西安交大版 硕士英语综合教程1 (课后参考答案)

西安交大版硕士英语综合教程1 （课后参考答案）

Unit 1 LowCarbon Economy

Text A Creating a Low Carbon Economy

→III. Key to the Exercises

1. Reading Comprehension

a. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text.

1. B

2. B

3. A

4. C

5. B

b. Fill in the blanks with the information you’ve learned in the text.

(1) the result of the rapid build up of greenhouse gases primarily caused by human activities; we begin a concerted, rapid shift toward a low carbon economy

(2) climate represents the envelope within which all our natural systems operate

(3) the increased costs of damage from extreme weather events such as floods, droughts, hurricanes, heat waves, and major storms; the risk that such events affect global financial markets through higher or more volatile insurance costs; and the risk of abrupt and large scale climate change

(4) Scientific analysis of historic climate data and projections of future conditions, and state of the art computer models paint a stark picture of what is to come

(5) keeping average temperature to an increase in the range of 2.0℃to 2.4℃

2. V ocabulary

a. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text.

(1) adverse(2) stark(3) inflict(4) systematically(5) triggered

(6) improvident(7) incurred(8) alternative(9) lost out on(10) settled on

b. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.

(1) B(2) C(3) A(4) D(5) B(6) C(7) A(8) D(9) C(10) D

3. Cloze

Choose an appropriate word or phrase from the following list to fill in each of the following blanks. Each one can be used only ONCE. Change the form where necessary.

(1) embraced(2) sped up(3) running out(4) urgency(5) initiative

(6) specific(7) designated(8) contribute(9) incorporate(10) hampering

(11) reward(12) involved(13) adverse(14) adaptive(15) vulnerability

(16) alternative(17) context(18) due to(19) compensation(20) scheduled

4. Translation

a. Chinese to English

1) Translate the following sentences into English.

(1) Bending under the weight of the packs, sweating, they climbed steadily in the pine forest that covered the mountainside.

(2) Concentrating on time passing, as we do when bored, will trigger brain activity which will make it seem as though the clock is ticking more slowly.

(3) Unemployment shot up in France during the second quarter, and the country’s top finance

official said the situation will continue to aggravate even if a global economic recovery gathers pace. It was the worst quarterly unemployment in France since early 2006.

(4) As social practice continues to develop, we should keep renewing our ideas and make innovations courageously in light of practical needs.

(5) Bicycles are regarded as an economical alternative to buses whose fares have increased 3 times in the past few years.

(6) The U.S. government has called on people to save water because the scarcity of water has become a source of global tension ecologically, economically and politically.

(7) In order to be a recognized leader in the industry, it’s essential for a company to improve production quality and tap the overseas market through the help of state of the art technologies and equipment.

(8) If you are thinking about coming to Britain for Christmas, it might be a good idea to think again. That’s because thousands of Christmas travelers have been stranded in the UK as adverse weather conditions caused massive disruption to the transport infrastructure.

2) Translate the following paragraphs into English.

Scientists say the warming of the planet will be gradual, but that extreme weather events will increase in frequency and intensity. They say the effects of more storms, floods, droughts and heat waves will be abrupt and profound. The World Health Organization says the effects of so called climate sensitive diseases already are killing millions of people.

Climate change is a global phenomenon. While no country will be exempt, she says its consequences will not be evenly distributed. The WHO chief says poor countries that already are struggling with huge problems will be most affected. Fragile health systems in the developing world will come under increased stress. They will have great difficulty coping with the increased burden of disease and other health problems.

b. English to Chinese

1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.

很多权威的气候学家们都曾发出过这样的警告: 如果我们现在的温度超过工业化前2摄氏度( 3.6华氏度)的话,我们将会迈进一个危险的未知国度。没有人能知道到底全球变暖达到多少度会变得无法控制,并且造成像干旱、洪水、飓风以及热浪等自然灾害的逐渐恶化,造成诸如格陵兰岛或西南极洲大冰原坍塌以及伴随的全球海平面上升等意外的灾难性变化。但是我们还依然在我们唯一的家身上不断做着危险而又不受约束的尝试,这也是为什么越来越多的年轻人开始将气候变化视为他们这一代人的一项挑战。

2) Read the following passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. (1) 双方相信,应对气候变化应该尊重发展中国家把经济和社会发展作为优先事项,并相信向低碳经济转型是促进所有国家经济持续增长和可持续发展的机会。

