智能避障机器人设计外文翻译

INTELLIGENT VEHICLE

Our society is awash in “machine intelligence” of various kinds.Over the last century, we have witnessed more and more of the “drudgery” of daily living being replaced by devices such as washing machines.

One remaining area of both drudgery and danger, however, is the daily act ofdriving automobiles 1.2 million people were killed in traffic crashes in 2002, which was 2.1% of all globaldeaths and the 11th ranked cause of death . If this trend continues, an estimated 8.5 million people will be dying every year in road crashes by 2020. In fact, the U.S. Department of Transportation has estimated the overall societal cost of road crashes annually in the United States at greater than $230 billion.

When hundreds or thousands of vehicles are sharing the same roads at the same time, leading to the all too familiar experience of congested traffic. Traffic congestion undermines our quality of life in the same way air pollution undermines public health.Around 1990, road transportation professionals began to apply them to traffic and road management. Thus was born the intelligent transportation system(ITS). Starting in the late 1990s, ITS systems were developed and deployed. In developed countries, travelers today have access to signifi-cant amounts of information about travel conditions, whether they are driving their own vehicle or riding on public transit systems.

As the world energy crisis, and the war and the energy

consumption of oil -- and are full of energy, in one day, someday it will disappear without a trace. Oil is not in resources. So in oil consumption must be clean before finding a replacement. With the development of science and technology the progress of the society, people invented the electric car. Electric cars will become the most ideal of transportation.

In the development of world each aspect is fruitful, especially with the automobile electronic technology and computer and rapid development of the information age. The electronic control technology in the car on a wide range of applications, the application of the electronic device, cars, and electronic technology not only to improve and enhance the quality and the traditional automobile electrical performance, but also improve the automobile fuel economy, performance, reliability and emissions purification. Widely used in automobile electronic products not only reduces the cost and reduce the complexity of the maintenance. From the fuel injection engine ignition devices, air control and emission control and fault diagnosis to the body auxiliary devices are generally used in electronic control technology, auto development mainly electromechanical integration. Widely used in automotive electronic control ignition system mainly electronic control fuel injection system, electronic control ignition system, electronic control automatic transmission,

electronic control (ABS/ASR) control system, electronic control suspension system, electronic control power steering system, vehicle dynamic control system, the airbag systems, active belt system, electronic control system and the automatic air-conditioning and GPS navigation system etc. With the system response, the use function of quick car, high reliability, guarantees of engine power and reduce fuel consumption and emission regulations meet standards.

The car is essential to modern traffic tools. And electric cars bring us infinite joy will give us the physical and mental relaxation. Take for example, automatic transmission in road, can not on the clutch, can achieve automatic shift and engine flameout, not so effective improve the driving convenience lighten the fatigue strength. Automatic transmission consists mainly of hydraulic torque converter, gear transmission, pump, hydraulic control system, electronic control system and oil cooling system, etc. The electronic control of suspension is mainly used to cushion the impact of the body and the road to reduce vibration that car getting smooth-going and stability. When the vehicle in the car when the road uneven road can according to automatically adjust the height. When the car ratio of height, low set to gas or oil cylinder filling or oil. If is opposite, gas or diarrhea. To ensure and improve the level of driving cars driving stability. Variable force power steering system can significantly change the driver for the work

efficiency and the state, so widely used

in electric cars. VDC to vehicle performance has important function it can according to the need of active braking to change the wheels of the car, car motions of state and optimum control performance, and increased automobile adhesion, controlling and stability. Besides these, appear beyond 4WS 4WD electric cars can greatly improve the performance of the value and ascending simultaneously. ABS braking distance is reduced and can keep turning skills effectively improve the stability of the directions simultaneously reduce tyre wear. The airbag appear in large programs protected the driver and passenger's safety, and greatly reduce automobile in collision of drivers and passengers in the buffer, to protect the safety of life.

