人事部三级英语笔译2006-2010真题
2006年5月人事部三级笔译真题
第一部分英译汉
Freed by warming,waters once locked beneath ice are gnawing at coastal settlements around the Arctic Circle.
In Bykovsky,a village of457on Russia's northeast coast,the shoreline is collapsing,creeping closer and closer to houses and tanks of heating oil,at a rate of15to18feet a year.
"It is practically all ice-permafrost-and it is thawing."For the four million people who live north of the Arctic Circle,a changing climate presents new opportunities.But it also threatens their environment,their homes and,for those whose traditions rely on the ice-bound wilderness,the preservation of their culture.
A push to develop the North,quickened by the melting of the Arctic seas,carries its own rewards and dangers for people in the region.The discovery of vast petroleum fields in the Barents and Kara Seas has raised fears of catastrophic accidents as ships loaded with oil and,soon,liquefied gas churn through the fisheries off Scandinavia,headed to markets in Europe and North https://www.360docs.net/doc/1b17452322.html,nd that was untouched could be tainted by pollution as generators,smokestacks and large vehicles sprout to support the growing energy industry.
Coastal erosion is a problem in Alaska as well,forcing the United States to prepare to relocate several Inuit villages at a projected cost of$100million or more for each one.
Across the Arctic,indigenous tribes with traditions shaped by centuries of living in extremes of cold and ice are noticing changes in weather and wildlife.They are trying to adapt,but it can be confounding.
In Finnmark,Norway's northernmost province,the Arctic landscape unfolds in late winter as an endless snowy plateau,silent but for the cries of the reindeer and the occasional whine of a snowmobile herding them.
A changing Arctic is felt there,too."The reindeer are becoming unhappy,"said Issat Eira,a31-year-old reindeer herder.
Few countries rival Norway when it comes to protecting the environment and preserving indigenous customs. The state has lavished its oil wealth on the region,and Sami culture has enjoyed something of a renaissance.
And yet no amount of government support can convince Mr.Eira that his livelihood,intractably entwined with the reindeer,is not about to change.Like a Texas cattleman,he keeps the size of his herd secret.But he said warmer temperatures in fall and spring were melting the top layers of snow,which then refreeze as ice, making it harder for his reindeer to dig through to the lichen they eat.
"The people who are making the decisions,they are living in the south and they are living in towns,"said
Mr.Eira,sitting inside his home made of reindeer hides."They don't mark the change of weather.It is only people who live in nature and get resources from nature who mark it."
A push to develop the North,quickened by the melting of the Arctic seas,carries its
own rewards and dangers for people in the region.The discovery of vast petroleum fields in the Barents and Kara Seas has raised fears of catastrophic accidents as ships loaded with oil and,soon,liquefied gas churn through the fisheries off Scandinavia,headed to markets in Europe and North https://www.360docs.net/doc/1b17452322.html,nd that was untouched could be tainted by pollution as generators,smokestacks and large vehicles sprout to support the growing energy industry.
第二部分汉译英
维护世界和平，促进共同发展，谋求合作共赢，是各国人民的共同愿望，也是不可抗拒的当今时代潮流。中国高举和平、发展、合作的旗帜，坚持走和平发展道路，与世界各国一道，共同致力于建设一个持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界。
中国与世界从未像今天这样紧密相连。中国政府把中国人民的根本利益与各国人民的共同利益结合起来，坚持奉行防御性的国防政策。中国的国防服从和服务于国家发展战略和安全战略，旨在维护国家安全统一，确保实现全面建设小康社会的宏伟目标。中国永远是维护世界和平、安全、稳定的坚定力量。
中国在经济不断发展的基础上推进国防和军队现代化，是适应世界新军事变革发展趋势、维护国家安全和发展利益的需要。中国不会与任何国家进行军备竞赛，不会对任何国家构成军事威胁。新世纪新阶段，中国把科学发展观作为国防和军队建设的重要指导方针，积极推进中国特色军事变革，努力实现国防和军队建设全面协调可持续发展。
2006年11月人事部三级笔译真题
第一部分英译汉
Faced with growing evidence that avian influenza is spreading in birds,the World Health Organization on Wednesday signed an agreement with the Swiss pharmaceutical company Roche Holding to build up its stockpile of medicines in case of a pandemic in humans.