(2) 中美双方决心根据各自国情采取重要减缓行动,并认识到两国在促成加强世界应对气候变化能力的可持续成果方面具有重要作用。双方决心支持这些承诺。

(3) 在此背景下,双方致力于在哥本哈根会议达成最终的法律协议,同时相信,在共同但有区别的责任原则和各自能力的基础上,达成的成果应包括发达国家的减排目标和发展中国家的国内适当减缓行动。

(4) 基于中美两国在电动汽车领域的巨大投资,两国政府宣布在十几个城市开展联合示范项目,并努力开发共同的技术标准以推动此产业规模快速增长。

(5) 通过该伙伴关系,两国将就大规模利用风能、太阳能、先进生物燃料和现代电网制定路线,

在设计和执行实现这一远景所需的政策和技术手段方面进行合作。

Text B Living a Low Carbon Lifestyle

Key to the Exercises

a. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.

(1) perilously(2) in harmony with(3) tricky(4) nurture(5) make a difference

(6) insulated(7) deplete(8) step back(9) sustain(10) by way of

b. Complete the sentences with the information given in the text.

(1) more efficient, kinder, fair, above all sustainable

(2) keep you comfortable, make life easier, do the things you want to do

(3) simplify the meter reading process, easy and enlightening, fun

(4) are lined and not covering radiators

(5) coming on, warm enough, you’re not heating rooms

(6) find a balance between the actions we can do, having to compromise on our quality of life

(7) for the strictly necessary amount of time, hot/warm food

(8) the curtains, the doors between rooms

(9) reducing our energy consumption, travelling more efficiently

(10) easily re used and recycled, with the lowest packaging

c. Decide whether the statement is TRUE or FALSE according to the text.

(1) T(2) F(3) T(4) F(5) F(6) F(7) T(8) F(9) T(10) F

Unit 4 Artificial Intelligence

Text A The Future of Artificial Intelligence

→III. Keys to the Exercises

1. Reading Comprehension

a. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text.

(1) B(2) C(3) A(4) C(5) A

b. Fill in the blanks with the information you’ve learned in the text.

(1) clean our floors, mow our lawns and, in general, eliminate drudgery from our lives

(2) the computer based artificial brain is still well below the level of sophistication needed to build a humanlike robot

(3) the same kind of perception, cognition and thought as humans

(4) generate positive and negative reinforcement signals in predefined circumstances

(5) become quite formidable and will outperform human beings in any conceivable area of endeavor, intellectual or physical

2. V ocabulary

a. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text.

(1) attest(2) disoriented(3) elusive(4) negate(5) progeny

(6) outstrip(7) versatile(8) meld(9) contingency(10) mainstay

b. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.

(1) A(2) D(3) B(4) A(5) D(6) C(7) D(8) D(9) B(10) B

3. Cloze

Choose an appropriate word or phrase from the following list to fill in each of the following blanks. Each one can be used only ONCE. Change the form where necessary.

(1) cover(2) battlefield(3) deployed(4) initiating(5) aerial

(6) problematic(7) arise(8) mindful(9) vital(10) goes

(11) robotics(12) provided(13) collection(14) ethical(15) endowed

(16) traits(17) expression(18) dumb(19) guidelines(20) stupid

4. Translation

a. Chinese to English

1) Translate the following sentences into English.

(1) It often happens, however, that thinking lags behind reality; this is because man’s cognition is limited by numerous social conditions.

(2) Something big was in the offing, so big that the workers at the Simonson plant had been virtually placed under arrest to prevent any information from leaking out.

(3) Only by understanding the nature of thinking mode, can man bring forth new ideas in philosophy, and the crux of philosophical innovation lies in the change o f man’s thinking mode. (4) From then on, he struggled in his attempts to overcome his humble origins and insinuate himself into upper class society.

(5) It’s a far cry from the days when I was just a clerk in a supermarket and nobody paid me any attention.

(6) The invention of microprocessors set the stage for the arrival of the microcomputer, or personal computer—an affordable machine for the masses.

(7) So there’s no such thing as an enemy in absolute terms. The enemies we fight are only in relative terms, constantly changing with the times.

(8) Taiwan , viewed from the historical facts and the international law, is beyond dispute one part of Chinese sacred territory and it is an inviolable mission of the entire Chinese people to reunify the motherland.

2) Translate the following paragraph into English.

Sales of professional and personal service robots worldwide were estimated to have reached about 5.5 million this year—and are expected to more than double to 11.5 million by 2011—yet there is little or no control over how these machines are used. Some help busy professionals entertain children; other machines feed and bathe the elderly and incapacitated. “We need to look at guidelines for a cut off so we have a limit to the contact with robots”one expert said. “Some robots designed to look after children with them for hours, or even days. At the other end of the age spectrum to child care, the relative increase in many countries in the population of the elderly relative to available younger care givers has spurred the development of elder care robots.”

b. English to Chinese

1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.