Intelligent electronic technology in the bus to promote safe driving and that the other functions. The realization of automatic driving through various sensors. Except some smart cars equipped with multiple outside sensors can fully perception of information and traffic facilities and to judge whether the vehicles and drivers in danger, has the independent pathfinding, navigation, avoid bump, no parking fees etc. Function. Effectively improve the safe transport of manipulation, reduce the pilot fatigue, improve passenger comfort. Of course battery electric vehicle is the key, the electric car battery mainly has: the use of lead-acid

batteries, nickel cadmium battery, the battery, sodium sulfide sodium sulfide lithium battery, the battery, the battery, the flywheel zinc - air fuel cell and solar battery, the battery. In many kind of cells, the fuel cell is by far the most want to solve the problem of energy shortage car. Fuel cells have high pollution characteristics, different from other battery, the battery, need not only external constantly supply of fuel and electricity can continuously steadily. Fuel cell vehicles (FCEV) can be matched with the car engine performance and fuel economy and emission in the aspects of superior internal-combustion vehicles.

Along with the computer and electronic product constantly upgrading electric car, open class in mature technology and perfected, that drive more safe, convenient and flexible, comfortable. Electric cars with traditional to compete in the market, the car will was electric cars and intelligent car replaced. This is the question that day after timing will come. ABS, GPS, and various new 4WD 4WS, electronic products and the modern era, excellent performance auto tacit understanding is tie-in, bring us unparalleled precision driving comfort and safety of driving.

The hardware and software of the intelligent vehicle are designed based on AVR.This system could set the route in advance. The vehicle could communicate with the PC vianRF401 and could run safely with

the help of ultra sound detection and infrared measuring circuit. Neural network self- study is used to improve the intelligence of the vehicle.

The performance of servo systems will determine the property of the robot. Based on AVRseries MCU，the velocity servo system for driving motor is created in this paper，including a discrete PIregulator which will work out a PWM control signal with applying the skill of integral separation.The velocities of motors will be controlled real-time with the speed sampling frequency set for 2KHz by using the AVR-GCC compiler software https://www.360docs.net/doc/0410775610.html,pared to the servo system development based on the 51 Series MCU，the system here has these advantages of simpler peripheral circuit and faster data processing.The experiments demonstrate that，the mobile robot runs stably and smoothly by the control of AVR units，and that the design proposal especially benefits the development of intelligent mobile robots，also can be widely used in the development of other smart devices and product lines.

A new design of contest robot control system based on AVR Atmega8 was put forward. According to the character of contest robot , the main control unit , motor drive unit , sense detection unit and LCD display unit were introduced. Furthermore the servo driver system based on MCBL3006S , the line t racker sensor system and the obstacle avoidance sensor system were presented in detail.Finally the

performance shows that the control system is open,simple,easy programming,intelligent and efficiency.

Avoidance rules of intelligent vehicle obstacle are intro ducted.Through the collection of infrared sensor formation,the rules use diode D1 to launch and diode D2 to receive infrared signals. Infrared transmitter signal without a dedicated circuit

comes directly from the MCU clock frequency, which not only simplifier the circuit and debugging, but also make the circuit stability and anti- jamming capability greatly enhanced.After the experimental verification,the system runs reliably meet the design requirements.

A smart car control system of the path information identified based on CCD camera was introduced.The hardware structure and scheme were designed. The control strategy of s teering mechanism was presented. The smart car not only can identify the road precisely, but also have ant-interference performance, and small steady state error.

This article designed smart car system,includes the aspects of the sensor information acquisition and processing, motor drive, control algorithm and control strategy https://www.360docs.net/doc/0410775610.html,ing laser sensor to collect the road information which can feedback to the micro-controller control system,then making analytical processing combined with the software.With velocity feedback and PID control algorithms to control steering engine and the speed of smart car.Verified by actual

