非谓语动词最详细讲解与精选练习题

非谓语动词讲解

非谓语动词: a.动词不定式: 表示目的或未完成的动作，也可以修饰前面名词或代词

b.动名词：修饰名词，表示它的性质，或放介词后面做宾语

c.分词现在分词：表示和逻辑主语为主动关系，或表示动作的进行

过去分词：表示和逻辑主语为被动关系，或表示已经动作已经完成)

概述：1.谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词

2.非谓语动词：是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分

非谓语动词使用条件

一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。

She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.

She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.

动词不定式

一．动词不定式的时态和被动形式

动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，由不定式符号(to)加动词原形构成。不定式的形式有五种：

1．一般式to do 例如：I like to read English.

2．进行式to be doing 例如：He seemed to be reading something at that time.

3．完成式to have done 例如：He seemed to have cleaned the room.

4．被动式to be done 例如：The work is to be done soon.

5．完成被动式to have been done 例如：The boy is said to have been sent to hospital yesterday.

二. 动词不定式的用法

I.作主语

(1)不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。To see is to believe．Not to get there in time is your fault.

(2)注：常用it做形式主语，将to do放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。

句型1：It + 谓语+ to do It takes us an hour _to__ get there by bus.

句型2：It’s + n. + to do It’s our duty _to_ help the poor.

It is a great enjoyment _to_ spend our holiday in the mountains.

句型3：It is + adj + for sb to do sth（是形容事物的性质的）// It is + adj + of sb to do sth（是形容人的品质的）It is easy for me to finish this work before ten. // It is a great honor for us to be present at your birthday party.

It is very kind of you to give me some help. // It's impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.

II.作宾语接不定式做宾语: I want to know this matter.// I don’t expect to meet you here

(1)常见动词有：like, demand, expect, promise, begin, determine, refuse, offer, fail, manage, learn, seem, intend,

forget, want, prepare, pretend, refuse, plan, afford, wish等

They wanted _to get___( get ) on the bus, didn’t they? He said he wished __to be____( be ) a professor.

(2)it作形式宾语I find/feel to work with him interesting ．I find/feel it interesting to work with him．

Subject+ find/think/feel/make/ consider it+adj/n + to do sth.

1.We thought _it__ better __to_ start early.

2.Do you consider _it__ better not _to_ go?

3. I feel _it_ my duty _to_ change all that.

4.We think _ it _ important _ to _ obey the law.

5.I know _ it _ impossible _ to _ finish so much homework in a day.

(3)常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词: tell, advise, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn, explain, know, discover, He taught us how to use the tool. // No one could tell me where to get the book //. I haven't decided whether to go or stay. 下列词接动名词和不定式均可，但意义不同的动词：

stop to do 停下来去做stop doing 停止做

forget to do 忘记要做forget doing 忘记做过

remember to do 记得要做remember doing 记得做过

regret to do 遗憾要做regret doing 后悔做过

try to do 企图做，尽力做try doing 试着做

go on to do 继续做（另一件事）go on doing 继续做（同一件事）

mean to do 打算做mean doing 意味做

can’t help to do 不能帮忙做某事can’t help doing 忍不住做某事

1).In some parts of London, missing a bus means _A_ther hour. A .waiting B. to waiting C. wait D. to be waiting

2).Boys, don't forget _D_ the windows before you leave the classroom. A. closing B. closed C. to closing D. to close

3).She reached the top of the hill and stopped __C on a big rock. A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest

4).Remember _A______ the lights when you leave the office.

A. to turn off

B. turning off

C. turn off

D. to turning off

III.作宾语补足语

1. I’ll get someone _to__ repair the recorder for you.

2. What caused him _to__ change his mind?

advise, allow, permit, ask, beg, cause, expect, encourage, force, get, hate, invite , order, wish , want, warn, remind, promise, persuade, request+sb. to do

其中advise, allow, permit后面没有人作宾语时要跟doing.

// advise/allow/permit sb. to do sth.