计算的能力当然与生存无关,然而随着语言改变了人类的文化,至少是我们大脑的一小部分已进化成了一种勉强可以称为通用机器的东西。这个机器的一个特点就是它能服从一系列随意的指令,而这些指令可以通过语言进行传递并得以执行。但是由于我们把数字看成是复杂的东西,将它们写下来并用以完成其它类似的功能,所以我们处理数字的方式显得非常笨拙,并且效率不高。我们用上百亿个神经细胞花好几分钟进行的运算通过上百个计算机,尤其是那些经过重新设置用于计算的计算机,可以在几毫秒就完成。

2) Read the following passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. (1) 但它们并不是用高出一筹的逻辑和力量统治人类,而是有可能导致一个与他人完全隔绝的底层人群的产生。

(2) 机器人正被引入潜在的敏感情境中,这可能导致(被服务者)与世隔绝的状态,因为人们在给机器人设定指令后,往往很长时间不再问津。

(3) 许多机器人被设计成玩具,但它们也能扮演照看孩子的角色: 监督孩子的一举一动,通过无线电脑连接或移动电话与另一个房间甚至另一座建筑物内的家长联络。

(4) 但是由于机器人保姆能在身体上保护孩子的安全,可能会造成孩子一天数小时或者几天都不与人接触,同时不同程度的与社会隔绝对孩子成长可能造成的心理影响目前还不清楚。

(5) 护理老年人的机器人能帮助老年人在自己家中自理,但它们的存在可能会使老年人完全处于机器人照顾之下,从而面临缺乏足够的与人交流机会的危险。

Text B Revenge of the Nerds

Key to the Exercises

a. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.

(1) in full swing(2) awestruck(3) imminent(4) daunting(5) affable

(6) relish(7) omniscience(8) outlandish(9) alien(10) harness

b. Complete the sentences with the information given in the text.

(1) the Silicon Valley dollar

(2) the transformative moment

(3) “the world’s first cyborg”

(4) current singularitarian in chief, inventor Ray Kurzweil

(5) genetics, nanotechnology and robotics

(6) The sense of imminence and immediacy

(7) not just language but complex abstractions

(8) anything being dangerous or sentient

(9) people were scared of these machines

(10) cryonic suspension

c. Decide whether the statement is TRUE or FALSE according to the text.

(1)T(2) F(3) T(4) F(5) F(6) F(7) T(8) T(9) T(10) F

unit6 Urban Life

Text A How the City Hurts Your Brain, and What You Can Do about It →III. Key to the Exercises

1. Reading Comprehension

a. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text.

(1) C(2) A(3) B(4) B(5) C

b. Fill in the blanks with the information you?ve learned in the text.

(1) the city has always been an engine of intellectual life; it is not easy to live in the city because it spreads terrible diseases and is far away from nature with considerable pressures

(2) it forces our brain to take energy and effort to monitor every potential threat on the busy and n oisy streets and constantly redirects our attention, which exploits one of the crucial weak spots of t he brain

(3) natural settings are full of objects that automatically capture our attention without triggering a negative emotional response and thus our brain which directs attention can relax deeply and replen ish itself

(4) the brain is assaulted with temptations and resisting these temptations requires the brain to use the part of it that is responsible for directed attention, which means that it?s already been exhausted by walking around the city and then will fail to exert self control (5) they are the centers of social activities that largely lead to urban creativity as strangers interact with each other in unpredictable ways 2. Vocabulary

a. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text. (1) overlooking(2) migrations(3) thoroughfare(4) layout(5) hectic

(6) wellspring(7) corollary(8) undiluted(9) myriad(10) vibrant

b. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. (1) B(2) B(3) A(4) D(5) C(6) D(7) A(8) A(9) B(10) D

3. Cloze

Choose an appropriate word or phrase from the following list to fill in each of the following blank s. Each one can be used only ONCE. Change the form where necessary. (1) control(2) otherwise(3 ) revenue(4) neighboring(5) announced (6) crossroads(7) taking(8) imposing(9) maximize(10) pro sperity (11) rather(12) though(13) accomplish(14) making(15) pave (16) gradually(17) sparing(18) Under(19) instead(20) lower

4. Translation

a. Chinese to English

1) Translate the following sentences into English.

(1) There are a lot more wonderful and exciting things waiting for you in New Beijing, a dynamic modern metropolis with 3,000 years of cultural and historical treasures woven into the urban prosp erity.

