Unit Four The Sales and Marketing Department
Unit Four The Sales and Marketing Department
T=teacher S=Student
T: What do you think a hotel is actually selling?
S: Well, for my part, I would say that a hotel sells its rooms and meals.
T: That’s not complete enough. In my opinion, the chief product we are selling in the accommodations industry is hospitality. Hospitality is not an abstraction, but it is a cozy room,
a hot shower, a good meal and the act of service to ensure the guest a pleasant stay.
S: I see. So the image of a hotel is dependent on the behavior of its employees. But what are the responsibilities of a sales manager?
Ｔ: A sales manager is responsible for developing the market and planning the sales of different services of the hotel. He or she must coordinate a sales effort which involves both internal selling and external selling.
S: What do you mean by internal selling?
T: Internal selling is concerned with the hotel guests who are already staying at the hotel. For instance, a receptionist can upsell the room and recommend the hotel’s brunch, a waiter can suggest a dessert to a diner, a bellboy can introduce dining and recreational service items to an in-house guest while delivering baggage to his room. These employees are all making internal sales for the hotel. The print of hotel logo in post-cards, stationary, matchboxes and napkin is one of the internal selling methods. The use of posters, tent cards, brochures in the elevators, lobby, restaurants and hallways can be an effective internal selling method. As a matter of fact, anything that increases sales is considered a promotional device.
S: So internal selling takes place within the hotel while external selling does outdoors. What sorts of communication channels or media are employed for external selling?
T: Television, radio, neon signs, mails, telephones, internet and personal sales calls.
S: Then advertising plays an important role in external selling. I’ve read about some ads for the Jiang’in International Hotel in newspapers and magazines.
T: You are right. A newspaper and magazine advertisement may increase business volume, providing it’s planned well.
S: In addition to advertisements, what other devices should a hotel employ in presenting itself to the public?
T: It’s the public relations or PR as it is called that makes an important difference in a hotel’s image. The public relations should present the hotel’s image to the public in a proper way and help the public t form a positive opinion of the hotel. While advertising is purchased, publicity is a result of what actually happens at the hotel. For example, a piece of news reporting a celebrity is staying at our hotel can have a positive effect on our sales. Likewise, a crime occurred in a hotel and appeared in the newspaper may have a negative effect on the hotel.
S: What is marketing?
T: Marketing is an important and growing section of industry. It views the consumer as the focal point of all marketing activities. Marketing also requires continuous research and analysis of the needs and wants of the guests. Based on the needs and wants of the guests, we classify them into different segments which, in terms of marketing, is called market segmentation. By tailor-making mix for a well-defined target market, a business can design appropriate product attributes, set reasonable prices and make promotion programs accordingly to serve the needs of the target market.
S: Market segmentation is of great help to the improvement of competitiveness and the increase in profit of a business establishment.
T: You’ve got the point. Furthermore, good marketing calls for more than developing a good product, offering an attractive price and providing an acceptable product to the customers. A variety of communication approaches must be employed in the marketing process, that is, advertising, sales promotions, PR and personal selling. They combine to form the promotion mix.
S: Thank you. I’ve got some basic knowledge of marketing and sales now.
