专题06 非谓语动词(讲学案)-2018年高考英语二轮复习精品资料 Word版含解析
专题06 非谓语动词（讲学案）
非谓语动词是高中英语教学的重点和难点，也是历届高考的重点项目。命题热点多是借助于基本概念，在语境中考查常用动词的各种非谓语形式以及个性动词后的非谓语形式。有时也涉及非谓语动词逻辑主语的一致性问题以及独立主格结构中非谓语的各种变化。其考点主要包括：
1．考查对谓语动词与非谓语动词的识别，要求明确句子的结构和意义，掌握非谓语动词的基本用法。
2．考查不定式和动名词作宾语的区别，要求掌握一些常见动词后面所接宾语的形式。
3．考查非谓语动词作定语、状语、补语时的区别，尤其是不定式、现在分词短语、过去分词短语所表示的不同时间、逻辑关系和意义。现在分词和不定式作结果状语时的区别应引起足够重视。
4．考查非谓语动词的否定式、完成式、被动式及复合结构，要求掌握其构成形式、所表示的时间以及逻辑关系。
一、非谓语动词作状语
1．不定式作状语
不定式作状语通常表示：(1)原因(多用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后)；(2)目的(可用so as to/in order to替换，但so as to一般不可置于句首)；(3)结果(常表出乎意料的结果，常为only to do)。
①We were very excited to hear the news.(原因)
②To get there on time I got up very early.(目的)
③He rushed to school only to find there was nobody there.(结果)
2．现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别
(1)现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。
Not knowing what to do，he went to his parents for help.
由于不知怎么办才好，他去找他父母帮忙。
(2)过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。
Given more attention，the trees could have grown better.
如果对这些树多关心一些，它们本来会长得更好。
(3)部分过去分词来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示被动关系，其前不用being。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着)、stationed(驻扎)、lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)、born in(出
身于)、dressed in(穿着)、tired of(厌烦了)等。
Lost/Absorbed in deep thought，he didn't hear the sound.
3．独立主格结构作状语
如果分词作状语的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，须在分词前面加上它自己的主语，这种结构叫独立主格结构，其作用相当于状语从句；有时也用with复合结构(with＋宾语＋宾语补足语)作状语。
(1)名词/主格代词＋现在分词
名词/主格代词与现在分词之间是主谓关系。
The girl staring at him(＝As the girl stared at him)，he didn't know what to say.
女孩两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。
(2)名词/主格代词＋过去分词
名词/主格代词与过去分词之间是动宾关系。
The problems solved(＝As the problems were solved)，the quality has been improved.
随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。
(3)名词/主格代词＋不定式
名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关系，且强调的是一次具体性的动作。
He is going to make a model plane，some old parts to help.
借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。
(4)with复合结构(with＋宾语＋宾语补足语)作状语，是用现在分词、过去分词还是动词不定式作宾语补足语，关键是看宾语和宾语补足语之间的关系。
With time passing by(time和pass之间为主动关系)，he almost forgot everything in the past.
随着时间的流逝，他几乎忘记了过去所有的事情。
He sat on the chair，with his hands tied(hands和tie之间为被动关系)behind his back.
他坐在椅子上，双手在背后捆着。
二、非谓语动词作主语、表语、宾语
1．非谓语动词作主语
(1)Laughing helps your body stay healthy and can even help you fight pain.(动名词作主语)
(2)To see is to believe.(不定式作主语)
(3)It is important to respect people.(不定式短语作主语，it作形式主语)
(4)It is no use crying over spilt milk.(动名词短语作主语，it作形式主语)
2．非谓语动词作表语
(1)动名词作表语时，说明主语的性质，回答what引导的问句。
(2)不定式作表语时，说明主语尚未发生的动作或表示将来的动作。
3．非谓语动词作宾语
非谓语动词作宾语的主要是不定式和动名词
(1)afford，agree，choose，determine，expect，decide，learn，offer，manage，hope，want，wish，promise，refuse，fail，pretend，happen等动词后跟不定式作宾语。
(2)appreciate，avoid，bear，consider，dislike，delay，enjoy，escape，finish，hate，imagine，keep，mind，miss，practise，postpone，resist，risk，stand，suggest等动词后跟动名词作宾语。
(3)以下动词后接不定式和动名词作宾语意义不同。
【特别提醒】
1．动名词作宾语时，可以带逻辑主语。此时，逻辑主语可以是物主代词、人称代词的宾格或所有格。
Do you mind my/me reading your paper?
你介意我看你的考卷吗？
2．作宾语的动名词和不定式除了一般式和主动式，还有完成式、被动式。完成式表示该动作比谓语动作先发生。否定式在doing/to do前加not。
(1)I regret not having taken her advice.(not须放在having前)
我感到遗憾，没有听从她的建议。
(2)They couldn't stand being treated like that.
他们不能忍受被那样对待。
(3)He decided to help me but I pretended to have finished my job.
他决定帮我，但我假装已经完成工作了。
三、非谓语动词作定语
1．不定式作定语表未来的动作且后置，它与所修饰的名词或不定式代词存在主谓、动宾或同位关系。
You are the third one to enter the room.(主谓关系)
I have something important to say.(动宾关系)
He has no opportunity to go abroad.(同位关系)
2．动名词作定语多前置，表示所修饰的事物的性能和用途。
a reading room(＝ a room for reading)
3．现在分词作定语表主动和进行，可转换为定语从句。
The question being discussed (＝which is being discussed) now is important.
4．过去分词作定语表被动和完成，也可转换为定语从句。
The question discussed(＝which was discussed) yesterday is important.
四、非谓语动词作宾语补足语
1．advise/allow/ask/beg/expect/encourage/force/get/invite/order/permit/persuade/tell/war n/wish等动词后面常用不定式作补语。如：
Tell the children not to play on the street.
