沪教牛津版八年级上册U2-Numbers-精讲精练

沪教牛津版八年级上册U2-Numbers-精讲精练
沪教牛津版八年级上册U2-Numbers-精讲精练

Unit 2 Numbers

Step 1 学习目标

Step 知识点讲解

【Getting ready】

a story about numbers. 读一个关于数字的故事。(P17) Number 此处用作可数名词,意为数字,number 还可以表示“号码”'

Eg: We often use Arabic numbers in our daily life.

在我们的日常生活中我们经常使用阿拉伯数字。

What’s your telephone number

你的电话号码是多少

【拓展】number还可以用作及物动词,意为“标序号,给…编号”

Please number the pictures. 请给这些图片编上序号。

2.Check some Maths problems. 检查一些数学题。

~

(1) check 及物动词,意为“检查,核实”。

Our teachers check our homework every day. 我们的老师每天都检查我们的作业。Please check the answers. 请核对答案。

【拓展】check 的相关短语

(2) problem 可数名词,意为:问题,难题。

He worked out the Maths problem. 他算出了那道数学难题。

These are the problems of youth. 这些是青少年的问题。

They have some problems (in) getting there on time. 他们准时到达那儿有些困难。

(2) No problem.没问题

---Can you help me 你能帮助我吗

---No problem. 没问题。

&

【Reading】

1. It is centimetres long. 它有厘米长。(p18)

centimetres long 意为厘米长。在英语中,表示长宽高面积等通常用基数词+单位名词[ metre(s), foot/feet, centimeter(s)等]+形容词(long, wide, high ,

The bridge is about 50 metres long. 这座桥约50米长。

They are only 15 centimetres wide. 它们只有15厘米宽。

2. Playing chess. 下国际象棋(P18)

Play chess 是固定短语,意为下国际象棋,chess 前不加任何冠词。

The children are learning to play chess. 孩子们正在学习下国际象棋。

【拓展】play 用作动词时,有以下几种常见用法:

(1)玩耍;此时play 为不及物动词,后面不能直接接宾语

The boy often plays in the street. 这个男孩经常在街上玩耍。

(2)打,踢球,后面直接接表示球类的名词。

the.

(4)玩弄,与…玩耍。后接介词with

He often plays with his little sister. 他经常和他的小妹妹玩。

(

Don’t play with fir e. 别玩火。

【中考.链接】

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3. The king’s favourite game was chess. 国王最喜欢的游戏是国际象棋。(p19)

favourite 此处用作形容词,以为最喜欢的。favouritr 通常谓语名词前作定语。What is your favourite movie star 你最喜欢的电影明星是谁

White is my favourite colour. 白色是我最喜欢的颜色。

【拓展】favourite 也可以用作名词,意为最喜欢的人或物

例如:This book is my favourite.

,

4. One day, a wise old man came to the palace and the king challenged him to a game. 有一天,以为充满智慧的老者来到宫殿,国王向他挑战一次比赛(p 19)(1)one day 有一天,某一天。

One day, I met Mr Zhang in the street and he looked sad.

有一天,我在街上遇到了张先生,他看起来很悲伤。

【注意】one day 和some day 都可以表示某一天。但one day 即可指过去的某一天,也可指将来的某一天。而,some day 只表示将来的某一天。

例如:I think my dream will come true one day/some day.

我想我的梦想有一天会实现。

%

One day, the old man was very ill. 有一天,那位老人病得很严重。

(2)challenge 及物动词,意为向某人挑战,challenge …to…表示向某人挑战Do you want to challenge him 你想向他挑战吗

My father challenges me to a table tennis game. 父亲向我挑战一场乒乓球比赛。5. The king promised the old man, “You can hace any prize if you win the game.”国王向老者承诺:“如果你赢得比赛,你可以得到任何奖励。” (p19)

·

(1) promise 此处用作及物动词,表示许诺,承诺。其后可接双宾语或动词不定式作宾语。

She promised me the book. 她许诺给我这本书。

They promised to come to the party on time. 他们答应准时来参加聚会。

【拓展】promise 也可用做名词,make a promise 意为许下诺言,答应,保证。

母亲答应给我买一辆新自行车

(2)if 连词,意为如果,引导条件状语从句。If 引导的条件状语从句可以放在主句之后,也可以放在主句之前,当条件状语从句位于主句之前时,后面要用逗号与主句隔开。

例如:

We’ll go to visit the Great Wall if it is fine tomorrow.

