多维教程熟谙课后答案

多维教程熟谙课后答案

【篇一：研究生英语多维教程熟谙(正文翻译+课后练习

参考答案)】

xt>当代的大学生对他们在社会中所扮演的角色的认识模糊不清。他们致力于寻求在他们看来似乎是最现实的东西：追求安全保障，追逐物质财富的积累。年轻人努力想使自己成人成才、有所作为，但他们对未来的认识还是很模糊的。处于像他们这样前程未定的年龄阶段，他们该信仰什么?大学生一直在寻找真我的所在，寻找生活的意义。一如芸芸众生的我们，他们也陷入了两难的境地。一方面，他们崇尚奉献于人的理想主义，而另一方面，他们又经不住自身利益的诱惑，陷入利己主义的世界里欲罢不能。

最终而言，大学教育素质的衡量取决于毕业生是否愿意为他们所处的社会和赖以生存的城市作出贡献。尼布尔曾经写道：“一个人只有意识到对社会所负有的责任，他才能够认识到自身的潜力。一个人如果一味地以自我为中心，他将会失去自我。”本科教育必须对这种带有理想主义色彩的观念进行自我深省，使学生超越以自我为中心的观念，以诚相待，服务社会。在这一个竞争激烈＼残酷的社会，人们期望大学生能报以正直、文明，，甚至富有同情心的人格品质去与人竞争，这是否已是一种奢望?人们期望大学的人文教育会有助于培养学生的人际交往能力，如今是否仍然适合?

毫无疑问，大学生应该履行公民的义务。美国的教育必须立刻采

取行动，使教育理所当然地承担起弥合公共政策与公众的理解程度之间的极具危险性且在日益加深的沟壑这一职责。那些要求人们积极思考政府的议程并提供富于创意的意见的信息似乎越来越让我们感到事不关己。所以很多人认为想通过公众的参与来解决复杂的公共问题已不再可能行得通。设想，怎么可能让一些非专业人士去讨论必然带来相应后果的政府决策的问题，而他们甚至连语言的使用都存在困难?

核能的使用应该扩大还是削弱?水资源能保证充足的供应吗?怎样控制军备竞赛?大气污染的安全标准是多少?甚至连人类的起源与灭绝这样近乎玄乎的问题也会被列入政治议事日程。

类似的一头雾水的感觉，公众曾经尝试过。当他们试图弄懂有关“星球大战”的辩论的问题时，那些关于“威慑”与“反威慑”等高科技的专业术语，曾让公众一筹莫展。像地方的区域规划，学校种族隔

