高考英语复习专题(共15个专题)

高考英语复习专题(共15个专题)
高考英语复习专题(共15个专题)

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语法复习专题一——名词crew are all tired. 船员们都累坏了(个体)。

一、考点聚焦2、不可数名词的数

1. 可数名词单、复数变化形式(1)一般说来抽象名词为不可数名词,但当抽象名词表示具体的东西时,

(1)规则变化。

可用作可数名词且词义发生变化,主要类型如下:

①单数名词词尾直接加-s 。如:boy —boys, pen —pens 。

①抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。如:

②以s、x 、ch 、sh 结尾的单词一般加-es 。如:glass —glasses,box

抽象名词(不可数)具体化(个体名词,可数名词)

—boxes, watch —watches, brush —brushes 。in surprise 惊讶地 a surprise 一件令人惊讶的事特例:stomach —stomaches 。win success 获得成功 a success 一个( 件)成功的人( 事)

③以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的变“y”为“i ”再加“-es”。如:win honor 赢得荣誉an honor 一个( 件)引以为荣的( 事)

baby —babies, lady —ladies, fly —flies 。Failure( 失败)is the mother of success a failure 失败者

④以“o”结尾的多数加-es 。如:tomato —tomatoes, potato —potatoes,

失败是成功之母。

hero —heroes 。但以两个元音字母结尾的名词和部分外来词中以o 结尾的词by experience 靠经验an experience 一次经历

只加-s 。如:radio —radios, zoo —zoos, photo —photos, piano —youth 青春 a youth 一个青年人

pianos, kilo —kilos, tobacco —tobaccos 。have pity on sb. 怜悯某人 a pity 可惜的事情

⑤以“f ”或“fe”结尾的名词复数形式变“ f ”或“fe ”为“v”,之后再with pleasure 乐意 a pleasure 乐事

②抽象名词与a(an) 连用,淡化了抽象概念,转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、加-es 。如:wife —wives, life —lives, knife —knives, wolf —wolves,

self —selves, leaf —leaves 等。特例:handkerchief —handkerchiefs,

行为或类别。如:

roof —roofs, chief —chiefs, gulf —gulfs, belief —beliefs, A knowledge of English is a must in international trade.

cliff —cliffs 。Would you like to have a walk (swim, bath, talk) with me?

⑥改变元音字母的。如:man —men, mouse —mice, foot —feet, It is waste of time reading such a novel.

woman—women, tooth —teeth, goose —geese, ox —oxen 。特例:She made an apology to her mother for her wrong doings.

child —children 。(2) 物质名词是不可数名词,但表示数量或种类之多时,可以用作可数名词。

⑦复合名词的复数形式。(A)在复合词中最后名词尾加-s 。如:armchair —

如:

armchairs, bookcase —bookcases, bookstore —book- ①物质名词有形或数的相应物体,有单、复数。如:somecoffee 一些咖啡,stores 。(B)man和woman作定语修饰另一个名词时,前后两个名词都要变 a coffee 一杯咖啡,three coffees 三杯咖啡,some drink 一些饮料, a drink 成复数。如:man doctor —men doctors, woman driver —women dri- 一杯饮料,three drinks 三杯饮料,his hair 他的头发, a few grey hairs 几vers 。(C)与介词或副词一起构成的复合名词应在主体名词部分加-s 。如:根白发,glass 玻璃,a glass 一只玻璃杯。

brother-in-law —brothers-in-law, passer-by —passers-by 。

②物质名词有前置后置修饰时,前面要使用不定冠词。

⑧有的名词有两种复数形式。如:zero —zeros 、zeroes, deer —have breakfast The road is covered with snow.

deers 、deer。penny 的两种复数形式含义有所不同。如:pence(便士的have a wonderful breakfast They have a heavy snow every year.

钱数),pennies( 便士的枚数)。Time and tide wait for no man.

(2)不规则变化。We had a wonderful time last night.