Words and Expressions
1.hospitality n 好客
2.abstraction n 抽象的概念或词语
3.cozy a 温暖舒适的
4.upsell v往高价促销
5.recreational a 娱乐的
6.logo n 标识
7.tent card 立卡，台卡
8.hallway n 门厅，过道
9.promotional a 促销的
https://www.360docs.net/doc/9012937010.html,munication n 交际，沟通
11.neon n 霓虹
12.celebrity n 名人
13.publicity n 成名，知名度，宣传，广告
14.likewise ad 同样地
15.consumer n 消费者
16.focal a 焦点的
17.analysis n 分析
18.segmentation n 分割
19.marketing mix 市场组合
20.attribute n 标志，属性，品质
https://www.360docs.net/doc/9012937010.html,petitiveness n 竞争
22.business establishment经营机构
23.beneficial a 有益的
24.approach n 方法
25.promotion mix促销组合
26.for one’s part至于某人，对某人来说
Notes
1.Hospitality is not an abstraction, but it is a cozy room, a hot shower, a good meal and the act
of service to ensure the guest a pleasant stay.好客不是个抽象的概念。拥有一间温暖舒适的客房，洗上一个热水澡，吃上一餐可口的饭菜以及确保客人入住愉快的服务行为都是好客。
2.The print of hotel logo in postcards, stationery, matchboxes and napkin is one of the internal
selling methods.在明信片、文具、火柴和口布上印店徽是一种店内促销方法。
3.So, internal selling takes place within the hotel while external selling does outdoors.所以内部
促销发生在店内而外部促销发生在店外。Does 用以代替takes place,以避免重复。
4.While advertising is purchased, publicity is a result of what actually happens at the hotel.广告
是花钱买来的，公关宣传旨在告知（公众）饭店实际发生的（一切）。
5.Based on the needs and wants of the guests, we classify them into different segments which,
in terms of marketing, are called market segmentation根据宾客的需求，我们将它们分为不同的成分，用市场营销术语来说，这叫做市场分割。
6.By tailor-making a marketing mix for a well-defined target market, a business can design
appropriate product attributes, set reasonable prices and make promotion programs accordingly to serve the needs of the target market.通过对目标市场进行市场营销组合，一个企业可以设计出既合适又独具特色的产品，确定合理的价格并实施相应的促销计划以满足目标市场的需要。
Exercises
1.Questions:
1.What are the responsibilities of a sales manager?
2.What is the internal selling of a hotel?
3.What sorts of communication channels or media are employed for external selling?
4.How do you understand marketing in a hotel?
5.What is considered as good marketing?
https://www.360docs.net/doc/9012937010.html,plete the following with the words given below:
Hospitality, brunch, logos, tent cards, media, publicity, market segmentation, accommodation
1.Newspapers, radio and TV are the mass ().
2.Many university students in U.S.A. often get up late and have ().
3.The hotel gained () mainly through TV advertisement.
4.The hotel provides luxurious () for 500 guests.
5.Many thanks for the () you showed me.
6.As a promotional device, the restaurant puts () on the table.
7.() are designed so that they’re easily recognized by the public.
8.() is of great help to improve the competitiveness of a company.
3.Translate the following into English.
1.通过分析客人需求，我们将客人分成(classify)不同的成分，这叫做市场分割(market
segmentation).
2.当你遇到困难时，应该寻求帮助（call for）.
3.声音必须和画面协调一致。(coordinate).
4.事实上任何可以增加销售的手段都可视为促销手段。(promotional device)
5.通过对目标市场进行市场营销组合，一个企业就可以为自己设计出既合适又独具特
色的产品。(appropriate product attributes)
https://www.360docs.net/doc/9012937010.html,plete the following into Chinese:
1.Marketing is an important and growing section of our industry.
2.It’s the hospitality offered by the hotel staff that will keep the guests coming back.
3.The use of hotel logo in postcards and matchboxes is a good way of internal selling.
4.The sales manager is responsible for developing the market and planning the sales of
different services of the hotel.
5.Public relations should present the hotel’s image to the public in a proper way and help
the public to form a positive opinion of the hotel.
Reading Material
Branding
Products can be sold as unbranded commodities. Raw materials are still treated in this way, but increasingly branding is becoming dominant, even in the supply of industrial components and in hitherto unbranded areas such as vegetables.
What is the power of brand? Would you buy unpackaged, unbranded breakfast cereal from an itinerant street-trader? Would you buy perfume as a present for a female relative if it came in an unlabelled brown bottle? Would you buy an anonymous microcomputer from an anonymous source? Branding saves us much time as consumers. A simple word or two comes to represent a wealth of associations, for us and for others, and can offer detailed expectations so that we do not need to ponder on the possibly murky channels used by the trader in obtaining supplies of breakfast cereal. We know the female relative will like the perfume---she may have even previously specified the brand. We know the range of compatible software for the microcomputer. Consumers learn to place some reliance upon brand names when evaluating competing products. In service, too, branding can serve the consumer by offering consistent, identifiable services which might reduce confusion and save on search time.
There are several options in brand strategy. A company can sell under its own brand or under that of another company. In the latter case it is often a retailer’s own label. In using the company’s brand a choice will be needed between using a “family” brand name or all that firm’s brands, as opposed to giving each product an individual brand name.