The police warned us not to go out at night.
2．make/let/have等使役动词后面用不带to的不定式作补语，但在被动句中则使用带to的不定式。如：
They make the students do too much homework every day.
The students are made to do too much homework every day.
3．感官动词后面可用不带to的不定式或分词作补语。
从时间上看，不定式表示发生或完成；现在分词强调正在进行；过去分词表示完成。
从逻辑关系上看，不定式和现在分词与宾语之间存在着主谓关系；过去分词与宾语之间存在着动宾关系。如：
I saw him cross the street.
我看到他穿过了大街。
I saw him crossing the street.
我看到他正在穿过大街。
I saw him surrounded by a group of students.
我看到一群学生围着他。
五、非谓语动词的否定式、进行式、完成式和被动式
1．非谓语动词的否定式均是在前面加not。
He pretended not to see me.
I regret not following his advice.
Not having tried his best，he failed in the exam.
2．不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式。
当谓语动词表示的动作(情况)发生时，不定式动作正在进行，不定式要用进行式。
The boy pretended to be working hard.
当不定式的动作在谓语动作发生时，不定式要用完成式。
I happened to have seen the film.
当不定式的逻辑主语为不定式动作的承受者时，不定式要用被动式。
The patient asked to be operated on at once.
3．动名词的完成式、被动式、完成被动式和带有逻辑主语的复合结构。
We remembered having seen the film.
He came to the party without being invited.
He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.
His not knowing English troubled him a lot.
4．现在分词的完成式和被动式。
当现在分词的动作早于谓语动作发生时，现在分词要用完成式。
Having done his homework，he played basketball.
当现在分词的逻辑主语为其动作的承受者时，现在分词要用被动式。
The problem being discussed is very important.
Having been told many times，the naughty boy made the same mistake.
考点一、非谓语动词作状语
例1、(2016·新课标Ⅲ，63)Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal
________(create)special designs.
【答案】to create 【解析】句意：熟练的工匠也把硬木和金属结合在一起制作特殊的图案。此处为动词不定式作目的状语。
【变式探究】【2015·重庆】11. Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way____ the sun and the stars.
A. used
B. having used
C. using
D. use
【答案】C
【解析】句意：象古代的水手，鸟能利用太阳和星辰来找到他们的路。Using是伴随状语。
考点二、非谓语动词作主语、表语、宾语
例2、(2016·新课标Ⅰ，67)My ambassadorial duties will include ________(introduce)British visitors to the 120-plus pan das at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
【答案】introducing
【变式探究】【2015·陕西】18. Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother good care of at home.
A. taking
B. taken
C. take
D. be taken
【答案】B
【解析】句意：在非洲医疗援助两年回来后，Dr. Lee很高兴看见妈妈被照顾得很好。his mother和take care of是被动关系，用过去分词做宾语补足语，所以选B。
考点三、非谓语动词的否定式、进行式、完成式和被动式
例3、(2016·新课标Ⅲ，63)Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal
________(create)special designs.
【答案】to create
【解析】句意：熟练的工匠也把硬木和金属结合在一起制作特殊的图案。此处为动词不定式作目的状语。
【变式探究】【2015·浙江】18. Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it live is quite another.
A. perform
B. performing
C. to perform
D. being performed
【答案】D
【解析】句意：在家里面听音乐是一回事，去到现场听又是另一回事。hear sb/sth doing 表听到某人某物做某事。由于音乐是被演奏的，所以需要被动，所以选D。分析4个选项知道，答案所使用的是同一个动词，不同的是时态、语态或者是非谓语形式。 A是动词原形，B是非谓语现在分词形式，C是非谓语的不定式，D是非谓语的现在分词被动形式。分析句子结构以及用法，不难知道音乐是被演奏的，所以需要被动，所以选D。
1．（2017·江苏卷）Many Chinese brands, ____________ their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market.
A. having developed
B. being developed
C. developed
D. developing
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。brands是逻辑主语，和develop是主谓关系，所以用现在分词，表示伴随状况；再根据＂over centuries＂可知，应该使用现在分词的完成式，故选A。
2．（2017·江苏卷）21. Many Chinese brands, _______ their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market.
A. having developed
B. being developed
C. developed
D. developing
【答案】A
3．（2017·北京）Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online ______ their valuable time.
A. save
B. saving
C. to save
D. saved
【答案】C
【解析】句意：许多航空公司现在允许乘客网上打印他们的登机牌来节省时间。此处是动词不定式表目的，故选C。
4．（2017·北京）The national park has a large collection of wildlife, _________ from butterflies
to elephants.
A. ranging
B. range
C. to range
D. ranged
【答案】A
【解析】句意：国家公园有许多的野生动物，包括从蝴蝶到大象等等。此处野生动物和range之间是主动关系，用现在分词，故选A。
5．（2017·北京）Jim has retired, but he still remember the happy time _______ with his students.
A. to spend
B. spend
C. spending
D. spent
【答案】D
【解析】句意：Jim已经退休了，但是他依然记得和学生一起度过的快乐时光。句子已经有了谓语，空格只能填非谓语动词，逻辑主语是time，和spend之间是被动关系，故用过去分词spent。
6．（2017?天津）The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, _____ more patients to be treated.
A. being allowed
B. allowing
C. having allowed
D. allowed
【答案】B
7．（2017?天津）I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train ______.
