新托福阅读做题方法讲解

新托福阅读做题方法讲解
新托福阅读做题方法讲解

新托福阅读做题方法讲解

题型来看,TOEFL阅读的特点是题量大,涉及的词汇面广。要想考好阅读,不光凭扎实的英语基础,而且还讲求做题策略。

读文章的方法

第一步:花两三分钟时间扫描每篇文章头一两个句子,定位文章难易程度。虽然平均每篇文章做题时间为11分钟,但是有的文章七八分钟便可以轻松对付,有的文章则需要15分钟左右。一般来说,5篇文章中有2篇难度大一些,比方说:如果最后一篇文章难度大,且12-14道题,在这种情况下,按部就班做题就有可能因时间不够而做错好几道题,带来巨大的损失。因此首先定位文章难程度,同时目测文章的含金量(即题量分布),有助于科学分配阅读部分的做题时间。

第二步:采取"结构扫描"法阅读具体的一篇文章。所谓结构,即文章的骨架子。TOEFL 文章是纯学术体(Academic),是北美国际留学生在大学里天天都能接触到的教科书风格的文章,这些文章涉及人文社科和自然科学,均议论文、说明文,最显著的特点是呈板块结构。

TOEFL文章均由数个自然段组成,正确的阅读文章的方法应该是把文章首句先吃透,文章首句经常为文章主题。然后把首段的其他句子尽快略读,文章其他段落采取同样的方法阅读。各段落其他句子一般来说都是用来说明各个段落的主题句,没有必要每个句子理解难度大,而不涉及考题,在此句停留无疑是白白浪费时间。所以,采取"结构扫描"法,意味着以最快捷的方式了解文章大意,从而正确引导下一步做具体的题,而不至于出现大方向的理解错误。

托福阅读做题的方法

1.做题总则:

文章大致看完之后,才能开始做题。做题时,应牢记以下几点:

(1)每篇文章的题目基本上根据文章布局一步一步向前推进,即使有个别题打乱文章布局,在题干里总是有提供信息的关键词将考生带入文章的具体部位。

(2)做题时,根据题干或选项的关键词回归文章寻找重现关键词或其释义的语言区域,同时排除相应的选项。

(3)到难句子时,最直接有效的方式就是对其进行句子结构分析,迅速把握整个句子的意思,不要盯着单个的词不放,不然就会因小失大。

(4)每个问题的四个选项或者是对文章中相关部分的正确释度、或者是歪曲原文、或者与原文毫不相干。换句话说,命题专家在设置试题时会玩一些文字游戏,用各种表达形式让考生晕头转向、雾里看花。考生应该明白自己的职责是辨别真伪,找到合符文章意思和题意的选项。

2.区别对待几种题:

(1)主旨题。主旨题有三种:A、作者的意图;B、文章标题;C、文章的中心思想。这种题一般为第一道题,建议考生把这道题放在最后做,因为做其他题时,考生会逐步了解文章的各个细节,在做题的过程中就会对文章个总的理解,最后处理主旨题可谓水到渠成、万无一失。

(2)列举题。列举题有两种:A、一正三误;B、三正误。也可分为四类。第一类:一句话列举。根据某个选项的语言提示,回归文章找到一句话,这句话包含三个选项的内容;第二类:局部列举。根据题意,回归文章发现连续两三句话涉及三个选项的内容;第三类:段落列举。题干语言在某自然段首句重现。这个句子为段落主题句,即三个选项的内容在这段出现,不涉及到其他段落;第四类:文章列举。选项内容涉及整个文章。一句话列举题和段落列举题有明显的信号词帮助答题,根据题序做题,不必区别对待。文章列举题和局部列举题则应放其他题做完之后再处理。

(3)文章结论题。文章结论题即根据文章可以推断出下面哪个选项结论是正确的,题干没有任何语言信号词。这种题有以下几种布局:为文章第一道题时,相当于文章主旨题,应放在最后一道题时,有可能针对文章最后部分,也有可能针对整篇文章,但不大可能涉及文章其他部分的细节。所以文章结论题应该具体情况具体分析,并不一定是面对整个文章。

(4)作者态度题。作者态度题分为两种:A、局部作者态度题;B、整体作者态度题。文章最后一道题问及作者态度时为整体作者态度题,它涉及通篇文章,要根据整个文章数个语言点串起来的一根主线答题,也就是作者行文的口气。考生千万不可以根据某一个语言点答题,因为整体作者态度题不是考核某一个点,而是考整体感觉。局部作者态度题位置比较灵活,往往问及作者对文章中某一个具体内容的看法,题干通常信号请将考生带回文章某一区域,考查考生对某个语言点的理解。有时候,某个选项从作者的表达相悖,因此,做作者态度题时,考生一定注意不要把自己作为读者的分析、观点强加于作者。

(5)文章想方设法题。文章结构题三种:A、文章前面的段落内容是什么?B、文章下面接着将要讲什么?C、文章组织结构是什么?推断文章前面的内容立足于文章首句,因为文章首句承上启下,尤其注意首句中诸如this、so、other than之类的结构词。预测下文的内容则分两步走:第一、读文章每段首句,文章每段首句表示文章内容的逻辑走向。如果文章讲述某一事物的两个阶段或方面,下文将介绍这一事物的第三个阶段或方面。我们把预测下文内容的题称之为坐标题,即竖看文章每段首句,横看文章最后一句,其他句子是文章所讲内容,而不是下面将要讲的内容,往往选项干扰来自文章所讲内容。至于文章的组织结构题,只需要读文章每段首句即可,因为这些句子是文章框架。

以上五种题基本上都涉及整个文章,如果考生对这些题的规律及对策没有清楚的认识,就会在做这些题时耗费大量的时间,甚至影响做其他题的情绪。

TOEFL主要是考查非英语国家的留学生是否具备一定的英语知识和实际运用能力以适应北美高校的学业要求,所以试卷内容和文体的学术性比较突出。这就决定了考生在应试TOEFL阅读理解部分时应遵循其自身的规律而采取有效的策略。

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