Dialogue for Practice
Menu Planning
Mrs Amy Richards (A), General Manager of a four-star hotel is talking about lodging management with her niece, Rose?, a student majoring in Hotel Management.
A：Rose, let me ask you one question. What do you think is critical to the management of food service industry besides personnel?
R: The service?
A: No, it’s menu planning. You know, everything starts with the menu in every property.
R: Who does the menu planning? The head chef?
A: Yes, but the head chef is not only one of those who do the menu planning. This is practically teamwork, or a product of a group of persons including the restaurant manager, the head chef, B&F director, cost controller and the head of purchasing. Oh, how can I forget the financial controller, who controls every penny the property expends?
R: So many person. It seems to me menu planning is not as easy as I have thought.
A: Yeah. It’s pretty complicated. Those decision makers will have to do a lot of research work before they choose the menu items. The very first thing they should do is to conduct market survey. Some of them might go to other cities to sample all kinds of food and try to find out which food appeals to the guests and whether it will be well accepted in their own property.
Price, the capacities of the kitchen, the availability and cost of raw material and the competitiveness of the food will also be taken into consideration. The purpose is to find the target market and the potential guests: married couples with a child, lovers, teenagers and the kids.
R: How can these planners know they’ve decided on the appropriate types of menu items?
A: According to the preferences of the guests and the rate of investment return for the property. R: Only these two factors?
A: No, there are some more. They will have to consider some other factors like the theme of the restaurant, how skillful the employees are and how many are working in the kitchen, and even the sanitation in the kitchen.
R: Then the menu planners can settle the menu items.
A: Yes. But this does mean a property will always use the same menu. They usually recycle the menu items.
R: How is the recycling carried out?
A: They have some criteria. For those items, which have had high order rate and have yielded high profits, the planners will keep them in the menu and even promote them. For those, which have had high order rate, but with no high profits, the planners might possibly increase their price according to the real situations. But special education is needed before their pricing.
R: Why so?
A: If not, negative results will arise. Guests might refuse to order if they find the price of the food they like has been increased. For those decision markers, they will consider why the order rate of some menu items is low. What causes this result? Is it because of the price or the flavor that influences the food order rate?
R: What about the menu items with low order rate and low profits?
A: If it were you, what would you do?
R: Delete them from the menu.
A: You are absolutely right.
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物流英语个词汇
物流英语个词汇 Document number：BGCG-0857-BTDO-0089-2022
A ABC分类管理ABC classification，将库存物品按品种和占用资金的多少分为特别重要的库存（A类）、一般重要的库存（B类）和不重要的库存（C 类）三个等级，然后针对不同等级分别进行管理与控制。 安 安全库存Safety Stock，为了防止由于不确定性因素（如大量突发性订货、交货期突然延期等）而准备的缓冲库存。 班 班轮运输Liner transport，在固定的航线上，以既定的港口顺序，按照事先公布的船期表航行的水上运输方式。 搬 搬运Handling／carrying，在同一场所内，对物品进行水平移动为主的物流作业。 包 包装Package／packaging，为在流通过程中保护产品、方便储运、促进销售，按一定技术方法而采用的容器、材料及辅助物等的总体名称。也指为了达到上述目的而采用容器、材料和辅助物的过程中施加一定技术方法等的操作活动。 保 保管Storage，对物品进行保存和数量、质量管理控制的活动。 保税仓库Boned Warehouse，经海关批准，在海关监管下，专供存放未办理关税手续而入境或过境货物的场所。 报 报关Customs declaration，由进出口货物的收发货人或其代理人向海关办理进出境手续的全过程。 报关行Customs broker，专门代办进出境报关业务的企业。仓 仓库warehouse，保管、储存物品的建筑物和场所的总称。 仓库布局warehouse layout，在一定区域或库区内，对仓库的数量、规模、地理位置和仓库设施、道路等各要素进行科学规划和总体设计。 仓库管理Warehouse management，对库存物品和仓库设施及其布局等进行规划、控制的活动。 叉 叉车Fork lift truck，具有各种叉具，能够对货物进行升降和移动以及
学位英语作文(带中文翻译)
