英语八大时态

英语八大时态

知识点：

具体讲解分析时态（8个）：

(1)一般现在时:经常或习惯性的动作

1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语：every…, sometimes,at…, on Sunday

I leave home for school at 7 every morning.

2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。

The earth moves around the sun.Shanghai lies in the east of China.

3) 表示格言或警句中。

Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。

注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。

例：Columbus proved that the earth is round..

4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。

I don't want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.

结构: 肯定句主语+be (am, is, are ) + 其他eg: I am Chinese.

否定句主语+be not +其他eg: I am not a boy.

疑问句Be+主语+其他eg: Are you a girl?

或: 肯定句主语+动原+其他(三单作主语动词要变形)

eg: I (He) often get (gets) up early.

否定句主语+don't+动原+其他(三单作主语don't变doesn't)

eg: I (She) don’t (doesn’t) like him.

疑问句DO+主语+动原+其他(三单作主语do变does)

eg: Do (Does) you (she) like playing baseball?

关键词: sometimes=at times有时，often经常, usually通常, always总是,

every day每天, on Sunday afternoon在周日下午, five days a week一周五天, three times a month一个月三次…

(2)现在进行时: 正在发生的动作

一、意义——当表示现在正在进行的动作或正在发生的事。

时间标志——now，句前的look ,listen

二、构成:be (am, is ,are )+动词现在分词-ing形式

肯定句：主语+ be + 现在分词V-ing (+ 其他)

I’m doing my homework now .

否定句：主语+be+not+动词-ing +其他.

I’m not doing my homework now.

一般疑问句：Be+主语+动词-ing +其他?

Are you doing your home work now?

Yes, I am . No , I’m not .

特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+be+主语+动词-ing+其他?

What are you doing now ?

三、现在分词的构成：

(1)一般在动词末尾直接加ing,

(2)以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e,再加ing，

如skate →skating make →making dance →dancing write →writing have →having

ride →riding come →coming

(3)以重读闭音节结尾的动词，中间只有一个元音字母，词尾只有一个辅音字母，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing, 如：putting running beginning stopping swimming shopping jogging

sitting getting forgetting letting

四、现在进行时的基本用法：

a. 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。

We are waiting for you.

b. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。

Mr. Green is writing another novel.

(说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)

She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.

c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。

The leaves are turning red.

It's getting warmer and warmer.

关键词:now现在, at the moment此刻, look, listen, keep quiet等提示语.

(1)一般将来时: 将要发生的动作

一般将来时常用的两种结构

be going to+动词原形: 表示打算、准备做的事或即将发生或肯定要发生的事。

shall/will+动词原形: 表示将要发生的动作或情况，没有太多的计划性, 还用来表示意愿

结构: 肯定句主语+will+动词原型+其他eg: I will call you later.

否定句主语+will not +动词原型+其他eg: I will not go to the park.

疑问句Will +主语+动词原型+其他Will you go shopping with her?

(will 可改为be going to ,当主语是第一人称时will可用shall)

关键词:tomorrow, next year明年, tonight今晚, this year今年, at the end of this term这学期期末, from now on 从现在开始, soon一会儿马上, later后稍后，in three days三天之内, in the future未来…

(4)一般过去时: 过去发生的动作强调时间

句子结构:肯定句主语+be(was,were)+其他eg: I was born on July.1st, 2000.

否定句主语+be not+其他eg: I was not born in 1999.

疑问句Be+主语+其他eg: Were you born in January?

或:

肯定句主语+动词的过去式(ed)+其他Lily went shopping yesterday.

否定句主语+did not+动原+其他eg: He did not go to school today.

疑问句Did+主语+动原+其他eg:Did she pass the test?

关键词:yesterday昨天,last week上周, last year去年, 一段时间+ago如ten years ago十年前five hours ago五小时前, in +年/月，on+具体日期...

Just now=a moment ago刚才,in the old days从前, long ago很久以前...

(5)过去进行时:过去正在发生的动作

1）概念：过去进行时主要表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，或表示过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作

2）过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。

结构: 肯定句主语+was/were+动词的现在分词+其他

eg: I was doing my homework at 8 o’clock yesterday evening.

否定句主语+was/were not +动词的现在分词+其他

They were not staying at home at this moment last Sunday.

疑问句Was/Were + 主语+ 动词的现在分词+其他

Were you sleeping when I called you last night?

关键词:具体时间如:at ten o'clock yesterday morning, at this moment last Sunday上周日的这个时候...

