高考英语语法填空题解题指导教案
高考英语语法填空题解题指导教案
【命题分析】
广东高考英语的语法填空题突出综合运用语言能力的考查，着重在语篇中考查考生的语法运用能力，强调语法知识在实际语言中的正确运用，其命题特点如下：
1、短文长度：在150—200词之间。
2、命题形式：
（1）提供单词原形：主要提供的是动词、形容词、名词三大类，考生需要根据语境写出正确的词形，一般有3个小题。
（2）纯空格形式：考生需要根据语境在每个空格处填入一个合适的词，这类题大约有7小题，主要考查连词、介词、代词、冠词等。
2、语法考点：从考试说明的样题和近两年的高考题来看，实词以动词、代词、形容词、副词为主，其中动词又是重中之重；虚词以介词、冠词为主。而句法方面主要考查复合句的引导词，如定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句。从考题的语法考查内容及题目的设计可以看出，考查的都是最基本的语法知识，没有往年单选题中的难题，设计也比较直接，没有过多的陷阱。
【复习指导】
针对高考语法填空题命题的特点，考生在复习备考中要注意以下几点：
1、系统掌握语法知识、了解语法功能
语法填空题主要是考查考生的语法运用能力，所以考生必须全面、系统地掌握语法，了
解语法的主要功能，在此基础上才能正确运用语法。考生在第一轮复习时可以依据语法书的专题讲解，逐一巩固所学知识，做到各个击破。同时要了解各项语法功能，要能够准确分析句子结构和句子成分，如主语和宾语通常由名词、代词充当，谓语有时态、语态的变化，定语常用形容词，状语要使用副词，介词、冠词的位置等等。对于句法主要是熟悉不同复合句的结构，准确判断从句的性质，并熟记各种引导词的作用。掌握了这些基本的语法知识，答题时才有充分的依据，否则就无从下手。
2、积累基础词汇、掌握常用的短语搭配
语法填空题要求考生填入单词，即考查考生的语言输出能力，所以考生对基础词汇
的拼写必须重视，否则就吃大亏。对于常用的、易错的词要多下工夫记忆，如不规则动词过去式、过去分词的变化形式，名词、形容词、副词、否定等的构词规则等等，都要一一熟记在心。
另外，语法填空题也常考查考生对习语、惯用法和典型句式掌握的熟练程度，所以要求
考生在平时复习的过程中要注意积累习语、短语，对固定搭配要了然于心，对典型句式做到脱口而出的程度。
3、强化语篇意识，提高理解能力
语法填空题的最大特点是在语篇中考查语法知识，准确理解短文是做好语法填空题的前提。这就要求考生要重视提高阅读高理解能力，平时可以选择一些难度中等的文章进行精读，研究文章的写作思路、组织结构特点等等，适当利用完型填空题的文章进行精读、细读，强化语篇意识。随着阅读量的增加和阅读能力的不断提高，材料难度可以适当加大。
【解题技巧】
由于语法填空题涉及的知识点比较基础，题目难度不是很高，所以解题技巧也是至关重要的。如何正确地运用自己知道的语法知识、提高答题的正确率？
根据语法填空题命题的形式和特点，答题时我们可以从词义、词类、词性等方面入手。一、关于纯空格形式
1、根据语境判断词义
通过句意或语篇的要求确定单词的含义，此种设计考查点包括实词和虚词。值得注意的是，有时通过句子本身或上下两个句子就可以确定词义，但有时要通过几个句子、一个段落甚至整个篇章结构才能确定。
判断词义可以通过定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定。
（1）定义法：定义法是指通过定义解释、定语从句、同位语等判断词义，这类词主要是名词，如：
We are all in the position of the_______. If we plant a good seed, we will get a good harvest. If our seed is poo r and full of weeds, we’ll get a useless crop. If we don’t plant anything, we’ll harvest nothing at all.
答案：farmer。解释：通过后面句子的含义解释可以确定空格词义是“农夫、农民”，特别是几个关键词“plant, seed, harvest”与farmer的工作特点是完全一致的。
（2）对比法：对比法指通过句子的对比关系来判断所缺单词的词义，通常可以通过一些连词或副词来判断，如but, or, however, while, on the contrary, on the other hand等。如：
There are more _____________ teachers in my schools than men teachers.