My View on E-mail Electronic mail, or E-mail for short, is a new way of communication by means of computers. Fast, cheap and convenient, E-mail is so popular that it has become an indispensable means of communication. Millions of computers all over the world have been connected to form a global network, namely the Internet. You can send and receive by E-mail documents, letters and papers to anyone in other countries in no time. By using E-mail you can also store, delete, compile information. In a word, E-mail helps you overcome spatial and time limitations in communication. With the rapidly growing popularity of computers and the expansion of information highway, E-mail is expected to play a more and more important role in our lives. 我对于电子邮件的看法 电子邮件简称电邮, 是通过电脑来交流的一种新的方式. 它快速、便宜、方便、电子邮件 如此的流行以致于它已经变成了一种必不可少的交流方式. 全世界成百上千万的电脑连在一起形成了一个全球网络称做互联网. 你可以在很短时间 内把文件、信、论文通过电子邮件发给其他国家的任何一个人. 通过使用电子邮件你还可以贮存、删除和归类信息. 总之电子邮件可以帮助你克服交流上的空间和时间的限制. 随着计算机的迅速普及以及信息高速公路的扩展, 电子邮件一定会在我们的生活当中扮 演越来越重要的角色. The Disadvantage of Living in a City Tired of the city life, some city-dwellers opt for city suburbs as their residence. They are flocking there to avoid people-in the city, wherever you look, it’s people, people, people. It’s not strange for them complain about the living conditions in the city. It takes ages for a bus to get to you because the traffic on the roads has virtually come to a standstill. The subways which leave or arrive every few minutes are packed : an endless procession of human sardine tins. All the simple, good things of life like sunshine and fresh air are at a premium. Tall buildings blot out the sun. The flow of traffic goes on continuously and the noise never stops. Decades of years ago, people were crazy about crowding into the city. Now more and more people believe that only a madman would choose to live in a large modern city. 居住在城市的弊端 因为对城市生活感到厌倦. 一些住在城里面的人都渴望搬到郊区居住. 他们涌向那儿目的 是为了避开人群. 因为在城里无论你往哪儿看到处都是人. 人们抱怨城里面的居住条件是不奇怪, 由于马路上的交通几乎停滞, 公共汽车似乎要过几 年才能到达你身边. 几分钟一班的地铁装满了人. 无休止的人排队买沙丁鱼罐头. 所有简单好 的东西象阳光、新鲜的空气都成了一种奢求. 高大的建筑挡住了阳光, 交通川流不息, 噪声从不 停止. 几十年前人们疯狂的涌入城市, 现在越来越多的人认为只有疯子才会居住在现代大都市里.
常见物流英语
1.M o d e r n l o g i s t i c s i s o n e o f t h e m o s t c h a l l e n g i n g a n d e x c i t i n g j o b s i n t h e w o r l d. 现代物流是世界上最富挑战性和最激动人心的工作。 2.Logistics is part of a supply chain. 物流是供应链的整体组成部分。 3.Logistics is anything but a newborn baby. 物流不是新鲜事。 4.Logistics is a unique global “pipeline”. 物流是独特的全球通道。 5.Logistics is related to the effective and efficient flow of materials and information. 物流所涉及的是物料和信息有效、快速的流动。 6.Logistics operation and management include packaging, warehousing, material handling, inventory control, transport, forecasting, strategic planning, customer service, etc. 物流操作和管理包括包装、仓储、物料搬运、库存控制、运输、预测、战略计划和客户服务等方面。 7.Logistics consists of warehousing, transportation, loading and unloading, handling, carrying, packaging, processing, distribution and logistics information. 物流由仓储、运输、装卸、搬运、包装、加工、配送和物流信息所组成。 8.Logistics may be divided into supply logistics, production logistics, distribution logistics, returned logistics and waste material logistics. 物流可以分成供应物流、生产物流、销售物流、回收物流和废弃物物流。 9.Logistics is now the last frontier for increasing benefits in industrial production.. 物流是当今工业生产增加利润的最后领域。 10.Logistics is unique, and it never stops! 物流是独特的，它从不停止。 11.Logistics performance is happening around the globe, twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week and fifty-two weeks a year. 物流运作一天24小时、一周7天、一年52星期在全球发生。 12.Logistics is concerned with getting products and services where they are needed and when they are desired. 物流所涉及的是在需要的时候和在需要的地方去的产品和服务的活动。 13.Logistics is the process of planning, implementing and controlling the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, services and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption for the purpose of conforming to customer requirements. 物流是计划实施和控制商品的快速、高效流动和储存，以及从源头到消费的服务和信息的全过程，以满足客户的需求。 14.Logistics is a hot topic in China。 中国掀起了物流热。 15.The overall goal of logistics is to achieve a targeted level of customer service at the lowest possible total cost. 物流的总目标是以最低的总成本实现客户服务的目标水平。 16.It is important that persons involved in day-to-day logistics work have a basic understanding of logistics. 重要的是，从事日常物流工作的人员应对物流有个基本的了解。 17.Logistics must be managed as a core competency. 物流必须作为一个核心能力来管理。 18.Logistics competency directly depends on a firm’s strategic positioning. 19.Logistics service is a balance of service priority and cost.