机器人外文翻译

英文原文出自《Advanced Technology Libraries》2008年第5期 Robot Robot is a type of mechantronics equipment which synthesizes the last research achievement of engine and precision engine, micro-electronics and computer, automation control and drive, sensor and message dispose and artificial intelligence and so on. With the development of economic and the demand for automation control, robot technology is developed quickly and all types of the robots products are come into being. The practicality use of robot products not only solves the problems which are difficult to operate for human being, but also advances the industrial automation program. At present, the research and development of robot involves several kinds of technology and the robot system configuration is so complex that the cost at large is high which to a certain extent limit the robot abroad use. To development economic practicality and high reliability robot system will be value to robot social application and economy development. With the rapid progress with the control economy and expanding of the modern cities, the let of sewage is increasing quickly: With the development of modern technology and the enhancement of consciousness about environment reserve, more and more people realized the importance and urgent of sewage disposal. Active bacteria method is an effective technique for sewage disposal，The lacunaris plastic is an effective basement for active bacteria adhesion for sewage disposal. The abundance requirement for lacunaris plastic makes it is a consequent for the plastic producing with automation and high productivity. Therefore, it is very necessary to design a manipulator that can automatically fulfill the plastic holding. With the analysis of the problems in the design of the plastic holding manipulator and synthesizing the robot research and development condition in recent years, a economic scheme is concluded on the basis of the analysis of mechanical configuration, transform system, drive device and control system and guided by the idea of the characteristic and complex of mechanical configuration,

避障机器人设计报告

开放性实验报告 ——避障机器人设计系别：智能科学与技术姓名：唐继鹏姚武浩姜飞鹏郑光旭指导老师：袁立行、王曙光、亢红波时间：2011.9.16——2012.4.28

目录 1 系统功能介绍 (1) 2 设计任务与要求 (1) 3 系统硬件设计 (1) 3.1系统总体设计框图 (1) 3.2寻线模块(ST188) (2) 3.3电机控制模块 (3) 3.4单片机最小模块 (4) 3.5数码管显示模块 (6) 4 系统软件实现 (7) 4.1 设计思路 (7) 4.2 软件程序流程图 (8) 4.3程序代码见附录Ⅰ (8) 5 调试结果 (8) 6 实验总结 (9) 附录Ι (10) 附录Ⅱ (18) 附录Ⅲ (19)

1 系统功能介绍本设计以单片机作为控制核心，电路分为最小系统模块，黑线检测模块，电机驱动模块，数码管显示模块。黑线检测模块采用反射式关电传感器st188，并且接相应的三级管来规划传感器的输出，当输出高电平为正常情况。电机为伺服电机，给定脉宽为1.5ms的信号电机保持不动，给定脉宽为1.7ms的信号电机正向转到给定脉宽为1.3ms的信号电机逆向转到。数码管动态显示机器人行进过程所用的时间。 2 设计任务与要求 ◆熟悉51系列单片机的原理及应用。 ◆掌握ST188设计电路和传感器的使用。 ◆掌握直流电机的驱动方法。 ◆掌握动态数码管显示的方法。 ◆设计机器人的硬件电路及软件程序。 ◆制作机器人的硬件电路，并调试软件，最后实现机器人的自动测量黑线。 3 系统硬件设计 3.1系统总体设计框图该系统中51单片机作为主微控芯片，其外多个I/O口作为通用I/O口接受传感器的信号并输出相应的控制信号。系统硬件总体设计框图如下图3.1-1所示。

机器人结构论文中英文对照资料外文翻译文献

中英文对照资料外文翻译文献 FEM Optimization for Robot Structure Abstract In optimal design for robot structures, design models need to he modified and computed repeatedly. Because modifying usually can not automatically be run, it consumes a lot of time. This paper gives a method that uses APDL language of ANSYS 5.5 software to generate an optimal control program, which mike optimal procedure run automatically and optimal efficiency be improved. 1）Introduction Industrial robot is a kind of machine, which is controlled by computers. Because efficiency and maneuverability are higher than traditional machines, industrial robot is used extensively in industry. For the sake of efficiency and maneuverability, reducing mass and increasing stiffness is more important than traditional machines, in structure design of industrial robot. A lot of methods are used in optimization design of structure. Finite element method is a much effective method. In general, modeling and modifying are manual, which is feasible when model is simple. When model is complicated, optimization time is longer. In the longer optimization time, calculation time is usually very little, a majority of time is used for modeling and modifying. It is key of improving efficiency of structure optimization how to reduce modeling and modifying time. APDL language is an interactive development tool, which is based on ANSYS and is offered to program users. APDL language has typical function of some large computer languages. For example, parameter definition similar to constant and variable definition, branch and loop control, and macro call similar to function and subroutine call, etc. Besides these, it possesses powerful capability of mathematical calculation. The capability of mathematical calculation includes arithmetic calculation, comparison, rounding, and trigonometric function, exponential function and hyperbola function of standard FORTRAN language, etc. By means of APDL language, the data can be read and then calculated, which is in database of ANSYS program, and running process of ANSYS program can be controlled.

