美国文学教案1
Chapter 1 Colonial Period
I. Background: Puritanism
1. features of Puritanism
(1) Predestination: God decided everything before things occurred.
(2) Original sin: Human beings were born to be evil, and this original sin can be passed down from generation to generation.
(3) Total depravity
(4) Limited atonement: Only the “elect” can be saved.
2. Influence
(1) A group of good qualities – hard work, thrift, piety, sobriety (serious and thoughtful) influenced American literature.
(2) It led to the everlasting myth. All literature is based on a myth – garden of Eden.
(3) Symbolism: the American puritan’s metaphorical mode of perception was chiefly instrumental in calling into being a literary symbolism which is distinctly American.
(4) With regard to their writing, the style is fresh, simple and direct; the rhetoric is plain and honest, not without a touch of nobility often traceable to the direct influence of the Bible.
II. Overview of the literature
1. types of writing
diaries, histories, journals, letters, travel books, autobiographies/biographies, sermons
2. writers of colonial period
(1) Anne Bradstreet
(2) Edward Taylor
(3) Roger Williams
(4) John Woolman
(5) Thomas Paine
(6) Philip Freneau
IV. Benjamin Franklin
1. life
2. works
(1) Poor Richard’s Almanac
(2) Autobiography
3. contribution
(1) He helped found the Pennsylvania Hospital and the American Philosophical Society.
(2) He was called “the new Prometheus who had stolen fire (electricity in this case) from heaven”.
(3) Everything seems to meet in this one man –“Jack of all trades”. Herman Melville thus described him “master of each and mastered by none”.
Chapter 2 American Romanticism
Section 1 Early Romantic Period
What is Romanticism?
An approach from ancient Greek: Plato
A literary trend: 18c in Britain (1798~1832)
Schlegel Bros.
I. Preview: Characteristics of romanticism
1. subjectivity
(1) feeling and emotions, finding truth
(2) emphasis on imagination
(3) emphasis on individualism – personal freedom, no hero worship, natural goodness of human beings
2. back to medieval, esp medieval folk literature
(1) unrestrained by classical rules
(2) full of imagination
(3) colloquial language
(4) freedom of imagination
(5) genuine in feelings: answer their call for classics
3. back to nature
nature is “breathing living thing” (Rousseau)
II. American Romanticism
1. Background
(1) Political background and economic development
(2) Romantic movement in European countries
Derivative – foreign influence
2. features
(1) American romanticism was in essence the e xpression of “a real new experience and contained “an alien quality” for the simple reason that “the spirit of the place” was radically new and alien.
(2) There is American Puritanism as a cultural heritage to consider. American romantic authors tended more to moralize. Many American romantic writings intended to edify more than they entertained.
(3) The “newness” of Americans as a nation is in connection with American Romanticism.
(4) As a logical result of the foreign and native factors at work, American romanticism was both imitative and independent.
III. Washington Irving
1. several names attached to Irving
(1) first American writer
(2) the messenger sent from the new world to the old world
(3) father of American literature
2. life
3. works
(1) A History of New York from the Beginning of the World to the End of the Dutch Dynasty
(2) The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. (He won a measure of international recognition with the publication of this.)
(3) The History of the Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus
(4) A Chronicle of the Conquest of Granada
(5) The Alhambra
4. Literary career: two parts
(1) 1809~1832
a. Subjects are either English or European
b. Conservative love for the antique
(2) 1832~1859: back to US
5. style – beautiful
(1) gentility, urbanity, pleasantness
(2) avoiding moralizing – amusing and entertaining
(3) enveloping stories in an atmosphere
(4) vivid and true characters
(5) humour – smiling while reading
(6) musical language
IV. James Fenimore Cooper
1. life
2. works
(1) Precaution (1820, his first novel, imitating Austen’s Pride and Prejudice)
(2) The Spy (his second novel and great success)
(3) Leatherstocking Tales (his masterpiece, a series of five novels)
The Deerslayer, The Last of the Mohicans, The Pathfinder, The Pioneer, The Prairie
3. point of view
the theme of wilderness vs. civilization, freedom vs. law, order vs. change, aristocrat vs. democrat, natural rights vs. legal rights
4. style
(1) highly imaginative
(2) good at inventing tales
(3) good at landscape description
(4) conservative
(5) characterization wooden and lacking in probability
(6) language and use of dialect not authentic
5. literary achievements
He created a myth about the formative period of the American nation. If the history of the United States is, in a sense, the process of the American settlers exploring and pushing the American frontier forever westward, then Cooper’s Leatherstocking Tales effectively approximates the American national experience of adventure into the West. He turned the west and frontier as a useable past and he helped to introduce western tradition to American literature.
