wish虚拟语气在宾语从句中
II. 虚拟语气用在 wish 后的宾语从句中
虚拟语气用在wish后的宾语从句中，（常常省去连词that），表示不可能实现的愿望。
1.表示与现在事实相反的愿望
构成：
主语 + wish (that) + 从句主语 + 动词过去式（be 一律用were）
例如：
I wish I knew everything in the world.
I wish that the experiment were a success.
We wish we had wings. 我们希望有翅膀。
Example:
I wish it ______ not so cold outside.
A. shall be
B. be
C. were
D. is
I wish I ______ you better.
A. know
B. knew
C. will know
D. have known
2.表示与过去事实相反的愿望
构成：
主语 + wish (that) + 从句主语 + would/could + have + 过去分词或had + 过去分词
例如：
I wish that you had called yesterday.
I wish that I could have gone with you last night.
I didn’t go to the party, but I do wish I had been there.
Example:
I wish you ______ such a great deal of fuss.
A. were not caused
B. had not caused
C. have not caused
D. are not caused
I wish that you ______ such a bad headache because I’m sure that you would have enjoyed the concert.
A. hadn’t had
B. hadn’t
C. didn’t have
D. hadn’t have
3.表示将来不大可能实现的愿望
构成：
主语 + wish (that) + 从句主语 + would/should/could/might + 原形动词
例如：
I wish that he could try again.
I wish that someday I should live on the moon.
We wish that they would come soon.
Example:
I wish that we ______ with my brother when he flies to England next week.
A. could go
B. had gone
C. will go
D. are going EXERCISE
1. I wish you ______ like that.
a. don’t talk
b. wouldn’t talk
c. won’t talk
d. not to talk
2. I wish I _____ how to operate the machine.
a. have known
b. know
c. can know
d. knew
3. He is not a millionaire but he _____ he were.
a. wishes
b. hopes
c. longs
d. believes
4. I wish that I ______ visit my uncle the day after tomorrow.
a. shall
b. have
c. would
d. am going to
5. I wish it ______ spring all the year round.
a. will be
b. were
c. be
d. is
虚拟语气if假设句
一．分别对过去、现在和未来的假设 1、过去发生事情进行假设 这时从句动词用had done，主句用would/should/could/might+have done If you had worked harder, you would have passed your exam. If you had asked me, I would have told you. I would have been in bad trouble if Jane hadn’t helped me. If it hadn’t been for your help, we could have been in lots of trouble.(要不是你的帮助，我们要陷入很大的麻烦) 2、对现在情形进行假设 这时从句用did和were（be 动词都改成were），主句为would should/could/might+do If I knew her name, I would tell you. I would perfectly happy, if I had a car. If I were rich，I would spend all my time traveling. If my nose were a little shorter I’d be quite pretty. If it weren’t for the children, we could go skiing.要不是孩子们的原因，我们就会去滑雪 3、对将来情形假设 这时从句有以下三种动词形式 1.were/did 2.were to 3.should 主句为would/should/could/might+do看看下面的例子 What would I do if I were to lose/should lose/lost my job？ If you were to move your chair a bit, we could all sit down. if it should rain/were to rain/rained tomorrow, I would not go out. If they should play/were to play / played better next time , they would not fail again
wish的虚拟语气用法