日语学位考试翻译
第一套： 九月十五日是老年节，据说是把六十五岁以上的人称之为老人但今天在日本有1550万老人。日本是老人宜居的国度吗。 电车和巴士上都设有老弱病残孕座位，那都是为老年人和身体不好的人专设的，可现在常常坐的都是年轻人和健康的人，而且还有电车拥挤的时候，连站起来让座的人都没有。 据说2000年65岁以上的人达到2100万，到那时即使把电车上的椅子全改成老弱病残孕座位也许也不够用。 如果定义快乐那就是（并不是什么有用的事，但对自己来说，是快乐的事，高兴的事，心情愉快的事），没有任何意义成了重点，我们被强迫遵从大人的旨意，一定要懂得为何而努力占了上风，（1.为考试而学习，2.为健康要摄取那丰富的营养，3.为了收入要工作，4，为了明天要早睡，5，为了获取知道要读书）有目的地去做确定很现实，但如果经常这样考虑的话，真的好累。 或许是因为日本人过度劳累这样的指责在高涨，最近一些日本的公司也设置了一周或十天的假期，利用假期远离都市，游山玩水，出国旅游的人逐年增加。 还有每年的八月，相当于旧历的盂兰盆节，很多人为了扫墓回到家乡，平时远离亲戚和家人的人好像都在期待着盂兰盆节的大聚会，被称之为民族大移动，节日前后，很多城市人一同回乡下，然后再一同返回城市。 这样一来，夏季旅行的人多了列车就混杂，旅馆也爆满，所以为了快乐旅行，有必要事先亲自制定好计划，包括交通工具和住宿地。 第二套： 人们把认为不可能的事渐渐变为可能，比如说翱翔天空，是人类很早以前的梦想，但今天借助于飞机人们比任何鸟类都飞的好。 人们到底是怎么把不可能的事变为可行的呢，我认为这得益于发明和练习，飞机发明以来，实现了飞天的梦想，但我们自己去还不能驾驶飞机，是因为我们没有受到相应的训练，当然也就不能操纵飞机了。 但练习，绝非容易的一件事，它需要不断的努力和忍耐，我们相应地举个游泳的例子就没明白了，讨厌努力和忍耐的人，是不能成功的。 最近自行车运动等环保运动很盛行，为了把我们美丽的地球留给我们的后代，我们到底能做些什么呢。一个是资源的保护，第二就是由于公害造成的环境破坏。也就是我们一般的市民在日常生活中能做的事就是节约有限的资源，以及不破坏大气和水，但那是相当难的事，我们日常生活中的一点点行为都是在破坏环境，可以说现代人的生活正在根本上发生变化，比如说，开车会带来汽油的浪费和大气的污染，聚餐的时候，使用的方便筷子和塑料制品也是在过度地浪费资源。 感谢大家今天能光临现场，这三年来我得到了课长及大家的多多关照，真的谢谢了。 我印象最深的是，刚来计划部的时候，因为资料的错误，使得营业课的田中课长非常生气，一同陪我道歉的中岛课长，以及留下来加班帮我修改资料的井上君，加藤君，在些我一并感谢诸位，经常很严厉的渡边君曾激励我【如果害怕失败，那就不能前进】这句话我至今
常用物流英语单词汇总
常用物流英语单词汇总 Dead Weight载重 Over weight surcharge超重附加费 Port Surcharge港口附加费 Fumigation Charge熏蒸费 Bill of Lading提单 Damage for Detention延期损失 Booking Note托运单(定舱委托书) Shipping Order (S/O)装货单(下货纸) Loading List装货清单 Inward cargo进港货，进口货 Outward cargo出港货，出口货 Container yard (CY)集装箱堆场 logistics operation物流作业 logistics cost物流成本 logistics management物流管理 sole agent/exclusive agent独家代理商annual turnover年营业额 logistics center物流中心 logistics network物流网络 logistics enterprise物流企业 logistics documents物流单证 third-part logistics (TPL)第三方物流 value-added logistics service增值物流服务supply chain供应链 bar code条码 electronic data interchange (EDI)电子数据交换 transportation运输 combined transport联合运输 through transport直达运输transfer transport中转运输 container transport集装箱运输 door-to-door门到门 full container load (FCL) 整箱货 less than container load (LCL)拼箱货storing储存 storage保管 inventory库存 cycle stock经常库存 safety stock安全库存 inventory cycle time库存周期 lead time订货至交货的时间 order cycle time订货处理周期 handing/carrying搬运 loading and unloading装卸 package/packaging包装 palletizing托盘包装 containerization货柜运输 distribution配送 joint distribution共同配送 distribution center配送中心 sorting分拣 order picking拣选 goods collection集货 assembly组配 distribution processing流通加工inspection检验 warehouse仓库 storehouse库房 automatic warehouse自动化仓库 boned warehouse保税仓库 export supervised warehouse出口监管仓库
