专四写作冲刺讲义

专业英语四级写作冲刺讲义

第一部分：专业英语四级写作题型

1）旧题：Direction-Write

2）新题：Read-Summarize-Comment

Read carefully the following except on term-time holiday arguments in the U.K. and then write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 words, in which you should:

?summarize the main message of the except, and then

?comment on whether parents should take children out of school for holiday during term time in order to save money.

第二部分：不变

1）题材

●环保、社会经济发展、诚信、文化

●教育择业、人生哲理（价值观）、时尚

●爱心和伦理、健康、网络电讯

2）核心内容（开篇点题-关联词-核心例证）

第三部分：变

●第一段

●做题流程

第四部分：做题流程

1）阅读：首尾、转折、否定

2）归纳主旨、看出写作题材

3）第一段：模板+主题词

●不能没有模板（原创的危险性）

●也不能只背模板句

●模板和文章指向内容相融合

4）第二段：提供相应例证对于主题进行支持

5）第三段：呼应第一段

第五部分：怎么套第一段

1）第一句话：5-8秒

2）第二句话：抓住议论文的特点，用模板句过渡

3）总结文章的主题，形成填空

The essay mainly discusses the issue of a fully automatic automobile in Mountain View, California. By providing concrete facts, complete statistics and an in-depth analysis, the author states that a driverless car can change the traditional idea that human wisdom can be superior to the machines, as can be seen in the following paragraphs.

54 words

4）如何填空

●定名词，不要乱换

●换动词，换（消）形容词

●换句型和语序

第六部分：定住第一段，才能写好第二段

1）如何进行头脑风暴

物质金钱责任爱心作息娱乐健康

方便快捷沟通安全时尚

素质成功违法文化

发展环保趋势管制

2）背诵顺序

●先宏观题材

●再微观题材

●注意人生哲理和教育择业（和八级考试类似）

第七部分：先宏观、再微观

1）先宏观

参考范文

The essay above mainly discusses the advantages (benefits) and disadvantages (drawbacks) of tourism development. By providing concrete facts, complete statistics and in-depth analysis, the author holds that tourism industry is of great importance (indispensable) for a nation under rapid economic growth. In this process, the importance of environmental protection cannot be ignored, as can be seen in the following paragraphs.

There’s no denying the fact that (Evidently/Beyond doubt/Undeniably,) there exist some problems such as air quality degradation and water pollution. The most serious ones even include the loss of local ecological balance (a terrorist attack), while the minor ones are the commuting inconvenience to the local residents. This statement does have a grain of truth at the first glimpse. But it must be pointed out that the social and economic return of tourism is attractive. For one thing, in the process of developing this industry, a tourist city can not only pool its various resources, but also adjust its industrial structure. In this way, infrastructure construction can be greatly strengthened, hence providing a solid basis to the sustaining urban growth. For another thing, tourism growth will provide new incentive to the local economy, because its boom often becomes a source of government revenue as well as a provider of job opportunities. To conclude, the influence of encouraging tourism industry is far reaching, in terms of social development and economic reward （international image）.

To sum up, it is essential that a country provide mechanism for the development of tourism industry. To bring its negative influence under control, the government department can make plans for the environmental conservation. In this way, a tourist city can impress the outside world with its new image: a place with beautiful scenes, meanwhile, with a high level of civilization.

译文：

上面的文章主要讨论的是，旅游业发展的优势（优点）和不利（不足）。通过提供具体的事实、完整的数据和深入的分析，作者坚信旅游业对一个经济快速发展的国家来说是非常重要的（必不可少的）。在这个过程中，环境保护的重要性不容忽视，将在下一段中得到体现。