Romantic Poets
I. WaltWhitman
1. life
2. work: Leaves of Grass (9 editions)
(1) Song of Myself
(2) There Was a Child Went Forth
(3) Crossing Brooklyn Ferry
(4) Democratic Vistas
(5) Passage to India
(6) Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking
3. themes –“Catalogue of American and European thought”
He had been influenced by many American and European thoughts: enlightenment, idealism, transcendentalism, science, evoluti on ideas, western frontier spirits, Jefferson’s individualism, Civil War Unionism, Orientalism.
Major themes in his poems (almost everything):
equality of things and beings
divinity of everything
immanence of God
democracy
evolution of cosmos
multiplicity of nature
self-reliant spirit
death, beauty of death
expansion of America
brotherhood and social solidarity (unity of nations in the world)
pursuit of love and happiness
4. style: “free verse”
(1) no fixed rhyme or scheme
(2) parallelism, a rhythm of thought
(3) phonetic recurrence
(4) the habit of using snapshots
(5) the use of a certain pronoun “I”
(6) a looser and more open-ended syntactic structure
(7) use of conventional image
(8) strong tendency to use oral English
(9) vocabulary – powerful, colourful, rarely used words of foreign origins, some even wrong
(10) sentences – catalogue technique: long list of names, long poem lines
5. influence
(1) His best work has become part of the common property of Western culture.
(2) He took over Whitman’s vision of the poet-prophet and poet-teacher and recast it in a more sophisticated and Europeanized mood.
(3) He has been compared to a mountain in American literary history.
(4) Contemporary American poetry, whatever school or form, bears witness to his great influence. II. Emily Dickenson
1. life
2. works
(1) My Life Closed Twice before Its Close
(2) Because I Can’t Stop for Death
(3) I Heard a Fly Buzz – When I died
(4) Mine – by the Right of the White Election
(5) Wild Nights – Wild Nights
3. themes: based on her own experiences/joys/sorrows
(1) religion – doubt and belief about religious subjects
(2) death and immortality
(3) love – suffering and frustration caused by love
(4) physical aspect of desire
(5) nature – kind and cruel
(6) free will and human responsibility
4. style
(1) poems without titles
(2) severe economy of expression
(3) directness, brevity
(4) musical device to create cadence (rhythm)
(5) capital letters – emphasis
(6) short poems, mainly two stanzas
(7) rhetoric techniques: personification – make some of abstract ideas vivid
III. Comparison:Whitman vs. Dickinson
1. Similarities:
(1) Thematically, they both extolled, in their different ways, an emergent America, its expansion, its individualism and its Americanness, their poetry being part of “American Renaissance”. (2) Technically, they both added to the literary independence of the new nation by breaking free of the convention of the iambic pentameter and exhibiting a freedom in form unknown before: they were pioneers in American poetry.
2. differences:
(1) Whitman seems to keep his eye on society at large; Dickinson explores the inner life of the individual.
(2) Whereas Whitman is “national” in his outlook, Dickinson is “regional”.
(3) Dickinson has the “catalogue technique” (direct, simple style) which Whitman doesn’t have. Edgar Allen Poe
I. Life
II. Works
1. short stories
(1) ratiocinative stories
a. Ms Found in a Bottle
b. The Murders in the Rue Morgue
c. The Purloined Letter
(2) Revenge, death and rebirth
a. The Fall of the House of Usher
b. Ligeia
c. The Masque of the Red Death
(3) Literary theory
a. The Philosophy of Composition
b. The Poetic Principle
c. Review of Hawthorne’s Twice-told Tales
III. Themes
1. death –predominant theme in Poe’s writing
“Poe is not interested in anything alive. Everything in Poe’s writings is dead.”