如果明天天气好,我们将去游览长城。

If it rains, I won’t go swimming. 如果下雨,我不会去游泳。

【拓展】含有if 引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句,要遵循“主将从现”的

原则,即若主句用一般将来时(或含有情态动词,为祈使句),if 引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时。

6. …I’d like one grain of rice for the first square of the chessboard……(P19)我想在棋盘的第一个方格要一粒谷粒。

Would like 意为想要,在意思上相当于want,但在语气上比want 委婉,常用于口语

Would 是情态动词,没有人称和数的变化,would like 后接名词,代词,或动词不定式,但不可接动名词。

I would like some apples. 我想要些苹果。

He would like to eat some bananas.他想吃香蕉。

【拓展】

(1):

(2)当我们询问或回答某人需要。。。时,可以在would like 后面直接跟名词作宾语。

对于would like提出的建议或要求,肯定回答yes, please,否定:no, thanks

例如:

---what would he like 他想要什么

----He’d like some food. 他想要些食品。

---Would you like some iced tea 你想要喝冰茶吗

--- Yes, please. / No, thanks. 好的,请来一点儿。/不,谢谢。

|

(2)回答would you like to do sth句型时,肯定回答常用yes, I’d love/ like to.”否定回答常用”I’d love to , but…”

-----Would you like to stay here with me 你愿意和我一起待在这儿吗

----Yes, I’d love to. 是的,我愿意。

(3) would like sb to do sth 意为想要某人做某事“

7, … and then double the amount for each of the rest of the squares.其余的方格每一格都是(前一方格)两倍的数量。(p 19)

rest 此处用作名词,意为剩余部分。The rest of 意为…的剩余部分。

They’ll eat some of the bread and keep the rest for breakfast.

他们会吃一些面包,剩下的留作早点。

But what about the rest of them 但是他们其余的人怎么办呢

【拓展】(1) rest 做名词,意为休息。

We stopped to have a rest. 我们停下来休息了一下。

(2)rest 做动词,意为休息,使休息。

They rest for half an hour. 他们休息了半个小时。

8. Wouldn’t you like gold or silver instead 难道你不想要金子或银子代替

instead 副词,意为代替,顶替

She is very busy. Let’s go instead. 她太忙了,还是让我们去吧。

辨析:instead 与instead of

例如:

Instead I’ll stay at home and do my homework. 相反,我会待在家里做作业。

I’ll read newspapers instead of seein g a film. 我将看报纸而不是看电影。

9. The king quickly realized the problem. 国王很快意识到了问题。(p19)

realiszed 是动词realise 的过去式,realize及物动词,意为认识到,意识到,常见用法有:

(1)realize + n.

At last she realized her mistakes. 最后她意识到了她的错误。

(2)realize + that 从句

I realized that is was time to go to school. 我意识到该上学了。

(3) realize + 疑问词+其他

I don’t think you realize how important this is to her.

我认为你没有意识到这对她多重要。

10、… he would still not have enough rice to put on all the squares! …他仍然没有足够的大米放在所有的方格上!(P19)

Enough 此处用作形容词,意为充足的,足够的。可接可数名词复数或不可数名词。他放在名词的前面或后面都可以。

~

He doesn’t have enough time/ time enough to finish the work.

他没有足够的时间去完成这项工作。

【拓展】enough 作副词时,意为足够地,十分,通常用于所修饰的形容词或副词之后。

The boy is strong enough to lift the box. 这个男孩很强壮,能举起这个箱子。

11. A young man once talked to a wise old man. (p20)

一位年轻人有一次与一位充满智慧的老人交谈。

talk to 意为:与。。。交谈

例如:

|

I want to talk to my mother about the bike.

我想和我母亲谈谈有关自行车的事情。

My teacher often talks to me and helps me.