wish的虚拟语气用法 在英语学习中，必须掌握每一个单词的用法，为了帮助同学们更好 的学习英语，小编为同学们整理了wish的虚拟语气用法，供参考。 1wish的虚拟语气用法：语法1、“wish+宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，汉语可译为“可惜……”、“……就好了”、“悔不该……”、“但愿……”等。表示现在不能实 现的愿望,从句的谓语动词用过去式;表示将来不能实现的愿望,用”would(could)+动词原形”;表示过去不能实现的愿望,用”had+过去分词”或”(could) would+have+过去分词”。(1)与现在事实相反:动词过去式或were(2)与过去事实相反:主语+wish(that)+主语+动词过去完成式(3)与将来事实相反:助动词过去式+动词原形2、wish+主语+虚拟过去时wish(that)+主语+过去时，这一结构用于对目前的情况表示遗憾wish(that)+主语+过去完成时(虚拟语气)表示对过去的情况表示遗憾3、wish(that)+主语+wouldwish+主语+过去时态可以表示对现在的情况表示遗憾wish+主语+would的意思与上面所说的相似，但是它所表示的动作是从句的主语所能控制的wish与would不能使用同一个主语，否则句子就会不符合逻辑wish+主语+would也可表示对目前情况的不满以及希望能有所改变Iwishyouwould也可以用来表示请求 1wish的虚拟语气用法：短语 1.wishsbtodosth希望某人做某事如：Iwishyoutohelpmewiththis.我希望你能在这件事上帮助我.2.wishtodo希望做某事如：Iwishtogoswimmingtomorrow.3.wish+sb+sth,用于节日祝福如：Wewishyouamerrychristmasandahappynewyear!我们祝你圣诞快乐,新年愉快! 4.wish+that,也就是后接宾语从句,在这个结构里一般使用虚拟语气,也就是把从
If条件句和虚拟语气
If条件句和虚拟语气 if 条件句和虚拟语气 包含条件从句的句子叫条件句。条件句有两类：一类是真实条件句（First conditional）,一类是非真实条件句(Second Conditional)。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句；如果是纯属假设情况或是不可能发生或可能性不大的情况，则是非真实条件句。 1.真实条件句,可用if和unless引导 1）一个动作发生，另一动作随之发生 I’ll lend Peter the money if he needs it. If he has time, he will come. If he doesn’t come before 12 o’clock, we won’t wait for him. I shall go tomorrow unless it rains. I won’t go to her party unless I am invited. 2）表示命令、建议或请求,这时的if等于when If she telephones, let me know. Give my love to Lawrence if you see him. 3)will用于if从句中，不表示将来，而表示愿意或坚持的意思 If you will come this way, I’ll take you to the manager’s office. If you will get drunk every night, it’s not surprising you feel ill. 2. 非真实条件句
非真实条件句包括虚拟条件句和错综时间条件句 1）虚拟条件句分三类，其结构列表如下： If I become president, I’ll make all of my people live a happy life. (竞选总统的候选人这样说) If I became president, I’d make all of my people live a happy life. (一个小学生这样说) l 以下与现在事实相反 He wouldn’t feel so cold if he were indoors. I am sorry I am very busy just now. If I hade time, I would certainly go to the movie with you. l 以下与过去事实相反 If you had come here a little earlier, you would have met the pop star. I don’t know what would have happened if Jane hadn’t been able to speak Japanese. l 以下推测将来 If I were to do the work, I should do it in a different way. If it should rain again, what else could we do? 2) 错综时间条件句
名词性从句中的虚拟语气的用法解析-word
名词性从句中的虚拟语气 当名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）中的 谓语动词使用了某种特殊形式或者该从句使用了某些具有特定意义的名 词、形容词或分词时，可以使用虚拟语气。 1. 主语从句 (1) It is important that she (should) cooperate with us It was unnecessary that he (should) get here so early. He says it is fortunate that she (should) take the first prize. It is strange that he (should) leave without telling us. It is surprising/amazing/pleasing that she(should) win over her mother. 在“it + be + adj. + that clause ”的句型中，形容词表示“必须的”、“重要的”、“适当的”、“自然的”、“不可能的”、“紧迫的”等意义时，主语从句常用虚拟语气。这类形容词还有advisable, desirable, essential, impossible, natural, possible等。形容词表示“惊讶的”、“失望的”、“懊悔的”等意义时，主语从句常用虚拟语气。形容词是dreadful（可怕的），funny等词时，这种句型中的主语从句也可用陈述语气。 （2）It is ordered that the classroom (should) be kept in order. It is desired that every student (should) obey the school rules It is suggested that we (should) start the work at once. 表示“命令”、“建议”、“要求”意义的动词，如advise, arrange, demand, propose, recommend, request, require等用被动语态时，主语从句要用虚拟 语气。
虚拟语气的用法及专项练习题