2. disintegration (separation) of life
3. horror
4. negative thoughts of science
IV. Aesthetic ideas
1. The short stories should be of brevity, totality, single effect, compression and finality.
2. The poems should be short, and the aim should be beauty, the tone melancholy. Poems should not be of moralizing. He calls for pure poetry and stresses rhythm.
V. Style – traditional, but not easy to read
VI. Reputation: “the jingle man” (Em erson)
美国文学史及选读试卷 (1)
美国文学史及选读试卷 Ⅰ.Each of the following statements below is followed by four alternatives. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. (60points in all, 2 for each) 1. Which of following can be said of the common features which are shared by the English and American Romanticists ? A. An increasing emphasis on the free expression of emotions. B. An increasing attention to the psychic states of their characters. C. An increasing emphasis on the desire to return to nature. D. both A and B. 2. Which of the following statements about the Romantic period in the history of American literature is NOT true? （） A. In most of the American writings of this period there was a new emphasis upon the imaginative and emotional qualities of literature. B. The writers of this period placed an increasing emphasis on the free expression of emotions and displayed an increasing attention to the psychic states of their characters. C. There was a strong tendency to exalt the individual and the common man. D. Most heroes and heroines in the writings of this period exhibited extremes of reason and nationality. 3.______ is unanimously agreed to be the summit of the American Romanticism in the history of American literature. A. New England Transcendentalism B. England Transcendentalism C. the Harlem Renaissance D. New Transcendentalism 4.Hawthorn e’s unique gift was for the creation of ______ which touch the deepest roots of man’s moral nature. A. symbolic stories B. romantic stories
美国文学选读期末考试重点
1、The Colonial Period（1607-1765） American Puritanism ( in the early 17th century through the end of the 18th) 北美第一位女诗人Anne Bradstreet(宗教气息，夫妻恩爱) Edward Taylor 都受英国玄学派影响（metaphysical） 2、The Enlightenment and Revolution Period Benjamin Franklin:Poor Richard's Almanac The Autobiography---“美国梦”的根源 3、American Romanticism（end of 18th to the civil war） American writers emphasis upon the imaginative and emotional qualities of literature. 早期浪漫主义Washington Irving father of American Literature
美国文学选读名词解释
1.Puritanism: Puritanism is the practices and beliefs of the Puritans. 1.simply speaking , American Puritanism just refers to the spirit and ideal of puritans,who settled in the North American continent in the early part of the seventeenth century because of religious persecutions. 2.In content it means scrupulous ,moral rigor ,especially hostility to social pleasure and religion . 3.with time passing it became a dominant factor in American life , one of the most enduring shaping influences in American thought and literature.to some extent it is a state of mind,a part of the national cultural atmosphere that the American breathes ,rather than a set of tenets. 