①单、复数同形。如:means, aircraft, deer, fish, Chinese, (3) 有复数形式的不可数名词

Japanese, sheep, works (工厂),cattle 。

①有些抽象名词往往以复数形式出现,起到一种丰富语言感情色彩或强调

②合成名词的复数。如:boy-friend —boy-friends, go-between —

某种特殊状态的作用。如:

go-betweens( 中间人),grown-up —grown-ups 。Use your brains, please.

③有些名词通常只用作复数。如:glasses 眼镜,clothes 衣服,goods They have smoothed away the difficulties.

货物,trousers 裤子,belongings 所有物,wages 工资,riches 财富, Have you made preparations for tomorrow ’s meeting?

surroundings 环境,ashes 灰尘, campasses圆规,cattle 家畜,congratulations Many thanks for your kindness.

祝贺,have words with sb. 同某人吵架,in high spirits 以很高热情地,give No pains, no gains.

one’s regards to sb. 向某人问侯,in rags 衣衫破烂,It is good manners to After many failures, they finally succeeded.

do sth. 有礼貌做某事。

②有些物质名词以复数形式出现,表示数量之多,范围之广。如:

④集体名词的数。有些集体名词通常只用作复数,如:people, The boy burst into tears at the bad news.

cattle, police; 有些名词只用作单数,如:machinery, furniture, The rising waters did a lot of harm to the crops.

mankind, jewellery; 有些名词既可用作单数又可用作复数,单数看做整体,复The stone bridge broke down in heavy rains.

数看做集体的各个成员。如:The crew is large. 船员人数很多(指整体);The 3. 名词所有格

优质范文

(1)“’s”所有格的特殊表示形式有: 2. The police are offering a __________to anyone who can give 间、距离、价格、重量等的名词后,如:today ’s information about the lost key. (NMET 1999)

①用于表示时

newspaper, five minutes ’walk(drive),five pounds’weight, ten A. price B. prize C. reward D. money

dollars ’worth of coffee 。解析:答案为C。price 价格,价钱;prize奖金。D项是钱,属不可数名

后。如:the earth ’s planet,

②用于表示国家、世界、城市等地方的名词

词,题中所要填的是“酬金,报酬”。注意正确理解名词的含义及其搭配是活用

the word ’s population, China ’s industry, New York ’s parks 。

语言的基础,在复习备考中要熟练掌握考纲中一些名词的词义、搭配、习惯等,

(2)“of ”所有格的特殊表示方式有:

才能更好辨析名词,从而选择最符合句意的选项。

①表示“部分”时

的名词前有一个表示数量的词(a、two、 3.You’ll find this map of great _____________in helping you to get ,一般在所修饰

several 、some、no、many等),如:Some students of Mister Zhang ’s have round London. (NMET 1998)

gone to college.张老师的一些学生已经上大学了。 A. price B. cost C. value D.

②表示“其中之一,其中一部分”的意思时,用: a friend of Tom ’s usefulness

汤姆的一个朋友(许

多朋友中的一位)。解析:答案为C。本题考查特定语境中名词的词义及“be of + 抽象名词”

该用:that/this/these/结

意,value 作“quality

构。Price (价格) ,cost(价钱,费用,成本)不符合题

,应

恶等感情色彩时

③表示赞扬、批评

或厌

those + 名词(单、复数)of Mary ’s/yours/his/hers 。如:of being useful or desirable ”解时,常与of 搭配,在句中作表语或补语,

That invention of hers belongs to the world. 她的那项发明是属于全意为“有用,有价值”。故选择value 。注意名词词义辨异及惯用法表达,题中赏)。“of + 抽象名词”相当于该名词的形容词形式。

世界的(表赞

4、名词作定语4.If you buy more than ten, they knock 20 pence off .