小车自动避障与路径规划

第3章系统总体结构及工作原理该系统主要以超声波测距为基本测距原理，并在相应的硬件和软件的支持下，达到机器人避障的效果。 3.1机器人总体硬件设计 3.1.1传感器的分布要求为了全方位检测障物的分布状况，并及时为机器人系统提供全面的数据，可将所需的八个传感器均匀排列在机器人周围，相邻每对传感器互成45度角。为了避免相互干扰，八个传感器以程序运行周期为周期，进行循环测距。传感器排列示意图如下：图3.1.1 传感器分布图

图3.1.2 硬件设计总体框架图上图为支持机器人运行实用程序的硬件部分的总体设计框架图，由负责相关任务的同学提供。在超声波信号输入单片机以后，由存储在单片机中的主程序调用避障子程序，根据输入信号执行避障指令，并使相关数据返回主程序，转而提供给电机和LED显示器的驱动程序使用，最后，由电机执行转向指令，结果则显示在LED显示器上。

图3.1.3 软件总体框架图由上图可知，本文作者负责的超声波避障程序为软件总体设计中的子程序部分。在主程序运行过程中，若调用超声波避障程序，机器人在自行轨迹规划后，将程序处理所得数据送给电机处理成立程序，控制电机动作。具体的避障程序设计将在第4章进行。 3.2超声波测距原理测距原理：超声波是指频率高于20KHz的机械波。为了以超声波作为检测

手段，必须产生超生波和接收超声波。完成这种功能的装置就是超声波传感器，习惯上称为超声波换能器或超声波探头。超声波传感器有发送器和接收器，但一个超声波传感器也可具有发送和接收声波的双重作用。超声波传感器是利用压电效应的原理将电能和超声波相互转化即在发射超声波的时候，将电能转换，发射超声波；而在收到回波的时候，则将超声振动转换成电信号。[8]超声波测距的原理一般采用渡越时间法TOF（time of flight）。首先测出超声波从发射到遇到障碍物返回所经历的时间，再乘以超声波的速度就得到二倍的声源与障碍物之间的距离，即：[8] D=ct/2 其中D为传感器与障碍物之间的距离，以m计，c为超声波速度，这里以340m/s计，t为超声波从发送到接收的总时间，以s计。据此原理可以用超声波传感器测得的距离为避障程序提供所需的数据。[8] 第4章轨迹规划算法的实现方案 4.1轨迹规划算法的层次化设计根据上述材料分析，可以将机器人轨迹规划算法设计分为基础控制层、行为控制层和坐标计算层，三个层次进行。 4.1.1基础控制层设计基础控制层可定义为基本行为层，这层算法的任务是寻找目标点，并确保机器人可以顺利到达指定目标位。在确定目的地位置的情况下，为了达到上述目的，计算机必须对机器人的方位进行时实计算。应用人工势场法原理，可以将目标点设为引力极，牵引机器人运动。对此动作建立相应的模型，可以使用建立平面坐标作为虚拟势场的方法来给机器人定义方位，将机器人关于目标点的时实偏角作为虚拟引力方向，以确定机器人下一步所需转过的角度，并时实检测，是否已到达目的地，若已到达，则可认为虚拟引力此刻为0，并发出信号控制程序终止运行总体程序。由此，可确定基础控制层所需的各参数： (1)机器人的时实坐标x, y值，由专门的坐标计算层提供，为了提高精确度，可以采用厘米为单位制。 (2)机器人的速度v，测量后设为定值使用。 (3)周期T，直接设置为定值使用。 (4)偏转角de，可通过机器人与横坐标之间的夹角pe，减去机器人到目标点连线与横坐标的夹角E得到。