虚拟语气的用法及专项练习题 虚拟语气表示一种假设的情况，或一种主观的愿望，即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实，或不可能实现。英语虚拟语气的形式有下列几种： 一 .虚拟语气用于条件状语从句 注意:主句中的should通常用于第一人称,would可用于任何人称,同时也可根据意思用情态动词could,might等代替should,would。 1.与现在事实相反 (1) If had the time, John would make a trip to China to see the Great Wall. (2) If I were you, I would give up drinking immediately. 2.与过去事实相反 If I’d known that it was going to rain, I would never have gone for a walk in the country. 3.与将来事实相反
If it were to/should rain tomorrow,the meeting would be putoff. If you went there next time, you would see what I mean. 4.错综时间虚拟语气 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。例如: If I were you, I would have gone home. If you had followed the doctor's advice, you would be quite all right now.(从句说的是过去,主句指的是现在。) If the weather had been more favorable ,the crops would be growing still better. 状语从句 1. 方式状语as if(as though) 如果从句表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时;表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用"had+过去分词";表示与将来事实相反,谓语动词用"would(might,could)+动词原形"。例如: (1) He looks at me as if I were mad. (2) He spoke English so fluently as if he had studied English in England.但as if(as though)后的从句也常用陈述语气,这是因为从句中的情况往往是可能发生的或可能被设想为真实的。例如:It looks as if our side is going to win. 2. 目的状语in order that,so that , lest ,for fear that等 从句谓语动词用" may/might,can/could)+动词原形"。例如: (1) She listened carefully in order that she might discover exactly what he wanted. (2) We hid behind some bushes for fear that passer-by should see us. 3. 连词引导的条件状语从句:
if从句的过去时态
if从句的过去时态 if从句的过去时态不是跟的过去时态，是虚拟语气 if i were you ,i'll take it.如果我是你我就买了。这里的were并不是说我以前就是你，这里表示的一种假设，一种不存在的情况. if后面可以接的时态 1.if引导的条件状语从句中用一般现在时态。引导条件状语从句，用一般现在时代替将来时。 这个是学过的最简单的。。 if it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go picnic.如果明天不下雨，我们去野炊吧。 2.if后可以接虚拟语气。 (1)第一种是与现在事实相反，if从句谓语用过去式或者were。 if i were you, i would go there alone.如果我是你，我会一个人去那里。(与现在事实相反，可惜现在我不是你啊。。) (2)第二种是与过去事情相反，if从句谓语用过去完成时：had+过去分词。 if he had studied hard, he would have passed the exam.如果他过去努力学习，他现在就已经通过考试了。 (3)第三种是与将来事实相反，if从句谓语用动词过去式，should +动词原形，或were to + 动词原形。 if i should do/were to do/did it, i would do it in a
different way.如果我做这个，我将会用另一种方法来做。 if条件句的时态if有两大用法，一个是译为一般的如果，一个是用作假设的如果 在 if 引导的条件状语从句中，如果从句谈论的是一个推测将来有可能发生的事实，主句用一般将来时态，从句用一般现在时态。一般译为如果，如： if it rains tomorrow,i won't go out. 如果 if 条件句谈论的是一个主观的意愿，则主句,从句大多用一般现在时态。一般译为如果，如： if you dont want to go out ,you can stay at home. if还有一个最重要的用法，用于虚拟句。表示对不可能发生的事物的一种猜测或假设的语气。 "if"条件状语从句中的虚拟语气的结构如下表： 虚拟类型从句主句 对现在情况的假设一般过去时would+动词原形 对将来情况的假设一般过去时would+动词原形 对过去情况的假设过去完成时would + have + 过去分词 一、对现在情况的假设 主要表示对不可能发生或不太可能发生的现在情况的假设，例如： if i were you ,i would not tell him.如果我是你，我不会告诉他。 二、对将来情况的假设 if i had enough time, i would certainly go.如果我有足
虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的应用
虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的应用 【经典例题】 1. If my lawyer _______ here last Saturday, he _______ me f rom going. A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would pre vent C. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented 2. If I had worn my overcoat, I _______cold. A. won’t have caught B .couldn’t have caught C. won’t catch D. wouldn’t catch 3.—If he ______ , he ______ that food. —Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken 4. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she _______, she would have met my brother. A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come 【答案与解析】 1．A．本题考查虚拟语气。因为从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，故