Under the agreement,Roche will reserve three million treatments of its Tamiflu antiviral medicine for use by the UN agency in case of a worldwide human pandemic of avian flu.
"It's just enough to deal with an initial outbreak,"said Jong-Wook Lee,director-general of the WHO."But clearly this is not enough to deal with a full pandemic."
The agency says only57people in Indonesia,Vietnam,Thailand and Cambodia have died,mainly from contact with infected birds.The virus has killed millions of chickens and led to preventive culling across Asia since late 2003.
Sustained human-to-human infection has not yet been recorded.But the World Health Organization warns that bird flu,which first appeared in Hong Kong in1997,could mutate genetically,making it easier for humans to catch and transmit the disease among themselves.
Signs the disease has spread recently to birds in Siberia and Kazakhstan are adding to concerns,the WHO says.
A panel of European Union experts will convene Thursday in Brussels to discuss measures to prevent the spread of bird deaths to European poultry.
When asked whether he thought a widespread outbreak in humans was imminent,Lee said:"We don't know when it will come.But it would be hugely irresponsible if the WHO and member states did not take preventive measures now."
Roche declined to give figures for its stockpiles of Tamiflu.
A spokeswoman for the company,Martina Rupp,said it took from12to18months to deliver the drug after an order was placed-a relatively long time due to a complicated production process.
第二部分汉译英
２５年来，中国坚定不移地推进改革开放，社会主义市场经济体制初步建立，开放型经济已经形成，社会生产力和综合国力不断增强，各项社会事业全面发展，人民生活总体上实现了由温饱到小康的历史性跨越。从1978年至２００３年的２５年间，中国经济年均增长９．４％。２５年前，中国年国内生产总值为１４７３亿美元，去年已达到１４０００多亿美元。２５年前，中国年进出口贸易总额为２０６亿美元，去年已达到８５１２亿美元。２５年前，中国外汇储备为１．６７亿美元，去年已达到４０３３
亿美元。目前，中国经济总量居世界第六，进出口贸易总额居世界第四。中国之所以能够发生这样巨大的变化，最关键的原因是我们始终坚持走中国特色社会主义道路，始终坚持改革开放，激发了全体人民的积极性、主动性、创造性。
中国虽然取得了很大的发展成就，但中国人口多，底子薄，生产力不发达，发展很不平衡，生态环境、自然资源与经济社会发展的矛盾比较突出。虽然中国人均国内生产总值已经突破１０００美元，但仍排在世界一百位以后。中国要实现现代化，使全体人民都过上富裕生活，还需要进行长期不懈的艰苦奋斗。我们已经明确了本世纪头２０年的奋斗目标，这就是全面建设惠及十几亿人口的更高水平的小康社会，到２０２０年实现国内生产总值比２０００年翻两番，达到４万亿美元，人均国内生产总值达到３０００美元，使经济更加发展、民主更加健全、科教更加进步、文化更加繁荣、社会更加和谐、人民生活更加殷实。
2007年5月人事部三级笔译真题
第一部分英译汉
It took nine years from the time the Danish and Swedish governments agreed to build a fixed link between their countries to the time the first car,train,truck and bicyclists crossed the Oresund Bridge.
Construction of the bridge,including design and cornerstone,began in March1991and was completed in July 2000.Today,it is the longest stone-stayed road and rail bridge in the world.At approximately10miles(16 kilometers),including the tunnel,it is an engineering and architectural marvel.But as time has proven,the bridge is a cultural and economic boon as well.The sleek span of concrete whose design typifies Scandinavian minimalism has contributed greatly to the development of the Oresund region:the eastern part of Denmark, including Copenhagen,and the southwestern part of Sweden,including Malm?and Lund.
The level of commuting between Malm?and Copenhagen has quadrupled since the opening of the bridge in 2000,and the number of Danes moving to the south of Sweden has increased sixfold.The Oresund region has become a cultural and economic powerhouse,considered a model region by the European Union.
Work on the bridge began in1995,and was undertaken by a team of international consulting and construction companies.