智能避障机器人设计外文翻译

INTELLIGENT VEHICLE Our society is awash in “machine intelligence” of various kinds.Over the last century, we have witnessed more and more of the “drudgery” of daily living being replaced by devices such as washing machines. One remaining area of both drudgery and danger, however, is the daily act ofdriving automobiles 1.2 million people were killed in traffic crashes in 2002, which was 2.1% of all globaldeaths and the 11th ranked cause of death . If this trend continues, an estimated 8.5 million people will be dying every year in road crashes by 2020. In fact, the U.S. Department of Transportation has estimated the overall societal cost of road crashes annually in the United States at greater than $230 billion. When hundreds or thousands of vehicles are sharing the same roads at the same time, leading to the all too familiar experience of congested traffic. Traffic congestion undermines our quality of life in the same way air pollution undermines public health.Around 1990, road transportation professionals began to apply them to traffic and road management. Thus was born the intelligent transportation system(ITS). Starting in the late 1990s, ITS systems were developed and deployed. In developed countries, travelers today have access to signifi-cant amounts of information about travel conditions, whether they are driving their own vehicle or riding on public transit systems. As the world energy crisis, and the war and the energy

STEAM课例《避障机器人》教学反思

STEAM课例《避障机器人》教学反思从兴趣入手，充分调动学生学习的主动性和积极性，在课堂学习中，学生的注意力高度集中，思维异常活跃，求知欲异常强烈，创造思维活动得以启动运行。《避障机器人》是让学生通过学习，能够正确地编写“机器人避障”的程序，能够为机器人设置障碍物环境，让机器人顺利地在此环境自由地行走。为了让学生对机器人编程学习有一个好的开始，花了不少心思对本课内容进行了阅读、理解、推敲，最后从以下几方面着手进行教学设计：一、趣味导入，动静结合，激发学生的直接学习兴趣。通过观察体验机器人避障功能，学生开始对“超声波传感器”（在学习之前学生还不知道这个部件就是红外）产生了求知欲，它到底能让机器人干什么？这个时候如果切入到机器人的学习，恐怕学生会大失所望。于是我用心地拍了一段视频，学生在观看视频中进一步明白了机器人也要装眼睛才可以看见物体，从而自然地引出课题，也调动学生的学习情绪。二、启发思维，张扬个性，提高学生的创新意识和创新能力。机器人避障的流程图编写是本节课的重点。学生通过自主学习基本上可以完成框架的搭建，甚至有些学生还可以正确地设置条件判断、电机的参数，但是我们要求学生学习程序编写真正目的不仅是会搭框架，还要理解每个模块的作用，整个流程图的设计思路，也就是

常言道“知其然，还知其所以然”，从而让学生的思维在这个过程中得到训练。三、循循善诱，言简意赅，让学生的兴趣在思考中升华。机器人从无眼睛到装上了眼睛，从四处撞墙到巧妙地避开自由行走，贯穿整个课堂。本节课的教学引导没有过多的教师语言，只是在环节衍接处适当地以视频方式展示情境，通过设置问题启发学生观察思考体验，每一个问题都与下一个学习紧密相联，学生的兴趣从开始被吸引，到最后升华。但是在下载到机器人的时候，机器人中的超声波传感器的两个探测头的距离和位置是很难把握的，有时上传程序的时候就会失败，这就需要我们在不断的实验中把握尺度，总结规律，也需要让学生不断的进行调试，让他们能自己总结出规律，加深记忆。