宾语从句.过去将来时
宾语从句（The Object Clause） 学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：连接词、语序和时态。 一.宾语从句的定义 宾语从句在复合句中起宾语的作用，可以作动词的宾语，也可以做介词的宾语 作动词的宾语: I heard that he would come here later on. 主语谓语动词一个句子作宾语 作介词的宾语: He said nothing about who broke the window last night. 主语谓语动词代词作动词的宾语介词一个句子作介词的宾语 二.宾语从句中引导词（连接词）的用法 在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有： 连词：that (that 常可省略),whether, if 代词：who, whose, what ,which 副词：when ,where, how, why 等。 ①连词： He told me (that he would) go to the college the next year 他告诉我他明年上大学. I don’t know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否还会有公交车. Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 没有人知道他是否会通过考试. that引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that可以省略） 可跟that从句做宾语的动词有： say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。 The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets. Attention：宾语从句的否定转移 当主句谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that. 主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致. I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he? 我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是? I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, won't she/he? We suppose you have finished the project, haven't you? 如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词(不包含带有否定前缀的词，如：unhappy，unfair，dislike等),其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.
if条件状语从句中虚拟语气
if条件状语从句中的虚拟语气 一、if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。 只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现， 能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气； 假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。 1. “后退一步法”后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后，按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态。即：在非真实条件状语从句中，谓语动词按正常情况“后退一步”。也就是： ①与过去事实相反，在从句中用过去完成时形式表示。 ②与现在事实相反，在从句中用过去一般时形式表示。 ③与将来事实可能相反，在从句中用过去将来时形式表示。主句中则用情态动词would, should, could 等加一个与从句一致的动词形式。 例：⑴、If I had come her yesterday, I would have seen him. ⑵、If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students. ⑶、If it should snow tomorrow, they couldn't go out. 2、注意事项： ①if条件句中如有were, should, had，可以省去if，并使用倒装语序。 ②在现代英语中if条件状与从句中的谓语动词如果是be其过去形式一般用were。 二、虚拟语气在if 引导的条件句中的用法： 1. If it weren’t for your help, we would get into trouble. 如果没有你们的帮助，我们就会陷入困境。（而事实上得到了你们的帮助） 2.If the weather were fine, I would go there. 如果天气好，我去那儿。（事实天气不好） 3.If I were you, I would read it again. 如果我是你的话，我再读一遍。（事实上我不是你） 4.If time permitted, I would write it again. 如果时间允许的话，我再写一遍。（事实上时间不允许） 5.If it weren’t snowing, we wouldn’t stay in the house. 要是现在不下雪的话，我们就不会待在屋里。（事实上现在下雪） 6.What would I do if I were in your place?要是我处于你地位我会怎么办？（事实上我不在你的位置上） 7.If he hurried, he could catch the first bus. 他要是快点能够赶上头班公共汽车。（可是他不着急） 8. If I were you, I should buy it. (从句用过去式动词were，主句用动词原形buy) 9. If I had time, I would study French. (如果有时间，我会学习法文。)（从句用过去式动词had，主句用动词原形study） 10. If she knew English, she would not ask me for help. (如果她懂英文，她就不必要我帮了。)(从句用过去式动词knew, 主句用动词原形ask) 注意：如果动作在进行中，主句要用："主语+ would be + 进行式动词+ ……" 14. If they were here, he would be speaking to them now. (从句用过去式动词were, 主句用would be speaking)