From the beginning,construction of the bridge complied with some of the world’s toughest environmental regulations,as well as many advanced design and construction details.The Mexico-based CEMEX,one of the world’s largest producers of Cement and ready-mix concrete,was awarded a contract to deliver tons of high-quality cement to help build the main part of the bridge,the two approach bridges and the tunnel.
When it opened in July2000,the Oresund Bridge consisted of a3.5-kilometer immersed tunnel,the largest of its kind in the world,a4-kilometer long artificial island(made from mud dug out from the bottom of strait to make space for the tunnel)and a7.8-kilometer cable-stayed bridge,the world’s longest bridge including both a highway and a railroad.
Though just half of the total construction,the actual bridge span,is visible above water,the overall architecture was designed to please the eye from both the Danish and Swedish sides of the strait.
The four204-meter(670feet)tall pillars carrying the bridge have a simple Scandinavian design.To drivers and passengers crossing the bridge,the pillars provide a visual,as well as actual,impression of stability and calm.
The two-level structure is made of steel and concrete.Along tile two approach bridges,tracks are piaced in concrete troughs that turn into steel decks on the bridge.The bridge’s upper deck carries cars and trucks,while the lower deck accommodates the railroad.The four pillars are grounded in giant cement boxes placed at the bottom of the strait,about18meters below sea level.
Last year,an average of13,600vehicles and17,000passengers crossed the bridge everyday,and traffic continues to increase by10-20percent every year.
Throughout the construction process,the Danish and Swedish environmental agencies have surveyed but found no changes in the wildlife,birds,fish and vegetation surrounding the bridge.In addition,the chemicals used in construction and the percentage of waste materials have been kept to a minimum,as required by both Danish and Swedish laws.
In2003,the Oresund Bridge won the IABSE(International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering) Outstanding Structural Award for its innovative design,planning and construction management,as well as its strict compliance with the time schedule,budget and environmental requirements.
第二部分汉译英
能源是人类社会赖以生存和发展的重要物质基础。纵观人类社会发展的历史，人类文明的每一次重大进步都伴随着能源的改进和更替。能源的开发利用极大地推进了世界经济和人类社会的发展。
过去100多年里，发达国家先后完成了工业化，消耗了地球上大量的自然资源，特别是能源资源。当前，一些发展中国家正在步入工业化阶段，能源消费增加是经济社会发展的客观必然。
中国是当今世界上最大的发展中国家，发展经济，摆脱贫困，是中国政府和中国人民在相当长一段时期内的主要任务。20世纪70年代末以来，中国作为世界上发展最快的发展中国家，经济社会发展取得了举世瞩目的辉煌成就，成功地开辟了中国特色社会主义道路，为世界的发展和繁荣作出了重大贡献。
中国是目前世界上第二位能源生产国和消费国。能源供应持续增长，为经济社会发展提供了重要的支撑。能源消费的快速增长，为世界能源市场创造了广阔的发展空间。中国已经成为世界能源市场不可或缺的重要组成部分，对维护全球能源安全，正在发挥着越来越重要的积极作用。
人事部三级笔译（CATTI）2007.11英译汉真题
One of the biggest decisions Andy Blevins has ever made,and one of the few he now regrets,never seemed like much of a decision at all.It just felt like the natural thing to do.
In the summer of1995,he was moving boxes of soup cans,paper towels and dog food across the floor of a supermarket warehouse,one of the biggest buildings here in southwest Virginia.The heat was brutal.The job had sounded impossible when he arrived fresh off his first year of college,looking to make some summer money,still a skinny teenager with sandy blond hair and a narrow,freckled face.
But hard work done well was something he understood,even if he was the first college boy in his family.Soon he was making bonuses on top of his$6.75an hour,more money than either of his parents made.His girlfriend was around,and so were his hometown buddies.Andy acted more outgoing with them,more relaxed.People in Chilhowie noticed that.
2008年11月人事部三级笔译（CATTI）完形填空
One of Nature's most fascinating mysteries is how pigeons find their way home over vast distances.
No matter how far away they are taken,they almost always return to their lofts.
Now German scientists believe they have discovered how the birds do it.Research has revealed that tiny iron structures in their beaks allow them to analyse the earth's magnetic field-much like a compass.
Through the signals picked up,the birds can work out where they are and set out on the best course home.