过去进行时巩固练习：

1. Simon _____________ (make) a model plane at 8:00 a.m.

2. Peter ______________(do) his homework at seven last night.

3. They ____________ (watch) a football match from 7:00 to 9:00 last night.

4. He _____________(try) to draw a plane on the blackboard at that time.

(6)现在完成时:过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响强调动作或其产生的结果

用法1：表示：过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

标志词：already, yet, just, ever, never, before

用法2：表示：过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。

标志词：for, since, since…ago

基本结构：助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词

(当主语是第三人称单数时用has,其余人称用have)

1)肯定式：主语+ have / has + 过去分词

2)否定式：主语+ have / has + not + 过去分词

3)一般疑问句：Have / Has + 主语+ 过去分词

Yes, 主语+ have/has.(肯定)No, 主语+ haven't/hasn't.(否定)

4)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词

例句1. 过去某时发生的动作到目前为止这个动作已经完成或刚刚完成。

如：1)I have finished my homework. 我做完家庭作业了。(过去某时开始做，到现在已完成)

2)He has already come 他已经来了。(过去某时开始离开某地到这来，现在已在这。)

2. 表示动作发生在过去并延续到现在。

如：1)I have studied English for six years. 我已经学了六年英语了。

(六年前开始学英语，一直学到现在, 也可能继续学也可能就此不学了。)

2)I have lived in Shenyang since 1990. 我从1990年就在沈阳住。

(从1990年开始住在沈阳一直住到现在，也可能继续住也可能就此为止。)

注意1) 当表示一段时间，现在完成时可以用for 或since引导的状语。

例如：I’ve known Li Li for 4 years. 我认识丽丽已经4年了。

I have worked here since 8 years ago. 自从8年前我就在这工作。

注意2) 当在肯定陈述句中含有already或just 时，在转换成否定句时，要把句中的already 或just 去掉，在句末加上yet.。

例如：I have already seen the film. ------ I haven’t seen the film yet.

He has just come. He hasn’t come yet?

结构:肯定句主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其他(三单变成has)

eg: This year alone, we've already planted ten thousand trees

否定句主语+have/has not+动词的过去分词+其他

eg: He has not arrived at home yet.

疑问句Have/Has +主语+动词的过去分词+其他

eg: Have you been to China?

关键词:already已经, yet还, just刚刚, ever曾经, never从不,so far目前, for +一段时间,since+过去的具体时间，this year alone今年以来,these five years alone这五年以来",in the last ten years 在过去的十年中…

(7)过去将来时:

1.概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。

2.时间状语：the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.

3.基本结构：was/were/going to + do；would/should + do.

4.否定形式：was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.

5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。

6.例句：He said he would go to Beijing the

(1)过去将来时由“助动词would+动词原形”构成。would常缩略为‘d。

(2)过去将来时的用法

过去将来时表示过去的某一时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用在宾语从句中。如：

I didn't know if she would come。I wasn't sure whether he would do it。

Wang Lei said that she would visit her uncle next Saturday。

过去将来时也可以用“was(were) going to +动词原形”来表示。如：

I didn't know if she was going to come。

Wang Lei said that she was going to visit her uncle next Saturday。

结构: 肯定句主语+ would+动原+其他eg: I didn't know if he would come.

否定句主语+ would not +动原+其他

eg: They were not going to go hiking unless they finished their homework.

疑问句Would+主语+动词原型+其他(would you like是词组一个固定搭配一般用表示礼貌的问)

eg: Would you like to have a dinner with me?

(would可改为was/were going to ,主语第一人称时would也可以用should)

(8)过去完成时:

1.概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去.

2）用法

a.在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。

She said (that) she had never been to Paris.

b. 状语从句

在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。

When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.

c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"

We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.

3)过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。

He said that he had learned some English before.

By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.

Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.

结构: 肯定句主语+had +动词的过去分词+其他

eg: Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine.

否定句主语+had not +动词的过去分词+其他

eg: He said he had not been to America.

疑问句Had+主语+动词的过去分词+其他

eg: Had he completed his homework by the time you got there.

关键词: 句子中的两个动作都发生在过去

【例】

1.I often write letters. (一般现在时) 我经常写信

2. I wrote a letter yesterday. (一般过去时) 我昨天写了一封信

3.I am writing a letter now. (现在进行时) 我正在写一封信

4. I was writing a letter at eight this morning. (过去进行时) 今天早上八点钟,我正在写一封信

5. I am going to write a letter tomorrow. (一般将来时) 我打算明天写一封信

6. I told my mother I would write a letter. (过去将来时) 我告诉我妈妈我要写一封信

7. I have written a letter. (现在完成时) 我写了一封信

8. I said I had written a letter (过去完成时) 我说我写了一封信

【典例】

[典型例题]

---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.