（二听），have, let, make（三让），notice, see, watch, observe, look at（五看）(即：吾（五）看三室（使）两厅（听）一感觉)等后面的补足语中，不定式不带to，但变为被动语态后，必须带to。如：They saw the boy fall off the tree. ------ The boy was seen to fall off the tree.

(2)help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to.

I often help him （to）clean the room. I helped him (to) find his things.

He is often heard _to sing_______(sing) the song.

I made the baby laugh by making a face.

done 使…被… I raised my voice to make myself heard. done 使…被

n. 使…成为… We made him our monitor.

adj.使…处于某种状态或体现某种性质He put the water melon in the fridge to make it cool.

have sb/sth. do 让某人做某事The boss often has the workers work for 12 hours a day.

done 把…让别人给… I had my bike repaired yesterday.

doing 让某人一直做某事Why do you have me waiting so long a time?

to do 有…要做I have a lot of work to do.

find sb./sth. doing 发现某人正在做某事He found his dog waiting for him when he got there.

done 发现…被…I found a thief caught by the police when I passed there.

adj. 发现…处于…(状态) I found her eyes closed when the teacher was saying something to her..

(3) You’d better do sth. 最好做某事You’d bet ter take an umbrella with you in case of rain.

(4) prefer to do A rather than do B 宁愿做A也不愿做B. I prefer to play football rather than watch TV at home.

(5) Why not do …?为什么不。。。？Why not go out for a walk with me?

(6)在介词but/except 之后有两种：若介词前有do，后面不带to;若介词前没有do,后面要带to.

I have no choice but __to wait_____.（wait）（“前无do,后有to”）

I can’t do anything but _go______ (go )out with her. （“前有do,后无to”）

(7) can’t help but do sth 只能做某事I can’t help but give it up.

IV．作定语 I have something to tell you. (不定式作定语)

1)不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系Do you have anything to wash today? //I want something to eat.

2)不定式用来说明所修饰词的内容I have no chance to go there.

3)The+序数词+（名词）+不定式She is always the last （person）to leave the room.

4)不定式为不及物动词且和所修饰的名词是动宾关系时，须加介词

1.The house is not big enough for us all___A____. A. to live in B. to be lived in C. to live D. for living in

2. Would you please pass me the knife ____A___?

A. to cut the fruit with

B. to cut the fruit

C. cutting the fruit

D. cutting the fruit with

3.I have something important to say. Please find a piece of paper to write on （写上）

4.Excuse me，could I use your pen for a moment？I have no pen to write with （写）

5.He has three children to look after.

V.作状语不定式作状语可以表示目的、原因、结果。

目的：I came here to see you．= I came here in order to see you. You should speak English so as to improve it.

In order (not) to 和so as (not) to 引导目的状语，其中so as to 不能放句首。

原因：We were very excited to hear the news．

结果：He hurried to the school （only）to find nobody there.

You are old enough to make a decision.

Would you be so kind as to help me with the heavy box , please?

结果状语常用enough to, only to , so+adj./ adv. +as to, such +n.+as to引导

对比To learn English well, he needs a good dictionary.

To learn English well, a good dictionary is needed.

To get there in time, he told me to get up early.

当前面有某些形容词时要用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。

这样的形容词有：easy /hard/ difficult / comfortable/ interesting / dangerous/ expensive / cheap/ important

I have something important to do. In the accident, the driver was to blame.

This question is difficult to answer. The box is not easy to carry.

The room is comfortable to live in.

动名词

No one likes being laughed at.

I don’t remember having ever been given a chance to do it.

二.动名词的作用

⑴ Smoking does great harm to people’s health.（作主语）

⑵ My job is looking after children.（作表语）

⑶ I have finished reading the novel.（作宾语）

⑷ We have got a swimming pool in our school.（做定语）

分词作定语有时也表示作用：例如walking stick, sleeping car, sleeping peel, swimming pool等

有些句型后面必须用doing

①It is no use crying. ②It is no good objecting ③ There is no point/sense in doing

后面必须接动名词的常见动词有：finish, admit, suggest, enjoy, spend, avoid, consider, risk, delay, deny, excuse, imagine, keep(on), mind, practice, miss, resist, ignore等。另外，介词后面跟动名词。

短语: be/get used to ,can’t help/stop, can’t stand , give up, feel like, look forward to, get down to,

have difficulty/trouble (in),be busy (in),put off, be devoted to, be absorbed in, be busy doing sth, be addicted to 等。

e.g.①She sat there without _speaking____ (speak) ②I look forward to_seeing____ (see) him again.