离制的废除，排水系统的问题，公共交通的治理，以及申请获得正

在相互竞争的有线电视公司的许可证等这些曾经看起来只是一些地

方性事务的事情，现在也需要专家采解决。这些专家的辩论充满着

技术术语，常常使问题变得让人迷惑不解而不会使问题云开雾散，

清晰明了。公共生活的复杂性，要求更多＼而非更少的信息资料；

需要更积极＼而非越来越消极的公众的参与。

对于那些关心“民治政府”的人，公众理解程度的每况愈下是无法接

受的。当今世界，人类生存问题吉凶未卜，无知是不可取的。那些

目光短浅的专家们制定措施时一手遮天，这也是不可容忍的。作为

公民，我们只有找到更好的教育方法，只有提出更棘手的问题，并

得到满意的答案，才能在关键的决策时刻承担风险，运用我们所学

的知识做出重大决定，否则，我们只能基于盲目地相信一个或几个

所谓的专家做出决策。

我们的民主社会需要一批受过良好教育关心他人的年轻人群策群力，本着共同的信念，团结在一起，相互学习，参与到社会民主的建设

之中。

民主的社会需要关心民主社会的公众，需要他们成为善于发问的民

主参与者，成为知道怎样提出恰如其份的问题的人，知道公共政策

的决策形成过程，并能够对那些影响深远的问题做出敏锐的，有见

地的判断。诚然，没有哪个社会机构能独立培养我们所需的领导人才，但我们深信，如果“民治政府’’要有生命力的话，大学相对子其

他机构来说，更有责任去培养我们国家所急需的具有宏畴伟略的领

导人。

为了完成这个迫切的使命，年轻人的目光不能仅仅停留在国内，还

必须放眼世界。现在的学生不但要对本国的人民与文化了如指掌，

而且也应该熟知本国以外的文明。人类的势力范围已涉及到太空，

一切变得都很明了，我们都是同一个星球的守护者。在过去的半个

世纪中，我们的地球变得越来越拥挤，相互依赖性越来越强，同时

也更加变化莫测。如果学生只一味自以为是，不能更好地理解自己

在芸芸众生中的地位，那么他们对生活的社会所应承担的责任的能

力将慢慢被消磨殆尽，及至危险的境地。

世界或许还没有变成一个小村庄。但可以肯定的是，我们的邻里意

识必须加以扩展。当旱灾席卷撒哈拉沙漠，当印度支那战争带来难

民潮时，我们的同情心，我们富于分析的智慧都不再受缚于地图上

的政治分界线。我们开始知道，饥荒和人权已如同武器＼条约一样，

对人类团结起着决定性的影响。最令人担心的是，蘑菇云已在人类

意识里投下了不祥的阴影。这些业已存在的事实及其带来的后果都

必须让每个学生了解。

然而，在研究中，我们发现了一个极其令人担忧的问题：大学校园

对诸如此类的社会常识极端缺乏了解，有时，校园甚至弥漫着一种

对世事的冷漠与不关心的氛围。当难民如潮水一般从一个国家涌入

到另外一个国家时，我们却只有极少数学生能在地图上指出这些难

民潮的流向，或是谈论起导致难民潮泛滥而起的饥荒、战争和贫穷

等世事。世界各地的哲学家、政治家、发明家和艺术家的丰功伟绩

丰富了我们的生活，但他们本人及其贡献却时常不为人知，或是被

世人遗忘在角

落里。

综上所述，我们很自然地得出一个结论：世界发生了巨变，世界变

得越来越拥挤，相互的联系变得越来越强，同时也更加动荡不安起来。美国的新一代必须学会如何在这个日益复杂的世界里生活。如

果大学教育不能帮助学生认识自我，超越自我，不能让他们更好地

理解世界相互依存的本质特征，那么新生的一代就会变得无知，他

们生活的信心及生活的责任感将慢慢被消磨殆尽，及至危险的境地。通过研究，我们深有感触地认识到当今大学教育最成功之处就是培

养学生的综合能力——使学生具备依既定计划行事的能力；具备收

集资料信息的能力；考尽其能，术业专攻。具有成功地处理好单独

问题的能力在今天被认为是值得高度称赞的事情。然而，当我们问

及学

【篇二：研究生英语多维教程(熟谙)课后习题答案】

key

vocabulary and structure

a.

1. assess

2. alliance

3. outcome

4. ethical

5. identity

6. ambiguous

7. tolerable 8. participates 9. pursuit 10. constructive

b

1. at stake

2. were obliged

3. a climate of

4. feel well-equipped

5. beyond my grasp

6. cut back

7. other than

8. rise above

9. care about 10. is bounded

c.

1. incompetent

2. indulgence

3. migrants

4. probes

5. complex

6. suspense; engaged

7. compassionate ; committed 8. tolerant 9. tempted 10. interconnected

d.

1. a. judging from

2. b. in/at which

3. c. and

4. d. believe

5. a. is one of /is that of

6. b. must get

7. c. likely

8. d. unemployed

9. c. as well as /and

e.

1. what

2. graduation

3. intend

4. getting

5. eventually

6. survey

7. although

8. graduates

9. to transfer 10. rise11. attending 12. instead 13. cause 14. because 15. realistic 16. below 17. failure 18. expectations 19. confidence 20. education

translation

a.阿洛德.汤恩比说过,一切进步,一切发展均来自于挑战由此引起的反映,没有发展,没有自由.所以,我们首先应该我们孩子的能力所允许的范围内为他们开设要求最严格、富有挑战性的课程.

我们可以向我们的孩子提供的第二个机会是允许他们失败的权利.德.纽伊写到:“自由不仅是一种特权,也是一考验.”如果没有人可以失败,那它算什么考验,算什么自由呢?美国可以

向所有在高中读完四年课程而不管其是否取得任何收获的学生发放毕业文凭的日子已经一去不复返了. 我们现在生活在一个越来越小的世界里,我们必须对现实保持清醒的认识,而

现实主义要求树立一个要么成功要么失败的标准.这些话听起来很刺耳,但都是残酷的事实.如果我们剥夺了孩子们失败的权利,实际上我们就剥夺了他们如实地认识世界的机会.

b. translate the following sentences into english

1.today’s university studen ts are struggling to establish themselves, but they still have ambiguous feelings about their future.