些名词

A. a price

B. price

C. the price

D. price

可以直接用来作定语

,这

应的同根形容词

英语中有些名词

没有其对

。解析:答案为C。本题考冠词和名词。全句合理句意应是:如果你买超过

修饰另一个名词

。10 个,他们从(现在标出的)价格上减价20 便士。此处价格是特指的定价,所(1)分类

意义

air pollution 空气污染boy friend 男朋友以C项最佳。

coffee cup 咖啡杯income tax 所得税 5.The journey around the world took the old sailor nine moths, tennis ball 网球song writer 歌曲作家the sailing time was 226 days.

body language 身体语言road accident 交通事故 A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for

Nobel Prize诺贝尔奖which

B。辨析名词语义, a distance of + 数字“??距离”。

间、地点、称呼等。解析:答案为

(2)时

Doctor Jack 杰克医生Professor Li 李教授 6. I keep medicines on the top shelf, out of the evening school 夜校winter sleep 冬眠children ’s .

street dance 街舞country music乡村音乐A. reach B. hand C. hold D.

village people 村民school education 学校教育place

China problem 中国问题解析:答案为A。“out of reach ”是“超出某人够得着的范围”,即“够不

(3)表目的、手段、来源,所属意义

不到的地方。

着”的意思,药品应放到孩子够

reception desk 接待台sports field 田径场

语法复习专题二——冠词

stone table 石桌color TV 彩电

一、考点聚焦

weather report 天气预报 1. 不用冠词的情况

、物质名词、抽象名词

有名词

、人名、地名等名词前,一般不加冠

二、精典名题

解(1)专

选择

填空词

1. It is generally believed that teaching is ___________it is a science. China, America, Smith

(NMET 2001) Air is matter.

A. an art much as

B. much an art as (2)可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等限制时,不加冠词。

C. as an art much as

D. as much an art as This dictionary is mine.

、月份、星期、节

修饰时,其(3)季节

日、假日、一日三餐名称前一般不加冠词。

D。当名词

前有what、so、as、too、quite 等词

解析:答案为

成下列结

构,如:What a nice book! This is too heavy March, May Day, National Day, Children ’s Day, Women’s Day ,组

形容词

被这

些词

修饰

a box for meto carry. He is not as honest a boy as Mike. 等,应采取too/how Have you had supper?

+ 形容词(副词)+ a(an) + 名词的形式。要记住一些类似的特殊结构,并加Spring is the best season of the year.

前及表示头衔职务的名词

以分析。(4)称呼语或指家用雇用的nurse 、cook 等名词

优质范文

。The market in the country is busiest in winter.

作宾语

补及同位语时,一般不加冠词

What’s this, Father? We made him our chairman.

所有格或物主代词时,不能用定冠词。

④形容词最高级前有名词

Ask nurse to put the child to bed. Professor Li. A wolf in a sheep ’s skin is our most dangerous enemy.

。⑤序数词前面一般加定冠词表示“第??”之意,但在second、third 等、棋类名称前不加冠词

(5)学科名称、球类

Do you study physics?

词前加不定冠词表示“又一,再一”之意。

He likes playing football/chess. ?why you took a second arrow

。注意:下句中“ a first ”表示“第一名、冠军”。

(6)复数名词

前不用冠词

表示泛指一类人或事物时

They are peasants/ workers. He is a top student in our class; he often gets a first in maths.

用的交通工具名称前不加冠词。(13)no 与such连用时应放在such 之前,such 后面的名词不用冠词。

(7)在与by连

by car, by bus,by bike, by train, by air/ water/ land No such thing has ever happened in this village.