(2) He is such an enthusiastic football fan that he tends to hold forth on his favorite team whenever it is mentioned.

(3) The educational system has to be able to outfit the young generation with necessary knowledge , attitudes and values that would ensure they are in time for the new age in which there might be n o jobs but only opportunities.

(4) The anxious mother searched high and low for her missing son, only to find him sleeping soun

d in th

e mess o

f toys in his own bedroom.

(5) In order to find better detection and treatment, the hospital will actively cooperate with a local research institute to look for genetic markers that correlate with this chronic disease.

(6) The accounting system of an enterprise consists of the methods, procedures, and devices used by an economic entity to keep track of its financial activities and to summarize these activities. (7) When she graduated from college, Cindy decided to go back to work in the orphanage where she had been brought up, because her heart was overstuffed with gratitude and warmth for those who had generously helped her in her growth and she wanted to be like them also to give help to the ki ds who had lost their parents.

(8) NASA planned to splurge on the feasibility of the project of sending astronauts to Mars and ha ving them settle down on it.

2) Translate the following paragraph into English.

Expo 2010 Shanghai is the first Expo held by a developing country, the first held in the downtown area of a mega city, and it was held under the shadow of the international financial crisis. This is a severe test to C hina and Shanghai . Over the past eight years, we mobilized resources throughout the country and

pooled the wisdom of the world in the preparation for the Expo. The people of Shanghai , in partic ular, made selfless contributions and the International Exhibitions Bureau and host countries of pa st Expos provided valuable guidance. The success of the Expo could not have been possible witho ut the tireless efforts of many people, including the organizers, construction workers, staff member s, visitors and volunteers. It is theirsincerity, wisdom and hard work that have rendered splendor to the Expo. On behalf of the Chinese government, I wish to express heartfelt gratitude and pay high tribute to all the comrades and friends who have participated in, supported and contributed to the Shanghai Expo. b. English to Chinese

1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.

然而,这些大草原式的公园实际上对大脑并无多少益处。在最近发表的一篇论文中,昆士兰大学生态学家理查德?富勒发现,绿色空间的心理效益与植物种类的多样性密切相关。如果一个城市公园中树木的品种较多,则在这里呆过的受试者在各种心理健康测试中的得分都较高,至少与其在生物多样性较少的公园呆过后相比是这样。“我们非常担忧城市化对于其他物种的影响,”富勒说。“但是我们人类也受到了影响。绿色空间能让我们放松、休息,这就是对其进行投资的重要原因。” 2) Read the following passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.

(1) 二月份在位于东69号大街附近风景如画的公园人行道上,一棵美国榆树的树干断落,造成一名46岁的布鲁克林男子死亡,其原因是厚重的积雪使之不堪重负。

(2) “除非把城市中的每一棵树都砍倒,否则无法保证树干脱落的情况不会发生,”市长在新闻发布会上说道。

(3) 为了减少意外事故的危险,位于中央公园的25000棵树木受到定期检查、修剪——这一任务落在了“中央公园保护组织”身上,这是一个私人的非营利性组织,承担公园大部分的日常维护、经营和预算任务。

(4) 纽约市五百二十万棵树木的其它部分由城市公园管理部负责维护,该部门2009年处理了8500个有关危险树枝的报告,伐除已死亡或存在潜在危险的树干、树枝。

(5) 布鲁伯格2007年宣布,作为改善公共卫生及环境方案的一部分,未来十年还要在纽约再种植一百万棵树木,因此这些数字还有可能增长。 Text B The New Age Cavemen and the City Key to the Exercises

a. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary. (1) i ndisputable(2) are replicated(3) communal(4) solitary(5) aspiring (6) misdemeanor(7) intermittentl y(8) jaunty(9) indigenous(10) hardcore

b. Complete the sentences with the information given in th

e text. (1) spook a female guest (2) that were unavailable

(3) sprinting and jumping

(4) all around physically fit men (5) a reference standard

(6) a challenging environment (7) “hunter gatherer” (8) various hardships (9) scowled at a tomato plant (10) a regain of the fortitude

c. Decide whether the statement is TRUE or FALSE according to the text. (1) F(2) F(3) F(4) T(5) T(6) F(7) F(8) T(9) T(10) T

Unit 7 Mass Media

Text A A TV Critic in the Post TV World

→III. Key to the Exercises

1. Reading Comprehension

a. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text.

(1) B(2) C(3) B(4) A(5) A

b. Fill in the blanks with the information you’ve learned in the text.