2. a man cannot realize his values without finding a center beyond himself. so the ideal undergraduate experience must help student transcend himself.

3. we eagerly hope that the lessons learned in the university will reveal themselves in our performance in the workplace and further education

4. it cannot go unchallenged to say that the 4-year undergraduate experience is the only path to success in life.

5. we run the risk of making critical decisions, not on the basis of what we know, the findings of investigations, and the data of experiment , but on the basis of blind faith in professed experts.

6. our task needs a large group of well-informed ,caring young people who can band together , learn from each other, and actively participate in the four modernizations.

7. if it is to endure, the new school should help students not only acquire a solid basic

education and become competent in a specific field, but also be ready to commit themselves to others.

8. it is not too much to say that if undergraduates excessively devote themselves to examinations, they will push competence and commitment to the fringes.

9. i didn’t even speak to him, much less discuss the reconstruction of your school with him.

10.some people think examinations are important , but others think examinations have a lot of disadvantages. examinations leave us an open essential question--- what influence do examinations exert on education.

reading practice

1. c

2. a

3. a

4. d

5. b

unit two

key to vocabulary and structure

a.

1.h

2.i

3.a

4.e

5.k

6. n

7. l

8.g

9.d 10 c

b. 1. perception 2. responsibility 3. organizational 4. marketing

5. strategies

6. assests

7.transitions

8. dilemma

9. rivalry

10 compensation 11. whiz 12 invaluable

c. 1. a.justify b. justification c. justifiable

d. justifiably

e.justified

2. a. strategic b.strategy c. strategics (or strategy)

d. strategists

e. strategized

f. strategically

3. a.finance b. financial c. financier d. finance d. financially

4. a. resentful b.resents c.resentment d.resentfully

5. a. perceive b. perception c.perceptible d.perceptive

e. perceptibly

6. a. diverse b. diversify c. diversity d. diversification

e. diversified

7. a. destroyed b.destructive c.destruction d. destructionist

e.destroyers

f.destroying

g. destructible

8. a. markets b. marketable c. markets d.marketing e. marketer

9. a. prosperity b. prospering c. prosperous d. prosperously

10. a. derived b. derive c. derivative d. derivative

d. 1。a it even harder2。a that3。c not taking enough exercise

4.c to have gone back on

5.b functioning

6.d on

7.a object to seeing8.b to go with it9.a to expanding

10.a anxiously awaiting

e. 1. manufacturers 2. natural 3. treatment 4. experienced 5. approached 6. relatively

7.global 8. chained 9.sustainable 10. vision

11. extended 12.improving 13. accomplish 14. array

15. involvement 16. activity 17. rewarded 18. prosposals

19. domestic 20 competitors

key to the translation from english to chinese:

Ａ

业主/企业创建者不仅进取心强，而且精力充沛。|| 他们往往擅长于多种技能。在很多情况之下，他们即是生产专家又是营销天才或经验丰富的金融家。|| 要接替他们的工作则需要很多的人。|| 因此家庭企业主应当通过制定组织机构图来明确规定该企业怎样运作。|| 参予交接过程的每个主要成员也应当制定他们自己的

组织构图。然后,?对它们进行比较。|| 各机构之间的不同点将表明管理体制上的差异、存在误会的主要方面及观念上分歧。

Ｂ

没有忠心耿耿雇员,很少企业能够发展壮大，|| 即使是家庭企业也是如此。这些尽职的雇员多半担任了主要管理职务。|| 因此，应当将关于产业继承的长远计划随时通报给他们，|| 而主要的企业管理人员必须清楚知道他们在产业交接管理机构中的职责。|| 改进企业的劳保福利制度以吸引和留住主要部门经理,激发他们的积极性,使他们能为企业和业主的最大利益而工作

key to the translation from chinese to english:

1. he is an experienced banker and an acknowledged trade expert, not to mention an excellent managing director.

2. regardless of danger, volunteers from an italian organization for peace have gone to baghdad, the capital of iraq, to form a body shield for the purpose of preventing the us from bombing the place.

3. nobody in the family is more dedicated to operating the real estate business than judy.

4. because of the economic depression, real estate agents are in the dilemma of whether to lower prices or let sales fall off.

5. more often than not, mr. smith earns great profits by careful investment of his capital.

6. john did not make much of a mark in his studies at school, but he excelled at sports.

7.orderly transition of responsibilities is a condition for the long-range prosperity of a family business.

8. you had better have a clear picture of prospects before formulating a plan for investment.