答案：women。解释：通过对比后面的men teachers可以确定空格词义是“女性的”，即名词women作定语修饰teachers。
（3）因果法：指通过句子的内在联系或句子之间存在的因果关系来判断词义。如：
The museum was so______ that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.
答案：large。解释：根据结果状语从句的含义“不可能一天之内看完所有的展品”可以判断主句指的原因是“博物馆太大了”。
（4）语境线索：即通过上下语境确定空格内要填的词义。如：
One day mother looked at Nick’s shoes and said, “Nick, look at your shoes. How _____ they are! You must clean them”.
答案：dirty。解释：根据语境“看看你的鞋子、你必须把它们弄干净”可以判断空格处词义是“脏的”，句意是“你的鞋子是多么脏！”。
2、根据句子成分确定词性
对于纯空格形式的填空，在确定词义后，还要判断所填词的词性。词性的判断主要是通过分析句子的成分来确定。一般情况下可以作如下分析：
(1)主语和宾语一般由名词、代词充当，有时也有动名词、不定式短语。如：
From Monday until Friday, most people are busy working or studying, but in the evening or on weekends they are free to relax and enjoy _____.
答案：themselves。解释：此处考查代词作宾语的用法。根据句子结构，句子的主语是they，谓语是are free，to relax and enjoy _____是目的状语，在这个状语中缺宾语，再根据语境“周末时自由放松”，所以要使用反身代词themselves。
（2）谓语主要是由动词充当。在确定词义后，要判断其时态和语态。由于题目要求每空只填一词，所以时态一般只考查一般现在时和一般过去时。如：
She is the one who always takes his sorrow as her own sorrow, the one who always _________ by his side whether he is poor or rich.
答案：stands。解释：此处考查作谓语的动词，根据语境，此空含义是“站在（他身边）”，即stand 。同时根据前后句的时态可以判断要使用一般现在时，由于主语是she，所以使用第三人称单数stands。
但有时也可能涉及非谓语动词，如：
At midnight, I woke up to find the wife ________ soundly in her man’s embrace. I could see the
smile of security on her face.
答案：sleeping。解释：此处考查语境理解及宾补结构的用法。根据语境“半夜我醒来时发现那人的妻子正在她的男人的怀抱中熟睡”，所以使用动词sleep的现在分词形式充当补语。（3）表语、定语和补语一般由形容词充当，有时也有动名词、现在分词和过去分词等。如：Every year, on Spring Festival Eve, CCTV broadcasts its Spring Festival Gala___________ to millions of viewers.
答案：live。解释：此处考查语境理解及形容词充当补语的用法。broadcast…live意为“现场直播”。
（4）状语主要由副词充当。如：
He dug for 12 hours…24 hours. _______,in the 38th hour, he pulled back a large stone and heard his son’s voice.
答案：Eventually /Finally。解释：此处考查语境理解及副词充当状语的用法。从语境可以理解到此空含义是“终于，最后”，由于是修饰后面的整个句子，所以使用副词形式。
3、根据句子类型确定词类
若两个或几个简单句之间是逗号，可以判断，一定是填连词。连词有两类，一种是并列连词，一种是从属连词。我们可以根据句子的类型判断所要填的词类。主要有以下几种句型：(1) 并列句：并列句一般由简单句+并列连词+简单句构成，有时并列连词前有逗号，可以根据上下句的内在联系判断连词，如同等关系(and)、转折关系(but)、选择关系(or)、因果关系(so)等。如：
“There are many mainland students at my university and all the other universities in Hong Kong. These students could not speak Cantonese at first, ______ I had to speak putonghua to make friends with them” said Chueng.