As well as pigeons,many migrating birds display a remarkable ability to fly thousands of miles to return to a specific garden or tree year after year.Scientists are suggesting they may have similar iron-containing cells in their beaks.
The amazing abilities of homing pigeons made them invaluable during both world wars,with both sides using them to send messages over enemy lines.
Thirty-two of the250,000pigeons used by UK forces in World War Two were even awarded medals for valour.
In2005,the film Valiant recorded the exploits of a group of fictional wartime homing pigeons.
In the past,experts have suggested the birds use the sun and stars to navigate,although in2004researchers found that many follow roads rather than their internal compass to plan their route.
Italian scientists also recently found that the birds can create'odour maps'of areas they fly over,which may help them find their way.However scientists have long believed that they can in some way use the natural magnetism of the earth to navigate.The recent study by German scientists has revealed how this may be possible.
The research,published in the latest edition of the journal Naturwissenschaften,used X-rays to examine the upper beaks of pigeons.They found that within the skin lining are tiny ironcontaining particles in nerve branches which are arranged in a3D pattern.
The team,led by Gerta Fleissner,concluded that this allows the birds to react to the external magnetic field of the planet and work out their precise location.
She pointed out that similar ironcontaining cells had been found in the beaks of robins,warblers and chickens so it may well turn out to be the way that other species also navigate.
"We expect that the pigeon-type receptor might turn out to be a universal feature of all birds,"she said.
Scientists are still discovering more about the incredible abilities of the pigeon.
Last year a French team found that they can memorise1,200pictures.
The researchers concluded that while birds and other animals are different in so many ways,our divergent evolutionary paths have had little impact on the basic processes of our memories.
However,despite such impressive memories,pigeons are not the most intelligent birds,according to researchers.
A team in2005judged the intelligence of a range of birds and concluded that crows,rooks,jays and ravens topped the IQ league,while the New World quail earned the dubious honour of being the most stupid.
人事部三级笔译（CATTI）2008.5英译汉真题
She calculated that this approach would push up would raw material prices for cereal by3percent to6percent by2020,while prices for oilseed might rise5percent to18percent.But food prices on the shelves would barely change,she said.
Yet even as the European program begins to harvest biofuels in greater volume,homegrown production is still far short of what is needed to reach the10percent goal:Europe’s farmers produced an estimated2.9billion liters,or768million gallons,of biofuel in2004,far shy of the3.4billion gallons generated in the United States in the period.In2005,biofuel accounted for around1percent of Europe’s fuel,according to European statistics, with almost all of that in Germany and Sweden.The biofuel share in Italy was0.51percent,and in Britain,0.18 percent.
That could pose a threat to European markets as foreign producers like Brazil or developing countries like Indonesia and Malaysia try to ship their biofuels to markets where demand,subsidies and tax breaks are the greatest.
Ms.Fischer Boel recently acknowledged that Europe would have to import at least a third of what it would need to reach its10percent biofuels target.Politicians fear that could hamper development of a local industry,while perversely generating tons of new emissions as“green”fuel is shipped thousands of kilometers across the Atlantic,instead of coming from the farm next door.
Such imports could make biofuel far less green in other ways as well—for example if Southeast Asian rainforest is destroyed for cropland.
Brazil,a country with a perfect climate for sugar cane and vast amounts of land,started with subsidies years ago to encourage the farming of sugarcane for biofuels,partly to take up“excess capacity”in its flagging agricultural sector.
The auto industry jumped in,too.In2003,Brazilian automakers started producing flex-fuel cars that could run on biofuels,including locally produced ethanol.Today,70percent of new cars in the country are flex-fuel models,and Brazil is one of the largest growers of cane for ethanol.
Analysts are unsure if the Brazilian achievement can be replicated in Europe—or anywhere else.Sugar takes far less energy to convert to biofuel than almost any product.
Yet after a series of alarming reports on climate change,the political urgency to move faster is clearly growing. With an armload of incentives,the Italian government hopes that70,000hectares,or173,000acres,of land will be planted with biofuel crops in2007,and240,000hectares in2010,up from zero in2006.
Mr.Pini,the farmer,has converted about25percent of his land,or18hectares,including his“set aside”land,to Europe’s fastest-growing biofuel crop,rapeseed.He still has50hectares in grain and7in olives.