4.Actually it is a code of values,a philosophy of life and a point of view in American minds,also a two-faceted tradition of religious idealism and level -headed in common sense . 2.The American Romanticism(浪漫主义):a literary movement flourished as a cultural force the early period and the late period. associated with imagination and boundlessness, as an historical movement it arose in the 18th and 19th centuries.(Walt Whitman, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Herman Melville, Edgar Allan Poe.) II.Features of American romanticism (1) It was the expression of “a real new experience(全新体验)”. (2) American Puritanism was a cultural heritage. Many American romantic writings intended to edify(启发) more than they entertained. (3) American Romanticism is full of “newness(新奇)” . Ideals：Individualism; political equality Dream：America: a new Garden of Eden (4)American romanticism was both imitative and independent. 3.Transcendentalism 超验主义 The major features of Transcendentalism: ① The Transcendentalists placed emphasis on spirit, or the Oversoul, as the most important thing in the universe. 思想超灵宇宙 ② The Transcendentalists stressed the importance of the individual. To them, the individual is the most important element of Society. ③ The Transcendentalists offered a fresh perception of nature as symbolic of the Spirit or God. Nature was not purely matter. It was alive, filled with God’s ove rwhelming presence. 自然+上帝 Ralph Waldo Emerson. American Transcendentalism:As a philosophical and literary
美国文学教案
I.Teaching Aim: through introduction, the students should get an idea about the history and development of American nation and how did the American literature came into being and what is the characteristic of its early literature. II.Teaching method: Teacher’s Presentation. III.Teaching Tool: multi-medium. Key points: the characteristics of literature. 一、基本概况 国名 美利坚合众国（United States of America），简称美国（U.S.A.），旧称花旗国。 【面积】9629091平方公里（其中陆地面积915.8960万平方公里），本土东西长4500公里，南北宽2700公里，海岸线长22680公里。 【人口】2.96亿（2005年7月）。白人占75%，拉美裔占12.5%，黑人占12.3%，亚裔占3.6%，华人约243万，占0.9%，多已入美国籍（2000年美人口普查数据）。通用英语。56%的居民信奉基督教新教，28%信奉天主教，2%信奉犹太教，信奉其他宗教的占4%，不属于任何教派的占10%。 【首都】华盛顿哥伦比亚特区（Washington D. C.），人口约55.4万（2004年）。 【国庆日】7月4日（美国独立日，1776年）。 美国文学的历史不长，它几乎是和美国自由资本主义同时出现，较少受到封建贵族文化的束缚。美国早期人口稀少，有大片未开发的土地，为个人理想的实现提供了很大的可能性。 美国人民富于民主自由精神，个人主义、个性解放的观念较为强烈，这在文学中有突出的反映。美国又是一个多民族的国家，移民不断涌入，各自带来了本民族的文化，这决定了美国文学风格的多样性和庞杂性。 美国文学发展的过程就是不断吸取、融化各民族文学特点的过程。许多美国作家来自社会下层，这使得美国文学生活气息和平民色彩都比较浓厚，总的特点是开朗、豪放。内容庞杂与色彩鲜明是美国文学的另一特点。个性自由与自我克制、清教主义与实用主义、激进与反动、反叛和顺从、高雅与庸俗、高级趣味与低级趣味、深刻与肤浅、积极进取与玩世不恭、明快与晦涩、犀利的讽刺与阴郁的幽默、精心雕琢与粗制滥造、对人类命运的思考和探索等倾向，不仅可以同时并存，而且形成强烈的对照。 美国文学表现为平民化，多元化，富于阳刚之气，热爱自由，追求以个人幸福为中心的美国梦。美国文学大致出现过3次繁荣：19世纪前期形成民族文学，第一和第二次世界大战后，美国文学两度繁荣，并产生世界影响，已有近10位作家获得诺贝尔文学奖。 从来没有一种潮流或倾向能够在一个时期内一统美国文学的天下。美国作家敏感、好奇，往往是一个浪潮未落，另一浪潮又起。作家们永远处在探索和试验的过程之中。20世纪以来，许多文学潮流起源于美国，给世界文学同时带来积极的与消极的影响。
美国文学史及选读期末复习题
1.Captain John Smith became the first American writer. 2.The puritans looked upon themselves as a chosen people. is an annual collection of proverbs written by Benjamin Franklin. 4.Thomas Paine’s famous pamphlet Common Sense boldly advocated a “Declaration for Independence”. 5.Thomas Jefferson drafted the Declaration of Independence with John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, and Robert Livingston.