无可否认的事实是（显然/无疑/不能否认地）存在一些问题像空气质量恶化和水污染。

最严重的一个问题甚至包括当地生态失衡（一次恐怖袭击），其次是对当地居民通勤的不便利。这个观点乍一看确实有可取之处。但是必须指出的是旅游业对社会和经济反哺是很具有吸引力的。一方面，旅游业的发展过程中，一个旅游城市不仅仅汇聚各种资源，同时也能调整产业结构。如此，基础设施建设能得到极大的加强，以此给城市持续发展提供一个稳定基础。另一方面，旅游业发展将给当地经济提供新的刺激性鼓励，因为经济繁荣常常会变成大量财政收入和许多的岗位。总之，就社会发展和经济回报（国际形象）鼓励旅游业发展的影响是深远的。

总而言之，一个国家为发展旅游业提供机制是非常必要的。为控制其负面影响，政府部门可以指定环境保护的计划。这样的话，一个旅游城市可以以其全新的形象惊艳外面的世界：一个拥有美丽风景的城市，同时，也有高度的文明。

补充好词好句：绕着五点走

1）建立机制：In the issue of 主题词(misleading information and empty promises in the advertisements), it is essential that an effective feedback mechanism (should) be set up at the government level.

2）制定计划：In this framework, the relevant government departments are supposed to make concrete plans to control … (promote …).

3）听专家的话：Meanwhile, advice from researchers and experts cannot be ignored: After all, they are more professional and qualified, especially in the process of policy making (in the establishment of quality standard system).

4）媒体的力量：The mainstream media, including TV stations and websites, is also an indispensable part. They can launch a campaign in (give a wide coverage to) the issue. In this way, the general public can form the awareness that … is the mainstream (the general trend), and then play their part in this matter.

5）结尾1: In a sense, it is not why the issue exists in our society, but what should be done to handle it properly.

6）Having read this essay, some readers might think that my proposals are somewhat conservative, no less traditional, but they are at least rational and realistic.

7）My advices sound general, because I am not professional in this field, but they are at least

rational and realistic.

题材1：人生哲理和态度

Passage One:

‘Failure’ means the lack of success. This word is synonymous to all negative and heart-breaking meanings of words in the adjective list. You can rate this word from 1 to 10 depending on how intense your failure means to you. Failure is as lethal as hurricane Katrina or the great Asian tsunami because it has claimed plenty of lives as well. Because of failure in any of the areas mentioned above, many people have committed to resulting in death rather than face another day filled with shame. However, these people have failed to acknowledge in their short-lived lives that failure is an essential ingredient before someone reaches success or before someone can achieve his/her goals. Christina Aguilera’s song couldn’t hav e said it better: ‘It makes me that much stronger, makes me work a little bit harder, it makes me that much wiser , thanks for making me a fighter.’ A success without failure is not a success at all. Life wouldn’t be sweeter without having a pinch or two o f failures along the way. You know, what doesn’t kill you will make you stronger. It’s true. And failures in life will do it to you.

There are a lot of ways the words ‘success’ and ‘failure’ can be defined. These areas may be relating to your career or your education. It can even be about your relationship inside your family, your special someone, or even with your friends. Success and failure could also be found in the areas of seeking the path towards God or religion and even on your path towards self-development and your grand voyage towards self-perfection. It may also be about money. Success and failure can really go beyond the bounds of how a person’s past, present, and future are going to be. These two words are interrelated. They are intertwined. Success can never happen without going through a series of failures. Even when you become successful, the risk will remain as high for you to fail again. The relationship of success and failure is really more like a big wheel–you go up and then you go down. But one thing is for sure, success and failure is one of the greatest paradoxes in life.

Why is failure essential to success, and what can your successes learn from failure? Here are the distinctions of the two terms that make them such a great paradox in life.

参考范文：

1）如果是旧题考试：

Some people think that failure is not always a bad thing. Do you agree or disagree with the statement? Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.

有些人认为失败并不总是一件坏事。你是否同意这个观点？用具体的原因和例子来支持你的观点。

2）参考范文：

开头段不套模板可以吗：写得少

Currently, a discussion is taking place in general public, that is, whether the failure is not always a bad thing. People always vary in their views, but in my view, the influence of failures is essentially negative, but diligent working spirit still plays a major role in this process, and therefore we must pay more attention to its position. So failure is not a bad thing, as can be seen in the following paragraphs.