③Are you used to _living___ (live) there alone?

④When my father heard the news, he couldn't help _laughing____ (laugh).

⑤I don’t feel like _going____ (go) to see the film. ⑥He was busy _preparing___ (prepare) his lessons

主动表被动:

① The room wants _cleaning____ (clean). ② The method needs _improving__ (improve).

③ This pair of shoes require __mending___ (mend). ④ The problem needs_working out_ (work out).

⑤ The question is well worth _discussing____ (discuss) ⑥ That boy deserves praising (praise)

d）动词“like, dislike，love, hate, prefer”后接动名词表示“习惯性动作”，后接不定式表示“心理或一次具体动作”。I like swimming, but I don’t like to swim this afternoon.

当用在would之后时，只跟不定式。例如：What would you like to eat tonight?

动名词的复合结构：动名词前可以加一个物主代词或名词所有格来表示这个动名词逻辑上的主语，构成动名词的复合结构或动名词短语

a.动名词复合结构作主语时一般用名词所有格或形容词性的物主代词。例如：

Nixon’s visiting China marked a new year between U.S. and China diplomatic relations.

尼克松访问中国标志着中美外交关系进入一个新的时代

Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. // Thanks for your listening !

b. 在口语和非正式语体中，只要不是作主语，动名词复合结构中可用one’s doing或人称代词宾格。

例如：The doctor does not mind me /my eating a little meat occasionally.

Do you mind me/my opening the window?

分词

（一）分词的作用现在分词表示：主动，动作正在进行。过去分词表示：被动，动作已经完成。

例如：a flying bird , falling leaves, fallen leaves, boiling water, boiled water , a drowning boy, a drowned boy 1．作定语Do you know the boy standing at the gate?// Have you read the book written by Lu Xun？

Is the building being built a hospital? // What is the topic to be discussed this afternoon?

2．作表语We are excited at the news.// The news he told us is exciting.

3．作宾语补足语I heard him singing a song in the classroom.//We found the ground covered with snow.

4．作状语While lying in bed, he listened to some music. // Seen from the hill, the village looks move beautiful.

分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，否则分词前面必须有自己的主语。

现在分词与过去分词在作状语的区别:现在分词表主动进行，过去分词表被动完成

1. (Seeing/Seen) from the top of the tower, we can see a beautiful factory.

(Seeing/Seen) from the top of the tower, the factory looks beautiful.

2. (Hearing/Heard) the bad news, they couldn’t help crying.(When they heard the bad news)

3. (Giving/Given) more time, we could do it better. (If they had been given more attention)

4. I stood by the door, not daring to say a word.

5. Being so angry, he couldn’t go to sleep. (Because he was so angry)

6. They came into the classroom, singing and laughing. (and they were singing laughing)

7. To serve the people well, I study hard. (In order to serve the people well)

（二）分词的时态

现在分词分一般式和完成式，而过去分词则没有时态形式的变化。

现在分词的一般式表示动作与谓语动词同时发生，或在谓语动词之前发生。例如：

Knowing his uncle would come, he began to make some preparations.

现在分词的完成时，表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前,常用作状语。例如：

Having finished his homework, he went to bed.

（三）现在分词的被动式被动一般式being done 被动完成式having been done This is one of the new supermarkets being built in our city.

Having been told many times, he was able to operate the machine.

（四）分词的否定形式

分词的否定式，由not+分词构成，例如：Not having heard the news. I wrote to him again.

Not knowing how to work out the maths problem, I went to the teacher for help.

（五）分词独立主格结构

当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，带逻辑主语的分词短语成为独立主格结构，在句法功能上起状语作用。例如：Weather permitting, they will go and visit the science museum.