has been called the “Father of American Poetry”. 7.In Washington I rving’s appeared the first modern short stories and the first great American juvenile literature. 8.Cooper’s enduring fame rests on his William Cullen Bryant’s wok. is considered “father of American detective stories and American gothic stories”. 10.Emerson believed above all in
初中历史_美国的诞生教学设计学情分析教材分析课后反思
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英语文学文化及影视赏析
《英语文学文化及影视赏析》课程教学大纲 一、课程说明 1、课程名称（中英文）：英语文学文化及影视赏析/English Literature and Culture & Appreciation of English movies 2、学时学分：75学时理论教学，2学分 3、适用专业：非英语专业研究生 4、开课学院：外国语学院 5、课程负责人：姜萌萌 二、课程描述： 本课程拟对英语经典文学与相关文化概况进行简要介绍，并遴选英美国家的经典作家和作品，对其文学特色、文化背景进行分析。课程重视文学作品与时代背景、西方历史文化的联系，在教学中将理论与实践相结合，做到寓教于乐。在课内，不仅有作家作品、相关文化背景和信息的介绍、经典作品片段的解读，并通过课堂讨论以及影视作品的欣赏帮助学生最直观地理解西方文化与文学作品的文本意义。在课外，学生需要查阅相关资料，完成相关问题的回答与读书报告，以一种轻松愉悦并且多方面切入的方式学习、了解和体验英语文学文化。该课程目的在于通过英语文学文化的学习，提高学生对英语语言的掌握能力、增强对英语文学经典的理解力和对西方文化的审美能力，进一步养成对英语的敏感性，培养人文素质和文学涵养。 三、教材： 王守仁主编，《英国文学选读》，北京：高等教育出版社。 陶洁主编，《美国文学选读》，北京：高等教育出版社。 秦秀白，《英美国家概况》，北京：高等教育出版社。 王佐良，《欧洲文化入门》，北京：外语教学与研究出版社。 自编讲义 四、教学方式： 理论与实践相结合。 五、考核方式： 提交一篇与所学课程相关的课程论文，用英语完成。 总成绩=期末考试成绩70%+平时成绩30%（考勤占10%）
陶洁版美国文学选读_第三版_课后习题答案解析
美国文学选读第三版课后习题答案洁(部分) Unit 1 Benjamin Franklin Questions 1.Why did Franklin write his Autobiography? Franklin says that because his son may wish to know about his life, he is taking his one week vacation in the English countryside to record his past. He also says that he has enjoyed his life and would like to repeat it 2.What made Franklin decide to leave the brother to whom he had been apprenticed? His brother was passionate, and had often beaten him. The aversion to arbitrary power that has stuck to him through his whole life .After a brush with the law, Franklin left his brother. 3.How did he arrive in Philadephia? First he set out in a boat for Amboy, the boat dropped him off about 50 miles from Burlington, the next day he reached Burlington on foot, in Burlington he found a boat which was going towards Philadelphia, he arrived there about eight
华师自考美国文学史及选读试题
美国文学史及选读试题 I. Multiple Choice 10’ 1. Who is different from others according to the division of writing period? A. Washington Irving B.William Cullen Bryant C. Captain John Smith D. James Fenimore Cooper 2. The American Romantic Period lasted roughly from ____ to ____. A. 1798-1832 B. 1810-1860 C. 1860-1864 D. 1776-1783 3. How many syllables are there in this first line of Raven? (“Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary,”) A. 11 B. 12 C. 13 D. 16 4. What dominated the Puritan phase of American writing? A. theology B. literature C. esthetics D. revolution 5. At the initial period of the spread of ideas of the Enlightenment was largely due to ____. A. typography B. journalism C. revolution D. the development of paper-making industry 6. Who has been called the “Father of American Literature”? A. Walt Scott B. Geoffrey Chaucer