---- It's 69568442.

A. didn't

B. couldn't

C. don't

D. can't

答案A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语，但从语意上看出，在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去，因此应用过去时。

[典型例题]

My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.

A. has lost, don't find

B. is missing, don't find

C. has lost, haven't found

D. is missing, haven't found.

答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。

[典型例题]

1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.

A. made

B. is making

C. was making

D. makes

答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。

2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.

read；was falling B. was reading；fell C. was reading；was falling D. read；fell

答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为"在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。

[典型例题]

(1) ---Do you know our town at all?

---No, this is the first time I ___ here.

A. was

B. have been

C. came

D. am coming

答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。

(2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?

---No, it's the first time I ___ here.

A. even, come

B. even, have come

C. ever, come

D. ever, have come

答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，从句要用完成时。

[典型例题]

The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.

A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left

答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前，因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此

前一句应用过去进行时。

[典型例题]

(1）He said he________me a present unless I_______ in doing the experiment.

A. had not given; had not succeeded

B. would not give; succeed

C. will not give; succeed

D. would not give; will succeed.

答案B. 在时间，条件或让步主语从句中一般不用将来时。本题有He said，故为过去式。主句用将来时，故选B. 此处用一般过去式代替了过去将来时。

【真题演练】

动词时态巩固练习50题

( )1. There _______ no hospitals in my hometown fifty years ago.

A. is

B. are

C. was

D. were

( )2. --- Who sings best in your class? --- Jenny _______.

A. do

B. did

C. does

D. has done

( )3. --- _____ the young girl _____ the old man clean his room every day? --- Yes, she does.

A. Does; help

B. Has; helped

C. Did; help

D. Do; helps

( )4. --- Can I go to Beijing for my holiday, Dad? --- You can when you _______ a bit older.

A. will get

B. get

C. are getting

D. got

( )5. --- What does Linda often do in the evening?

--- She often _______ her homework, but on the evening of March 12 she _______ TV.

A. does; watches

B. is doing; watched

C. does; watched

D. is doing; was watching

( )6. Our geography teacher told us yesterday that the earth _______ around the sun.

A. was moving

B. moved

C. has moved

D. moves

( )7. If he _______harder, he will catch up with us soon.

A. study

B. studies

C. will study

D. studied

( )8. --- Don’t forget to ask him to write to me.

--- I won’t. As soon as he _______, I’ll ask him to write to you.

A. will come

B. came

C. comes

D. is coming

( )9. --- Do you like this silk dress? --- Yes, I do. It _______ so soft and comfortable.

A. is feeling

B. feels

C. has felt

D. is felt

( )10. Oh, it’s you. I’m sorry I _______ know you _______ here.

A. don’t; are

B. didn’t; are

C. didn’t; were

D. don’t; were

( )11. Mr Lu Xun died in 1936. He _______ a lot of famous novels.

A. wrote

B. was writing

C. has written

D. would write

( )12. --- Your telephone number again? I _______ quite catch it. --- It’s 2567321.

A. can’t

B. couldn’t

C. don’t

D. didn’t

( )13. --- How was your weekend on the farm? --- Great! We _______ with the farmers. A. enjoy ourselves B. went fishing C. will work D. make friends

( )14. --- What did Mr Jones do before he moved here?

--- He _______ a city bus for over twenty-five years.

A. is driving

B. drove

C. has driven

D. drives

( )15. Jane _______ a new dress every month when she was in Shanghai.

A. buys

B. is buying

C. bought

D. will buy

( )16. --- Liu Mei can’t come tonight.--- Why? But she _______ me she would come.

A. tells

B. told

C. is told

D. had told

( )17. He turned off the light and then _______.

A. leaves

B. has left

C. will leave

D. left

( )18. --- Keep quiet, please. They _______ a meeting. --- Sorry.

A. have

B. had

C. are having

D. have had

( )19. --- Jimmy is leaving for a holiday. --- Really? Where _______ he _______?

A. has; gone

B. will; go

C. did; go

D. would; go

( )20. Frank _______ to see his grandma if he _______ free tomorrow.

A. will come; will be

B. comes; is

C. will come; is

D. comes; will be ( )21. There _______ a talk on science in our school next Monday.

A. will give

B. will be

C. is going to give

D. is

( )22. --- Shall we go shopping now?