(1) downloading TV to avoid ads, Netflixing series to watch them in one big marathon, enjoying the convenience or portability, cutting the cable or satellite bills to save money in hard times, using online video as a backup

(2) you experienced a broadcast exactly when and how millions of others did: you did it at home, with friends or family, in front of a stationary machine in a dedicated room, preferably with snack chips; TV broadcasts have become raw material to be organized and edited in a collective online canon for you to view online whenever and wherever

(3) five to seven minutes seem to be the sweet spot for a webisode, if a video doesn’t grab him immediately, he kills it; if a show does engage him, the connection is deeper because he will focus on it physically and mentally

(4) finding a show online is more like rummaging through a new and used bookstore; like reading, viewing online TV is solitary because you don’t gather the family around you; when viewing online TV, you hold a screen in your hand, balance a laptop or sit at a desk. Like holding

a book while reading, there’s a small

b ut constant effort, the tiniest bit of physical feedback

(5) the differences between big screen and tiny screen; whether the story shown on the screen can be good enough to touch his emotion and to linger and replay inside his head

2. V ocabulary

a. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text.

(1) piracy(2) budget(3) whir(4) animation(5) stationary

(6) tactile(7) faucet(8) lush(9) rummage(10) premiere

b. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.

(1) B(2) D(3) A(4) C(5) B(6) A(7) A(8) D(9) C(10) B

3. Cloze

Choose an appropriate word or phrase from the following list to fill in each of the following blanks. Each one can be used only ONCE. Change the form where necessary.

(1) where(2) with(3) multitude(4) promote(5) possible

(6) without(7) become(8) notorious(9) Only(10) consisted

(11) primarily(12) multiple(13) increasingly(14) focus(15) dominated

(16) as(17) controversial(18) While(19) influence(20) perspectives

4. Translation

a. Chinese to English

1) Translate the following sentences into English.

(1) Now people in Tibet are highly conscious of the importance of protecting wild animals, and the once rampant hunting of Tibetan antelopes has been brought under control.

(2) The journalist had been traveling a lot lately—to Iceland to interview the famous actress there; to Hollywood for the Oscars—but he was stingy with details.

(3) We should adhere to the policy of expanding domestic demand, continue to implement the proactive fiscal policy and prudent monetary policy, and ensure a double pull effect on economic growth from both consumption demand and investment demand.

(4) The employees of the Human Resource Department have to sift through very carefully the application forms that just came in this morning to separate the wheat from the chaff.

(5) Making its debut in 1994, Friends and its cast of easy going single people caught on with viewers looking for an escape from the fast paced 1990s.

(6) On the new Pocket PCs, the interface looks more like Palm’s, complete with larger icons and fewer pull down menus.

(7) Over the next five years, he continued to evolve his own unique musical style—a style that would become the template for a whole new musical genre.

(8) What I love most is to arrive in a place I have never been before and immerse myself in a new culture and environment—to experience first hand what I thought I knew, but which turns out to be much more interesting and surprising once you are there.

2) Translate the following paragraph into English.

Journalists and TV people, we know, are supposed to record what goes on; but in trying to get the best record they can, they may sometimes seem amazingly cold blooded. Some of the seediest of journalists, whether we’re talking about the Middle East or Northern Ireland, are those who pile one set of adjectives like squalid, butchering, oppressive for terrorism of whose aims they disapprove, and quite another set like committed or dedicated for the same thing done by those they like. But that is far from the whole problem. People complain journalists not because that they behave badly in the course of duty, but for their inability torecoil into a human being when it’s over.

b. English to Chinese

1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.

像阅读一样,在线看电视是一项较为孤独的活动。你不会把家人聚集在你的麦金塔电脑跟前看“超级碗”的比赛。然而在某些方面在线看电视又更具社会交往性。由于没有网络电视收视指南可依靠——虽然一些刚起步的公司,如https://www.360docs.net/doc/584677622.html,,正在朝这个方向努力——因此你的社会关系就成为了你的电视指南。那种促使人们定期收看电视节目的社交互动性,凭借手中的笔记本电脑,甚至会变得更加直接密切。当我收看《迷失》的时候,总是会急于在博客上发帖——一方面是想发表自己的看法,但更多是想看到别人“灌”的评论,想了解他们的看法。节目播完了,可好戏才刚刚上演。

2) Read the following passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. (1) 据说,PowerPoint正在将语篇简化为点句。搜索引擎则降低了我们的智力,使我们只是浮光掠影般地接受知识而非追求知识的深度。