我的老师常常和我谈话并且帮助我。

【拓展】

(1)talk with …意为与…交谈。强调谈话双方无主次之分,互相交流

She is talking with a friend. 她正在和一个朋友交谈。

-

(2)talk about 表示谈论(某人,某事等)

Please talk about the picture. 请谈论一下这幅图画。

12.“I can teach you h ow to make more money if you promise to follow my advice,” 如果你承诺采纳我的建议,我可以教你如何去赚更多的钱。

(1)how to make more money 是“疑问词+动词不定式短语”结构,意为如何去赚更多的钱,在句中作teach 的宾语。

疑问代词或副词what/ who/ whom/ which/ where/ when/ how后跟动词不定式,常用作动词know/tell/ask/teach等的宾语。

He asked me where to park his car. 他问我该把他的车停在哪里。

Could you please teach me how to make a home page

/

你能教我如何制作主页吗

(2)advice不可数名词,意为建议,表示一条建议,用a/one piece of advice,表示一些建议,用some advice.

I will give you some advice on how to look after your pet dog.

我将给你一些怎样照顾你的宠物狗的建议。

也可用于advise sb (not) to do sth. 结构,意为建议某人(不要做)某事

She asvised us to wait (for) one more day. 她建议我们再等一天。

>

13. The young man agreed. 年轻人同意了(p20)

agree此处用作不及物动词,意为同意,表示同意某人,用agree with sb.

Did they agree” 他们同意吗

We all agreed with Miss Gao. 我们都同意高老师的看法。

【拓展】agree 也可用作及物动词,意为同意,

agree to do sth.意为同意做某事。

!

My parents agreed to take me to the zoo. 我父母同意带我去动物园。

14. From then on he was not lazy any more. 从那以后,他不再懒惰。(p20)

not.. any more 相当于no more, 意为不再,多表示数量上或程度上不再

The girl didn’t cry any more. = The girl no more cried. 那个女孩子不再哭了。

I won’t play computer games any more = I will no more play computer games.

我不会再玩电脑游戏。

【拓展】not..any longer 相当于no longer 意为不再,多表示在时间或距离上

不再。

She doesn’t live here any longer. = She no longer lives here. 她不再住在这里了。

15. Where the story took place 故事发生的地点(P 21)

take place 意为发生,不用于被动语态中

This story took place last year. 这个故事是去年发生的。

要点全解

1. Some words have both a strong form and a weak form.(p26)

有些单词既可重读,也可弱读。

Both …and 意为既…又,不但…而且…用于连接并列的句子成分。若both…and…连接主语,其谓语动词须用复数形式。

Both his father and his uncle are very tall. 他的父亲和叔叔都很高。

2. Our Maths teacher uses a lot of games to help us learn. 我们数学老师用很多游戏来帮助我们学习。

Use…to do sth 意为用…做某事,相当于use…for doing sth.

We use knives to cut thing.= We use knives for cutting things.我们用小刀来割东西。

makes the class really interesting. 他使课堂非常有趣。

“make +宾语+形容词”表示使某人/ 某物…” 形容词作宾语补足语。

The present made my cousin happy. 那件礼物使我表妹很开心。

\

Her song made her famous all over the world. 她的歌使她全世界闻名。

【拓展】动词find, keep等之后也常接形容词作宾语补足语。

I found the dog clever. 我发现这条狗很聪明。

Let’s try to keep our classroom clean. 我们尽量保持教室清洁。

4. …this is Joyce speaking…我是乔伊斯(p27)

This is …speaking 是一句电话用语,意为我是。。。,不能用I am…或my name is

句型。在讲英语的国家,打电话有其约定的句型和习惯。

(1)在西方国家,接电话时,拿起话筒后习惯于先报自己的电话号码。

Hello! 7543267

(2) 打电话问某人在不在时,常用:

Hello! May I speak to ….( 你好!我能和…通话吗)

Hello! Is..in (你好!…在家吗)

(3)问对方是哪一位,不说who are you 而用who’s that回答对方或自我介绍时,不说I’m… 而用this is …

(4) 如果对方要找的人正是你,说:yes, this is …speaking, (对,我正在接听)

如果对方要找的人不在面前可以说:hold on, please. (请别挂断)

如果对方打错了可以说:sorry, you’ve got the wrong number. (对不起打错了)