He has discovered other advantages as well.In Italy’s finicky food culture,food crops have to look good and be high quality to sell—a drought or undue heat can mean an off year.Crops for fuel,in contrast,can be ugly or stunted.
“You need fewer seeds and it’s much easier to grow,”he said.
2008年11月人事部三级笔译英译汉试题
1．LONGYEARBYEN,Norway—With plant species disappearing at an alarming rate,scientists and governments are creating a global network of plant banks to store seeds and sprouts,precious genetic resources that may be needed for man to adapt the world’s food supply to climate change.
2．This week,the flagship of that effort,the Global Seed Vault near here,received its first seeds,millions of them.Bored into the middle of a frozen Arctic mountain topped with snow,the vault’s goal is to store and protect samples of every type of seed from every seed collection in the world.
3．As of Thursday,thousands of neatly stacked and labeled gray boxes of seeds—peas from Nigeria,corn from
Mexico—reside in this glazed cavelike structure,forming a sort of backup hard drive,in case natural disasters or human errors erase the seeds from the outside world.
4．Descending almost500feet under the permafrost,the entrance tunnel to the seed vault is designed to withstand bomb blasts and earthquakes.An automated digital monitoring system controls temperature and provides security akin to a missile silo or Fort Knox.No one person has all the codes for entrance.
5．The Global Vault is part of a broader effort to gather and systematize information about plants and their genes, which climate change experts say may indeed prove more valuable than gold.In Leuven,Belgium,scientists are scouring the world for banana samples and preserving their shoots in liquid nitrogen before they become extinct.
A similar effort is under way in France on coffee plants.A number of plants,most from the tropics,do not produce seeds that can be stored.
6．For years,a hodgepodge network of seed banks has been amassing seed and shoot collections in a haphazard https://www.360docs.net/doc/1b17452322.html,bs in Mexico banked corn species.Those in Nigeria banked cassava.Now these scattershot efforts are being urgently consolidated and systematized,in part because of better technology to preserve plant genes and in part because of the rising alarm about climate change and its impact on world food production.
7．“We started thinking about this post-9/11and on the heels of Hurricane Katrina,”said Cary Fowler,president of the Global Crop Diversity Trust,a nonprofit group that runs the vault.“Everyone was saying,why didn’t anyone prepare for a hurricane before?We knew it was going to happen.
8．“Well,we are losing biodiversity every day—it’s a kind of drip,drip,drip.It’s also inevitable.We need to do something about it.”
9．This week the urgency of the problem was underscored as wheat prices rose to record highs and wheat stores dropped to the lowest level in35years.A series of droughts and new diseases cut wheat production in many parts of the world.“The erosion of plants’genetic resources is really going fast,”said Dr.Rony Swennen,head of the division of crop biotechnology at the Catholic University of Leuven in Belgium,who has preserved half of the world’s1,200banana types.“We’re at a critical moment and if we don’t act fast,we’re going to lose a lot of plants that we may need.”
10．The United Nations International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources,ratified in2004,created a formal global network for banking and sharing seeds,as well as for studying their genetic https://www.360docs.net/doc/1b17452322.html,st year,its database received thousands of new seeds.
11．A system of plant banks could be crucial in responding to climate crises since it could identify genetic material and plant strains better able to cope with a changed environment.
12．Here at the Global Vault,hundreds of gray boxes containing seeds from places ranging from Syria to Mexico were moved this week into a freezing vault to be placed in suspended animation.They harbor a vast range of qualities,like the ability to withstand drier,warmer climate.