9. although sculpture is a time-consuming art, there are still some people following it as a profession.

10. the software company is in the midst of being transformed from an individual proprietorship to a joint venture.

key to reading comprehension

1. because there were far fewer approaches having been used by executives than the author had hypothesized

2. the strategy

3. it implies that these executives rarely promote young employees to key posts.

4. they encourage their employees to cultivate and improve their expertise believing that the cultivation and improvement to expertise is a source of competitive advantage.

5. the highly value those who are aggressive and independent and people who view their jobs and possibilities for advancement as opportunities that must be seized firmly.

unit three

key to the translation from english into chinese

a.

在历史上，吉普车以其能适应各种路况的出众性能而著称于世。这种美名可以追溯到二战期间，当时由威利斯公司提供的最初型号的吉普车载着盟军部队驰骋于太平洋沿岸及欧洲战场。

《麦氏汽车驾驶大全》一书认为，“吉普”这个名字起源于美国军队

决定把这种车辆叫做gp（for general purpose）即多功能车之意。

而后，gp这两个字母的读音被误发成为“吉普”，并成为威利斯公司

享有的商标名称。

1988年吉普为克莱斯勒公司所有，此后该公司投入了大量资金更新

改造吉普车的生产设备，提高吉普车的产量并开发各种新车型应市。克莱斯勒公司称吉普车在战争年代享有的盛名以及其坚固耐用的形

象无疑会有助于它在和平时期树立其作为休闲娱乐车的新形象。该

公司说，吉普为休闲，越野车开发了新市场，它有强劲的4轮牵引

装置（商业上称为4轮驱动），过去军用吉普车曾因此而享誉四方。

b. key to the translation from chinese into english.

1.the automobile was improved very rapidly after it was invented and soon displaced horses.

【篇三：研究生多维教程熟谙课后答案汉译英(背诵

版)6-10单元】

易发达，而各种野生动物的生存则是这种良好生态环境的标志。(conservationist,survival)

most conservationists believe that humans thrive best in ecological health and that the sign of this health is the survival of a diversity of wild animal.

2.史密斯先生出示了大量证据来表明：在某种程度上，如果我们破

坏大自然，那就是毁灭我们自己。(diminish,to some extent)

mr. smith produced abundant evidence to indicate that we, to some extent, diminish ourselves if we diminish nature.

3. 西方各国的许多城市已经转换到使用新的可减少污染含量的汽油，我们中国也有一些城市已经这样做了。(be true of)

many cities in western countries have switched to a new gasoline formula that reduces the pollution content. this is

also true of some cities in china.

4. 正如法国诗人埃德蒙斯宾塞在一首诗里描写的那样，大自然不仅

是位母亲，而且是位法官，管辖并公正的对待人类和所有的生物。(jurisdiction, do justice to) as depicted in a poem written by

the english poet edmund spenser, nature is not only a mother but a judge, having jurisdiction over and doing justice to allcreatures.

5. 政府的一项调查研究得出的结论是：除了过分拥挤和公共交通很

差外，该市面临的最大问题是噪音和污染。(be up against)

a government study concludes that besides overcrowding and poor public transport, the biggest problems the city is up against are noise and pollution.

6. 与所有其他动物不一样，人类具有根据自己的判断而行事的能力。(act on) unlike all other creatures, humans have the ability to

act on their judgment/ understanding.

7. 难道你不同意健康而无财富比有财富而不健康要好的多这种说法吗？(be preferable to)

dont you agree with the statement that health without wealth

is preferable towealth without health?

8. 即使哪些工业经济的拥护者也不得不公开承认：人类与大自然之

间发生的任何冲突往往双方都不利。(acknowledge, at the

expense of )

even those defenders of industrial economy have to acknowledge openly that any conflict between humans and nature often occurs at the expense of both.

9. 如果你的朋友善意地指出你的一个缺点，你不仅要欣然接受，而

且应当感谢。(point out)

if your friend kindly points out a fault you have, take what is said not merely pleasantly, but thank fully.

10. 人与野生动物之间的差别之一就在于，前者能就他们改变自然的种类及规模作出明智的选择。(as to)

one of the differences between humans and wild animals is

that (or lies in that) the former can make a wise choice as to

the kind and scale of the change theymake to nature.

1.尽管她在最近的选举中成功了，但她主要仍是位作家而不是政治家。

in spite of her recent election success, she remains first and foremost a writer, not a politician.