答案：so。解释：根据上下句的语义可以判断是因果关系，所以使用so。句意为“这些学生不会讲广州话，所以，为了跟他们交朋友，我不得不讲普通话”。
(2) 状语从句：当确定为状语从句后，就要通过语境理解，判断上下文的逻辑关系是时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、目的或其他，最后确定从属连词。如：
_______the sun came out, he looked down and laughed. There was no abyss. Just six inches down there was a rock.
答案：As/When。解释：根据前后两个都是简单句可以判断是缺从属连词，从第一句的含义来看，是表示时间的状语从句，所以使用as/when。
(3) 名词性从句：当确定为名词性从句后，可以分析从句是否缺主语、宾语或表语，如果缺以上成分，一般情况下要使用what，有时可能使用who/whom或which；如果不缺以上成分，则考虑句子意思是否完整，完整的句子可以使用that，意思不完整的则考虑where, why, how, because等。如：
I was in the train sitting opposite a middle-aged couple. They were ordinary in every respect, but ______ they did touched me deeply.
答案：what。解释：此处考查主语从句的引导词。从句中缺表示物的主语，所以使用what。
(4)定语从句：当确定为定语从句后，首先要看看先行词指人、物、时间、地点，还是其他，然后判断引导词在从句中的成分，再根据定语从句的有关规则确定使用哪个引导词。如：However, Cheung, _______ graduated from Hong Kong Baptist University this summer, has found that now she needs putonghua more than ever.
答案：who。解释：此处考查非限制性定语从句的引导词的用法。由于先行词是人Cheung(张)，引导词在从句中作主语，所以使用who。
4、根据固定搭配、典型句型确定动词、名词、介词等
固定搭配的短语及习惯用法是属于比较简单的考点，只要平时注意积累基本上就能答对。如：
V olunteer work plays an important _______in America’s high school education.
答案：part。解释：此处考查短语play a part in的搭配用法。
但要有时命题者会在设计时增加一些难度，在短语之间插入其他一些成分，或将固定连用的短语分隔开来，这一点也需注意。
Some parents tried to pull him off the s chool’s ruins, saying, “It’s too late! They are all dead! There is nothing you can do!” ________each parent he responded with the same line: “Are you going to help me now?” And then he continued to dig for his son, stone by stone.
答案：To。解释：此处考查短语respond to的固定搭配。由于宾语each parent放在了句首，短语被拆开，所以难度加大了许多。
二、提供单词原形的空格
1、括号内提供的是动词
当括号内提供的是动词时，主要要判断是谓语还是非谓语。
（1）当考查的是谓语时，首先要判断其时态和语态。如：
Since Hong Kong ________(rejoin) China in 1997, more student from the Chinese mainland have chosen to study there.
答案：rejoined。解释：此处考查作谓语的动词形式。根据主句的时态have chosen及从句的时间状语in 1997，此空动词应该是一般过去时态。
（2）如果考查非谓语，要判断非谓语在句中的成分，根据不同成分使用适当的形式，其中使用ing形式和ed形式居多，有时也考查to do, to be done, having done等形式或名词，如：Ten years ago, Jessica Cheung was only 13. _________(live) with her parents in Hong Kong, she knew little putonghua.
答案：Living。解释：此处考查作非谓语的动词形式。动词live(生活)作原因状语，与逻辑主语she是主动关系，所以使用现在分词living。
2、括号内提供的是形容词或副词
如果括号内提供的是形容词，一般是判断考查副词，即要变成副词形式；如果括号内提供的是副词，一般是判断考察形容词，即要变成形容词形式。如：
“Thirty-five cents,” she said___________(rude).
答案：rudely。解释：此处考查副词作状语的用法。括号内提供的是形容词，要用来修饰动词said，所以要使用副词形式。
但有时也要根据语境判断是否要变成名词或否定含义。如：
At last, her courage and _________(wise) impressed both the CEO and Princeton University.
答案：wisdom。解释：括号内提供的是形容词，但此空与前面的名词courage是并列成分，一起充当主语，所以要使用名词形式wisdom。
3、括号内提供的是名词
当括号内提供的是名词时，一般判断考查形容词，如：
The re, my voice sounds really__________(wonder) because there’s a slight echo to it.