(2) 20世纪50年代,当漫画连环册被指责将青少年变成不良分子时,当时的犯罪率却降到了历史最低。同样,与20世纪90年代对电视游戏的讨伐相伴随的是美国犯罪率的大幅下降。(3) 我们不妨以科学的发展状况来进行验证,因为科学要求高水平的脑力劳动,是否有新发现是其明确的衡量标准。如今,科学家们已经变得离不开电子邮件,几乎不用纸张,没有PowerPoint就没法讲课。

(4) 就像原始人认为吃猛兽会使他们变得凶猛,媒体批评家们设想,观看快速剪辑的摇滚视频会把你的精神生活变成快速剪切,而阅读点句和Twitter上的帖子会使你的思想简化为要点和微博。

(5) 人们并非自然而然就可获得深刻思考、彻底调查和严格论证这样的习惯。这些习惯必须

到我们称为“大学”的特殊机构习得,必须通过我们所谓“分析、批判和辩论”的不断锤炼来维持。

Text B What is Mass Media

Key to the Exercises

a. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.

(1) mediation(2) bestow(3) deceptively(4) censorship(5) cater to

(6) elite(7) prevalent(8) coincide with(9) imperative(10) consensus

b. Complete the sentences with the information given in the text.

(1) purpose, scope, cultural context

(2) facts and interpretation of facts

(3) newspapers, radio, computer

(4) deciding what to report

(5) crime, disaster, conflict

(6) hoist their placards, start chanting

(7) tight budgets and fierce competition

(8) exerts control over the media

(9) Technological advances

(10) stabilizing and civilizing

c. Decide whether the statement is TRUE or FALSE according to the text.

(1) F(2) T(3) F(4) F(5) T(6) T(7) F(8) F(9) F(10) F

Unit 9 Car Culture

Text A Cars—Paradise Found and Paradise Lost →III. Key to the Exercises 1. Reading Comprehension

a. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text.

b.(1) B(2) C(3) C(4) A(5) B

b.Fill in the blanks with the information you?ve learned in the text.

(1) individualistic; innovative

(2) send their products to distant markets; the demands of family structure; social mobility; the out side world; convenient services; family care

(3) unbalanced material and cultural; inequality

(4) the improvement in car design; support from some emerging industries

(5) the influences of consumer culture; radical and economic segregation

2. Vocabulary

a. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text. (1) perpetuate(2) posed(3) Skepticism(4) stereotypical(5) unflinching

(6) Infatuation(7) breadwinner(8) cliché(9) degradation(10) avant garde b. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. (1) B(2) A(3) A(4) D(5) D(6) D(7) B(8) A(9) B(10) D 3. Cloze

Choose an appropriate word or phrase from the following list to fill in each of the following blank s. Each one can be used only ONCE. Change the form where necessary. (1) expensive(2) suggeste d(3) In the face of(4) embodiment (5) unemployed (6)risen(7)once

abandoned(8) undergoing(9) ultimate(10) deeper (11) accessible(12) dealt(13) connections(14) loc alised(15) point out (16) supermarket(17) question(18) dot(19) isolated(20) afford 4. Translation

a. Chinese to English

1) Translate the following sentences into English.

(1) After thirty years’ experience of reform and opening up, Chinese people have come to realize that new economy and globalization have become an una voidable fact and an irreversible trend.

(2) This heart to heart talk between the two countries helped to eliminate their deep seated misunderstanding, and appropriately solve their trade disputes, thus creating a win win situation.

(3) There was such an outcry when the Government put forward its proposals that it was forced to bow before the storm and withdraw them.

(4) These documents reflect the central authorities

? deep understanding of the important position and ro1e of the population issue and their firm deter mination to take comprehensive measures to address the population problem.

(5) To better prepare the soil for planting wheat, the farmers had their field churned up by tractors.

(6) Many large companies outsource their Web sites to hosting companies because those compani es offer management services, taking care of security, updating software and providing site monitoring services.

(7) To obtain lasting peace, it is imperative to abandon the cold war mentality, cultivate a new con cept of security and seek a new way to safeguard peace.

(8) He had one quite reasonable offer for his used car, but turned it down. Then he could find no ta ker at all. He learned with a vengeance that a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.

2) Translate the following paragraph into English.

Although Henry Ford?s name is closely associated with the concept of mass production, he should receive equal credit fo r introducing labor practices as early as 1913 that would be considered advanced even by today?s standards. Safety measures were improved, and the work day was reduced to eight hours, compa red with the ten or twelve hour day common at the time. In order to accommodate the shorter work day, the entire factory wa s converted from two to three shifts. In addition, sick leaves as well as improved medical care for t hose injured on the job were instituted. The Ford Motor Company was one of the first factories to develop atechnical school to train specialized skilled laborers and an English language school for i mmigrants. Some efforts were even made to hire the handicapped and provide jobs for former con victs. The most widely acclaimed innovation was the five dollar a day minimum wage that was offered in order to recruit and retain the best mechanics and to discou rage the growth of labor unions.

b. English to Chinese

1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.