T here’s no denying that people might underestimate themselves, especially after they have had some temporary setbacks. This statement does contain an element of truth at the first glimpse. But under scrutiny, there are many limitations. As a matter of fact, it must be pointed out that these experiences also urge people to learn from lessons and work more diligently for theoretical knowledge, meanwhile strengthening his own problem-solving abilities and practical working skills. For another thing, after a series of failures, the losers usually display some passive emotions such as hesitation, bewilderment and self-denial (anxiety, confusion, disillusionment, depression, pessimism, the lack of a clear direction). But the other side of the issue is that a man can become more determined, and with confidence and courage, he can face challenges, overcome difficulties and strive for the goal. To conclude, failure is often related to unscientific methods or short-sighted development strategy. But by learning from mistakes, one can draw up useful experiences and appeal to a down-to-earth working attitude. Given the above mentioned three aspects, failure is not a bad thing. Instead, it is another road towards personal achievement and career success. )

To sum up, I’ d like to emphasize the view that has been mentioned in the first paragraph. Although some people hate failure, they can learn a good lesson from temporary setbacks in return for future success. So my advice is that the experts and researchers should offer their professional advice to the young people so that they can quickly walk out of shadow. Secondly, young people are supposed to keep grace under pressure, meanwhile strive for future success. Some readers might think my opinion is rather traditional, but it turns out to be not only realistic, but (also) rational as well.

译文：

目前，公众正在进行一个讨论，那就是，失败是否总是一件坏事情。人们各执己见，但是在我认为，失败的影响基本上是负面的，但是勤奋工作的精神在这一过程中仍然发挥着重要作用，因此我们必须更加重视其立场。所以失败不是一件坏事，将在下一段中得以呈现。

无可否认的是人们可能低估了自己，尤其是在遭遇了暂时的挫折时。这个观点第一眼看起来就包含了真相的元素。但是在审查中，有很多限制。事实上，必须要指出来的是这些经验促使人们从中吸取教训并且在学习理论知识时更加勤奋，同时增强他自己问题解决能力以及实践技巧。另一方面，经历一系列的失败后，失败者往往会有一些消极情绪诸如犹豫、困惑和自我否定（焦虑、困惑、幻灭、沮丧、悲观、缺乏方向感）。但另一面则是一个人可以变得更坚定，并且具备自信和勇气，他可以面对挑战，克服困难并且为目标而奋斗。总之，失败常常与不科学的方法和充满短见的发展策略有关。但是通过从错误中学习，一个人可以总结有用的经验，并以务实的工作态度来吸引人。上述提到的三个方面，失败不是一件坏事。相反，这是通往个人成就和事业成功的另一条道路。

总而言之，我想强调的这个观点是在第一段中提到的。即使很多人讨厌失败，他可以从暂时的挫折中吸取教训，以换取将来的成功。所以我的建议是，专家和研究者应该为年轻人提供他们专业性的建议，以便他们能够快速走出阴影。其次，年轻人应该在压力下保持优雅，同时为将来的成功而奋斗。一些读者大概想我的观点过于传统，但事实证明，这不仅是现实的而且也是合理的。

题材2：学习思想方法：熟能生巧

参考范文：Practice Makes Perfect

Practice is the act of rehearsing a behavior over and over, or engaging in an activity again and again, for the purpose of improving or mastering it, as in the phrase "practice makes perfect". Sports teams practise to prepare for actual games. Playing a musical instrument well takes a lot of practise. It is a method of learning and of acquiring experience.

Psychologist K. Anders Ericsson, a professor of Psychology at Florida State University, has been a pioneer in researching deliberate practice and what it means. According to Ericsson: People believe that because expert performance is qualitatively different from a normal performance the expert performer must be endowed with characteristics qualitatively different from those of normal adults. [...] We agree that expert performance is qualitatively different from normal performance and even that expert performers have characteristics and abilities that are qualitatively different from or at least outside the range of those of normal adults. However, we deny that these differences are immutable, that is, due to innate talent. Only a few exceptions, most notably height, are genetically prescribed. Instead, we argue that the differences between expert performers and normal adults reflect a life-long period of deliberate effort to improve performance in a specific domain.