挪威朗伊尔城——随着植物物种正在以骇人听闻的速度灭绝，科学家和各国政府正在创建全球网络性的植物库来储存种子和苗芽。人类可以利用这些珍贵的种芽资源确保充足的食物供应，以应对气候变化。本周，作为这种不懈努力的旗舰机构，“全球种子地库”接收了首批数百万种的种子。该地库建于北极的一座白雪皑皑的大山之中，其目标是储存和保护世界各地收藏的各类种子样本。
截至周四，成千上万个堆放整齐且贴有标签的灰色种盒在上釉的洞穴式结构中安家落户，如尼日利亚的豌豆、墨西哥的玉米。这些盒子就如已经备份了的电脑硬盘，以防世界上的植物物种会因自然灾害和人为破坏而消失。
通往种子地库的入口隧道，位于永冻带下约500英尺处，其设计旨在防御爆炸和地震。自动化数字监控系统用于控制温度并提供类似导弹发射井或福特诺克斯军事基地的安全保障。任何人都不单独拥有进入种子库的全部密码。
目前，世界上很多人士致力于收集种子及其种子基因的信息并使之系统化，全球种子地库是这种全球性努力的的一个缩影。气候变化专家称，这些信息要比金子还要贵重。在比利时的鲁汶，科学家正在搜集世界上的香蕉样本并将香蕉芽保存在液体氮中，以防其灭绝。法国也正在进行类似的努力，保护咖啡物种。很多植物，大多数是来自热带地区的植物，无法通过种子繁殖，不能产生可供储存的种子。
多年来，很多庞杂的种子库网络一直以随意的方式收集种子和苗芽。例如，墨西哥的实验室收藏玉米种，尼日利亚的实验室收藏木薯种。现在，正对这些分散的努力进行亟需的整合和系统化操作。之所以可以这样做，部分原因是储存植物基因技术的更新，部分原因是气候变化的警钟继续长鸣及其对世界粮食产量的影响。
卡里·福勒是一家负责管理种子库的非营利性组织全球作物多样性托管会的总裁，他说：“我们是在‘9·11’事件之后、尤其是卡特里娜飓风之后，开始有这个构想的。”他还说：“每个人都在问：为什么事先不作好迎接飓风的准备呢？我们明明知道会发生飓风的。”
他指出：“喏，我们每天都在损失生物多样性——一点一滴地在损失。这种损失没有止步的迹象，我们必须为此做点什么。”
本周，由于小麦价格上升到最高纪录水平和小麦储存量下滑到35年来最低水平，更加突出了这个问题的紧迫性。由于一连串的干旱及新的疾病，世界很多地方的小麦产量下降。罗尼·斯文奈恩博士现任比利时鲁汶天主教大学作物生物技术部主任，他保存了世界上1200种香蕉种的一半以上。斯文奈恩博士说：“植物基因资源正在受到快速侵蚀。”他还指出：“我们正处于关键时刻，如果不迅速采取行动，我们将失去很多我们需要的植物物种。”
已于2004年获得批准的联合国国际植物基因资源条约创建了一个正式的全球网络，旨在对种子进行储存和共享并对其遗传特征进行研究。去年，有成千上万的新种子在其数据库安家落户。
由于植物库系统能够识别出那些对环境变化适应能力较强的基因物质和植物种类，因而这种系统能在应对气候危机中发挥至关重要的作用。
本周，数以百计的装有种子的灰色盒子从叙利亚、墨西哥等地运至全球种子地库，藏于这个冷冻库之中。储存在这里的种子具有很多特性，如能够抵御较为干燥和较A为温暖的气候。
2009年5月24日三级笔译真题（英译中）
Last Friday an advisory panel to the European Environment Agency issued an extraordinary scientific opinion:The European Union should suspend its goal of having10percent of transportation fuel made from biofuel by2020.
The European Union's biofuel targets were increased and extended from5.75percent by2010to10
percent by2020just last year.Still,Europe's well-meaning rush to biofuels,the scientists concluded,had produced a slew of harmful ripple effects-from deforestation in Southeast Asia to higher prices for grains.
In a recommendation released last weekend,the20-member panel,made up of some of Europe's most distinguished climate scientists,called the10percent target"overambitious"and an"experiment"whose "unintended effects are difficult to predict and difficult to control."
"The idea was that we felt we needed to slow down,to analyze the issue carefully and then come back at the problem,"Laszlo Somlyody,the panel's chairman and a professor at the Budapest University of Technology and Economics,said in a telephone interview.
He said that part of the problem was that when it set the targets,the European Union was trying desperately to solve the problem of rising transportation emissions"in isolation,"without adequately studying the effects of other sectors like land use and food supply.
"The starting point was correct:I'm happy that the European Union took the lead in cutting greenhouse gasses and we need to control traffic emissions,"Somlyody said."But the basic problem is it thought of transport alone,without considering all these other effects.And we don't understand those very well yet."