--- Sorry, I can’t. I _______ my shirts.

A. wash

B. washes

C. washed

D. am washing ( )23. Hurry up! We’re all waiting for you. I _______ for an important phone call. Go without me.

A. wait

B. was waiting

C. am waiting

D. waited

( )24. --- Did you see Tom at the party? --- No, he _______ by the time I got there.

A. had left

B. was leaving

C. left

D. has left

( )25. --- Is this raincoat yours? --- No, mine _______ there behind the door.

A. has hung

B. is hanging

C. hung

D. will hang

( )26. --- _______ you _______ TV at the moment? --- No, you can turn it off.

A. Did; watch

B. Are; watching

C. Do; watch

D. Have; watched ( )27. I don’t think Jim saw me; he _______ a book at that moment.

A. just read

B. has just read

C. was just reading

D. had just read

( )28. Mr Smith _______a book about China last year but I don’t know whether he has fin ished it.

A. has written

B. wrote

C. had written

D. was writing

( )29. --- I called you at seven yesterday evening, but there was no answer.

--- Oh, I am sorry. I _______ dinner at my friend’s home.

A. am having

B. had

C. was having

D. have had

( )30. --- Do you know Miss Wang?

--- Yes. I first met her two years ago. She _______ at a radio shop at that time.

A. was working

B. has worked

C. is working

D. had worked

( )31. Mr White _______ the newspaper, while his daughter _______TV.

A. read; was watching

B. was reading; watched

C. was reading; was watching

D. read; watched ( )32. --- I _______ you at the meeting. Why? --- I was ill.

A. saw

B. have seen

C. not see

D. didn’t see

( )33. When the teacher came in, the students _______ about the new film.

A. are talking

B. were talking

C. talked

D. talks

( )34. The 2004 Athens Olympic Games _______ on August 13.

A. has begun

B. lasted

C. began

D. has lasted

( )35. Hurry up! The play _______ for ten minutes.

A. has been on

B. has begun

C. had begun

D. began

( )36. --- May I speak to Mr Smith? --- Sorry, he _______ Australia. But he _______ in two days.

A. has been to; will come back

B. has gone to; will be back

C. has been in; would come back

D. is leaving for; doesn’t come back

( )37. I can’t go to see the fil m tonight, because I ______ my ticket.

A. have lost

B. lost

C. will lose

D. was losing

( )38. --- What do you think of the film Harry Potter? --- It is very nice. I _______ it twice.

A. will see

B. have seen

C. saw

D. see

( )39. We _______to learn English five years ago. We _______ it for five years up to now.

A. began; learned

B. begin; have learned

C. have begun; had learned

D. began; have learned ( )40. --- What a nice bike! How long _______ you _______ it？--- Just two weeks.

A. have; bought

B. did; buy

C. have; had

D. are; having

( )41. You don’t have to describe her. I _______ her several times.

A. had met

B. have met

C. met

D. meet

( )42. --- I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.--- Oh, not at all. I _______ here only a few minutes.

A. have come

B. had been

C. was

D. have been

( )43. --- _______ my dictionary anywhere?--- Yes. I saw it on your desk a moment ago.

A. Have you seen

B. Do you see

C. Had you seen

D. Would you see

( )44. --- I haven’t heard from Li Jun for a long time.--- What do you think _______ to him?

A. was happening

B. to happen

C. has happened

D. had happened

( )45. --- Do you know our town at all?--- No, this is the first time I _______ here.

A. was

B. have been

C. came

D. am coming

( )46. We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _______ office soon.

A. leaves

B. would leave

C. will leave

D. had left

( )47. --- How long _______ your father _______ the Party? --- For more than twenty years.

A. has; joined

B. did; join

C. has; been in

D. does; join

( )48. Mrs Smith _______ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _______ home.

A. has left; comes

B. left; had come

C. had left; would come

D. had left; came

( )49. Do you know Betty very well? Yes, she and I _____ friends since we met in Guangzhou last summer.

A. have made

B. have become

C. have been

D. have turned

( )50. What did your son say in the letter? He told me that he ____ the Disney World the next day.

A. would visit

B. has visit

C. is going to visit

D. will visit

Key:

1-5 DCABC 6-10 DBCBC 11-15 ADBBC 16-20 BDCBC 21-25 BDCAB 26-30 BCDCA 31-35 CDBCA 36-40 BABDC 41-45 BDACB 46-50 BCDCA