The meeting being over, they all left the room. // Given more time, we could do it better.

The moon appearing, they decided to go on with their journey.

She stood there, book in hand. // Everybody at home, we sat down to dinner.

由There being +主语这种结构多表示原因。例如：There being a lot of books to read, he often studied till midnight. with + 复合宾语结构

（1）with + 名词/ 代词+ 形容词Don’t speak with your mouth full.

（2）with + 名词/ 代词+ 副词The square looks more beautiful than ever with the lights on.

（3）with + 名词/ 代词+ 介词短语He was asleep with his head on his arms.

（4）with + 名词/ 代词+ doing分词She felt very nervous with so many people looking at her.

With the old man leading, the two started toward the mountains.

（5）with + 名词/ 代词+ to do不定式With so much homework, I have no time for a holiday.

（6）with + 名词/ 代词+ done过去分词With the matter settled, we left the room.

非谓语动词专练

一、用所给动词的正确形式填空

1. __________ a language requires time and effort. (learn)

2. __________ now seems impossible. (save money)

3. ---“Did you close the door?” ---“Yes, I remember __________ it.” ( close )

4. He finished his homework, then he went on __________ a letter. ( write )

5. The report was so __________ that they were all __________. ( inspire )

6. Keep quiet! I hear someone ______ “ my heart will go on ”. (sing)

7. I like __________ very much, but I don’t like _________ this morning. ( swim )

8. ---“You look pale.” ---“I feel a little __________.” ( tire )

9. Before coming to London, he had never heard a single English word __________. ( speak)

10.“The picture writing” __________ long long ago is hard for us to understand today. ( draw)

11. With everything _______, I feel relaxed. ( solve )

12. ______ more time, we could make greater achievement. ( give )

13. It takes forty-five minutes __________ there by bus. ( get )

14. It is not always easy __________ invitations. (refuse)

15. I’m sorry I forgot _______ your dictionary. Let’s borrow one from Li Ming.( take )

16. Sorry, I have something important _________. ( do )

17. Her wish is __________ an engineer. ( become )

18. Sorry, the professor doesn’t allow us __________ in the lecture room. ( speak)

19.The great hall was crowded with many people, _____ (include) many children _____(seat) on their parents’ laps.

20 . It’s said that the Olympic Games _____(hold) in Rio de Janeiro in 2016 will cover more events than any other Olympics did.

21. There _____ (be) no rain for a long time, most of the crops in this area died from lacking water.

22. Yesterday a street-beggar bought a lottery ticket purposelessly, _____(make) him a millionaire overnight.

23. Tom enjoys _____ (play) basketball on Sunday afternoons.

24. I was afraid _____(talk) back to my customers because I was afraid of_____(lose) them.

25. The policeman came up to the lonely house with the door __(open), stood there for a while and then (enter)it

26. Her _____(not come) back made her parents worried a lot.

27. — Mum, why do you give me so much popcorn? — _____ (kill) the boring time.

28. _____ (see)the big snake, the little girl stood under the tree, _____（frighten）out of life.

29. He had a wonderful childhood, __________(travel) with his mother to all corners of the world.

30. _____ (dress)in her best suit, the girl tried to make herself _____(notice) at the party.

31. — Is there anything you want from town?— No, thank you. But I would like to get those letters _____(mail).

32. After the guests left, she spent as much time as she could _____ (tidy) up the rooms.

33. Mr. Smith was much surprised to find the watch he had had _____(repair) was nowhere to be seen.

34. Prices of daily goods _____(buy) through a computer can be lower than store prices.

35. When _____(compare) with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain doesn’t seem high at all.

36. When we got back from the cinema, we found the lamp _____(burn) on but the door _____(shut).

37. He moved away from his parents and missed them too much to enjoy the _______(excite) life in New York.

38. The drunken husband knocked against the table and sent the bowls _____(fly) in all directions before he was sent _____(sleep) by his wife.

39.Once _____(catch) stealing at the shop, you will be dismissed immediately.

40. He failed in the exam again, (make) his mother sad.