汽车是20世纪最持久的自由象征之一,是现代生活中的佩加索斯,带领人们一头扎入未来的漩涡,也使得人们能够远离生活中的种种烦愁。自从汽车诞生后,艺术家们抑或以它为主题抑或以它为目标,创造和延续一个又一个现代神话。然而,塞翁得马,焉知非祸。飞马佩加索斯在被英雄柏勒罗丰俘获后帮助其完成了一件件伟大的功绩,但当它发现柏勒罗丰自我膨胀后就突然消失得无影无踪。这难道不是对现代人类的一个警示吗——爬得高,跌得狠。同样地,汽车也给人类光明的前程埋下了巨大的隐患。

2) Read the following passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.

(1) 哪怕是瞄一眼那制作精美的固特异轮胎,摸一下那流线型的车体,看一眼那一对鼓出的前灯,都会使我们目瞪口呆,突然感觉到那匹灰色的母马已不再是一匹普通的马了。

(2) 过去的这些年里,我们离闹市中心越来越远,这就意味着我们必须把越来越多,甚至全部的时间耗在上下班的路上。

(3) 我从来没有听说过有人对着干衣机或洗碗机发火,更没听说过有人对着冰箱发火,因为人们知道这些东西是帮我们节省体力的,但汽车不但不帮我们节省体力,还反过来害得我们越来越辛苦。

(4) 人们对汽车的狂热在慢慢地冷却下来,也开始忘却我们所欠汽车的债,但同时,这个尖头的好事之徒却不肯就此放过我们。生活在闹市中心的我们虽然能侥幸一两次躲过它尖头的碰撞,但下一次却不一定能那么快脱身。

(5) 人们又假借安全、控制排放、燃料经济的名义,把那个原本简单精巧的车体变得越来越笨重,以至于到了不可思议的程度。

Text B The Birth of the American Auto Industry Key to the Exercises

a. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary. (1) show up(2) compete with(3) collided with(4) franchise(5) startling (6) intent(7) contestant?s(8) lose out(9) humiliate(10) differential

b. Complete the sentences with the information given in the text. (1) fiasco, delayed (2) horseless carriages (3) Kohlstaat

(4) team of horses, ditch (5) covered, unable to

(6) German cars, clear

(7) fatigue and excitement, finish line (8) electric or steam power (9) refused to believe

(10) cold, snowy Detroit streets

c. Decide whether the statement is TRUE or FALSE according to the text. (1) T(2) F(3) T(4) F(5) T(6) F(7) T(8) F(9) F(10) F

Unit 11

→III. Key to the Exercises

1. Reading Comprehension

a. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text. (1) B(2) C(3 ) A(4) C(5) B

b. Fill in the blanks with the information you?ve learned in the text.

(1) introduce the present situation of historic heritage sites and the future preservation of cultural h eritage in India

(2) what used to be a brick tomb fusing Persian and Mughal styles that somehow contributed to th

e design o

f the famous Taj Mahal a century later, now is changed into a toilet

(3) the most famous heritage such as the Taj Mahal, Hampi, the Sikh Golden temple, the fig tree at Bodhgaya, etc

(4) financial difficulties, pollution from the nearby cities, local people?s unawareness, conflicts between religious groups, lacks of manpower and government?s failure to implementing responsibility and low efficiency, etc

(5) the government has realized the urgency and importance of protecting historic heritage and is d etermined to take measures, pass laws and make policies; conservationists, such as Nalini Thakur and her followers, are devoted to making their contributions 2. V ocabulary

a. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text. (1) t ilting(2) concourse(3) swarm(4) afterthought(5) evict (6) artifact(7) grandiose(8) orchard(9) execu ted(10) mural

b. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. (1) D(2) A(3) C(4) B(5) D(6) A(7) C(8) B(9) D(10) C 3. Cloze

Choose an appropriate word or phrase from the following list to fill in each of the following blank s. Each one can be used only ONCE. Change the form where necessary. (1) tombs(2) approximatel y(3) that(4) next(5) respectively (6) various(7) connecting(8) to(9) complex(10) construction (11) spectacular(12) took(13) start(14) down(15) transported (16) argue(17) by(18) used(19) labor(20) lend 4. Translation

a. Chinese to English

1) Translate the following sentences into English.