The panel's advice is not binding and it is not clear whether the European Commission will follow the recommendation.
It has become increasingly clear that the global pursuit of biofuels-encouraged by a rash of targets and subsides in both Europe and the United States-has not produced the desired effect.
Investigations have shown,for example,rain forests and peat swamp are being cleared to make way for biofuel plantations,a process that produces more emissions than the biofuels can save.Equally concerning,land needed to produce food for people to eat is planted with more profitable biofuel crops,and water is diverted from the drinking supply.
In Europe and the United States,food prices for items like pizza and bread have increased significantly as grain stores shrink and wheat prices rise.
The price of wheat and rice are double those of a year ago,and corn is a third higher,the UN Food and Agriculture Organization said this week.
"Food price inflation hits the poor hardest,as the share of food in their total expenditures is much higher than that of wealthier populations,"said Henri Josserand of the Food and Agriculture Organization For example,the European Environment Agency advisory panel suggests that the best use of plant biomass is not for transport fuel but to heat homes and generate electricity.
To be useful for vehicles,plant matter must be distilled to a fuel and often transported long distances.To heat a home,it can often be used raw or with minimal processing,and moved just a short distance away
2009年11月15日三级笔译实物真题
英译汉
Plans are well under way for a year of celebrations to mark the upcoming bicentennial of one of Poland's favorite native sons-Frédéric,Chopin.
The prestigious International Chopin Competition for pianists will mark its16th edition in October2010.Held every five years,the competition draws scores of young musicians from all over the world.In addition, Warsaw's Chopin Museum,with the world's largest collection of Chopin documents and other artifacts,will undergo a total redesign,modernization and expansion.
A lavishly illustrated new guidebook called"Chopin's Poland"was already published this year.It leads visitors to dozens of sites in Warsaw and elsewhere around the country where the composer lived,ate,studied, performed,visited or even partied.
"Actually,Chopin doesn't need to be promoted,but we hope that Poland and Polish culture can be promoted through Chopin,"said Monika Strugala,who is coordinating the Chopin2010program under the aegis of the
Fryderyk Chopin Institute,a body set up by the Sejm in2001to promote and protect Chopin's work and image. "We want to confirm to all that he is a very,very important Polish symbol,"she said.Indeed,it's not much of an exaggeration to say that Chopin's music flows through the Polish national consciousness like some sort of cultural lifeblood.
The son of a Polish mother and a Frenchémigréfather,Chopin was born in a manor house at Zelazowa Wola, about50kilometers,or30miles,west of Warsaw,and moved to Warsaw as an infant.
The manor is something of a Chopin shrine-since the1930s it has been a museum and center for concerts.Like the Chopin Museum in Warsaw,it,too,is undergoing extensive renovation as part of bicentennial preparations. Chopin spent his first20years in and around Warsaw.He was already a noted pianist as a boy and composed concertos and other important works as a teenager.He carried Polish soil with him when he left Warsaw on a concert tour in1830,just a few weeks before the outbreak of the November Uprising,an abortive Polish revolt against Czarist Russia,which then ruled Warsaw and a broad swath of Polish territory.
Chopin remained in exile in France after the uprising was crushed.But so attached was he to his native land that after his death in Paris in1849his heart-on his own instructions-was brought back to Warsaw for interment.The rest of his body is buried in the Père Lachaise cemetery in Paris.
"For where your treasure is,there your heart will be also,"reads the Biblical inscription on a plaque where his heart is kept today,preserved in an urn and concealed in a pillar of the Holy Cross Church in central Warsaw. Mozart's"Requiem"will be performed here as part of Bicentennial events.
Exile and patriotism,as well as extraordinary genius,have long made Chopin's appeal transcend all manner of social and political divides.
Polish folk motifs thread through some of his finest pieces,and patriotic fervor,as well as homesick longing, infuse some of his best-known works.