(5)电话挂断之前不要忘了道一声告别的话。如:goodbye./bye-bye

5. I don’t think I copied down the Maths problems correctly. (p27)我认为我没有正确地抄写数学题。

这是一个含有宾语从句的主从复合句。当主句主语为第一人称,think, believe 等动词后的宾语从句为否定含义的句子时,要将否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,而从句的谓语动词用肯定式,这种语法现象就是否定转移。翻译成汉语时,要注意将否定的意义还原到从句中去。

I don’t think that Jenny will come to his party. 我认为珍妮不回去参加他的聚会。

I don’t think he is right. 我认为他不对。

^

More practise

1. However, they could only count small numbers in this way. 然而,用这种方法,他们只能数很小的数。(p29)

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2, They used them to count things like the days of the month, the amount of food and the number of animals they had. 他们用这些记号来数像每月的天数,食物的数量和他们拥有的动物的数量这些东西。(p29)

the amount of snow 降雪量

the amount of money 钱的数量

the number of boys 男孩的数量

the number of chairs 椅子的数量

people began to use tokens made from clay or small stones. 后来人们开始使用泥土或小石头制成的标记。(p 29)

\

Made此处是动词make 的过去分词。过去分词短语made from clay or small stones 作后置定语,修饰tokens,表示用泥土或小石头制成的标记。过去分词短语作定语时位于被修饰的名词之后,表示被动

I have a wonderful friend named Jack. 我有一位叫杰克的好朋友。

The photo taken by Mr Wang is great. 王先生拍的那张照片很棒。

【中考链接】

4. They often put the tokens on pieces of string so that they could carry them around easily.

他们经常把这些标记串在细绳上,为的是他们能容易地到处携带让他们。(p29)

So that 此处引导目的状语从句,意为:为的是,以便,从句中常有can, could ,may, might,等情态动词,so that 从句可以转换为in order that 从句或in order to do 结构

I worked hard so that I could finish my work on time.

= I worked hard in order to finish my work on time.

\

【拓展】so that 也可引导结果状语从句,意为结果,因此,该从句前常用逗号与主句分开。

It rained heavily, so that we had to stay at home.雨下得很大,结果我不得不待在家。

语法专项

基数词与序数词

【教材典句】

1. There are 35 students in my class ---18 boys and 17 girls.

:

2. Alan is the second.

3. Is it seventy-two plus twenty-seven

句1 和句3 中含有基数词,句2中含有序数词。

【语法全解】

英语中的数词分为两大类:基数词和序数词

1.基数词

基数词是表示数目多少的词,其主要用法有:

(1)《

(2)用于名词前表示数量的多少。

I have three pens.

(2) 表示时间

It’s eleven o’clock now/

(3)表示年龄

My mother is thirty-eight years old.

(4)表示价格

The bike is two hundred and thirty- five yuan.

^

【拓展】①. 英语中没有表示万,或千的专有名词,要表示万或千等数字,借助thousand 或million 来表达。读数字时,and 常用于百位数与紧跟的数之间256:two hundred and fifty- six

/

②.表达确定的几百、几千、几百万等,用数词加上hundred , thousand 或million,例如:three hundred 三百

six thousand 六千

nine million 九百万

③如果要表达不确定的几百、几千。几百万等,要先把hundred , thousand 或million,变为复数,再加of.

例如:hundreds of students 数百个学生

thousands of people 数千个人

~

2. 序数词

是表示顺序先后的词,其主要用法有:

(1)表顺序

January is the first month of the year.

(2)表第几次

This is my second time to visit Nanjing.

(3)表示日期

Today is the fifth of March.

【拓展】(1)序数词主要用作定语,通常在前面加定冠词the. 但当序数词前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格修饰时,不用定冠词the

Mr lin lives on the fifth floor.

Simon is his third child.

(2)如果序数词前出现不定冠词,a 或an 表示再,又

You’ll have to do it a second time.

(4)表示编号时,可用序数词+名词或名词+基数词

Let’s study the fifth lesson.= let’s study lesson five.

【中考链接】

一、用所给单词的适当形式填空

is mother’s Day

--It’s on the _______( two) Sunday in May every year.

are _______ (six) pens on the desk.

government has built _____________ (thousand) houses for people .

is the _______ day of the week.

are three __________ (two) thousand students in our school.

二、单项选择

1). There are ___ days in a year.