Ericsson's core finding is that how expert one becomes at a skill has more to do with how one practices than with merely performing a skill a large number of times. An expert breaks down the skills that are required to be expert and focuses on improving those skill chunks during practice or day-to-day activities, often paired with immediate coaching feedback. Another important feature of deliberate practice lies in continually practicing a skill at more challenging levels with the intention of mastering it.

译文：

练习就是为了改进或者掌握一个技能，一遍又一遍演习一个动作，或者一次又一次参加一个活动，正如谚语所说“熟能生巧”。体育队为了实际比赛而做准备。能玩儿好一个乐器也需要大量的练习。这是一种学习和获得经验的方法。

心理学家K安德鲁艾利逊，是佛罗里达州大学的一位心理学教授，一直是研究有意练习的先驱。根据艾利逊的观点：人们相信专家的表现与普通的表现在质量上有很大的不同，专家的表现一定具有成年人不同的特征。我们同意专家的表现与普正常成年人的表现在质量上有别，甚至专家表现所具备的特征和能力在质量上与正常成年人不同，或至少超出正常成年人的范围。然而，我们否认这些差异是永恒不变的，也就是说，是天生的天赋使然。最显著的是，只有极少数例外是基因决定的。相反，我们争论的在专家表现和普通成年人表现之间的区别，反映出在一个特定领域中为提高绩效而付出的一生的努力。

艾利逊的核心发现是一个人如何成为一个技能的专家，更多地取决于他如何练习，而不仅仅是表现。一个专家突破技能是要求专业地并且专注地在技能领域提升，或者日复一日的练习，经常能及时的反馈练习。另一个有意练习的重要特质，是建立在更具挑战性并试图掌握它的层面上持续练习一个技能。

参考范文：

2）开头可以“装”

As the first sight of this sentence, I feel somewhat bewildered. But on quiet and serious reflection, I suddenly find that there is a truth in this motto. It is important to put what we have learned into practice, and this can bring positive influence to our development.

There’s no denying the fact that theory cannot be ignored in one’s work an d studies. This statement does contain an element of truth. But under scrutiny, there are certain limitations in this remark. It must be pointed out that practice is also of great importance. For one thing, it is essential that people appeal to practice so that they can make the best use of what they learned in the field work. For one thing, by means of repetition, the analytical skills and problem-solving abilities can also be great improved. As a result, working experience and overall qualities originate from practice, rather than the so-called methods or information collection. The conclusion is that it is less sufficient to have a good command of theoretical knowledge. Practice is equally important, because it plays a key role in academic achievement and professional success.

To sum up, I’d like to emp hasize my view mentioned in the first paragraph:it is fundamental that modern people put what they have learned into practice. It requires diligence, dedication and devotion (patience, persistence and persistence) It is advised that they start from small details and work diligently. They will find it is hard to do so at the beginning, because they have to overcome many difficulties or to confront various challenges. But constant efforts will bring them experience, inspiration and creativity. Many people fancy that success comes from some unconventional methods, but personal achievement originates from a professional spirit, namely, putting one’s abstract concept into practice.Some reader might think that my conclusion is rather conservative and traditional, but it turns out to be not only realistic, but also rational as well.

译文：

当我第一眼看到这个命题时，我或多或少感到一些困惑。但是在安静和严肃的思考中，我突然发现这句箴言中存在真理。把我们所学到的东西付诸实践是很重要的，而且这能给我们的发展带来积极地的影响。

无法否认的事实是：理论在一个人的工作和学习中是不容忽视的。这句话确实很有道理。但是仔细考量后悔发现这句话也存在一些局限。必须要指出的是练习是非常重要的。一方面，人们需要练习以便把它们在这个领域所学能充分利用起来。另一方面，通过重复的方式，分析性能力和问题解决能力可以得到极大的提升。如此看来，工作经验和整体素质都来源于实践，而不是所谓的方法和信息收集。结论是，掌握好理论知识是不够的。练习是很重要的，它在学术成就和专业成就中起着关键作用。