A. catching
B. caught
C. to catch
D. to be caught
【答案】C
【解析】句意：在整个会议期间我一直在看钟表，因为我要去敢火车。根据上文判断出as引导原因状语从句，根据have在本句中，词义为“有”，根据固定结构 Sb have sth to do 某人又某事要做（在本句中to do 由主语完成），根据句意判断出本句符合本结构。故选C。
1．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，66)．..a TV show in the mid-1980s，when I was the first Western TV reporter________(permit)to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
【答案】permitted
【解析】句意：……那时我是第一个被允许拍摄一个特殊的关于照料……的单元的西方电视台记者。TV reporter和permit之间是被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语。
2．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，67)My ambassadorial duties will include ________(introduce)British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
【答案】introducing
【解析】句意：我的大使职责将包括把英国参观者介绍给成都的120多只大熊猫及其他一些在碧峰峡雾山中一个研究中心里的熊猫们。include为及物动词，后面应用动名词形式作宾语。
3．(2016·新课标Ⅱ，49)If you find something you love doing outside of the office，you'll be less likely ________(bring)your work home.
【答案】to bring
【解析】句意：如果你在办公室外面发现了你喜欢做的事情，你就不太可能把工作带回家去做。be likely to do sth.“可能做某事”。
4．(2016·新课标Ⅲ，63)Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal
________(create)special designs.
【答案】to create
【解析】句意：熟练的工匠也把硬木和金属结合在一起制作特殊的图案。此处为动词不定式作目的状语。
5．(2016·新课标Ⅲ，64)People probably cooked their food in large pots，________(use)twigs(树枝)to remove it.
【答案】using
6．(2016·四川， 64)For 25 days，she never left her baby，not even to find something
________(eat)!
【答案】to eat
【解析】句意：她25天都没有离开过她的孩子，甚至没找吃的东西。修饰不定代词something应用动词不定式作后置定语。
7．(2016·浙江，1)—Are you sure you're ready for the test?
—No problem.I'm well ________(prepare)for it.
【答案】prepared
【解析】句意：——你确定你准备好考试了吗？——没问题。我已经做好准备了。I作主语，be动词
后要接动词的-ed形式充当表语。
8．(2016·浙江，10)To return to the problem of water pollution，I'd like you to look at a study ________(conduct)in Australia in 2012.
【答案】conducted
【解析】句意：为了回到水污染的问题，我想要你研究一下2012年澳大利亚进行的研究。这里用过去分词表示被动和完成，充当定语修饰前面的名词study。
9．(2016·浙江，13)A sudden stop can be a very ________(frighten)experience，especially if you are travelling at high speed.
【答案】frightening
【解析】句意：突然停止会是一次可怕的经历，尤其是如果你正以高速运行的时候。主语是表示物的A sudden stop，所以be动词后面用动词的-ing形式作表语。
10．(2016·浙江，19)I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do ________(work)with students.
【答案】working
【解析】句意：我在海上航行和现在做的和学生一起进行的工作一样快乐。这里用现在分词表示伴随。
11．(2016·北京，26)________(make)it easier to get in touch with us，you'd better keep this card at hand.
【答案】To make
【解析】句意：为了与我们联系更方便一些，你最好把这张卡片随身带着。分析句子成分可知，本空在句中作目的状语，因此用不定式。
12．(2016·北京，28)________(order)over a week ago，the books are expected to arrive any time now.
【答案】Ordered
13．(2016·北京，32)Newly-built wooden cottages line the street，________(turn)the old town into a dreamland.
【答案】turning
【解析】句意：新建的小木屋排列在街道边，把这个古镇变成了一个人间仙境。本空动词没有连词与谓语连接，此时要用非谓语动词。cottages和turn是主动关系，故用现在分词作结果状语表示主动含义。
14．(2016·天津，4)The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows，________(make)air
conditioning unnecessary.
【答案】making
【解析】句意：凉爽的风通过卧室的窗户吹进来，没有必要开空调了。此处表示顺其自然的结果，The cooling wind与make是主动关系，故用现在分词短语作结果状语。
1.(2015·江苏，24)Much time (spend)sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
【解析】句意：大部分时间坐办公桌，办公室职员通常被健康问题所困扰。time 与spend之间构成被动关系，另外该题实际考查了非谓语动词的独立主格结构。
【答案】spent
2.(2015·湖南，30)When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted to the ground, (wonder)whether to stay or leave.
【解析】句意：当店员看到一张充满善意的脸上挂着满怀歉意的微笑时，她呆呆地站在原地，不知该走还是不走。wondering 是现在分词作伴随状语，修饰动词stood。
【答案】wondering
3.(2015·湖南，34)Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students (talk)over what is bothering them.
【答案】to talk
4.(2015·北京，21) (catch)the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.
【解析】句意：为了赶上早班飞机，我们提前预定了出租车并且很早就起了床。此处用不定式作目的状语，表示提前预定出租车并且早起的目的。
【答案】To catch
5.(2015·北京，23)The park was full of people, (enjoy)themselves in the sunshine.
【解析】句意：公园里挤满了人，他们在阳光下过得很快乐。people和enjoy之间是主谓关系，且非谓语动词动作与谓语动词的动作几乎同时发生，故用现在分词的一般式。
【答案】enjoying
6.(2015·北京，31)If (accept)for the job, you'll be informed soon.
【解析】句意：如果录用你做这份工作，你将会很快得到通知。句子的主语you和动词accept之间为
逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词。
【答案】accepted
7.(2015·浙江，18)Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it (perform)live is quite another.
【解析】句意：在家听音乐是一回事，去现场听音乐演奏是另外一回事。hear...doing...听到……正在做……，此处宾语it与动词perform之间为动宾关系，故要用现在分词的被动形式作宾语补足语。
【答案】being performed
8.(2015·重庆，6) (raise)in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.
【解析】句意：因为是在Glasgow 最贫穷的地区被抚养大，成为一名足球明星，他走过了一段很长很艰苦的路。分析句子成分可知此处是非谓语动词作状语，he和raise之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。
【答案】Raised
9.(2015·重庆，11)Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way (use)the sun and the stars.
