高考英语 句子成分及句子结构

高考英语 句子成分及句子结构
高考英语 句子成分及句子结构

句子成分

一、句子成分

句子成分:组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。

即:主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语和同位语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。表语、宾语、宾语补足语都是谓语的组成部分。

1、主语:是表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”,一般由名词、代词或相当

于名词的词、短语和从句等充当。例如:

Mr. Cheng is an English teacher.程先生是英语教师

He teaches English in No. 5 Middle School. 他在五中教英语。

To be a good teacher is not easy. 要当一位好老师并不容易。

The accused was sentenced to death.被指控者被判处死刑。

Her beloved died in the war. 她敬爱的人死于战场。

What he said is reasonable. 他说的话有道理。

2、谓语:是说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或者“怎么样”。谓语(谓语部分里的主要词)用动词。谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两个方面必须保持一致。例如:

We love China. 我热爱中国。

Mr. Cheng hopes to be a good teacher.程先生希望当一位好教师。

3、表语:是说明主语是什么或者怎么样。由名词、代词、数词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词、短语或从句等充当,和连系动词一起构成谓语。例如:

My father is a teacher. 我父亲是教师。

His work is to teach English . 他的工作是教英语。

Are you ready? 你准备好了吗?

That’s what I should do. 这是我应该做的。

4、宾语:是表示动作行为的对象。由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词或相当于名词的词、短语或从句等充当宾语,和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。例如:

He often helps me. 他经常帮助我。

We study English at school.我们在学校学习英语。

I wish to be a good teacher. 我希望成为一位好教师。

We enjoy sharing their work experience.我们喜欢分享他们的工作经验。

We seldom realize that many plants actually come from countries far away.我们很少有人知道很多植物来自远方的国家。

5、宾语补足语:是用来对宾语进行补充说明。作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词(短语)、过去分词(短语)和动词不定式(短语)。例如:

We made him monitor. 我们选他当班长。

He often makes his mother angry. 他经常惹妈妈生气。

Who took my bag away by mistake? 谁误拿了我的书包?

When he came to life, he found himself in hospital. 当他醒来的时候发现自己住院了。

注①:宾语与作宾语补足语的名词、形容词、副词、介词短语之间是逻辑上的主表关系。

I heard her singing when I went by the room. 我从房间旁边路过的时候听见他在唱歌。

He had his hair cut yesterday. 他昨天请人理了发。

The teacher told us to study hard. 老师叫我们好好学习。

注②:宾语与作宾语补足语的现在分词(短语)、过去分词(短语)和动词不定式(短语)之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。

6、定语:是用来修饰名词或代词。作定语的除形容词外,还有代词、数词、名词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词、短语或从句等。

The red bike is mine. 红色的自行车是我的。

We have four lessons in the morning. 我们上午四节课。

What is your name?你叫什么名字?

I have no work to do now. 我现在没有工作要做。

This is the desk whose leg is broken.这就那张断腿的课桌。

7、状语:是用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、程度等意义,通常由副词、介词短语或相当于副词的词、短语或从句等来充当状语。例如;

We are working hard. 我们学习很努力。

She is very beautiful. 她长得很漂亮。

They had a meeting this afternoon. 今天下午我们开会了。

He comes to study English every day. 他每天来这里学英语。

He sings very well.

There are lots of sheep where I live. 我住的地方有很多绵羊。

8.同位语:主要用作对名词做进一步解释。它可以是单词、短语或从句。例如:

Mao Zedong, a great leader, led the Chinese in founding the People’s Republic of China. 毛泽东一位伟大的领袖带领中国人建立了中华人民共和国。

A student of mine, Mary, works hard at Chinese. 我的一位学生,玛丽,学习汉语很用功。

He asked me a question whether I liked English. 他问了我一个问题我是否喜欢英语。

二、基本句子结构

1)主语 + 系词 + 表语

They are busy.

2)主语 + 动词

She cried.

3)主语 + 动词 + 宾语

She studies English.

4)主语 + 动词 + 间宾 + 直宾

Mum bought me a new dress.

5)主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + 宾补

We asked him to come back.

6)There be + 主语 + 地点/时间状语

我们利用下面口诀记忆英语句子结构。

“主、系、表,主、谓(宾),

主语加谓语,加上间直宾,

若有宾语补足语,紧把宾语跟。”

注意:间——间接宾语(人)直——直接宾语(物)

高中英语句子成分划分详解(全)

Grammar of Unit 1 Different parts of a sentence 概念 句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子的成分包括:主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接和间接宾语)、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分(在英语中,一般句子必须有主语和谓语),表语、宾语和宾语的补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成份如定语和状语是句子的次要成分。 ▲句子成分分类 1.主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当,也有从句充当的现象。大多数主语都在句首。如: 讲述“谁”We work in a big factory. 讲述“什么”The classroom is very big. 数词作主语Three are enough. 三个人就够了 不定式作主语To operate on the blind is one of the ORBIS Doctor’s job. 从句作主语What we need is food. 我们最需要的是食物. ▲在“There be …”句型中,主语的位置在中间。如:

There are some bottles of milk in the box. ▲在个别句型中,主语在整个句子后面,这时前面用it作形式主语。如: It is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick”. It took two workers about three months to build the house. 2.谓语 谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”,谓语必须是动词,谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。如: He is very generous. She looks very smart and cool We have finished the job. He can speak German. 3.表语 表语说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、介词、副词、不定式及相当于名词的词或短语来充当,它的位置在系动词后面。 形容词作表语You look younger than before.名词作表语My father is a teacher. 副词作表语Everyone is here. 介词短语作表语They are at the theatre. 不定式作表语My job is to teach them English. 动名词作表语Her job is training the nurses. 从句作表语That is why he didn’t come to school yesterday.