前不用冠词。

但:take a bus, come in a boat, on the train/ bus 需注意。(14)never 、ever 置于作主语的名词前,这些名词

。Never did student study so hard.这个学生从未学得这么认真。

组中不用冠词

(8)某些固定词

、时间、金钱和精力,或为了引起注意力,省去

中:(15)有时为了节省空间

①名词词组

husband and wife, brother and sister, body and soul, day and night, a(n) 或the,这主要用于新闻标题、工商业文件、广告、电报、公告、提纲、书

knife and fork

名等。

中:

②介词词组

Conference opens. 会议召开了。

to(at, from) school, in (to)class, in (to,at, from)university 2. 定冠词的使用情况

(college ),to(in, into, from )church, to(in,into, out of)prison(hospital, (1)使用定冠词的一般情况。

bed), to(at, from, out of)work, to(in, from) town,at (from)home,

①特指或第二次提到。

to(at)sea, at night(noon, midnight), by car (bus, bicycle, plane), on

②序数词前、最高级前、独一无二的东西前。

foot

③用于表示发明物的单

前。

有名词

数名词

前或某些专

使用特殊的场

合。

不同。(2)定冠词

组中,有无冠词

注意:在有些词

含义

①He hit him in the face.

in hospital 住院(因病)beat sb. on the nose, take sb. by the arm, pat sb. on the head ②the in the hospital 在医院(工作、参观等)rich, the poor, the wounded 富人,穷人,伤员

③the elder of the two, he more beautiful of the two 两者中较年长

in front of 在前面,指某物体之外

in the front of 在前部,指某物之内

漂亮的一个

的一位,较

in charge负责,主管out of question 没问题④The sooner, the better. 越快越好。

in the charge 由??负责out of the question 不可能⑤He got paid by the hour. 他是按小时付工钱的。

不带

的名词

冠词

。by the yard/the dozen/the month/the year ?

(9)as 引导

的让

步状语从句中,作表语

Child as she is, she knows a lot of French. 但:by weight 按重量

数可数名词

前习

惯不用⑥in the 50s /in the 1870s (表示年代)

的单

成”解)后作表语

(10)系动

词turn (作“变

。⑦the Smiths/the Whites (表示一家人或夫妇俩)

冠词

The young girl has turned writer. ⑧in the water/field/light/shade/distance/middle/country/rain

= The young girl has become a writer. ⑨tell the truth/on the other hand/on the way home

数名词

(表示“一个接一个”)结构

数名词+ after + 同一单

(11)在单

是当它有一限定性修饰语时,

⑩当抽象名词表示某一特定内容,特别

连用:

。它与定冠词

前不加冠词

中,单

数可数名词

She did experiment after experiment. She is fond of music.

有:shop after shop, mistake after mistake He is playing the music written by Beethoven.

类似的还

前、序数词

的情况。Good advice is beyond price.

前也有不用定冠词

的最高级

(12)形容词

,前面不用定冠词。I ’m sorry not to have taken the advice he gave.

”作“十分、非常、极”解时

原级

①“most + 形容词

Oh, it ’s most beautiful. 3. 不定冠词常用的几种情况

时,第二个形容词前通常不用(1)表示“一”相当于“one”。I ’ll return in a day or two.

同一个名词

②当两个形容词

最高级并列修饰

。(2)表示“每”相当于“per ”。We have three meals a day.

定冠词

She is the tallest and fattest girl in our school. (3)表示“同一性”相当于“the same”。The children are of an age.

作表语,不表示与其他人或物相比时,其前不用定冠词。(4)表示类指,表示“某类”。He wants to he a doctor.

③当形容词最高级

范文优质

.

(5)表示泛指,相当于“any”。A horse is a useful animal. I offered him double the amount, but he still refused.

(6)表示某一个,相当于“ a certain ”。A Mr. Smith is asking to see

二、精典名题导解

you.

选择填空

、一次、一件”,如:a pleasure 1. The warmth of ______sweater will of course be determined by the 连用,可以表示“一场

(7)与抽象名词

的事, a pity 一件sort of ____wool used. (NMET 2001)

的事, a joy 一件高兴

事, a surprise 一件令人惊讶

一件乐

荣的人(事) 。A.The ; the B .the ; / C ./; the D ./; /

以为

遗憾的事,an honour 一个(件)经

、一份”。解析:答案为B。第一空格为特指,交待the warmth 的内容,第二空格为连用,表示“一种,一阵

名词

(8)与物质

What a heavy rain! 泛指,the sort of wool used 所用羊毛的种类。此题有三点需注意:①正确理What a good supper! 解sweater这一句词在句中的类别。②掌握determine 在句中作“决定”、“取

Please give me a black coffee!