汉译英
国际金融危机给中国带来了前所未有的困难和挑战。主要表现在：经济增长压力明显加大，进出口继续下滑，工业生产明显放缓，部分企业生产经营困难，就业难度加大。这场国际金融危机与中国发展方式转变、经济结构调整的关键时期不期而遇，新的挑战与既有矛盾相互交织，加大了我们解决问题的难度。
为应对国际金融危机冲击、保持经济平稳较快发展，中国及时调整宏观经济政策，果断实施积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策，形成了进一步扩大内需、促进经济增长的一揽子计划。
中国政府大规模增加政府支出，实施总额４万亿元人民币的两年投资计划，实行结构性减税政策，多次降息和增加银行体系流动性，大范围实施产业调整振兴规划，大力推进科技创新和技术改造，大力加强节能减排和生态环境保护，继续调整国民收入分配格局，大力拓展国内市场特别是农村市场，大幅度提高社会保障水平。
这些措施已取得初步成效。国内消费需求比较旺盛，投资需求稳步提高，社会大局保持稳定。
2010年5月9日人事部三级笔译真题回忆
英译汉（出自纽约时报2009.3.26）：
LECCO,Italy—Each morning,about450students travel along17school bus routes to10elementary schools in this lakeside city at the southern tip of Lake Como.There are zero school buses.
In2003,to confront the triple threats of childhood obesity,local traffic jams and—most important—a rise in global greenhouse gases abetted by car emissions,an environmental group here proposed a retro-radical concept: children should walk to school.
They set up a piedibus(literally foot-bus in Italian)—a bus route with a driver but no vehicle.Each morning a mix of paid staff members and parental volunteers in fluorescent yellow vests lead lines of walking students along Lecco’s twisting streets to the schools’gates,Pied Piper-style,stopping here and there as their flock expands.
At the Carducci School,100children,or more than half of the students,now take walking buses.Many of them were previously driven in cars.Giulio Greppi,a9-year-old with shaggy blond hair,said he had been driven about a third of a mile each way until he started taking the piedibus.“I get to see my friends and we feel special because we know it’s good for the environment,”he said.
Although the routes are each generally less than a mile,the town’s piedibuses have so far eliminated more than 100,000miles of car travel and,in principle,prevented thousands of tons of greenhouse gases from entering the air,Dario Pesenti,the town’s environment auditor,estimates.
The number of children who are driven to school over all is rising in the United States and Europe,experts on both continents say,making up a sizable chunk of transportation’s contribution to greenhouse-gas emissions. The“school run”made up18percent of car trips by urban residents of Britain last year,a national survey showed.
In1969,40percent of students in the United States walked to school;in2001,the most recent year data was collected,13percent did,according to the federal government’s National Household Travel Survey.
Lecco’s walking bus was the first in Italy,but hundreds have cropped up elsewhere in Europe and,more recently,in North America to combat the trend.
Towns in France,Britain and elsewhere in Italy have created such routes,although few are as extensive and long-lasting as Lecco’s.
链接：https://www.360docs.net/doc/1b17452322.html,/2009/03/27/world/europe/27bus.html?_r=2
汉译英（选自胡锦涛在联合国气候变化峰会开幕式上讲话):
全球气候变化深刻影响着人类生存和发展，是各国共同面临的重大挑战。气候变化是人类发展进程中出现的问题，既受自然因素影响，也受人类活动影响，既是环境问题，更是发展问题，同各国发展阶段、生活方式、人口规模、资源禀赋以及国际产业分工等因素密切相关。
归根到底，应对气候变化问题应该也只能在发展过程中推进，应该也只能靠共同发展来解决。中国已经制定和实施了《应对气候变化国家方案》，明确提出2005年到2010年降低单位国内生产总值能耗和主要污染物排放、提高森林覆盖率和可再生能源比重等有约束力的国家指标。
中国高度重视和积极推动以人为本、全面协调可持续的科学发展，明确提出了建设生态文明的重大战略任务，强调要坚持节约资源和保护环境的基本国策，坚持走可持续发展道路，在加快建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会和建设创新型国家的进程中不断为应对气候变化作出贡献。
今后，中国将进一步把应对气候变化纳入经济社会发展规划，并继续采取强有力的措施。一是加强节能、提高能效工作，争取到2020年单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放比2005年有显著下降。二是大力发展可再生能源和核能。三是大力增加森林碳汇。四是大力发展绿色经济，积极发展低碳经济和循环经济，研发和推广气候友好技术。