大学英语图表作文(教学版,含范文,常用句型)

大学英语图表作文(教学版,含范文,常用句型)
大学英语图表作文(教学版,含范文,常用句型)

图表作文

图表作文体裁介于说明文和议论文之间。图表作文的题型实质上属于“受控制作文”的范畴。考生在作文中涉及的主要信息是由试题提供的,“信息源”是试题的表格、图形等,当然也会有些简单的文字说明附在图表上。这类试题一般要求考生用英文对图表中的数据、图像等所提供的信息作客观叙述,并且加以分析理解,然后得出正确结论或做出简短评论。

在进行图表作文之前,必须认真地审题,吃透要求,研究图表所传递的所有信息。图表上方或下方的文字通常是其主题,而图表中的文字和说明实质上就是作文中的关键词。只有在深入研究和透彻理解所提供信息的基础上进行分析、比较,发表看法和下结论时,才不易出差错。千万不要因为赶时间而匆匆动笔。下笔之前,应在纸上列出提纲,保证文章有条理,确保内容符合题目要求,没有遗漏。

图表作文一般分为三段,第一段通常阐述主题并描述图表的客观概况。第二段对图中最有意义或最重要的信息进行描述、归纳或分析说明其原因。第三段写出结论或评论,有的时候会提出解决问题的方法。

图表主要有以下几种样式:表格、圆形图、条形图及曲线图。

图表写作常用的句型

图表所表示的内容可以千百万化,但“万变不离其宗”,超不出这几种基本图型,因此考生记住一些常用的句型是有必要的,以免应试时搜肠刮肚。

在写作时,可以运用以下句型:

句型Ⅰ

the

句型Ⅱ

It can be seen from the

...

句型Ⅲ

The

句型Ⅳ

句型Ⅴ

句型Ⅵ

表格

表格(Table)是人们最熟悉的图表,其最大特点是使大量的数据分门别类地系统化,直观易读,有利于进行各类有关数据的比较。表格的主要组成部分为:表名 (Title)、表头 (Box head)、侧目 (Stub) 和主体 (Body)。例如:

The Female Disadvantages

Adult Literacy Rate

Life

Expectancy

Wages as

XXX% of

Men’s

Egypt 37% 65 years 68 Hong Kong 87% 82 years 69

South Korea 96% 75 years 50

表名:The Female Disadvantages

表头:Adult Literacy Rate, Life Expectancy, Wages as XXX% of Men’s

侧目:Egypt, Hong Kong, South Korea

主体:有关数据

阅读表格时,要从纵向和横向获取信息,找出各项目间的关系,以及各数据的异同、变化或规律。正如表名所示,表格的内容是谈妇女的不利情况,从表头上可以看出:成人识字率;期望生存寿命;与男子相比的工资情况。侧目告诉我们有关国家(地区)的名字。通过比较,可以看出妇女受教育程度,最高为韩国,最低为埃及。期望寿命最长为香港,最短为埃及。在收入上,香港妇女的工资为男子的69%,名次最高,韩国妇女为男子的50%,名次最低,埃及比香港只低一个百分点,比较接近。这些仅仅是表层的直观的信息,常常只是写作的第一步,考生应按试题要求去挖掘深层的信息,这深层信息对于得分的高低影响很大。从上面图表中,我们可以提取出在这三个国家(地区)之间的共同点:妇女仍然受到不平等的待遇,这集中反映在受教育和工资收入上。韩国妇女虽然识字率很高,但工资收入比率最低,这也说明该国妇女地位仍然不高。基本状况最差的要算埃及妇女:识字率最低、期望寿命最短。如有必要,我们可以就这些事实发表自己的感想,如真正的男女平等还有很长的路要走,妇女连经济上的平等也得不到的时候,政治上的平等只能是奢谈……在图表作文中,“深层信息”主要是通过应试者的分析、比较来提取,这种素质的形成非一日之功,其实,只要我们肯多动脑筋,善于从多角度去观察、分析试题提供的信息,拓宽自己的思路,总会发现还是“有话可说”的。请看一位学生根据上面表格写成的短文:

Are Women on an Equal Footing with Men?

Are women nowadays on an equal footing with men? Before we arrive at a conclusion, let us examine the information available in the table.

As shown in the table, the life expectancies of the three countries or regions (Egypt, Hong Kong and South Korea) are all over sixty years, but there is a huge gap between those of the industrialized country or region and that of the developing country Egypt. South Korean women can expect to live a life ten years longer than that of Egyptian women, and Hong Kong women will enjoy a life-span seventeen years longer than that of Egyptian women. In terms of adult literacy, the women of South Korea have the highest rate of 96%, the women of Hong Kong have a rate of 87% and Egyptian women are the most unlucky with a rate of 37%! The most striking disadvantage of women is the wages they receive. The women of Hong Kong receive 69 percent of the wages as paid to men; the women of South Korea are the most hit:their pay is only half as much as men’s.

From the information above, we can conclude that the status of women is not quite satisfactory. Women are still faced with various kinds of disadvantages, education and pay in particular. “Equal right for women” remains an empty promise. There is still a long, long way to go before women are really on an equal footing with men.

该短文是典型的“三段论”。引言段以设问开始,但并没有作回答,只是为导入表格的信息作铺垫。第二段重点介绍表格的内容,条理清楚,句式也有变化。在结尾段里,作者提出自己的看法,同时也解答了短文开头的设问。

在英语短文试题中,如果是图表题,图表所含的信息量不会太多,图表本身也不会太复杂难懂,其真正的难点是挖掘图表背后的深层的信息,即该图表要揭示什么。只要仔细阅读图表,拓宽思路,就一定能正确理解所给信息之意图,发现问题并予以评论,更或可以指出解决之道。

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