，随着我们越来越多地在屏幕上阅读，我们的阅读习惯已经适应了略读文本而不是真正吸收其含义。所以通过"rather than really absorb its meaning"可知，用miss“错过”概括。故填miss。

（8）考查同义转换。根据第六段中的"As a result, some researchers and literature-lovers have started a "slow reading" movement, as a way to counteract their difficulty making it through a book."可知，因此，一些研究人员和文学爱好者开始了一场“慢读”运动，以抵消他们阅读时的困难。所以通过"counteract their difficulty"可知，用easy /easier“容易的”替换。故填easy /easier。

（9）考查同义转换。根据第七段中的"The benefits of making slow reading a regular habit are numerous, reducing stress and improving your ability to concentrate."可知，养成慢速阅读的习惯有很多好处，可以减轻压力，提高注意力。所以通过"stress"可以判断出，stressed /anxious /worried“焦虑的”可以替换。故填stressed /anxious /worried。

（10）考查信息归纳。根据第八段中的"Reading an old-fashioned novel is also linked to improving sleep"可知，读一本老式小说也有助于改善睡眠。故填sleep。

【点评】本题考点涉及信息归纳，同义转换和归纳概括三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，根据上下文的逻辑关系，结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识，做出正确答案。

13．任务型阅读

Aside from the health benefits of laughter (which are numerous and significant), having a sense of humor about life's difficulties can provide a way to bond with others, look at things in a different way, normalize your experience, and keep things from appearing too overwhelming or scary. Properly developed, a good sense of humor can keep people and relationships strong.

Studies show that having a smile on your face can make you feel better, and can lead you to actually feeling happier (rather than just looking happier). Even if the smile is fake, the benefits you will experience are real! Also, a fake smile leads readily to a genuine one. If you are able to put a smile on your face, the laughter will come more easily, and the stress will melt more easily. If your situation seems ridiculously frustrating, recognize what can develop into humor in just how ridiculously frustrating and annoying it is. In your imagination, take the situation to an extreme that becomes even more ridiculous until you find yourself amused. For example, when you're waiting in a long line at the store, you can imagine that hours pass, then days, visualizing