答案：wonderful。解释：括号内提供的是名词，但此空作系动词sounds的表语，所以要使用形容词形式。
但有时也可能考查副词、动词等。如：
A certain man planted a rose and watered it______( faith) and before it blossomed, he examined it. 答案：faithfully。解释：括号内提供的是名词，但此空是作状语，修饰动词water，所以要变成副词。注意：先将名词faith变成形容词faithful，然后再变成副词faithfully。
【实例分析】
实例1：(广东卷)
I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car 1 (break) down near a remote and poor village. Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to 2 should have the honor of receiving me 3 a guest in their house. Finally, I accepted the offer of an old woman who lived alone in a little house. While she was getting me 4 (settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to 5 small town some 20 kilometres away 6 there was a garage.
I had noticed three hens running free in my hostess's courtyard and that night one of them ended up in a dish on my table. 7 villagers brought me goat's cheese and honey. We drank together and talked 8 (merry) till far into the night.
When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old woman 9 the trouble I had caused 10 .
短文解读：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在外旅行的一次经历。大意是：在一个穷乡僻壤的小山村附近，作者的车坏了。幸运的是，他受到了村民的热情款待，并在一老太太家里度过了一个愉快的晚上。
【答案与解析】
1、答案：broke。解析：此处考查一般过去式及动词不规则变化的用法。句子属于典型句型be doing …when…结构，在when引导的句子中谓语要使用一般过去时，空格处单词是谓语功能，所以使用break的过去式broken。
2、答案：who。解析：此处考查宾语从句的引导词who的用法。空格前是介词短语as to （至于、关于），空格后是谓语及宾语，根据句子结构，空格处明显是主语，而且指人，所以使用who，其引导的从句作介词短语as to的宾语。
3、答案：as。解析：此处考查短语的固定搭配用法。Receive sb as…意为“把某人当作、、、、、、来接待”，句意为“当我在怨天尤人、想着该到哪过夜时，我意识到聚集在我周围的村民正在争论谁有幸在家里接待我这个贵宾”。
4、答案：settled。解析：此处考查过去分词作宾补的用法。根据句子结构，句子的主语是she ，谓语是was getting，宾语是me，空格处单词是补语作用，逻辑主语me与settle是被动关系，即“被安置下来”，所以要使用过去分词。
5、答案：a。解析：此处考查不定冠词的用法。从语境看，此处表示泛指，意为“一个小镇”。
6、答案：where。解析：此处考查定语从句的引导词where的用法。从句子结构看，先行词是a small town (some 20 kilometers away作定语)，空格处为定语从句的引导词，在从句中作地点状语，所以使用关系副词where。意为“那里（小镇上）有个修车厂”。
7、答案：other。解析：此处考查不定代词的用法。根据语境，是“其他”村民给我送来goat's cheese and honey，所以使用other。
8、答案：merrily。解析：此处考查副词作状语的用法及副词的构词规则。根据句子结构，空格处单词修饰谓语动词talked，括号内提供的词是形容词，因此要变成副词形式。意为“高兴地谈到深夜”。
9、答案：for。解析：此处考查介词for表示原因的用法。reward sb. for sth意为“因、、、、、、而酬谢/报答某人”。
10、答案：her。解析：此处考查代词作宾语的用法。根据句子结构，空格处单词在定语从句中是作caused的宾语，词义是“她”，即老太太，所以使用宾格。句意为“我想报答老太太，因为我给她带来了那么多麻烦”。
语法填空题的解题技巧20
语法填空题的解题技巧 纯空格的解题技巧:介词，代词，冠词，助动词/情态动词，疑问副词 并列句，复合句 规律1 空格+谓语动词(代词或名词(多考代词) 1. I can send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and ________ gets there almost in a second. 2. Some of my friends who had been there before said _______ was a wonderful holiday destination. 3. Behind him were other people to whom he was trying to talk, but after some minutes _______walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed 4. She remembered how difficult ________ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her. 规律2 空格+名词(限定词) 5. It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty (960—1279) was very anxious to help ______ rice crop grow up quickly. 6. In the beginning, there was only______very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little, always thinking that it was only small and not very important, and look where we have ended up today.” 7. I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had______amazing conversation. 8. She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on _____ top floor. 9. But she quickly realized that it wasn’t her, it was probably the fact that she sat in ______ last row. 10.…the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to ______ small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage. 规律3 空格+名词/代词( 介词） 11 … who should have the honour of receiving me ______ a guest in their house. 12. When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next ______ the window… 13. …my credit card had already be en charged ______ the reservation. 14. And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect______ the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it.” 15. The new boy looked at the teacher ______ a few seconds and all the other students wondered… 规律4 词和词之间没连词，句和句之间没连词（注意标点）（连词/连接词）16. …two world-famous artists, Pablo Picasso ______ Candido Portinari, which are worth millions of dollars.