【解析】句意：就像古时候的水手一样，鸟能利用太阳和星星找到它们的路。根据语境，use与其句中隐含的逻辑主语birds之间为主动关系，故用v.－ing形式的一般式，在句中作伴随状语，表示与find同时发生。
【答案】using
10.(2015·陕西，17)After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress，Anne Benedict went on (thank)all the people who had helped in her career.
【解析】句意：在获得奥斯卡最佳女演员提名奖之后，安妮·本尼迪克特继续感谢那些所有在她的事业中帮助她的人。考查固定搭配。go on to do继续做另一件事；go on doing继续做同一件事。获奖和帮助是两件事。
【答案】to thank
11.(2015·陕西，18)Back from his two－year medical service in Africa，Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother (take)good care of at home.
【答案】taken
12.(2015·天津，5) (absorb)in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching.
【解析】句意：沉迷于绘画中，约翰没有注意时间已到了傍晚。考查非谓语动词。此处的Absorbed in painting相当于原因状语从句Because he was absorbed in painting的省略。
【答案】Absorbed
13.(2015·天津，8) (work)for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
【解析】句意：工作了两天后，史蒂夫设法准时完成了报告。考查非谓语动词。动词work与句子主语Steve之间为主谓关系，故要用现在分词，同时work的动作发生在谓语动词managed to finish之前，故要用完成时形式。
【答案】Having worked
14.(2015·安徽，27) (ignore)the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.
【解析】句意：忽视两者研究成果的区别将是你犯的最糟糕的错误之一。考查非谓语动词的句法功能；该题考查动名词作主语。
【答案】Ignoring
15.(2015·福建，28) (learn)more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.
【答案】To learn
16.(2015·福建，33)In recent years an English word “infosphere” has appeared，(combine)the sense of “information” and “atmosphere”.
【解析】句意：最近几年，一个英语单词“infosphere”出现了，感觉是把“information”和“atmosphere”两个词结合在了一起。考查非谓语动词作状语，combine和其逻辑主语word是主动关系。
【答案】combining
1.（2014安徽卷）32．While waiting for the opportunity to get , Henry did his best to perform his duty.
A. promote
B. promoted
C. promoting
D. to promote
【考点】考察谓语动词用法
【答案】B
【解析】本题考察的非谓语动词的固定搭配“get+过去分词”，如“get burnt”被烫伤，get paid获得报酬；本句中的get promoted获得提拔。句义：在等待着背提拔的机会的时候，Herry全力以赴地尽好自己的责任。故B正确。
2.（2014北京卷）28. There are still many problems ______ before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.
A. solving
B. solved
C. being solved
D.to be solved
【考点】考察非谓语动词用法
【答案】D
【解析】本题考察的是非谓语动词的基本用法。现在分词doing表示主动或者正在进行的动作；过去分词done表示被动或者已经完成的动作，不定式to do 表示主动或者将要发生的动作。句意：在我们准备在月球上长期生活之前，还有很多问题有待于解决。根据句意可知很多问题还没有被解决，都是未来将要发生的事情，所以使用不定式。而这些问题又是要被解决的，所以使用不定式的被动语态。故D正确。
3.（2014大纲卷）23. Toady there are more airplanes _____ more people than ever before in the skies.
A. carry
B. carrying
C. carried
D. to be carrying
【考点】考察非谓语动词
【答案】B
4.（2014天津卷）7. Clearly and thoughtfully________, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.
A. writing
B. to write
C. written
D. being written
【考点】考察非谓语动词用法
【答案】C
【解析】本句考察的是非谓语动词做状语的用法。句中动词write与句子逐渐与the book构成逻辑上的被动关系，所以使用过去分词表示被动。排除AB项，因为AB项都表示主动，D项是现在分词的被动形式，表示动作正在被做。而本句的过去分词written表示被动和已经完成。句义：被写得很清楚很周到，这本
书激励着那些追求自己生活中的答案的学生。故C正确。
5.（2014重庆卷）5. The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras ______ to our shop for quality problems.
A.turning
B. returned
C. to turn
D. to be returned
【考点】考察非谓语动词
【答案】B
【解析】本题考察的是非谓语动词中分词做定语的用法。本句中的动词return与前面的名词cameras 构成逻辑上的被动关系，所以使用过去分词短语在句中做定语来修饰cameras，从语法作用上来说相当于一个定语从句which are returned ….。D项中使用的是不定式的被动形式，表示的将来要发生的事情。句意：这位生产商经常过来收集因为质量问题被退还的相机。故B正确。
6.（2014重庆卷）11.Group activities will be organized after class _____ children develop team spirit.
A. helping
B. having helped
C. helped
D. to help
【考点】考察非谓语动词用法
【答案】D
7.（2014福建卷）30. For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying________.
A. connected
B. connecting
C. to connect
D. to be connected
【考点】考察非谓语动词用法
【答案】A
【解析】系动词stay/get后面经常接过去分词转换的形容词，如get paid获得报酬。Get burnt被烫伤；本句中的stay connected保持联系。句义：对于那些家人在远方的人，电脑和电话在和家人保持联系方面是很重要的。故A正确。
8.（2014湖南卷）23.____your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.
A. Understanding
B. To be understood
C. Being understood
D. Having understood
【考点】考察非谓语动词
【答案】A
【解析】本题考察的是非谓语动词中的动名词做主语的用法。本句中的动名词定语understanding your own needs and styles of communication在句中是主语，单个的非谓语动词做主语，谓语动词要使用单数形式。句义：理解你自己的需要和交流方式和知道表达你的爱和情绪一样重要。本句不存在被动关系，排除BC项。D项是现在分词的完成式，表示的是已经完成的动作，与句义不相符。故A正确。
9.（2014湖南卷）27. There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland, _____at the night sky.