决于”这个意思。③掌握定冠词表特指的基本用法。

4. 冠词表类别的常见方式 2. Most animals have little connection with_________animals

(1)定冠词

,表示一个,代表一类

。of___________different kind unless they kill them for food. (NMET2000)+单

数可数名词

The computer was invented in 1945. A.the ? a B ./ ? a C .the ?the D ./ ?the The TV set was invented by Joan Baird. 解析:答案为B。名词复数表类别,其前不用冠词,故第一个空格不填冠词,

The horse is a useful animal. 表不定概念的“一种”,“某种”要用不定冠词a。要准确掌握冠词表类别的三种数可数名词

(表示任意一个,某一个)。

+单

(2)不定冠词

表达方式和不定冠词常用的几种情况,见前面要点考点聚焦内容。

A pen is a tool for writing. 3. Paper money was in___________use in China when Marco Polo visited

A square has four sides. the country in __________thirteenth century. (NMET199)9

A horse is a useful animal. A.the ?/

B .the ?the

C ./ ?the

D ./ ?/

数。如:解析:答案为C。题中in use 是固定搭配,意为“在使用”,use为抽象名注意:man, woman表示泛指时,不用冠词

,且常用单

Man is fighting a battle against pollution.词,其前不用冠词。后者是序数词前用定冠词t he 。要牢记一些固定搭配如in

Man tries to be the protector of woman. use、under construction (在建设中)、in debt (欠债)、come to power (执到同类

别(考虑

)等。

中的各个情况)。政)、on fire (着火)、at table (用餐)、out of work (失业(3)可数名词

或不可数名词

,指类

Horses are useful animals. 4. When you come here for your holiday next time don’t go to Rice is a kind of food. hotel; I can find you bed in my flat.

5. 冠词位置问题 A. the; a B. the; 不填 C. a; the D. a; 不填

从句。主句部分应是The English play at the New

C。考定语

(1)不定冠词

+副词+形容词

+名词。解析:答案为

This is a very interesting story. Year’s party was a great success. 从句补全为独立句子就是my students

不妥。

。acted in the play. 所以应选in which ,其余介词

(2)such、what、both 、all 、quite 、rather + 不定冠词

+形容词

+名词

I ’ve never seen such a film! 5. —John, there is Mr. Wilson on the phone for you.

Half a pound of pork,please! —I ’m in bath.

What a good idea it is! A. a; the B. the; a C. a; 不填 D. the; 不填

A。本题考查冠词用法。a+姓名,表示“一个叫??的人”;

(3)as、so、too 、how、however、enough+形容词

+不定冠词+名词。解析:答案为

It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent. in the bath 在浴室。

I can ’t finish the task in so short a time. 6. Tom owns larger collection of books than any

This seems not too long a distance. other student in our class.

We wonder how difficult a problem he worked out. A. the; 不填 B. a; 不填 C. a; the D. 不填; the However low te price you paid,you waste your money. 解析:答案为B。考冠词,collection 是可数名词,须填冠词,被比较级

He is brave enough a hunter to kill the bear.

,但是大范围的比较,故填不定冠词,后一空是泛指的表类别的书,且已

修饰

。故选

B。

位置。用了复数,不填冠词

(4)定冠词

①half 、twice 、three times + the + 名词

语法复习专题三——代词

He paid twice the price for it.

一、考点聚焦

Their house is three times the size of yours.

、相互代词、指示代词疑

分为九类:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词

代词

②all 、both 、double + the + 名词

。大多数代词

具有名词和形容词

的作

、连接代词、不定代词、关系代词

Both the blind men were mistaken.

用。

All the students in our class are eager to know the secret. 1、人称代词范文

优质

.