2.讲到抱负，人们往往把它与地位、名誉和权力连在一起，因此，

长期以来许多人不愿意谈论自己的梦想。

ambition is always identified with rank, fame and power. therefore many people have been unwilling to talk about their dreams for a long time.

3.毫无疑问，如果一个人想成名，就需要有理想。因为理想是走向

成功的基础。但是理想并不就是野心。

surely, if you want to be famous, it is necessary for you to have ideals, because it is behind the accomplishment, but different from ambition.

4.野心常被认为是带有贬意的。这是因为一心追求自己利益的人不择手段的要达到目的，损害了他人。

ambition is often regarded as being commensurate with bad sense because the single-minded have tried to achieve their goals by fair means or foul and often harm others.

5.真正有野心的人常常表现得很谦虚，事实上只考虑自己。

truly ambitious people seem to be modest but actually they are on their own.

6.毫无疑问，有的人对名誉和地位看得很重，然而他们却不公开承认。

certainly some people are very interested in their rank and fame. but what has happened is that they do not own up to it.

7.有些人想方设法出人头地，但又不表露出来，我们必须看到其中虚伪的一面。 some people try to go on in life at all costs but refrain from appearing ambitious. we should be aware that there is a note of hypocrisy.

8.虽然人们攻击他，认为他有野心，但没有一种攻击足以使他放弃自己的追求。 although he has come under attack and has been considered ambitious, none of them are strong enough to make him give up on his dreams.

9.不难想象，没有理想与抱负的世界是怎样的。这只会是一个没有进步、令人厌烦的社会。

it is not difficult to imagine a world shorn of ambition. it would probably be a world with no progress and no development. and, of course, it would be a tedious world.

10.社会的发展有赖于一批有理想有抱负的人，而理想与抱负是鼓舞人们前进的动力。所以说理想和抱负是社会的一个重要部分。

to develop our society, we need a large number of people who have both ideals and ambition, because both of these have the power to inspire people to further efforts. therefore, both are important for society.

1.狂犬病是一种属中枢神经系统方面的传染病，由病毒引起并主要由家犬和野生的食肉动物传播。

rabies is an infectious disease of the central nervous system, caused by a virus spread chiefly by domestic dogs and wild flesh-eating animals.

2.每年大约有六万五千名美国人患肝癌，而且除少数例外，几乎所

有病人的预后都是不祥的。

each year about 6,500 americans contract liver cancer, and for all but a relative few the prognosis is grim.

3.探明石油的储藏所在是一回事，但是要把它从地层下开采出来并

运到一些工业中心则完全是另一回事。

it is one thing to locate oil, but it is quite another to extract it from the earth and transport it to the industrial centers.

4.根据最近的动物研究，我们相信这种疫苗能改善患者正在衰竭的

免疫系统并减少在血液中循环的病毒数量。

in the light of recent animal research, we have become convinced that the vaccine can boost patients weakening immune system and decrease the amount of virus circulating

in the blood.

5.早些时候他曾公开发言反对那个增加两国间贸易的提案，但现在

他却倾向于支持这一提案。

earlier he spoke publicly against the proposal for increasing trade between the two countries, but now he is inclined to support it.

6.现在还没有治疗这种起因不明、带并发症的流行性感冒的特效药，因为它对现有的抗菌素具有抗药性。

there is no powerful medicine for curing the mysterious strain of influenza with its complications, for it is resistant to current antibiotics.

7.自从当选总统以来，他一直面临着许多严重的社会问题，如无法

控制的通货膨胀、大规模失业和青少年犯罪。

since he was elected, the president has been faced with a host of serious social problems such as runaway inflation, large-scale unemployment, and teenage crime.

8.一位名叫路易斯.巴斯德的法国化学家在经过多年细致的动物实验

之后，发现并证实了微生物是诱发某些传染病的原因。

a famous french chemist named louis pasteur discovered and proved after many years of careful experiments on animals

that microorganisms are responsible for certain infectious diseases.

9.正在讨论中的4个问题分别是：怎样预防各种流行病，怎样减轻现有的疾病，怎样攻克恶性肿瘤和怎样应付新出现的疾病。

the four problems in question are how to prevent various epidemics, alleviate existing ailments, conquer malignant tumors, and respond to the emergence of new diseases respectively.

10.在采用青霉素这种救命的抗菌素之前，许多患有肺结核的病人通常死于该种疾病。

before the introduction of penicillin, a life-saving antibiotic, many patients with tuberculosis typically died from the disease.