总之，我想强调一下我在第一段中提及的观点：对于现代人来说将所学应用到实践是基本的。这要求勤奋、奉献和投入（耐心、毅力和执着）。建议是从一些细节开始并且勤奋的努力。大家会发现在开始阶段有些艰难，因为需要克服许多困难或者迎接各种挑战。但不断的努力会给他们带来经验、灵感和创造力。许多人认为成功来自于一些非常规的方法，但是个人的成就源于一种职业精神，也就是说，将抽象概念付诸实践。一些读者大概会认为我的结论过于保守或传统，但事实证明，这不仅是现实的，而且也是合理的。

题材3：时尚

原文：冰桶挑战，真人秀（2016年考题）

选文：

Ice bucket challenge: who’s pouring cold water on the ide a?

The ice bucket challenge has certainly raised awareness. Whether that’s primarily of the disease for which it is raising funds or the speed at which images of swimsuit-clad celebrities will go viral is a long-term question. More pertinent right now is whether or not the craze has reached a tipping point.

As it lived by social media, so the ice bucket challenge could die by it. The state of California is currently experiencing one of the worst droughts on record. So gestures such as companies dousing their staff en masse in hundreds of gallons of icy water, come across more as wasteful PR

exercises than charitable gestures – and are being called out as such on Twitter.

There has been a similar reaction in China. Last week, protesters in drought-stricken Henan province raised empty red buckets over their heads, accompanied by the slogan “Henan, please say no to the ice bucket challenge”.

China’s ministry for civil affairs, while broadly supportive, has warned citizens against the practice’s “entertainment and commercial tendencies”.

But the real dampener could be the risk of bodily harm. Doctors around the world have warned of risks to elderly people, expectant mothers and people with heart conditions.

ALS Ice Bucket Challenge Takes U.S. by Storm

In the last two weeks, the Ice Bucket Challenge? has quite literally “soaked” the nation. Everyone from Ethel Kennedy to Justin Timberlake has poured a bucket of ice water over his or her head and challenged others do the same or make a donation to fight ALS within twenty-four hours.

Between July 29 and today, August 12, The ALS Association and its 38 chapters have received an astonishing $4 million in donations compared with $1.12 million during the same time period last year. The ALS Association is incredibly grateful for the outpouring of support from those people who have been doused, made a donation, or both.

“We have never seen anything like this in the history of the disease,” said Barbara Newhouse, President and CEO of The ALS Association.

With only about half of the general public knowledgeable about amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the Ice Bucket Challenge is making a profound difference. Since July 29, The Association has welcomed more than 70,000 new donors to the cause.

“While the monetary donations are absolutely incredible,” said Newhouse, “the visibility that this disease is getting as a result of the challenge is truly invaluable. People who have never before heard of ALS are now engaged in the fight to find treatments and a cure for ALS.”

参考范文：

The passage mainly discusses the issue of ice bucket challenge（a popular TV program in the entertainment circle）. According to the author, this （program）does have some benefits,

particularly in the purpose of drawing the immediate public attention. However, there are still some problems, particularly in terms of its shallowness. In my view, the disadvantages of this practice outweigh the so-called benefits, and therefore it is not advisable to make this attempt, as can be seen in the following paragraphs.

There’s no denying the fact that the behavior of pouring ice water on the head brings more investment to cure a disease . Meanwhile, it highlights the participant’s individualities, attracting the attention from the general public. However, it must be pointed out that this practice is more or less superficial, showing certain larger-than-life personal characters. For another thing, through these extreme activities, the participants look rather unnatural and affected. As a result, their vanity is greatly satisfied, winning strong eyeball effects from the general public. However, behind these self-important behaviors, nothing is gained, except for an extorted personality. Given the analysis above, The reality show has been a practice that highlights one’s personalities and self-image. It is a symbol of self-commercialization and shallow taste.