英语句子结构分析报告讲解

定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分; 主要成分:主语和谓语 次要成分:表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语 I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday . 主语谓语定语宾语同位语状语 ㈠主语(subject) 句子说明的人或事物 Jane is good at playing the piano.(名词) She went out in a hurry.(代词) Four plus four is eight.(数词) To see is to believe.(不定式) Smoking is bad for health.(动名词) The young should respect the old.(名词化的形容词) What he has said is true. (句子) 找出下列句中的主语:1、The sun rises in the east. 2、Twenty years is a short time in history. 3、The poor are now living in the shelter. 4、Seeing is believing. 5、To see is to believe. 6、He likes dancing.

7、What he needs is a book. 8、It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. ㈡谓语 说明主语的动作、状态和特征 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语:由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing. 找出下列句中的谓语(注:只有动词才可作谓语。): 1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English. 4. She seems tired. (三)宾语动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语Show your passport, please. (名词) She didn't say anything. (代词) How many do you want? - I want two. (数词) They sent the injured to hospital. (名词化的形容词) They asked to see my passport. (不定式) I enjoy working with you. (动名词) Did you write down what he said? (句子)

初中英语五种基本句型结构

初中---五种基本句型 中考对五种基本句型的考查主要集中在以下几方面: 1. 掌握五种基本句型的基本用法。 2. 掌握五种基本句型在用法上的区别。 中考考查这部分内容时的题型和大体分值为: 单选(1分) 写句子(1分) 写作(1-2分) 阅读理解(1-2分) 一、知识精讲 五种基本句型是句子最基本的组成部分。掌握了这五种基本句型,在阅读中当我们遇到较复杂的句子时,运用这些基本句型,对句子的分析就会变得容易多了。在写作中,首先要能运用好这些基本句型,才能得到高分。 (一)五种基本句型的句子成分: 1. 句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分包括主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语等。 2. 主语(subject):主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。 【例句】 We often speak English in class. 我们在课上经常说英语。 Smoking does harm to the health. 吸烟对健康有害。 The rich should help the poor. 富有的人应该帮助贫困的人。 3. 谓语(verb):谓语可用来说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词常在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。分及物动词和不及物动词两种。 【例句】 He practices running every morning. 他每天早晨练习跑步。 I have caught a bad cold. 我得了重感冒。 We like helping the people in trouble 我们喜欢帮助那些处于困境中的人。

高中英语句子结构、成分分析-直接打印版

句子成分(Members of a Sentence) 什么叫句子成分呢?句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)。 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下: 一.SV(主+谓)二:SVP(主+系+表)三:SVO(主+谓+宾) 四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补) 基本句型一:SV(主+谓) 主语:可以作主语的成分有名词,主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家! 谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。S│V不及物动词)1. The sun │was shining. 2. The moon │rose. 3. The universe │remains. 4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 5. Who │cares? 6. What he said │do es not matter. 7. They │talked for half an hour. 8. The pen │writes smoothly 基本句型二:SVP(主+系+表) 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类,表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词:look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好,smell bad/难闻 S│V(是系动词)│ PHis face │turned │red. 1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinner │smells │good. 3. He │fell │in love. 4. Everything │looks │different. 5.He│is growing │tall and strong. 6. The trouble│is │that they are short of money. 7. Our well │has gone │dry. There be 结构:There be 表示‘存在有’。这里的there没有实际意义,不可与副词‘there那里’混淆。此结构后跟名词,表示‘(存在)有某事物’ 试比较:There is a boy there.(那儿有一个男孩。)/前一个there无实意,后一个there为副词‘那里’。基本句型三:SVO(主+谓+宾) 此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语构成一样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’,如:me,him,them等S│V及物动词│O1.Who │knows │the answer? 2. She │smiled │her thanks. 3.He │has refused │to help them. 4. He │enjoys │reading. 5.They │ate │what was left over. 6. He │said │"Good morning." 7.I │want │to have a cup of tea. 8. He │admits │that he was mistaken. 基本句型四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾) 有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,如:give给,pass递,bring带,show显示。这两个宾语通常人为间接宾语;物为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。一般的顺序为:动词+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语。如:Give me a cup of tea,please. 强调间接宾语顺序为:动词+ 直接宾语+介词+ 间接宾语。如: Show this house to Mr.Smith. 若直接宾语为人称代词:动词+ 代词直接宾语+介词+ 间接宾语。如:Bring it to me,please. S│V及物│o多指人)│O(多指物)1. She │ordered │herself │a new dress. 2. He │brought │you │a dictionary. 3.She │cooked │her husband │a delicious meal. 4. He │denies │her │nothing. 5. I │showed │him │my pictures. 6. I │gave │my car │a wash. 7. I │told │him │that the bus was late. 8. He │showed │me │how to run the machine. 基本句型五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补) 此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。 宾语补足语:位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系,它们一起构成复合宾语。 1 / 6

2019届高考英语句子成分

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英语句子成分、句子结构讲解及练习

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