美国独立战争教案
美国独立战争 一、教学目标 1、情感、态度、价值观目标 （1）北美是土著印第安人、欧洲移民和非洲黑奴共同开发的。 （2）弱小民族只要敢于斗争，善于斗争，坚持不懈，就能最终战胜强大的敌人，赢得民族和国家的新生，激发学生树立自强不息的民族精神。 （3）英雄人物对历史发展会产生重大影响，欣赏华盛顿、杰佛逊等人格美，激发学生崇尚、学习杰出人物的思想意识。 2、能力目标 （1）引导学生分析《独立宣言》史料，培养学生从历史材料中提取有效信息并进行归纳的能力。 （2）在教师帮助下，提高以马克思主义的原则区分战争性质的能力。 （3）通过角色扮演及讲故事，培养学生口头表达能力。 （4）培养学生课后收集资料的能力。 3、知识目标 美国独立战争的背景、大体过程、结局和影响 二、教学重点难点 美国独立战争爆发的原因；《独立宣言》的历史评价；战争的性质。 三、教学准备 制作多媒体课件；组织学生表演历史剧、查找相关资料。 四、教学过程 （师）在上新课之前，我们先来看几张图片，（多媒体课件展示图片：美国国旗、美国白宫、自由女神像等）你能认出它们吗？ （生）略 （师）很好，看来同学们对美国非常熟悉，美国是当今世界综合国力最强的国家，但你们知道吗？美国的历史非常短暂，只有两百多年的历史。在这么短的时间内美国
何以发展的如此强大？今天我们就回到两百多年前的美国，一起来学习《美国独立战争》。 （师）学习这一课，我们也要象上一节课学习《英国资产阶级革命》一样，从三个方面来把握整个战争，即原因、过程和影响。首先我们来分析一下美国爆发独立战争的原因。 （师）请大家回忆一下，美洲大陆最早是谁发现的？他怎么称呼当地居民？ （生）略。 （师）对，美洲最早的居民是印第安人，他们世世代代居住在这里，创造了美洲灿烂的文化。然而，新大陆开辟后，西欧殖民者来到这里，采取种族灭绝政策，印第安人所剩无几，取而代之的新主人是欧洲移民，他们为什么来到美洲呢？（出示图片自由女神像及镌刻在上面的诗句）齐读这首诗，想一想他们来美洲的原因。 （生）他们是为了躲避饥寒交迫、君主专制和宗教迫害，来美洲寻找自由和幸福的生活。 （师）在这些移民中最重要的是英国移民。因此，在北美通用的语言是英语,共同的语言产生共同的文化。经过一百多年的发展，北美殖民地之间的经济往来日益密切，初步形成统一的国内市场，美利坚民族开始形成，他们的民族意识随之觉醒。但北美人民要发展经济的愿望受到了压制，请同学们欣赏历史剧。 （生）表演历史剧略。 （师）让我们对几个同学的精彩表演表示感谢。（学生鼓掌） （师）从这个剧本中我们肯定感受到了北美人民所受的压迫。“不自由，毋宁死”，北美人民从来没有放弃过斗争，抵制英货、赶走税吏、焚烧税票等，形式多种多样，波士顿倾茶事件成为独立战争的导火线（出示图片，学生讲故事）。 （师）波士顿倾茶事件发生后，英国颁布了更加残暴的法令，北美人民纷纷拿起武器，组织民兵，战争打响了。下面我们来学习战争的经过，请同学们看书，按时间顺序列出独立战争期间的大事。 （师）（出示独立战争大事年表）请同学们对照一下，你所列的大事年表和老师的有什么不同，找出不同的原因。（展示多媒体课件：独立战争形势图）下面我们具体地了解一下战争的经过，请一位同学来介绍一下来克星顿的枪声。
(完整word版)《美国文学选读》课程标准
《美国文学选读》课程标准 一、课程性质与任务 美国文学选读是英语专业高年级的选修课。它与英美文学史密切结合，使学生在接触到浩繁的文学作品的同时，可以对繁杂的文学现象加以整理和梳理，并形成自己阅读文学作品的习惯，开阔视野，在学习过程中把握正确的理解文学作品的方法。美国文学选读通过向学生介绍文学作品及其作品创作的历史文化背景，培养学生阅读文学作品的兴趣，增强语感，增进学生对美国社会、历史、文化以及生活习俗的了解，提高他们对西方文学的欣赏能力及批评能力。 二、课程教学目标 1．知识目标 1）文学知识：通过本课程的学习，学生应深入、直观地理解各个时期的美国文学作品，把握其思想、语言及创作技巧上的特点；另外，还应对美国的文学评论流变具备相对清晰的认识。 2）语言知识：本课程是通过介绍不同文体的文学作品，深化学生对英语语言的认知、理解和应用的能力。并通过对不同时期英语原文资料的阅读和解析，以一种更加直观的方式了解这门语言的发展。 2．能力目标 1）文学作品鉴赏能力：通过作者作品的讲解，学生可以对作品的社会历史价值和艺术价值进行评价，培养并提高自我的鉴赏能力； 2）语言表达能力：通过课堂和课下阅读及评价任务的完成，学生的口头和书面表达能力能够得到全面的提高； 3）思辩能力：课上小组讨论环节和presentation环节能够激发学生的思辩能力，助其开拓思路，同时也为以后对英语的有效使用打下基础。 3．素质目标 1）文学文化修养：本课程作为英语专业高年级学生的素养课，旨在培养学生对美国文学及文化的理解，可以使学生以直观的方式全面接触这种语言和文化，并形成独立的开放的文化观，进一步强化其跨文化意识； 2）基本的研究素质：本课程通过对文学评论的介绍和讲解向学生传授文学鉴赏的不同视角，可使其具备基本的文学研究素质； 3）文学翻译的基础：本课程通过对文学作品的细读向学生介绍文字背后的人文、历史、政治、哲学及美学等因素，可为文学翻译课程提供较好的材料，并做好前期准备。 三、课程基本信息和内容要求
美国文学史及选读考试整理