人工智能专业外文翻译-机器人

译文资料：机器人首先我介绍一下机器人产生的背景，机器人技术的发展，它应该说是一个科学技术发展共同的一个综合性的结果，同时，为社会经济发展产生了一个重大影响的一门科学技术，它的发展归功于在第二次世界大战中各国加强了经济的投入，就加强了本国的经济的发展。另一方面它也是生产力发展的需求的必然结果，也是人类自身发展的必然结果，那么随着人类的发展，人们在不断探讨自然过程中，在认识和改造自然过程中，需要能够解放人的一种奴隶。那么这种奴隶就是代替人们去能够从事复杂和繁重的体力劳动，实现人们对不可达世界的认识和改造，这也是人们在科技发展过程中的一个客观需要。机器人有三个发展阶段，那么也就是说，我们习惯于把机器人分成三类，一种是第一代机器人，那么也叫示教再现型机器人，它是通过一个计算机，来控制一个多自由度的一个机械，通过示教存储程序和信息，工作时把信息读取出来，然后发出指令，这样的话机器人可以重复的根据人当时示教的结果，再现出这种动作，比方说汽车的点焊机器人，它只要把这个点焊的过程示教完以后，它总是重复这样一种工作，它对于外界的环境没有感知，这个力操作力的大小，这个工件存在不存在，焊的好与坏，它并不知道，那么实际上这种从第一代机器人，也就存在它这种缺陷，因此，在20世纪70年代后期，人们开始研究第二代机器人，叫带感觉的机器人，这种带感觉的机器人是类似人在某种功能的感觉，比如说力觉、触觉、滑觉、视觉、听觉和人进行相类比，有了各种各样的感觉，比方说在机器人抓一个物体的时候，它实际上力的大小能感觉出来，它能够通过视觉，能够去感受和识别它的形状、大小、颜色。抓一个鸡蛋，它能通过一个触觉，知道它的力的大小和滑动的情况。第三代机器人，也是我们机器人学中一个理想的所追求的最高级的阶段，叫智能机器人，那么只要告诉它做什么，不用告诉它怎么去做，它就能完成运动，感知思维和人机通讯的这种功能和机能，那么这个目前的发展还是相对的只是在局部有这种智能的概念和含义，但真正完整意义的这种智能机器人实际上并没有存在，而只是随着我们不断的科学技术的发展，智能的概念越来越丰富，它内涵越来越宽。下面我简单介绍一下我国机器人发展的基本概况。由于我们国家存在很多其

智能机器人设计报告

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工业机器人外文翻译

附录外文文献原文 Industrial Robots Definition “A robot is a reprogrammable,multifunctional machine designed to manipulate materials,parts,tools,or specialized devices,through variable programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks.” --Robotics Industries Association “A robot is an automatic device that performs functions normally ascribrd to humans or a machine in orm of a human.” --Websters Dictionary The industrial robot is used in the manufacturing environment to increase productivity . It can be used to do routine and tedious assembly line jobs , or it can perform jobs that might be hazardous to do routine and tedious assembly line jobs , or it can perform jobs that might be hazardous to the human worker . For example , one of the first industrial robots was used to replace the nuclear fuel rods in nuclear power plants . A human doing this job might be exposed to harmful amounts of radiation . The industrial robot can also operate on the assembly line , putting together small components , such as placing electronic components on a printed circuit board . Thus , the human worker can be relieved of the routine operation of this tedious task . Robots can also be programmed to defuse bombs , to serve the handicapped , and to perform functions in numerous applications in our society . The robot can be thought of as a machine that will move an end-of-arm tool , sensor , and gripper to a preprogrammed location . When the robot arrives at this location , it will perform some sort of task . This task could be welding , sealing , machine loading , machine unloading , or a host of assembly jobs . Generally , this work can be accomplished without the involvement of a human being , except for programming and for turning the system on and off . The basic terminology of robotic systems is introduced in the following :

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3、小车的功能介绍：（1）按下碰撞传感器按钮，小车停止运动，再次按，小车继续运动；（2）检测前方是否有障碍，有则避之；（3）检测前方是否有坑，有则避之；（4）在一个由两堵墙构成的死角，通过左右避障次数的累计绕出死角。 4、步骤：（1）熟悉机器人零件及其应用；（2）搭建小车，调试舵机及其编号；（3）编程——编译——下载程序；（4）检验程序结果，对小车进行调试，并对程序进一步改进。5、机器人逻辑判断流程：

步行机器人中英文对照外文翻译文献

步行机器人中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)

