七年级语法 _ 数词的用法

七年级语法 _ 数词的用法
七年级语法 _ 数词的用法

数词的用法

1 概念引入

数词是指表示数目多少或顺序先后的词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词,如 one, five, ten, thirty, sixty-five

等;表示顺序先后的数词叫序数词,如 first, sixth, tenth, twenty-first 等。数词用法相当于名词和形容词,在

句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语等。

2 用法讲解

一、基数词。

1. 基数词的写法或读法。

(1)对于20以内的基本的数字,需要同学们牢记。要注意其中的一些规律。例如:

13-19的数字都是“-teen”结尾等。

(2)十位数与个位数之间要加连字符。例如:

23→twenty-three

(3)百位数与个位数之间要加and。例如:

201→ two hundred and one 642→ six hundred and forty-two

拓展:除此之外,较大的数字是将数字由右向左每三位加一个逗号,使一个数字分成几个小节,第一个逗号前用thousand(千),第二个逗号前用million(百万),第三个逗号前用billion(十亿),然后依次读出(写

出)。例如:

68,343 sixty-eight thousand, three hundred and forty-three

13, 526, 300 thirteen million, five hundred and twenty-six thousand, three hundred

注意:英语中没有“万”和“亿”这两个单位,只有“百万(million)”和“十亿(billion)”;因此“一万”是用10个

千,也就是“ten thousand”来表示的,“一亿”是用“one hundred million”来表示的。

2. 基数词的用法

(1)表示确切数目时,hundred,thousand和million只能用单数,不能变复数;但表示不确定的数目时,要

用复数形式,并且要加上of。

例如:five hundred 五百three thousand 三千

hundreds of 成百上千的thousands of 成千上万的millions of 数百万的

(2)基数词可以用来表示时间。例如:

7:30 seven thirty / half past seven

6:45 six forty-five / a quarter to seven

8:00 eight o’clock

(3)基数词可以用来表示年代。例如:

1980年,读作nineteen eighty

2005年,读作two thousand and five

(4)基数词可以用来表示事物的编号。例如:

第209房间→ Room 209

第三部分→ Section 3/Part 3

南京路308号→ 308 Nanjing Road

电话号码3698688→ TEL 3698688

(5)基数词可以用于某些数学算式。例如:

3+2=5 Three and two is five。(三加二等于五)

10-5=5 Ten minus five is five。(十减五等于五)

(6)基数词可以用来表示年龄。例如:

She is five years old. 她五岁了。

in his twenties 在他二十几岁时

二、序数词

1. 基数词变序数词的方法。

(1)序数词是由基数词在词尾加-th构成,表示顺序的数词。它的前面一般要用定冠词the。例如:the sixth

第六。

(2)序数词的1,2,3这三个数字是特殊变化,即它们不是在基数词的后面加-th,需要特别记忆和掌握。第一是:first,第二是:second,第三是:third。

(3)从第四到第十九的序数词都是在基数词的后面加-th,但要注意:第五是fifth,第八是eighth,第九是ninth,第十二是twelfth这几个特殊变化。

(4)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的基数词,变为序数词时,把字母y改为ie再加-th。例如:twenty-twentieth第二十,forty-fortieth第四十。

(5)从二十一到九十九的序数词(整十数除外),前面的十位数用基数词,后面的个位数用序数词,中间用连字符号连接。例如:

twenty-four-twenty-fourth第二十四。

(6)第一百、第一千、第一百万分别在相对应的基数词的后面直接加-th。即:

hundredth,thousandth,millionth。

拓展:序数词的缩写形式。

序数词的缩写形式由阿拉伯数字加上序数词的最后两个字母构成。前三个数字是特殊情况,分别是:first→1st second→2nd third→3rd

以后的均是在最后的数字后加“-th”即可。

例如:forth→4th twenty-first→21st ninety-fifth→95th

2. 序数词的用法。

(1)序数词的前面一般要用定冠词the表示第几的意思。例如:

You are the second one to know the way. 你是第二个知道方法的人。

(2)表示编号的时候,经常把基数词放在名词的前面表示顺序,相当于the+序数词+名词,也可以用“名词+基数词”。例如:Lesson Five=the fifth lesson 第五课。

(3)表示分数的时候,分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当分子大于1的时候,分母用复数形式。例如:2/5 two fifths。

(4)序数词在名词的前面经常作定语修饰名词,但是当名词的前面已经有了物主代词的时候,序数词的前面不再用定冠词the。例如:

This is my third question. 这是我的第三个问题。

(5)序数词可以表示日期。例如:

March 18th, 1978 (1978年3月18日)

注意:数词的用法除了以上讲到的基数词和序数词的用法之外,还有小数的用法,倍数的表达法等,我们会在以后的学习中逐渐学到。

巩固练习

7. B。在几月几号,应该用介词on。

8. D。几岁应该用基数词,因为Tom只是个中学生,所以不可能是30岁,因此选D。

9. A。二月通常有28天。

10. C。星期天是一周的第一天,所以选C。

真题链接

1. D。表示数字的hundred,thousand和million,前面有具体数字修饰时,不加-s,与of连用表示一个概数时,要加-s。

2.D。根据句意,问句用序数词,表示“第十五个生日”,答语用基数词,表示“大约15个朋友”。3.A。句意:Helen爱读书。她这个月已经读了五本了修饰books应该用基数词five。

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