wish和hope用法归纳
wish和hope用法归纳 2008-6-16 07:50【大中小】【打印】【我要纠错】【加入 收藏】 1.作动词“希望，愿望，单愿，祝愿”讲 （1）跟不定式 e.g. I wish once again to espress our warmest welcome to you. （2）跟不定式的复合结构 e.g. You know we wish you to be happy. （3）跟带形容词的复合结构 e.g. I wish you well and happy. （4）跟双宾语 e.g. I wish you success/luck. （5）跟从句，引导词that常省略，从句中用虚拟语气（表示与现在，过去，将来相反的假设），常有三种情况： I wish I were a bird. I wish I had taken your advice. I wish I could go to university. （6）不跟宾语 e. g.? we can set to work now if you wish. 2.作名词“愿望，希望”讲 e.g. My wish came true. The needs and wishes of the masses.（群众的希望和愿望） 3.wish for希望得到
e.g. We wished for rain.我们期待下雨 4.wish和hope的异同 （1）都不能接动名词，可接不定式，意义差别不大。 （2）不能说hope sb. to do，只能说wish sb. to do. （3）hope后不能直接接名词作宾语，若要接需先接for 即hope for sth. e.g. Hope for the best，prepare for the worst. （4）wish后可跟双宾语，hope后则不能。 （5）两者后均可跟从句，hope 表“希望”，wish 表“愿望”，wish 后的从句用虚拟语气，hope后的从句不用虚拟语气。
宾语从句知识总结
知识总结： 宾语从句的重难点主要有三点：引导词、语序和时态。 连词的选择 that和what 【高考示例】 1. We should respect food and think about the people who don’t have ___________we have here and treat food nicely.（2010福建卷） A. that B. which C. what D. whether 2. As a new graduate, he doesn’t know_____it takes to start a business here.（2010天津卷) A. how B. what C. When D. which 3. Before the sales start, I make a list of ______ my kids will need for the coming season. （2010山东卷） A. why B. what C. how D. which 4. I want to be liked and loved for ______I am inside. （2010北京卷） A. who B. where C. what D. how
考点解析： 以上四题均考查what引导的宾语从句，连接代词what在宾语从句中既起连接作用，又在从句中充当成分，即主语，宾语，表语或定语；而连接词that只起连接作用，在宾语从句中不充当任何成分，常可省略。所以我们在面对这类考题时： 首先，应判断从句部分是否缺主语，宾语，表语或定语。如果缺这些成分的话，首先考虑who, whom, what, which和whose等，但要区别后三者做定语时的用法区别。which 引导名词性从句时多表示疑问且要有一个明确的范围。 第二，如果题干中不需要填入代词，需要结合语境考虑是否需要填入疑问副词when, why, where, how, whether, if等。宾语从句表示不肯定或疑问，如“是否”、“是不是”、“能否”等，就用连词if/whether来引导。 第三，如果根据语境，宾语从句是个陈述句，不需要填入疑问副词，那就用连词that 引导。 例4的难点在于我想别人喜欢我是因为“我”的内在，也就是“我”inside的品质。只有what可以指代是什么。很多同学误选A，错误地用中文语言习惯去做英文题。whether和if 【高考示例】 … but it didn't matter that I would win or not．（NMET短文改错） 此题很显然是考查 whether和if引导宾语从句的差别。答案是将that改为whether。在使用whether和if引导宾语从句时，应注意以下几种情况：
if虚拟语气
英语动词有三种语气：陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气（用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不太可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。） 虚拟语气的考点： 1.条件句中的虚拟语气的用法； 2.条件句中虚拟语气的倒装； 3.名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法； 4.几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法； 5.虚拟语气时态的判定。 一、If引导的虚拟条件句 区别： If it rains tomorrow，the crops will be saved. 陈述语气 If it rained tomorrow，the crops would be saved. 虚拟语气 真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句 真：eg.If he doesn’t hurry up,he will miss the bus. 如果他不快点，他将错过巴士。(真实条件状语)（不是虚拟语气） If he is free,he will ask me to tell stories. 如果他是空闲的，他会要求我讲故事。（真实条件状语）（不是虚拟语气） 非真：eg.If I were you,I would go at once. 如果我是你，我马上就会去。（非真实条件状语从句） 二、虚拟语气在条件从句中： 【例句】1.If you had come a few minutes earlier，you would have met him. 要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。（与过去事实相反）