A. to stare
B. staring
C. stared D, having stared
【考点】考察非谓语动词
【答案】B
【解析】本题考察的是非谓语动词做状语的用法。前面句中的隐含主语是I，主语I和后面的动词stare 之间构成主动关系，所以使用现在分词做状语，表示该动词与前面句中的动词同时发生。句义：没有什么快乐可能和躺着草地上看着夜晚的天空更让人快乐！A项不定式表示的将来的动作故B正确。
10.（2014湖南卷）35. ourselves from the physical and mental tensions，we each need deep thought
and inner quietness.
A.Having freed
B. Freed
C. To free
D. Freeing
【考点】考察非谓语动词用法
【答案】C
11.（2014江苏卷）29. His lecture____, a lively question-and-answer session followed.
A. being given
B. having given
C. to be given
D. having been given
【考点】考察非谓语动词用法
【答案】D
【解析】本题较难，a lively question-and-answer session followed是一个完整的句子，本题的两
部分之间缺少连词，所以逗号前面的不能是句子，只能是一个独立主格结构。名词his lecture与动词give 之间构成被动关系，所以使用过去分词表示被动，排除B项。A项表示正在进行，C项不定式表示将要进行。都符合语义，D项having been done在做状语的时候相当于done。本句的独立主格结构His lecture having been given相当于After his lecture had been given。句意：他的演讲结束后，将是一个现场问答部分。故D正确。
12.（2014江苏卷）35.—! Somebody has left the lab door open.
—Don't look at me.
A. Dear me
B. Hi, there
C. Thank goodness
D. Come on
【考点】考察交际用语
【答案】A
【解析】本题考察的是交际用语。Dear me天哪！（表示惊讶）Hi，there嗨，你好；Thank goodness 谢天谢地；Come on加油；得了吧！句意：—天哪！有人让实验室的门开着。—不要看着我！不是我干的。根据句意可知前者对于实验室的门还开着很惊讶。故选择A项。
13.（2014江西卷）31. ___nearly all our money , we couldn’t afford to stay at a hotel .
A. Having spent
B. To spent
C. Spent
D. To have spent
【考点】考察非谓语动词用法
【答案】A
14.（2014江西卷）34.He is thought ___foolishly .Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job .
A. to act
B. to have acted
C. acting
D. having acted
【考点】考察非谓语动词用法
【答案】B
【解析】本句考察的是固定句式：Sb be though to…某人被认为…；如果表示的是一个已经完成的动作，就使用不定式的完成式，如果是正在进行的动作，就使用不定式的进行式。句义：他被认为表现很糟糕，现在他只能责怪自己丢了那份工作。根据句义可知他表现很糟糕是在丢掉工作之前，所以使用不定式的完成式。故B正确。
15.（2014山东卷）6. There is a note pinned to the door______ when the shop will open again.
A. saying
B. says
C. said
D. having said
【考点】考察非谓语动词
【答案】A
【解析】本句考察的是非谓语动词中的分词做定语的用法。本句中的名词note与动词say之间构成主动关系，所以使用现在分词短语作定语。D项是现在分词的完成式，表示已经完成的动作，这在上下文中没有体现。句义：有一个纸条被钉在门上，写着：商店什么时候再开门。本句中的saying相当于定语从句which says…。故A正确。
16.（2014山东卷）9. It’s standard practice for a company like this one______ a security officer.
A. employed
B. being employed
C. to employ
D. employs
【考点】考察非谓语动词用法
【答案】C
【解析】本题考察的是不定式的复合结构的用法。不定式的复合结构为：for sb to do sth；说明不
定式动作的发出者。如：It is difficult for you to solve the problem.句义：对于像这样的公司雇佣保安是非常标准的做法。故C正确。
17.（2014陕西卷）12. It’s quite hot today. D o you feel like _________ for a swim?
A. to go
B. going C go D. having gone
【考点】考察非谓语动词用法
【答案】B
【解析】本题考察的是固定搭配feel like doing sth想要做某事；动词短语feel like后面只能接
动名词做宾语。句义：今天很人，你想要去游泳吗？D项表示的是已经完成的动作。故B正确。
18.（2014陕西卷）20. ________ the difficult maths problem, I have consulted Professor Russell several times.
A. Working out
B. Worked out
C. To work out
D. Work out
【考点】考察非谓语动词用法
【答案】C
19.（2014四川卷）5. The manager was satisfied to see many new products ______ after great effort.
A. having developed
B. to develop
C. developed
D. develop
【考点】考察非谓语动词用法
【答案】C
【解析】此题考查的是过去分词developed作感官动词see的宾语many new products的补足语，因为develop与宾语products间为被动关系，故使用过去分词。句意：经理很满意地看见在付出巨大努力之后看到很多新产品被研发出来。A项表示的是主动关系，B项不定式表示为了将要发生的事情。故C正确。
20.（2014四川卷）7. — I hope to take the computer course.
— Good idea. ____ more about it, visit this website.
A. To find out
B. Finding out
C. To be finding out
D. Having found out
【考点】考察不定式做目的状语
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词中的不定式用法。动词不定式可以放在句首作目的状语，译为“为了…”。句意：——我想参加这个电脑课程。——好主意。要想得到更多有关的信息，请登陆这个网站。Visit this website是一个祈使句，表示建议。故A正确。
21.（2014天津卷）5. Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only _________ it didn’t fit
A. to find
B. found
C. finding
D. having found
【考点】考察非谓语动词用法
【答案】A
（2013·新课标I卷）35. The sunlight is white and blinding, _______ hard-edged shadows on the ground.