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《智能避障车》教学设计

《智能避障车》教学设计一、教材分析本节课是基于教科版《信息技术基础》第三章第二节《信息的编程加工》进行课程内容开发，以mbot教育机器人为载体，利用基于scratch的编程工具Mblock进行机器人编程教学。本节内容在学习程序设计中，加入机器人硬件，通过实现智能避障车的过程，介绍机器人程序设计的方法。二、学情分析高一的学生思维活跃，已经有了一定的逻辑思维能力和自主探究能力，具备了本节课学习的能力要求。虽然通过前一节课，学习了Mblock中的编程方法，但大多数学生还没形成程序设计思维，对于实际操作机器人和机器人编程来说，也还比较陌生。因此，课堂教学中要注意降低起点，逐步引导。三、教学目标 1、知识与技能：知道程序的三种基本结构，能在程序设计中熟练运用选择结构和循环结构。 2、过程与方法：能够将解决实际问题的方法转化为程序设计的流程图，并在程序中加以实现。 3、情感态度与价值观：提高科技素养，激发创新精神、探究精神和团结协作精神。四、教学重难点教学重点：选择结构和循环结构应用、机器人程序设计方法。教学难点：机器人程序设计方法。五、教学方法本课的设计贯彻“任务驱动”的教学思想，把学习的主动权交给学生，让学生置身于自主探究、解决问题的氛围中。使用实物演示和启发式教学法引导学生分析并画出智能避障车流程图；使用小组竞赛的方法组织教学，以提高学生自主探究的积极性和效率；对学生探究过程中遇到的普遍性问题，通过讲授法统一指导。

六、教学媒体 1、mbot教育机器人 2、Mblock编程工具 3、知新网络教学评价系统 4、信息技术学习平台 5、多媒体机房七、教学过程

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小小的研究。面临的困难是在基于视觉有腿机器人实验研究上由硬件的显示所限制。在有限的硬件基础上是很难继续发展先进的视觉软件。为了解决这些问题和推进基于视觉的行为研究,可以通过建立远程脑的办法。身体和大脑相连的无线链路使用无线照相机和远程控制机器人,因为机体并不需要电脑板,所以它变得更加容易建立一个有许多自由度驱动的轻盈机身。在这项研究中,我们制定了一个使用远程脑机器人的环境并且使它执行平衡的视觉和起立的手扶两足机器人,通过胳膊和腿的合作,该系统和实验结果说明如下。图 1 远程脑系统的硬件配置图 2 两组机器人的身体结构 2 远程脑系统远程控制机器人不使用自己大脑内的机构。它留大脑在控制系统中并且与它用无线电联系。这使我们能够建立一个自由的身体和沉重大脑的机器人。身体和大脑的定义软件和硬件之间连接的接口。身体是为了适应每个研究项目和任务而设计的。这使我们提前进行研究各种真实机器人系统。一个主要利用远程脑机器人是基于超级并行计算机上有一个大型及重型颅脑。虽然硬件技术已经先进了并拥有生产功能强大的紧凑型视觉系统的规模,但是硬件仍然很大。摄像头和视觉处理器的无线连接已经成为一种研究工具。远程脑的做法使我们在基于视觉机器人技术各种实验问题的研究上取得进展。另一个远程脑的做法的优点是机器人机体轻巧。这开辟了与有腿移动机器人合作的可能性。至于动物,一个机器人有 4 个可以行走的四肢。我们的重点是基于视觉的适应行为的4肢机器人、机械动物,在外地进行试验还没有太多的研究。大脑是提出的在母体环境中通过接代遗传。大脑和母体可以分享新设计

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可避障机器人设计报告姓名*** 班级机械设计制造及其自动化1班学号3011201*** 任课教师洪鹰 2014年12 月16 日

目录一、概述??????????????????????????????????????????????3 二、方案设计?????????????????????????????????????????4 1、硬件设计?????????????????????????????????????4 1.1避障基本方法?????????????????????????????4 1.2主控芯片选择?????????????????????????????4 1.3电源设计??????????????????????????????????5 1.4电机选择?????????????????????????????????5 2、主程序设计??????????????????????????????????5 三、总结??????????????????????????????????????????????7

一、概述机器人是一类能够自动完成某项功能的机械系统，机器人通过传感器和执行机构与外界进行信息物理和交互，处理器负责处理传感器采集来的信息并将相应的控制命令送给执行机构执行。机器人因其对环境的强适应性，使得他在很多领域取代了人的劳动，将人从繁重、危险的环境中解放出来。机器人广泛应用于工业生产、科学研究、危险品处理乃至国防领域。而我这次设计的应该是最基础的一种机器人——自动避障机器人，它能通过传感器感知外部环境，实现避障。