高考英语语法填空汇编教学教材
2019年高考英语语法 填空汇编
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2016高考英语语法填空真题精选10篇
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中考语法填空解题技巧
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2020届高考英语复习专题【语法填空】限时训练汇编02
高考英语专题【语法填空】限时训练汇编02语法填空答题技巧点拨
提 示 词 为 动 词 高考英语专题【语法填空】限时训练题02 （请在30分钟内完成） 语法填空（共10小题）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式(每空至多3词)。 A In human history，many ancient and splendid civilizations were born and died. China is the only country ____1____ uninterrupted human civilization. Chinese civilization was born on the shores of the Yellow R iver. And the rich land ____2____ Chinese civilization began is Henan Province. The Yellow River goes across ____3____ (center) Henan. It is China's main north-to-south and east-to-west artery(干线)．China's most ancient tribal ____4____(lead)，the Yellow Emperor and the Yan Emperor，were born here. Even today，Chinese people all over the world still ____5____(proud) call themselves the descendants(后裔) of these two emperors. The river holds ____6____ unshakable position in the heart of every Chinese，____7____(respect) by every generation and called “the Mother River”．With intelligence，hard word and determination，Chinese descendants pursue coexistence and common prosperity on this land. The 5464-km-long Yellow River breaks the last barrier and flows into the broad plain，____8____ (form) the cradle(摇篮) of Chinese civilization. Till now，the Yellow River ____9____(raise)13 dynasties' capital Luoyang，8 dynasties'
高三英语语法填空解题技巧
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2019年上海高考英语一模语法填空汇编
2019年高三一模语法填空汇编 1.上海市黄浦区2019年高三英语一模语法新题型 Just How Buggy is Your Phone? What item in your home crawls with the most germs? If you say 21. __________ toilet seat, you’re wrong. Kitchen sponges top the list. But cell phones are pretty dirty too. They contain around 10 times as many germs as toilet seats. People touch their phones, laptops, and other digital devices all day long, yet rarely clean them. In one incident, a thief paid a terrible price for stealing a germy cell phone. He stole it from a hospital in Uganda during a widespread of the deadly disease Ebola. The phone’s owner reported the theft before 22. __________ (die) from the disease. Soon, the thief began showing symptoms and finally 23. __________ (confess) to the crime. 24. __________ in that unusual case a cell phone carried dangerous bacteria, not all germs are bad. Most cause no harm. In fact, they could provide helpful information. Look at the surface of your phone carefully. Do you see some dirty mars? “That's all you,” says microbial ecologist Jarrad Hampton-Marcell. “That’s biological information.” It turns out that the types of germs that you apply all over your phone or tablet are different from 25. __________ of your friends and family. They’re like a fingerprint that could identify you. Someday in the future, investigators may use these microbial fingerprints to solve crimes. Phones and digital devices may be one of the best places to
高考英语语法填空10篇附答案
A bus in essma nl ost his wallet. There was pie nty of money in it. So he _61 (make) a promise, Ifsomeone 62 (find) my wallet and returns it to me, I ll give half the money to him. A dustma n found the wallet in the dustb in. He sent it back to the loser. But the bus in essma n cha nged his 63 . There was still a diam ond ring in the wallet, said the loser, I won money in my wallet to you 64 you return it to me! I ve n ever see n a diam ond ring in the wallet, e dustma n. said th They bega n to quarrel 65 (viole nt). The dustma n became angry and took the bus in essma n to see a judge. After the judge heard what 66 (happe n) to them, he said to the bus in essma n, I m sure you are an hon est man .It s tiruedhosiyouvallet 67 there was a diamond ring. But it is also clear that there is 68 money in this wallet. I don t thi nk it 69 s . Wait for some time. Perhaps some one will be able to return your wallet to you. Then the judge tur ned to the dustma and said, Take the wallet home. If the loser doesn t go to get it back 70 three days, it will belong to you. 2 Recently, a survey 1 (carry) out by a website about the common view on students who graduate 2 Beijing University. Only 28% of the interviewed companies think that they are 3 (satisfy) with the graduates from Beijing University. The graduates in their companies have a wide range of 4 (know) and they learn things very quickly and easily. 