To sum up, I’d like to emphasize my point of view that is mentioned at the beginning of this article: Despite the fact that the ice bucket challenge draws public attention, it is not the only approach that can raise fund. Perhaps, it is more realistic that we seek other more significant ways to call for social assistance. This conclusion might be traditional, but it is at least rational.

译文：

这段话主要讨论的是冰桶挑战的问题（一个娱乐圈很流行的电视节目）。根据作者的观点，这个（节目）确实有一些优点，尤其是为了吸引公众的注意。然而，特别是就其肤浅而言，存在一些问题。在我看来，这种做法的缺点大于所谓的优点，因此我会在下一段中讨论，不宜做出这种尝试。

不可否认的事实是将冰水倒在头上的行为会带来更更多的资助来治疗疾病。同时，节目也能突出参与者的个性，吸引来自公众的注意力。然而，必须指出的是这种行为或多或少是肤浅的，显示出有英雄色彩的个人特征。一方面，在这些极端的活动中，参与者看起来很不自然很受影响。结果是，他们的虚荣心得到了极大的满足，从普通大众中赢得了极强的眼球效应。然而，在这些妄自尊大的行为背后，什么也得不到，除了一个被勒索的人格。通过以上的分析看到，真人秀一直以来都是一个突出个人个性和自我形象的活动。是自我商业化、

品味浅的象征。

综上所述，我想强调一下我在文章开头提出的观点：尽管冰桶挑战吸引了公众的注意力，这不是唯一能筹集资金的办法。或许，我们寻求其他更有效的方式来呼吁提供社会援助比较现实。这个结论可能是传统的，但至少是理性的。

题材4：网络教育

参考范文：

The essay above mainly discusses the issue of on-line education in the modern Chinese society. By providing concrete facts, ample examples and solid reasons, the author holds that on-line learning is of great importance in the daily life of many college students. And its influence is essentially far-reaching and positive, as can be seen in the following paragraphs.

T here’s no denying the fact that traditional schools are still playing a key role in a society. They provide students with systematic training in a wide range of subjects. This statement does contain an element of truth. But it must be pointed out that on-line learning is also beneficial for many learners. For one thing, it brings efficiency and convenience to individuals. All they can do is to log in and type in a few passwords. With a click of mouse, a bulk of information is immediately at our fingertips. For another thing, thanks to the Internet, people in different regions can facilitate mutual communication, hence bridging the gap between them. As a result, information sources become increasingly direct, easy and transparent. In this situation, the geographical and psychological distance is greatly reduced, along with effective interaction between learners and instructors.

But to acknowledge only the positive influence would be short sighted. The other side of this issue is that youngsters indulge themselves in the net space thus adopting an attitude of apathy towards their friends and parents. Only maintain a balance between the virtual world and the real one can net surfers use computers rationally.

译文：

以上文章主要讨论了在中国现代社会中线上教育的问题。通过提供具体的事实、大量的例子和确凿的理由，作者认为对于很多大学生来说，在日常生活中线上教育是非常重要的。并且，它的影响基本上是深远和积极的，从下面的段落可以看出。

不可否认的事实是在一个社会中传统学校仍然非常重要。传统学校为学生提供大量学科的系统培训。这个观点确实有其合理之处。但必须指出的是，线上学习对许多学习者也是有益的。一方面，线上学习给个人带来了效率和便利。他们所需要做的就是输入密码并且登录。点击一下鼠标，大量的信息就唾手可得。另一方面，由于有了互联网，不同地区的人们可以促进相互交流，因此缩小了他们之间的距离。结果是，信息资源变得越来越直接、容易且透明。在这种情况下，地理和心理距离大大缩短，以及学习者和指导者之间的有效互动。

但是只承认积极影响是短视的。这个问题的另一个方面是，年轻人沉迷于网络空间，因此对他们的朋友和父母采取冷漠的态度。只有在虚拟世界和现实世界之间保持平衡，网民才能理性地使用电脑。

第八部分：总结

背哪里才能得分？

开篇点题

关联词

核心例证（第二段）

先宏观、再微观、注意人生哲理、教育