格,但应注意以下 4 中情Left to himself he began to write.别人走后只留下他,他写了起来。

用宾

作主语用主格,作宾语、表语

(1)人称代词

况:I ’m very angry with myself. 生自己的气。

种句 4. 相互代词(each other, one another )

词的句子中,或在这

语动

①作主语

的人称代词如果孤立地使用于无谓

用,常用宾

格。相互代词无人称、数和格的区别,在句中作宾语。其所有格分别为each 词不定式连

子中与动

—Does any of you know where Tom lives? other ’s 、one another ’s , 作定语。

,—Me. 一般来说,each other 指两者之间,one another 指三者或三者以上之间

What! Me (to) play him at chess? No!

但现在区分已不明显。

时,与所替代的名词

在人称、数、格在 5. 指示代词(this, that , these, those, such, same )

足语

②句子中代词作宾

或补

意义上一般要保持前后一致。指示代词具有形容词和代词两种词性,在句子中可以作定语、主语、宾语

The thief was thought to be he.(the thief 是主格,故用he代替)

或表语等。

They took me to be her. 他们误以为我是她。(me是宾格,故用her 替代)(1)指示代词t his 和that 的区别。

的格不①this (these) 一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物;that(those) 常指时间

③作表语

调部分代词

格,但在强调句型中,被强

人称代词

一般用宾

。或空间较远的人或物。

I met her in the hospital. →It was her who I met in the hospital. This is my desk and that is yours.

格都可以。如:He is taller In those days they could not go to school.

级的句子中than、as 后用主格、宾

④在比较

②this 常指后面要讲到的事物,有启下的作用;that则指前面讲到过的事than me(I). 但在下列句中有区别。

I like Jack as much as her.=I like both Jack and her.

物,有承上的作用。

I like Jack as much as she.=I like Jack and she likes him, too. I want to tell you this:the English party will be held on Saturday

(2) 两个以上的人称代词并列,其次序排列原则:afternoon.

:二三一(人称)。宾H e hurt his leg yesterday. That ’s why he didn ’t come.

①在并列主语中,“I ”总

是放在最后,排列顺序为

格me也一样。③为了避免重复,常用that 或those 代替前面已提过的名词。

You ,she and I will be in charge of the case. The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Nanjing.

Mr.Zhang asked Li Hua and me to help him. The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox.

方;this 和that 可以当副

②第三人称,男女两性并用,男先女后。④this 在电话用语中作自我介绍,that询问对

He and she still don ’t agree to the plan.词用,意思相当于副词s o。

(3) 几个人称代词的特殊用法。(2)such 和same的用法。

和定语

①we/you( 口语

)常用来泛指一般人。①such 指“这样的”人或事,在句中作主语

②she 可以代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等。Such was the story.

The “Titanic ”was the largest, wasn ’t she? We have never seen such a tall building.

2. 物主代词②same指“同样的”人或事,在句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语,same的

法功能。前面要用定冠词

t he.

各自的语

性物主代词

(1)名词

和形容词

。The same can be said of the other article.

(2)one’s own?=...of one ’s own 句式的转

代替物主代词

(3)某些固定结

构中常用定冠词

的情况。(主语

另一篇文章也是同样

如:take sb. by the arm, be wounded in the leg. Whether he can do it or not,it is all the same to me.

3. 反身代词

都一样。(表语

他是否能做这

我来说

事,对

语的同位语

。6、疑问

代词(who,whom,which,what,whose )

或宾

的语

、主语

(1)反身代词

法功能:宾

语、表语

有,构成固定短语

(2)反身代词

词连

和某些动

、宾语、定语和表语

疑问

代词在句中作主语

enjoy oneself, feel oneself, make oneself at home, make oneself (1)who/what

understood ①询问姓名或关系。——Who is he? ——He is my brother./He is 还可用于某些成语

中。Henry.询问职业或地位。——What is he ?——He is a lawyer/teacher.