学位英语翻译
18世纪末，英国迅速成为世界的工厂。At the end of the 18th century, Britain became the world’s factory quickly. 到18世纪末，英国正迅速成为世界的工厂。 By the end of the 18th century England was fast becoming the workshop of the world. 在十八世纪末，英国迅速成为世界的工厂。Britain quickly became the world’s fac tory at the end of the 18th century. Bbb 1.不幸的是，他们也推广快餐，快餐很容易融入繁忙的生活方式中。 Unfortunately, they also promote fast food which fits easily into busy lifestyles. Ccc 1.除非他做错事，否则不会受到批评。Unless he does something wrong, or he will not be criticized. 2.从他的语音说明他是外国人。His accent tells that he’s a foreigner . 3.沉甸甸的果实压弯了树枝。The fruits were so heavy that they bent the branches. 4.村里的每个人都喜欢他，因为他对人很友好。Everyone in the village liked him because he was very friendly people. 5.成为多余而被解雇是工作着的人当今不得不面临的最大问题。 Redundancy is the biggest problem the working man has to face today. 6.超市设法去满足家庭主妇的每一个需求，那样，她们在超市购物后就不需去其它商店了。 The supermarket tries to meet the housewife’s every need so that when she leaves, she’ll shop nowhere else. 7.长期以来，人口众多的利弊一直是经济学家们讨论的话题。 The advantages and disadvantages of a large population have long been a subject of discussion among economists. Ddd 1.到了明年7月，我在这里读书将已三年了。By July of next year I shall have studied here for three years. 2.当他工作时，没有什么事件能打扰他。Nothing can interrupt him when he is working. 3.当你在学校附近，尽管周围没有小孩，你也必须减慢你的速度。 When you are near the school, you must slow down, even though there is no child around. 4.到他来的时候，我们已经等了他两个小时了。We had been waiting for him for two hours by the time he came. 5.但是，在某种程度上，简短的回答并不意味着美国人不礼貌或不友好。 But brief replies do not mean Americans are impolite or unfriendly to some extent. 6.大气中的气体、水、岩石都是无机物中最普通的实例。 The most common samples of inorganic materials are the gases of the atmosphere, water, rocks, etc. 7.对于年轻人来说，培养独立思考的能力很重要。 To young people, it is very important to develop the ability to think on their own. Fff 1.飞船进入大气层会全速燃烧直至完全消失 A spaceship entering the earth's atmosphere at full speed would burn up completely and disappear. 2.凡是总是由难而易。