A. three hundreds sixty-five

B. three hundreds and sixty-five

C. three hundred and sixty-five

D. three hundred and sixty five

2). There are____ students in this school.

A. eight hundreds and forty-six

B. eight hundred and forty six

C. eight hundred and forty-six

D. eight hundred forty-six

3).______people visit this museum every day.

A. Hundred

B. Hundreds

C. Hundred of

D. Hundreds of

4).There are two___ people in the meeting room.

A. hundred

B. hundreds

C. hundreds of

D. hundred of

5). Every year ___ watch NBA on TV.

A. million people

B. millions of people

C. millions people

D. million of people

6). ____ trees have been planted in our school in the past 10 years.

A. Thousands of

B. Two thousands

C. Thousand of

D. Two thousand of

7). Look! There are ___ in the sky.

A. thousand stars

B. thousand of stars

C. thousands of stars

D. thousands of star

沪教牛津版八年级下unit3讲解及练习

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沪教牛津版八年级英语上册词汇表Unit 1 *encyclopaedia n.百科全书human adj.人的dinosaur n.恐龙 *Italian n.意大利人inventor n.发明家musician n.音乐家scientist n.科学家 born n.出生countryside n.乡村intelligence n.才智 *artistic adj.有艺术天赋的ability n.才能,能力perhaps adv.可能,大概invention n.发明notebook n.笔记本include v.包括 even adv.甚至however adv.然而suddenly adv.突然

nobody pron.没有人 *fossil n.化石 win v.赢 dollar n.元 in the countryside 在乡村 human being 人 die out 灭绝 find out 了解 go for a walk 去散步 Unit 2 number n.数字instruction n指标 check v.检查 gram n.克 son n.儿子 chess n.国际象棋 India n.印度 wise adj.充满智慧的challenge v.向(某人)挑战promise v.许诺

prize n.奖赏 grain n.谷粒chessboard n.象棋棋盘double v.(使)加倍amount n.数量 rest n.剩余部分 gold n.金子 instead adv.代替 realize v.认识到 copy v.抄写 correctly adv.正确地 traffic n.交通 accident n.(交通)事故a long time ago 很久以前challenge….to…向(某人)挑战and so on 等等 copy down 抄写 Unit 3 order n.订货 compare v.比较 monitor n.显示器

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?习题 (58) Unit5 Educational exchange (61) ?单词 (61) ?短语 (62) ?重点句型 (62) ?课文翻译 (63) ?知识点解析 (64) ?习题 (73) Unit 6 Ancient stories (75) ?单词 (75) ?短语 (77) ?重点句型 (77) ?课文翻译 (78) ?知识点解析 (79) ?习题 (85) Unit 7 Memory (90) ?单词 (90) ?短语 (91) ?重点句型 (91) ?课文翻译 (92) ?知识点解析 (93) ?习题 (99) Unit 8 English Week (104) ?单词 (104) ?短语 (105) ?重点句型 (105) ?课文翻译 (106) ?知识点解析 (107) ?习题 (112)

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沪教牛津版八年级英语上册词汇表 Unit 1 *encyclopaedia n.百科全书human adj.人的dinosaur n.恐龙 *Italian n.意大利人inventor n.发明家musician n.音乐家scientist n.科学家 born n.出生countryside n.乡村intelligence n.才智 *artistic adj.有艺术天赋的ability n.才能,能力perhaps adv.可能,大概invention n.发明notebook n.笔记本include v.包括 even adv.甚至however adv.然而suddenly adv.突然nobody pron.没有人 *fossil n.化石 win v.赢 dollar n.元 in the countryside在乡村human being人 die out灭绝 find out了解 go for a walk去散步

number n.数字instruction n指标 check v.检查 gram n.克 son n.儿子 chess n.国际象棋 India n.印度 wise adj.充满智慧的challenge v.向(某人)挑战promise v.许诺 prize n.奖赏 grain n.谷粒chessboard n.象棋棋盘double v.(使)加倍amount n.数量 rest n.剩余部分 gold n.金子 instead adv.代替 realize v.认识到 copy v.抄写 correctly adv.正确地 traffic n.交通 accident n.(交通)事故a long time ago很久以前challenge ?.to ?向(某人)挑战and so on等等 copy down抄写

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