Washington Irving Bracebridge Hall 布雷斯布里奇田庄 (1822) The Legend of Sleepy Hollow Tales of a Traveller 旅客谈 (1824) Christopher Columbus (1828) c. writing characteristics (1) humorous: the function of his writing is to amuse, to entertain instead of teaching or instruction (2) vivid and true character portrayal (3) finished (refined) and musical language, thus regarded as “the Amn. Goldsmith ” d. analysis on The Legend of Sleepy Hollow(选自the sketch book 见闻札记 ) 1. the story:setting,character, plot 2. theme:conflicts and praise conflict betw. Ichabod and Brom conflict betw. the village and the outside world James Fenimore Cooper The Spy (1821): a historical novel The Pilot (1824): a sea novel Leatherstocking Tales 皮裹腿故事集(1823-1841): frontier novels The Last Mohicans (1826) (Colonial War betw. Britain and France) e. writing features: strong points: we can see a variety of incidents and tensions, complicated plot and structure and a beautiful description of nature. Weak points: characterization is weak. There is unsatisfactory description of characters (esp. female). He is not free from syntactical awkwardness, heavy-handed attempt at humor. “Where Irving excels Cooper is weak.” Dialect is not authentic. Edgar Allan Poe The Fall of the House Usher Feature: i. brevity (15 pages) ii. Single effect iii. originality in theme To Helen It was inspired by the beauty of the mother of a schoolmate of Poe in Richmond, Virginia. The poem is famous for a number of things: 1. its rhyme scheme: ababb 2. its varied line lengths 3. its metaphor of a travel on the sea 4. its oft-quoted lines: "To the glory that was Greece,/And the grandeur that was Rome." theme: praise the ideal love and beauty and ancient Greek and Roman civilizations The Raven 乌鸦 theme: the lament over the death of a beautiful woman tone: melancholy Transcendentalism (essayists, poets, novelists) Their journal is “The Dial ” . Definition: Transcendentalism is idealism. (Emerson) b. features (1) stress on Oversoul, that is spirit. (2) stress the importance of individual. (3) fresh conception of nature. c. significance (1) inspired a whole generation of writers such as Whitman, Melville and Dickinson. (2) dresses man ’s subjective initiative as opposed to materialism. (3) liberated people from Calvin ’s original sin d. limitation (1) shallow: cut off from real life or reality; initiated by the rich, they were limited in a certain circle. So, in some degree, they have been cut off from social life and can ’t understand the sufferings of the common people. (2) inward contradiction: gain knowledge by intuition, shows its idealistic aspect. R.W. Emerson (Ralph Waldo) Nature (1836): the Bible of New England transcendentalism The American Scholar (1837): "America's Declaration of Intellectual The Divinity School Address 神学院致辞 (1838) Essays (1841/1847) Representative Men (1850) English Traits (1856)