All things are difficult before they are easy. Ggg 1.各种材料的磁性有很大的不同。Various substances differ widely in their magnetic characteristics. Hhh 1.毫无疑问的是，所有的电视节目都应该是教育。 There is no doubt that all television programs should be educational. 2.毫无疑问要钻这么深的一个孔，他们必须解决许多复杂的问题； Undoubtedly, they should cope with lots of complicated problems in order to dig so deep a hole. 3.很多人对计算机的敌对情绪缘于担心计算机的印入会导致他们失业。 Much unfriendly feeling towards computers has been based on the fear of widespread unemployment resulting from their introduction. 4.和收入较低、文化程度不高的女性相比，家庭收入更高、教育程度更高的女性中吸烟者更多。 There are slightly more smokers among women with higher family incomes and higher education than among the lower income and lower educational groups. Jjj 1.假如你昨天到达，你就能见到她。If you had arrived yesterday, you could have seen her. 或者You would have seen her if you arrived yesterday. 2.JANE为自己的城市自豪，当她当游客参观时从不感到厌烦。
物流英语44个词汇
A ABC分类管理ABC classification，将库存物品按品种和占用资金的多少分为特别重要的库存（A类）、一般重要的库存（B类）和不重要的库存（C类）三个等级，然后针对不同等级分别进行管理与控制。 安 安全库存Safety Stock，为了防止由于不确定性因素（如大量突发性订货、交货期突然延期等）而准备的缓冲库存。 班 班轮运输Liner transport，在固定的航线上，以既定的港口顺序，按照事先公布的船期表航行的水上运输方式。 搬 搬运Handling／carrying，在同一场所内，对物品进行水平移动为主的物流作业。包 包装Package／packaging，为在流通过程中保护产品、方便储运、促进销售，按一定技术方法而采用的容器、材料及辅助物等的总体名称。也指为了达到上述目的而采用容器、材料和辅助物的过程中施加一定技术方法等的操作活动。 保 保管Storage，对物品进行保存和数量、质量管理控制的活动。 保税仓库Boned Warehouse，经海关批准，在海关监管下，专供存放未办理关税手续而入境或过境货物的场所。 报 报关Customs declaration，由进出口货物的收发货人或其代理人向海关办理进出境手续的全过程。报关行Customs broker，专门代办进出境报关业务的企业。 仓 仓库warehouse，保管、储存物品的建筑物和场所的总称。 仓库布局warehouse layout，在一定区域或库区内，对仓库的数量、规模、地理位置和仓库设施、道路等各要素进行科学规划和总体设计。 仓库管 理 Warehouse management，对库存物品和仓库设施及其布局等进行规划、控制的活动。叉 叉车Fork lift truck，具有各种叉具，能够对货物进行升降和移动以及装卸作业的搬运车辆。出 出口监管仓库Export supervised warehouse，经海关批准，在海关监管下，存放己按规定领取了出口货物许可证或批件，己对外买断结汇并向海关办完全部出口海关手续的货物的专用仓库。 储 储存Storing，保护、管理、贮藏物品。
研究生学位英语课文全文翻译-unit4
Unit4 无子女家庭：亘古生息的反叛 1二十好几的凯茜、韦恩夫妇结婚已有五年之久，膝下犹虚。上次凯茜娘家有一个人问：“你们打算什么时候要孩子?”她答道：“我们就是孩子!” 2凯茜与韦恩属于一代人数日益增长、决定不要孩子的年轻已婚夫妇群体。最近一项调查显示在过去的五年中，年龄在25至29岁之间妇女不愿生养的百分比几乎翻了一番，在18至24岁的已婚妇女中几乎增至三倍。在这个似乎大胆反抗生物性和社会性的决定后面隐藏着什么原因呢? 3或许最能公开坦陈心曲的无子女夫妇是《婴儿陷阱》一书的作者：埃伦，派克，其夫威廉，一位广告总经理兼全国不生养夫妇协会主席。派克夫妇认为他们和协会均无意反对生儿育女，不过是反对迫使人们传宗接代的社会压力，它无视人们是否殷切盼望和真的需要孩子或者根本不好此道。 4“这是一种生活方式的选择，”埃伦说，“我们选择自由和自愿，清净和闲暇。这也是一个朝哪个方向付出努力的问题——在你自己的小家庭之内或在一个大的社团之中。这一代人面临有关地球生命延续的严重问题以及生命质量的问题。