(3)反身代词

for oneself为自己或独立地,of oneself 自然地,自动地②What/who 作主语时,谓语动词的数取决于说话人的视点,可单数也可复

by oneself 独自地,in oneself 本身性质,beside oneself 喜怒哀愁至极

数。

This problem gets a chapter to itself.这个问题占了一章(独有)。What is /are on the table?

Just between ourselves , I don ’t think much of him. 私下地说我并不Who is/are in the library?

怎么看重他。(2)which 与who、what

They were discussing about it among themselves. (相互共同)which 表示在一定范围内,而who、what则无此限制。

范文优质

I found two books on the desk.Which is yours? Here are three pens.Which one is yours,this one or that one or the

7. 连接代词和关系代词one in the pencil-box?

连接代词与疑问代词的形式相同,主要有who、whom、whose、what、which ②both 用作定语、宾语、主语和同位语,可以指人或指物,表示“两者都”

以及它们与ever 合成的代词whoever、whomever、whatever 、whichever 等。

的意思。

它们用来引导主语从句,宾语从句和表语从句,即连接复合句中的主句和从句,This maths problem can be worked out in both ways.( 定语)

并在从句中担任一定的句子成分,以连接代词引起的名词性从句前不能再加Both of the boys are here.( 主语)

that. We both are students.( 同位语)

关系代词是用来引导定语从句的代词,它们包括who、whom、whose、which 、注意:both 用于否定句,表示部分否定;表示完全否定时,用neither 。that 等。这两类代词的用法详见“名词性从句”和“定语从句”部分。如:Both of us are not teachers. 我们俩并不都是教师。

8、不定代词Neither of us is a teacher. 我们俩都不是教师。

不定代词主要有:all 、each、every 、both 、either 、neither 、one、none、both 不能放在the 、these 、those 、my等之后,而应放在它们的前面。如:little 、few、many、much、other 、another 、some、any、no 等。还有由some、Both my parents like this film.

any、no 和every 构成合成代词,不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质,并有可数Both the /these boys are tall.

和不可数之分,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语等(every 、③all 用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语,指“全部的”、“整个的”,no 只能作定语)。下面介绍几组主要不定代词的用法与区别。

可与可数或不可数名词连用,除少数情况外,一般不与单数可数名词连用,与

(1)some与any

复数名词连用时,表示“所有的”、“全部的”,指三个或三个以上的人或物。

一般用法:some、any 可与单、复数可数名词及不可数名词连有。some 一He gave me all the money. 他把全部的钱给了我。

般用于肯定句,any 多用于疑问、否定或条件句。All the schools are flooded. 所有的学校都被淹了。

He has some Chinese paintings.( 定语) I told him all about it. 我把一切都告诉了他。

Some like sports,others like music.( 主语) That’s all for today. 今天就在这儿。

Ask me if you have any questions.( 定语) They have all been to Xi ’an.他们都去过西安。

Do you have any questions to ask?( 定语) 注意:all 用于否定句,表示部分否定,完全否定用none。如:

I don ’t know any of the students. (宾语)Not all the ants go out for food.(or:All the ants don ’t go out for

特殊用法:food.) 并不是所有的蚂蚁都出去寻找食物。

①any 用于肯定句表示“任何”的意思。None of the money is mine. 这钱一分也不是我的。

Any child can do that. (定语)(3)many和much

You may take any of them. (宾语)many和much都表示“许多”,但many修饰或代替复数可数名词,much修

②some用于单数可数名词前表示“某一”。饰或代替不可数名词。它们在句中可作主语、宾语、定语。much有时用作状语。

Smith went to some place in England. (定语)(4)few, little; a few, a little

③在期待对方回答yes 时,some用在表示请求或邀请的问句中。few 和little 表示没有多少,含否定意义;而 a few 和a little 表示有

Would you like some bananas? (邀请)一些,有几个,含肯定意义。另外,few、a few 修饰可数名词;little 、a little

Mum,could you give me some money?( 请求)