A. throwing
B. being thrown
C. to throw
D. to be thrown
【答案】A
【解析】句子主语the sunlight和throw是主动关系，故用现在分词。此处是现在分词短语作结果状语，表示自然的结果。故选A。句意：阳光炽白炫目，在地上投下浓重的阴影。
【考点定位】本题考查非谓语动词的用法。
（2013·新课标I卷）22. They might just have a place ________ on the writing course— why don’t you give it a try?
A. leave
B. left
C. leaving
D. to leave
【答案】B
【解析】此处left过去分词作定语修饰a place，被留下的留给写作课程的地方（机会）。句意：他们可能还有个学习写作课的机会，你为什么不试一试呢？
【考点定位】本题考查非谓语动词的用法。
（2013·新课标Ⅱ卷)5.I got to the office earlier that day, the 7:30 train from Paddington.
A.caught
B. to have caught
C. to catch
D. having caught
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意“那天我早到了办公室，（因为）赶上了7:30那趟来自帕丁顿的火车。”catch发生在got之前，应该用完成式，having caught表示原因，相当于because引导的原因状语从句。故选D。
【考点定位】非谓语动词。
（2013·浙江）19.There are some health problems that, when ____in time, can become bigger ones later on.
A.not treated
B. not being treated
C. not to be treated
D. not having been treated
【答案】A
【解析】句意：有很多健康问题，如果得不到及时处理的话可能会变得很糟糕。此处非谓语动词做条件状语，其逻辑主语是health problems，被动关系，一般式，相当于when they are not treated in time。注意BCD三个选项与A项的区别：B表示非谓语动词的动作与谓语动词同时发生；C项表示非谓语动词的动作发生在谓语动词之后；D项表示非谓语动词的动作发生在谓语动词之前。
【考点定位】考查非谓语动词。
（2013·浙江）7.______how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.
2018年高考英语总复习微专题训练
Ⅰ.语境填词 1．The ________(manage) decided to choose a responsible person to perform the task. 2．Gathering clouds ________(announce) the oncoming storm. 3．Smith said he is ________(innocence)，but many people think he is lying. 4．Now it became ________(evidence) that he spoke two languages at once. 5．He must be made to answer for these terrible ________(犯罪)． Ⅱ.单项填空 6．—Bob’s ________ the branches from the tree.Go and ________ for firewood.Bill!
—Do you think I’m really ________ for this kind of work? A．cut away；cut them up；cut through B．cut off；cut them down；cut through C．cut away；cut them up；cut out D．cut off；cut them down；cut out 7．—How are you going to ________ these problems? —I really don’t know what to ________.Will you help me out? A．deal with；do with B．deal with；do C．do with；do with D．do with；do 8．The word “ungelivable” based on Chinese，which has become a big hit online very quickly，________ a message that Chinese can also serve as an addition to English vocabulary. A．delivers B．simplifies C．declares D．clarifies 9．If you have any doubts about your health，you’d better________ your doctor at once. A．convince B．consult C．avoid D．affect 10．The company has got ________ from many users both at home and abroad for top-quality products and services.(2016·无锡一模) A．benefit B．apology C．credit D．envy Ⅰ.阅读理解 (2016·苏州一模) The newspaper must provide for the reader the facts，pure，unprejudiced，objectively selected facts.But in these days of complex news it must provide more；it must supply interpretation，the meaning of the facts.This is the most important
(全国用)2018年高考英语总复习 微专题训练 第66练 前缀(二)
第66练前缀（二） 高考高频单词与短语识记排查 在空格处填入适当的词(1个单词)或所给词的正确形式 1．Her arrest produced an immediate (react) from the press. 2．It can be used in (automatically) signal detection. 3．We are fully (wake) to the dangers of the situation. 4．Development of the area would (danger) wildlife. 5．The railroad gives free (transport) for a certain amount of baggage. 6．I enjoy (swim) in the pool in summer.
7．It took one week to transport clothes and medicine the disaster-hit area. 8．How do you react this modern artist’s paintings? 9．You should encourage her her attempts to become a doctor. 10．She told the children to be quiet while she was talking the telephone. 知识运用与写作能力专练 Ⅰ.语法填空 Once there was a magpie(喜鹊) who realized that one of his most prized coins was missing.So he called the best detectives in the forest：the hare(野兔) and the mouse. The mouse was a bit 1. (clever) than the hare；so，following the clues and using his 2. (reason) power，soon he got to the great labyrinth(迷宫) of tunnels under the forest.On entering，he saw Mr.Mole(鼹鼠)，but the mouse was very shy，so he said nothing to the mole about 3. he was there，and he carried on 4. (look) for the missing coin. The hare 5. (be) also a great detective，and，before long，he too arrived at the labyrinth.He was not a bit shy，and the first thing he did was ask the mole 6. he knew where the coin was.The mole was very 7. (please) to lead the hare to the coin.That coin 8. (bother) the mole for months， getting in the way of his tunneling. So the hare took the coin and collected his reward.The mouse,9. had been watching all this，learned a lot from it.From then on he would never allow 10. (shy) to take back all his good work.This approach soon turned him into the best detective in the forest. Ⅱ.短文改错 (2017·江西新余一中、宜春一中联考) E-books are a relatively recent invention.They are popular for a great many of rea sons.An e-reader takes up much less rooms in a suitcase: perfect for people who had to take several books on holiday.Besides，lots of people don’t reread books; an e-reader mean they don’t end up with a house filling with books they’ll never look at again.P eople say they’re more environmentally friendly: no trees cut down for paper，or no ink is needed.However，successfully these devices are，nothing can beat an appeal of a genuine book for me.After all，if I’m short in cash，I can always
高考英语二轮复习策略精选
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点复习这方面的知识.不要注重记多少题，重要的是记住老师在课堂上对这些题的分析过程.抄录资料或刊物上的讲解也是值得推荐的方法.到考试前再回顾、反思、比较、消化，以期达到遇到同类试题不再出错的目的.复习中要加强题型专项训练，在训练中提高解题能力和解题速度；尤其要重视听力训练，所选听力材料不宜过难，语速要适中.复习中应适当加强对重点内容的强化训练和题后分析，提高“考点识别、寻找已知条件、排错求证”的思维能力.训练快速阅读的能力，提高带着问题快速搜索信息，根据上下文提示进行逻辑推断的能力.多读一些原汁原味的文章，通过广泛涉猎，培养英语语感，提高对词、句、篇的理解速度和准确度.专项训练要多、模拟测试要适当. 强调阅读语速是语言实际运用的主要特征之一，一般应保持在60wpm左右，按照“高中英语课程标准”要求，高中毕业时甚至应该达到70―80wpm.在平时训练中一定要注意坚持阅读速度的要求.在真实语言环境中，所接触材料的篇章结构和语句结构往往是丰富多样的，需要通过自己平时的大量阅读实践掌握熟悉它们，考试中能够迅速突破，克服障碍，把握大意.选材中出现生词完全正常，平时培养处理词汇的能力，考试中才能应对所出现的各种情况，也正是真实语言运用中所需要的一种能力.阅读选材往往具有一定思想内涵，阅读中需要保持头脑清醒，在所提供的思维空间中捕捉观点与抽象概念，理顺思路，加深理解.训练形式也应该是精读与泛读相结合.不能一味地做阅读理解题，这样不利于培养学生的阅读能力.高考中很多考查项目都是以选择题形式出现的，但很明显，如果只用选择题来训练是不科学的.而在我平时教学和视导过程中，用大量选择题来“培养”学生语言运用能力的现象很普遍，需特别关注.另外，从运用语言的角度来看，所读材料为自己所不熟悉是完全正常的，应该让学生有此心理准备.尤其是英语语言文化背景鲜明的内容，需要凭借自己的阅读能力，读懂材料获取信息，解决问题，也正是成功运用语言的具体体现. 语言的输入决定语言输出，想写出更为地道的英文，必须通过听