初中历史_美国的诞生教学设计学情分析教材分析课后反思
《美国的诞生》教学设计 一、导入新课： 以美国国歌《星条旗永不落》以及学生熟悉的图片导入（国旗）二、讲授新课： 列宁曾说过：现代文明的美国历史是由一次伟大的、真正解放的、真正革命的战争开始的，引入 第一篇章——乌云压城风雨来（战争背景） 1、美利坚民族的形成 播放视频，引出五月花号以及陆续来到北美大陆的各国人，分析美利坚民族的形成。 2、北美资本主义经济的发展（根本原因） 学生阅读课本并结合幻灯片，分析 3、英国压制北美经济发展 两幅漫画及材料，学生分析英国对北美经济发展持什么态度？ 4、波士顿倾茶事件（直接原因） 第二篇章——风云新途展雄风（战争过程） （一）战争过程 1、开始：莱克星顿的枪声。 学生自学课本找出这一知识点，教师增加对此描述。并增加帕特里克亨利的演讲，让学生认识到，北美人民的反抗情绪以及争取自由独立的态度。 2、建军：大陆会议华盛顿（总司令
3、建国：《独立宣言》 观看视频，找出这份宣言的意义以及它的重要性。出示材料，分析这份宣言在当时的进步性。学生讨论。 4、转折：萨拉托加大捷 出示战争初期美英两军的实力对比，学生回答。引出这次转折性的战役。 5、胜利：1783年，英国承认美国独立 （二）战争胜利原因 展示图片，学生分组讨论，找全胜利原因 （三）美国独立战争的性质和意义 老师分析 第三篇章——新国新梦自由生（战争结果） 1、出示材料，学生思考，独立之后的美国面临哪些问题？应该怎样解决这些问题，引出1787年宪法。 2、出示材料，从材料中分析宪法规定三种权利之间的关系 3、出示材料，分析1787年宪法的局限性 第四篇章——流芳百世惠天下（走进华盛顿） 1、学生自由发言-你眼中的华盛顿是怎样的？ 2、小组合作，为华盛顿写一篇颁奖词 3、纪念华盛顿的建筑有哪些？ 三、小结： 四、课后练习：幻灯片展示
美国文学选读试题
美国文学史及作品选读模拟试题一 ) '×15=15I.Multiple Choice (1'______was the first colony in American history. C1. D.Georgia C. Virginia A. Massachusetts B. New Jersey War. the before Revolutionary only good American author 2. _B_____ was the
One “His shadow lies heavier than any other man's on of his fellow Americans said, this young nation.”D.Thomas Paine B. Benjamin Franklin C. Thomas Jefferson A. John Smith 3. Romantics put emphasis on the following EXCEPT __A____. D. individualism C. intuition B. imagination A. common sense The Raven was written in 1844 by __B______ 4. B. Edgar Allan Poe A. Philip Freneau D. Emily Dickinson C. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 5. The ship __C____ carried about one hundred Pilgrims and took 66 days to beat its way across the Atlantic. In December of 1620, it put the Pilgrims ashore at Plymouth, Massachusetts. D. Titanic C. Mayflower B. Armada A. Sunflower D____ is a tremendous chronicle of a whaling voyage in 6. Melville's novel __ pursuit of a seemingly supernatural white whale. Moby Dick D. C. White Jacket A. Typee B. Omoo 7. As a philosophical and literary movement, __D____ flourished in New England from the 1830s to the Civil War. D.Transcendentalism C.Sentimentalism B.Rationalism A.Modernism 8. The theme of original sin is fully reflected in ___A______. B. Sister Carrie A. The Scarlet Letter The Old Man and Sea D. C. The Great Gatsby 9. In all his novels Theodore Dreiser sets himself to project the ___B___ American values. For example, in Sister Carrie, there is not one character whose status is not determined economically. 页1 第 A. Puritan B. materialistic C. psychological D. religious 10. Realism was a reaction against____B__ or a move away from the bias towards