我们的孙男孙女也许将购票去观赏最后一批红松林或排队去获取氧气配给。有人抱怨在回家见五个孩子的途中被交通堵塞困住好几个小时，但是他们不能将孩子与交通堵塞联系起来。在一个受到人口过剩一系列后果威胁的世界上，我们正在参与一项事业使膝下无子的生活模式为社会所接受并受世人尊重。太多的孩子作为一种文化强制的后果而呱呱坠地，离婚和虐待儿童的相关统计充分揭露了这一结果。” 5埃伦的丈夫补充说：“每位朋友、亲戚、同事不停地给你施加压力，劝你要孩子，说什么‘发现你生活中失去的东西’。好多好多人很晚才发现，所谓他们失去的东西其实是他们完全不适合做的事情。” 6埃伦还说：“从抱第一个洋娃娃开始，大到欣赏电视肥皂剧，成年后参加鸡尾酒会，无形之中，总有一种压力要你为人父母。但是让我们来看看养育失败的比率吧，或许天下父母应该视为像当医生一样的专门职业。有些人擅长此道，他们应当生养孩子；有些人一窍不通，他们应该认为他们还有其他的选择。” 7专业观察家同意这一看法：很多人生养孩子没有正当的理由，有时候则完全没有理由。男人常常稀里糊涂就当上了父亲，根本就没有作出审慎的选择；对许多妇女来说，怀孕能够成为逃脱不可消解)中突的一种方式，譬如，迅速获得身份，或者为卑贱的自我形象增添砝码，满足关注和垂爱的需要，她们觉得在孩提时代从来就没有感受到这份亲情。 8我与许多人类行为领域的专家交谈，探讨为什么那么多年轻夫妇决定不要孩子，他们的看法也是众说纷纭。一位家庭治疗专家把不要孩子的决定描写为“对当今世界形势基本的本能反应”，暗示像动物群集本能那样的东西正在起作用，作为对人口过剩、城市拥挤、环境污染与核战争危险的一种反应。群集本能促使妇女感到繁殖人口有违心愿，并指引她们去寻找在家庭生活之外实现自我价值的新方式。 9不止一位精神病医生暗示，凡是不愿生育的人有自恋癖——在关于照顾别人与受人照顾这
常用物流英语必背句子
常用物流英语必背句子 1.Modern logistics is one of the most challenging and exciting jobs in the world. 现代物流是世界上最富挑战性和最激动人心的工作。 2.Logistics is part of a supply chain. 物流是供应链的整体组成部分。 3.Logistics is anything but a newborn baby. 物流不是新鲜事。 4.Logistics is a unique global “pipeline”. 物流是独特的全球通道。 5.Logistics is related to the effective and efficient flow of materials and information. 物流所涉及的是物料和信息有效、快速的流动。 6.Logistics operation and management include packaging, warehousing, material handling, inventory control, transport, forecasting, strategic planning, customer service, etc. 物流操作和管理包括包装、仓储、物料搬运、库存控制、运输、预测、战略计划和客户服务等方面。 7.Logistics consists of warehousing, transportation, loading and unloading, handling, carrying, packaging, processing, distribution and logistics information. 物流由仓储、运输、装卸、搬运、包装、加工、配送和物流信息所组成。 8.Logistics may be divided into supply logistics, production logistics, distribution logistics, returned logistics and waste material logistics. 物流可以分成供应物流、生产物流、销售物流、回收物流和废弃物物流。 9.Logistics is now the last frontier for increasing benefits in industrial production. 物流是当今工业生产增加利润的最后领域。 10.Logistics is unique, and it never stops! 物流是独特的，它从不停止。 11.Logistics performance is happening around the globe, twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week and fifty-two weeks a year. 物流运作一天24小时、一周7天、一年52星期在全球发生。 12.Logistics is concerned with getting products and services where they are needed and when they are desired.