2018年高考英语复习题大全134
. --- Now day has ______. --- OK. We have been staying up the whole night. A. begun B. gone C. lighted D. broken . He never gives himself any rest; he’s always at ______. A. those B. it C. himself D. that . _____ was known to them that Bob had broken his promise _____ he would give them a rise. A. What; what B. It; which C. As; that D. It; that . She keeps a supply of candles in the kitchen in case of power ______. A. drop B. lack C. failure D. absence . I think that he must be looking up the information in the library, ______? A. isn’t he B. don’t I C. do you D. must he . It doesn’t make ______ to buy that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good. A. decision B. promise C. sense D. peace . Miss Smith is a friend of ______. A. Mary’s mother’s B. the mother of Mary C. mother of Mary’s D. Mary’s of mother . The dog, _____, will be made a good watchdog. A. to train properly B. being trained properly C. properly to train D. trained properly . The -storeyed building, when _____, will shut out the sun _____ up the rooms in my house. A. completed; lighted B. completing; lighting C. completing; lighted D. completed; lighting . He is rather difficult to make friends with, but his friendship, _____, is more true than any other. A. once gained B. when to gain C. after gaining D. while gaining . _____ two years to looking after her mother, she badly needed a holiday. A. Devoted
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高三英语二轮专题复习七选五
2012届高三英语二轮专题复习----七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 （1） Are you truly happy? 1 These are important questions for anyone who is seeking happiness to ask themselves．The following are a few tips that I follow to create happiness in my life． ● Make a plan for attaining goals that you believe will make you h appy．Your moods will very likely increase if you are going after something you value． ●Surround yourself with happy people． 2 On the contrary, if you are around people who are happy, their emotional state will be infectious． ●When something goes wro ng, try to figure out a solution instead of being absorbed in self pity．Truly happy people don’t allow setbacks to affect their mood because they know that with a little thought they can turn the circumstances back to their favor． ● 3 These few minutes will give you the opportunity to focus on the positive things in your life and will lead you to continuous happiness． ● 4 You can treat yourself to lunch, take a long, relaxing bath or simply spend a few extra minutes on your appearance．Then you will be subconsciously（下意识地）putting yourself in a better mood． ●Finding the humor in situations can also lead to happiness．Find a way to make light of a situation that would otherwise make you happy． ●Keeping healthy is another way to achieve happiness． 5 A．It is easy to begin to think negatively when you are surrounded by people who think that way．B．Being overweight or not eating nutritious foods can have a negative effect on your mood． C．Do you ever know what it means to be happy and what it takes to achieve happiness? D．It’s also important to take some time each day to do something nice for yourself． E．Is true happiness hard to reach for most of us? F．Spend a few minutes each day thinking about the things that make you happy． G．Speak your trouble out to your close friends openly． （2） You can never be too sure these days in the United States of your neighbours or even your customers!
2018届高考英语(译林版)总复习真题研练68 Word版含解析
Task 1：阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。 (2015·浙江，C)If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars，we would go in darkness happily，the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal(夜间活动的) species on this planet.Instead，we are diurnal creatures，with eyes adapted to living in the sun's light.This is a basic evolutionary fact，even though most of us don't think of ourselves as diurnal beings.Yet it's the only way to explain what we've done to the night：We've engineered it to receive us by filling it with light. The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences—called light pollution—whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study.Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design，which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky.Ill-designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and completely changes the light levels—and light rhythms—to which many forms of life，including ourselves，have adapted.Wherever human light spills into the natural world，some aspect of life is affected. In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars，leaving behind a vacant haze (霾) that mirrors our fear of the dark.We've grown so used to this orange haze that the original glory of an unlit night—dark enough for the planet Venus to throw shadows on Earth—is wholly beyond our experience，beyond memory almost. We've lit up the night as if it were an unoccupied country，when nothing could be further from the truth.Among mammals alone，the number of nocturnal species is astonishing.Light is a powerful biological force，and on many species it acts as a magnet(磁铁)．The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being “captured” by searchlights on la nd or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms.Migrating at night，birds tend to collide with brightly lit tall buildings.