(1) Investigators questioned everyone on the plane and carefully examined the small incendiary de vice, during which they found no evidence of the explosion of the bomb.

(2) Suzhou is famous for its incomparably exquisite gardens, and Hangzhou for its fascinating sce nery around the West Lake .

(3) When they excavated the mysterious ancient tomb, the archaeologists were distressed to see th

e historic site o

f civilization, which was built over 2000 years ago, bein

g eaten away by the underg round moisture.

(4) When fear overcomes our minds, it begins to seep into our actions.

(5) Each time a city building is erected, the green grass in that spot and trees that once reached up to the sky are replaced by a swath of tar roof.

(6) We have to import vast quantities of raw materials before we can convert them into exports an

d ship them out again.

(7) The state makes great efforts to support the ethnic minority regions in developing education, a nd has set aside special subsidies and funds for this purpose.

(8) When your computer is linked to one of these machines, the virus will encroach on your hard d isk and search whether the accounting software is installed. 2) Translate the following paragraph i nto English.

With economic globalization and the accelerating pace of social modernization, China ?s intangible cultural heritage has encountered a very serious situation with many emerging proble ms in its survival, protection and development. The problems are mainly as follows: firstly, the wh ole society has not yet achieved full comprehension of the importance of intangible cultural herita ge protection, the intangible cultural heritage is left without scientific protection, and large scale development and construction have exacerbated the damage and destruction of cultural resou rces; secondly, due to rapid deterioration of surviving environment, intangible cultural heritage ca n merely exist in unique time and space, and the various cultural andartistic heritage, skills, folk c ustoms which have been passed on by the mouth and heart method, are constantly disappearing, and some unique languages and characters, as the carrie r of traditional cultures, are perishing; thirdly, a lot of outstanding intangible cultural heritage is fa ced with the danger of dying out since successors are unavailable when skillful people die and thei r arts and skills fade away; lastly, a huge amount of physical material hardly has access to proper p rotection, the loss of which remains very serious. b. English to Chinese

1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.

即使是在经历了几十年的失望之后,塔库尔仍然还保留着这种紧迫感和愤怒,这不得不让人感到意外。在带领她最近教的一班学生出行到德里附近的古尔冈南部的郊区时,她让大家参观了清真寺、洗澡堂、莫卧儿王朝最后一位皇帝的果园,还有被居住于此的英国爵士托马斯?梅

特卡夫改造成了凉亭和阶梯状花园的一座陵墓。“哦,天哪！哦,天哪！”当看到一处又一处的古迹遭到人为改造破坏时,她嘴里不停地轻声念叨着。“我们已经失去了这么多,”她哀叹着。但是,像以往一样,塔库尔决心继续战斗。“对文物保护者来说,这是一个重要的时机,”她坚持道。“有这么多工作等着我们去做,而且这种工作非常重要。”但愿他们取得成功！ 2) Read the following passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.

(1) 这个详细目录即《预备名单》,它列出某签约国预计在未来五到十年欲获题名的文化遗产名录,该名单可随时更新。

(2) 世界遗产中心为签约国提供咨询服务,协助其准备尽可能详尽的文件,以确保文件中包括必要的证明和地图等资料。

(3) 第三顾问机构是文化遗产保护与修复研究国际中心,这是一个政府间组织,为世界遗产委员会就文化遗址保护及培训活动提供专家咨询建议。

(4) 一旦某一文化遗产受到推荐并被评估,将由政府间遗产委员会最终做出是否对其提名的决定。该委员会每年召开一次例会,决定哪些文化遗产将位列《世界遗产名录》。

(5) 这些标准的解释列于《世界遗产公约实施操作指南》之中,除公约全文外,该指南还包括其保护世界遗产的主要工作机制。 Text B Terracotta Army

Key to the Exercises

a. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary. (1) were riddled with(2) depict(3) excavate(4) impromptu(5) auspicious (6) intact(7) intricate(8) mun dane(9) monumental(10) undertaking

b. Complete the sentences with the information given in the text. (1) a collection of terracotta sculptures; a local farmer (2) “two households”; watch over th

e tomb (3) terracotta figures; fragments (4) funerary; “Qin?s Armies”

(5) the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries; discard

(6) palaces, scenic towers, officials, valuable utensils; mercury (7) take photos and video recordin gs; walk through (8) the heads, arms, legs and torsos; assembled the parts (9) the creation of the ar my; skill (10) spectacular; command this monumental undertaking

c. Decide whether the statement is TRUE or FALSE according to the text. (1) F(2) T(3) T(4) F(5) T(6) T(7) T(8) F(9) F(10) T