2.If it were sunny tomorrow，i would come to see you. 明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。（与将来事实可能相反） 3.If i were you，i would go at once. 假如我是你的话，我会马上走。（与现在事实相反，事实上我不可能是你）主从句的谓语形式 （一）与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句 表示与现在事实相反的情况， 例1.If I were you,I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你） 2.If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道） 3.If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水) 4.If I had any money with me,I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没带钱） 5.If he studied harder,he might pass the exam. 如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。（事实：没有努力
虚拟语气用法大全
1．虚拟语气在条件句中的用法 （1）若表示与现在事实相反的假设，则条件从句中用过去式，主句中用过去将来式（would，should，could，might + 动词原形）；若表示某事将来实现的可能性不大，则条件从句中用should + 动词原形也可用“were to+动词原形”或用过去式动词。如： 2）若表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句中用过去完成式，主句中用过去将来完成式（should，would，could，might + have + 过去分词）。如： busy． （3）含有虚拟语气的条件状语从句中，如有had，should，were 这三个词的话，在正式或书面语言中可将if省略，再将句子的主语和谓语动词实行全部倒装或部分倒装。如： （4）若主句从句所指的时间不一致，即条件从句表示与过去事实相反，主句表示与现在事实相反；或者条件从句表示与现在事实相反，主句表真实情况，则从句中应采用与具体时间相对应的虚拟形式。如： 2．虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法 在动词suggest，order，demand，propose，request，command，insist等后的宾语从句中，用虚拟语气（即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形）来表示愿望、建议、命令、请求等。在动词wish /would rather后的宾语从句中，用过去式表示与现在事实不符，用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符。如： 3．虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法 在It is necessary/important/strange/natural；It is requested/suggested/desired/proposed；it is a pity等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气，即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如： 4．虚拟语气在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法。 在 suggestion， proposal，idea，plan，order，advice等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形或只用动词原形 5．虚拟语气在其他状语从句中的用法 在as if引导的状语从句中，用过去式表示与现在事实不符，用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符；在so that，in order that引导的状语从句中，常用should/would/could/might+动词原形来表示虚拟语气。 6．虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法： 在it is time后面的定语从句中常用过去式表示虚拟语气。 虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。 Ⅰ用以表示虚拟条件的虚拟语气 ⒈ 用if条件从句表示的虚拟条件，是虚拟条件最普通的方式。 ① 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过
高中英语语法：状语从句中的虚拟语气
高中英语语法：状语从句中的虚拟语气 方式状语从句 由as if 或as though引导的状语从句可以用陈述语气表示可能符合事实的情况，也可以用虚拟语气表示与事实不符或与事实相反的情况。 ①表示与现在事实不相符，用一般过去时 The teacher treats the pupil as if he were her own child. 这位老师对待这位学生就像自己的亲生孩子一样。（这位学生并不是她的亲生孩子） ②表示与过去事实不相符，用过去完成时 I felt as though we had known each other for years. 我感觉我们好像认识多年了。（其实并没有认识多年） ③表示与将来事实不相符，用would/might/could It looks as if it might rain. 天看上去好像要下雨。（不大可能下雨） 对比： He looks as if he is young.
