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Unit 9 I like music that I can dance to. 语法：定语从句
定语从句在英语阅读材料里处处可见。它是初中阶段的重要语法内容，也是学好英语的难点。
我们先来了解一下定语：
一本有趣的书an interesting book 形容词interesting做定语修饰名词book
一位漂亮的女孩a beautiful girl形容词beautiful做定语修饰名词girl
定语就是在句子中修饰名词或代词的词。
我们还可以说成：
a book that is interesting that is interesting这个句子做定语修饰名词book
a girl who is beautiful who is beautiful这个句子做定语修饰名词girl
interesting 和that is interesting作用是相同的,都是用作定语来修饰名词book, 我们把这种在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
【疑点之一】下面句子中划线的部分作何句子成分？
She prefers friends who are outgoing.
【答疑解难】划线部分是定语从句，作定语。
首先了解定语从句的概念：
在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
学好定语从句，还应了解定语从句的相关术语：
先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。如上句中的friends。
关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, 关系副词有where, when, why等。如上句中的who就是关系代词。在本单元，我们重点学习由关系代词引导的定语从句。
图表分析：
I like music that / which I can dance to.
【疑点之二】如何选用关系代词呢？关系代词在定语从句中又作何成分呢？
【答疑解难】看了表格，你就明白了。
关系代词在从句中的作用指人或物
that 作主语或宾语指人或物
which 作主语或宾语指物（可与that互换）
who 作主语（在口语或非正式文体中也常用作宾语）指人（可与that 互换）
whom 是who的宾格，作宾语指人
whose 是who的所有格，作后面名词的定语指人或物
当先行词指人时用who，whom在从句中作宾语；当先行词指物时用
which；that既指人又指物。这些关系代词在定语从句中作主语和宾语，作主语时关系代词不可省略，作宾语时可以省略。例如：
①I like music（先行词）that / which（关系代词）I can dance to.
②I love singers（先行词）who / that（关系代词）write their own songs.
③The girl（先行词）whom（关系代词）you met days ago moved to another city.
在①句中，关系代词that / which在从句中作宾语，可以省略。
在②句中，关系代词who / that 在从句中作主语，不可以省略。
在③句中，关系代词whom 在从句中作宾语，可以省略。（注意：在口语中常用who代替whom）
【疑点之三】定语从句中谓语动词的单复数如何确定？
【答疑解难】关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词在人称和数上须和先行词保持一致。如：
①That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the bookstore.
②The old woman who is wearing a pair of glasses is my grandma.
【疑点之四】The city（that / which ）she lives in is very far away. ＝The city in which she lives is very far away. 定语从句中介词的位置是怎样的？
【答疑解难】关系代词做介词的宾语时，介词不能放在that, who的前面，只能放在从句中有关动词的后面。但可以放在which, whom 的前面。再如：
The man you just talked to is Mr Zhang. ＝The man to whom you just talked is Mr Zhang.
【典型例题】
I. 根据句意，用关系代词that, who, whom, whose或which填空。
1. Those have finished the work can leave.
2. The book he bought yesterday is very interesting.
3. The doctor I spoke to told me not to worry.
4. The houses are built in this district are rather expensive.
5. The child mother has left him is crying loudly.
II. 选择正确答案。
1. My parents usually buy me some simple clothes can last a long time.
A. who
B. that
C. whom
D. whose
2. Do you know the man is sitting behind Nancy?
A. what
B. which
C. who
D. whom
3. I’m looking at the photograph you sent me with your letter.
A. who
B. whom
C. which
D. it
4. Your parents are the persons you should write.
A. that
B. whom
C. who
D. to whom
5. The young lady we met yesterday is our new math teacher.
A. what
B. whose
C. whom
D. which
答案：
I. 1. who 2.（that / which）3.（whom / who / that）4. that / which 5. whose
II. 1~5 BCCDC
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