5 , most of the companies don t think 6 (high) of graduates from Beijing University. In their eyes, the graduates always stick 7 their own opinions and lack the teamwork spirit. Besides, they may not be satisfied with their jobs even with big companies, and they usually have many 8 (complain). As a result, 34% of the companies insist that 9 is not necessary to employ graduates from Beijing University. In brief, society and even the students themselves expect too much from graduates from Beijing University. That 10 asgraduate claims that he himself is rubbish. 3 71 we all kno w, life is full of dreams and havi ng a good dream is of great importanee in our daily life. 72 a good dream, people can t make progress and countries can t develop . And I hold the strong belief every one, whether he is old or young, poor or rich, j unior or senior, does have a good dream! After all, dreaming is certainly a positive part of our life, and 74 (wish) for good thin gs, however, costs nothing! What' s more, it is importa nt to fly our dreams, especially for those 75 ____ are senior high school students. It is high time for them to fly their dreams. If t gi 73
高考英语语法填空练习题带答案
一 第二节语法填空(共10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分15 分) Once there lived a rich man 31 wanted to do something for the people of his town. 32 first he wanted to find out whether they deserved his help. In the centre of the main road into the town, he placed 33 very large stone. Then he 34 (hide ) behind a tree and waited. Soon an old man came along with his cow. “Who put this stone in the centre of the road? ”said the d o i l d d n m o a t n t r,y b t u o t r h e e m o v e the stone. Instead, with some difficulty he passed around the stone and continued on his way. 35 man came along and did the same thing; then another came ,and another. All of them complained about the stone but not tried to remove 36 . Late in the afternoon a young man came along. He saw the stone, 37 (say) to himself: “Thenight 38 (be) very dark. Some neighbors will come along later in the dark and will fall against the stone. ”Then he began to move the stone. He pushed and pulled with all his 39 (strong) to move it. How great was his surprise at last! 40 the stone, he found a bag of money. 第二节语法填空 31. who 32. But 33. a 34. hid 35. Another 36. it 37. saying 38. will be 39. strength 40. Under 二 第二节：语法填空（共10小题，每小题 1.5分，满分15分） The Internet is an amazing information resource. Students, teachers, and researchers use it as __31_ investigative tool. Journalists use it to find information for stories. Doctors use it to learn more about unfamiliar diseases and the 32_ (late) medical development. Ordinary people use it for shopping, banking, bill-paying, and communicating with family and friends. People all over the world use it to connect with individuals from _33 countries and cultures. However, __34____there are many positive developments __35__ (associate) with the Internet, there are also certain fears and concerns. __36___ concern relates to a lack of control over__37__ appears on the Internet. With television and radio there are editors to check the accuracy or appropriateness of the content of programs, and with television there are 38 (restrict) on what kinds of programs can __39__ (broadcast) and at what times of the day. With the Internet, parents cannot check a published guide to determine what is suitable __40____ their children to see. 第二节语法填空（共10 小题，每小题 1.5 分，满分15 分） 31. an 32. latest 33.other/different 34. while 35.associated 36. One 37. what 38. restrictions 39. be broadcast(ed) 40.for 三 第二节：语法填空(共10小题；每小题 1.5分，满分15分) Crying marriage? 31 (surprise), isn ’t it? Factually, the custom of crying marriage existed a long time ago in many areas of Southwest China ’Ssichuan Province, and 32 (remain) in fashion 33 the end of the Qing Dynasty. Though not so popular as before, the custom is still observed by people in many places, especially Tujia people, who view it as a 34 (necessary) to marriage procedure. It is very much 35 same in different places of the province. According to elderly people, every bride had to cry at the wedding. 36 , the bride ’nesighbors would look down upon 37 as a