看样子他好像很年轻。（他就是年轻） He looks as if he were young. 看样子他好像很年轻。（实际上他不年轻） 2目的状语从句 ①由in case, lest, for fear that引导的目的状语从句，动词用“should + 动词原形”结构，表示忧虑或目的。 Please remind me of it again tomorrow in case I (should) forget. 请你明天再提醒我这件事，以免我忘记。 She emphasized it again and again, lest he (should) forget. 她一再强调这一点免得他忘记。 We had a meeting and talked the matter over face to face for fear that there should be any misunderstanding. 我们开了一个会，面对面谈了这件事，以免发生任何误会. ②在in order that和so that引导的目的状语从句中，往往用can(could)或 may(might)。
名词性从句中的虚拟语气(讲义)
1. 通过本课的学习，能够全面掌握名词性从句中虚拟语气的基本用法。 2. 通过本课的学习，能够初步了解虚拟语气在不同类型名词性从句中的具体用法。 重点：掌握与坚持、命令、建议、要求四类词相关名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法。 难点：wish宾语从句中虚拟语气的用法。 近几年高考对于虚拟语气的考查主要集中在语法填空和书面表达中，语法填空涉及动词提示词的填空中多次出现对虚拟语气的考查，考查难度不大。 一、主语从句中的虚拟语气： 1. It is／was + 形容词+ that从句 当形容词为important, necessary，strange，natural，appropriate, proper, right, desirable, essential, surprising, unthinkable等或名词短语a good idea时。 2. It is／was + a pity / a shame / a surprise / no wonder + that从句 3. It is demanded / suggested / ordered / required / ….that-clause 注意： 这种主语从句由连词that引导，虚拟语气为“（should）动词原形”。其中should可省略。should 常译成“应该、必须、竟然”。 It is important and necessary that we (should) master a foreign language. 精通一门外语对我们来说是重要而且必要的。 It is proper that an independent inquiry (should) take place. 进行独立调查很合适。 It is strange that he (should) refuse your help. 他竟然拒绝你的帮助真是奇怪。 It is surprising that you (should) not understand me! 你竟然不理解我，真令人吃惊！ It’s a pity that you (should) miss a good chance. 你竟然错过一个好机会真是遗憾。 It is suggested that he (should) not spend too much time watching TV. 有人建议他不应该花太多时间看电视。 It is proposed that the plan (should) be delayed. 有人建议推迟这项计划。 —Yang Liwei has won great honour for our country. —Who is Yang Liwei? —What a question! It is surprising ________ the first spaceman in China. A. you didn’t know our national hero B. to you not to know him C. you should know nothing about D. you knew nothing about 答案：C 思路分析：在it is surprising后的that从句中，谓语要用“should +动词原形”，其中should 含“竟然”之意，是最佳答案。 二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气： 1. wish后宾语从句须用虚拟语气：⑴表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语须用过去式（were）；⑵表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句谓语须用had+过去分词；⑶表示将来没有把握或者不大可能实现的愿望，从句谓语须用would / could / might+动词原形。
虚拟语气在if条件从句中的用法
虚拟语气在if条件从句中的用法 在if 引导的虚拟条件句中，若表示与现在事实相反，从句谓语用“动词过去式（be 的过去式用were ）,主句谓语用“would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词”；若表示与将来事实相反，从句谓语用“动词过去式（were to +动词原形，should+动词原形）”，主句谓语用“would(should, could, might)+动词原形”。若把从句中were, should 或had移到句首，可省略从句的连词 if 并使用倒装语序. ① If my lawyer ___here last Saturday ,he ____me from going.(NMET’89) A. had been ;would have prevented B. had been ; would prevent C. were ;would prevent D. were;would have prevented ②---If he ____,he ____that food. --Luckily he was sent to the hospital imme diately.(MET’93) A. was warned ;would not take B. had been warned ;would not have taken C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken ③I didn’t see your sister at the meeting .If she ___,she would have met my brother.(NMET’94) A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come ④____it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.(1994,上海) A. Were B. should C. Would D. Will 2．考查通过上下文或介词短语表示虚拟条件的虚拟语气的用法在英语中，有时假 设的条件不是通过if 条件句表达出来，而是通过上下文或without, but for 等 介词构成的短语表达，其谓形式要根据所假设的时间，与if 从句所表达的时间对应，确定主句谓语形式。 [考例]⑤Without electricity human life ____quite different today.(NMET’91) A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be ⑥I told Sally how to get here ,but perhaps I ____for her .(NMET’94) A. had to write out B. must have written it out C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out