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10．I meet him occasion at the club or in the theatre. 知识运用与写作能力专练 Ⅰ.完形填空 (2017·贵州遵义航天高级中学模拟) I have forgotten the name of the old lady，who was a customer on my newspaper route.Yet it 1 in my memory that she taught me a lesson in 2 that I shall never forget. On a winter afternoon，a friend and I were 3 stones onto the roof of the old lady’s house near her garden.The 4 was to observe how the stones changed to missiles(导弹) as they 5 to the roo f’s edge and fell into the yard like comets(彗星) falling from the 6 .I found myself a perfectly smooth rock and threw it.The stone was too 7 ，however，so it slipped from my hand as I let it go and headed straight for a small 8 .At the sound of broken glass，we knew we were in 9 .We ran faster than any of our stones flew off her roof. I was too 10 about getting caught that first night to be 11 about the old lady with the broken window in winter. 12 ，a few days later，when I was sure that I ha dn’t been discovered，I started to feel 13 for her trouble.She still greeted me with a smile each day when I gave her the newspaper，but I was no longer able to act 14 when seeing her. I decided that I would save my paper delivery money，and in three weeks I had the seven dollars that I thought would 15 the cost of her window and sent it to her in an envelope. The next day，I 16 the old lady her paper.She thanked me for the paper and gave me a bag of biscuits she had made herself.I thanked her and ate the biscuits 17 I continued my route. After several cookies，I felt an envelope and pulled it out of the 18 .When I opened the envelope，I was 19 .Inside were the seven dollars and a short note that 20 ，“I’m proud of you.” 1．A.fails B．fades C．impresses D．remains 2．A.forgiveness B．value C．honesty D．gratefulness 3．A.collecting B．putting
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2018届高考英语二轮复习专题 mother died ____ hungry and cold Afrom,of Bof,from Cfrom,from Dofof 6 If you run ____ two hares you will catch neither Ainto Bafter Coff D out of 7 This is a mon mistake ____ students A between Bover C among D about 8 My father began to work ____ a bus driver when he was twenty years old Afor Bto Cat Das 9 _____ hearing the news, I was wild ____ joy A At, in B On, with C After, by D /, over 10I don’ t think Xiao Li is ____ the other students ____ mathematics A after, on B after, with C behind, in D behind, at 11 Nobody knows it ____ me A except for B except that C besides D but 12 The windois never opened ____ in summer A but B except C except for D but for 13 It happened ____ the Long March A during Bin Cat Dfor 14 We go to school ____ a bike Ain Bon Cby Dove 15 It’s very kind____ you to repair the bike ____ me Aforfor Bof,of Cof,forDfor,of 16 Fresh air is good ____ your health Aat Bfor Cof Dto 17The boy is waiting ____ his sister and they will go to
高考英语二轮复习策略
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可以朗读一篇文章，可以做若干个单项选择，可以听听力，可以翻看任何英语的杂志、报刊甚至小说等。总而言之，时间是海绵里的水，挤挤总是有的。当然，如果我们要复习一个比较重要的语法项目，或者做一套英语试题的时候，我们也需要相对完整的时间，但基于语言学习的灵活性，同学们要培养语言学习的意识。Learning is anytime, anywhere with anyone。(学习无处不在)有些学生在制定自己的复习计划时，把一个星期中的七天分别给了不同的科目，这样做是不太科学的。正确的做法是每天复习两至三科为宜，而英语虽然持续时间不需要很长，但每天都接触确实十分必要的。A little bit every day makes perfect(点滴铸就完美)。 三、多接触英语，少钻研语法 近几年的高考越来越重视同学们运用英语的能力，逐渐削弱了对于语法的考察。纵观一份高考英语试卷，单纯考察语法的题目几乎没有。善于观察的学生更会发现，即使是在语法聚集的单项选择题中，也是强调语境的理解。此外，还逐渐加大了词义、词语辨析的考察。完形填空的四个选项是没有语法的错误的，考察大家是否能够根据文章的意思，选择用法上最恰当的词。阅读理解更是考察大家对于篇章的理解。当然，语法并不是不重要，有很多重点的项目是需要同学们掌握的。只是提醒大家在复习的时候，要做到从语言的
【高三英语试题精选】2018届高三英语专项复习题：Unit 1 Disneyland
2018届高三英语专项复习题：Unit 1 Disneyland Do you remember ___ he came? -- Yes, I do He came by car A ho B when C that D if 6 It is generally considered unwise to give a child ____ he or she wants A however B whatever C whichever D whenever 7The reporter said that the UFO _____ east to west when he sait A was travelling B travelled C had been travelling D was to travel 8 A puter can only do _____ you have instructed it to do A ho B after C what Dwhen KeysDCAAABAC 二、阅读理解 AWalt Disney Walt Disney died in 1966, but hid work and his dreams did not die A negeneration of children watched his animal movies such as Snohite and even his old Mickey Mouse cartoons These are the sane Disney creations the parents and grandparents of these children enjoyed Millions of people also came to the United states to enjoy Disneyland in California and Disney World But although Disney’s work was extraordinary, in many ways Walt Disney was an ordinary man He was born in Chicago and had a rather typical childhood in the Midwest his family was not rich or successful In fact, his father failed in business several times Walt had to work hard, but he did not mind He did not mind hard work, and he did not give up easily One summer Walt wanted a fob at the post office, but they told