修饰不可数名词。它们在句中常用作定语、主语和宾语。

④some 用于否定句表示部分否定。(5)no 和none

I don ’t know some of the students. (宾语)no=not any, 表示“没有”,用来修饰可数名词或不可数名词,通常作定语,

some和any 在句中还可作状语,作副词。some意为“大约”相当于“about ”, none 代替不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;代替可数名词作主语时,而any 则表示程度,意为“稍,丝毫”。如:谓语动词可用单数也可用复数形式。none 还可以在句中作宾语。

There are some 300 workers on strike. 注意:none 既可以指人又可以指物,no one 只能指人。

Do you feel any better today? (6)each 和every

(2) One, both, all each(各个),指两个或两个以上的人或物,侧重个体,在句中作主语、宾

①one作定语、表语、主语或宾语,可以指人或物,表示“一个”的意思,语、定语和同位语。every (每个),指三个或三个以上的人或物,侧重整体,

其复数为ones, 指人时,其所有格是one’s,反身代词是oneself.

在句中只能作定语。

One should try one ’s best to serve the people.( 主语、定语) Every student it our class has a dictionary.( 定语,强调班上“所有This is not the one I want.( 表语) 的人”)

one、ones 可以代替上文提到过的名词,以免重复,one、ones 前面分别可Each student in our class has a dictionary. (定语,强调各个个体)

以用this 、that 、these 、those 或the 、which 等词修饰。如:Each of them has been there. (主语)These books are more interesting than those ones. The teacher gave each of the students a new textbook. (宾语)

优质范文

We each got a ticket. (同位语)day.(NMET 1999)

(7)either 和neither A. some B. any C. that D. those

either 是“两者中任何一个”的意思,可修饰或代替单数可数名词,neither 解析:答案为C。本题考查替代词t hat 的用法。that 通常在句中替代同类

,它们可在句在的、特定的但不是同一的事物。本句中that 替代the pleasure 。句意为“在炎

是“两者中没有一个”的意思,可以修饰或代替单数可数名词

一杯冷饮的乐

趣相比”。that 指代单数或不可

的夏天几乎没有任何乐趣能与饮

作主语

、宾

语或定语

。如:热

Here are two pens. You may take either of them.(宾语)数名词,复数用those ,表示特指,以避免重复,在比较句型中较为常用,代替

Neither boy knows French.( 定语)可数名词时可换用the one 。

“也”,用于否定句的句末。He d oesn’like 4. I like in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.

注意:①either 也作副词,其意为

tea, and I don’t either. (状语)②either 与or 构成连词,意为“不是?? A. this B. that C. it D. one

用法及代词。Like 是及物动词,需要宾语。此

就是??”或“要么??要么??”。He is either Japanese or Chinese. ③解析:答案为C。本句考惯

neither 用作副词,意为“也不”,即“not?either ”。He c an’t do it, neither处“it ”指模糊的情形或环境,无具体指代,其余项均不可。又如:I like it

can I. ④neither 可与nor 构成连词,意为“既不??也不”。Neither he nor here (我喜欢这儿)。

you are a student. 5.That ’s an unpleasant thing to say about your father after (8)other 和another, the others 和others he’s done for you.

the other 表示“两者中的另一个”;“the other + 复数可数名词” A. something B. anything C. all D. that

表示“其余(他)的??”;the others 表示“其他的人或物”。“others 解析:答案为C。本题考代词及定语从句。整句意思;在你父亲为你做了所

些词

语在句中可作主

及other + 复数名词

”泛指“其他的(别的)人或物”。这

有一切之后再说你父亲(的坏话)是件令人不愉快的事。

。如: 6.We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made from

宾和定语

He got two books; one is textbook, the other is a novel. some wood we had.

Five of the pencils are red, the others(the other pens)are yellow. A. it B. one C. himself D. another

Some are singing, others are dancing. 解析:答案为B。考代词。全句意为:我们需要为厨房填个橱柜,所以Peter another 修饰或代替单数可数名词,意为“(三个或三个以上的)另一个”,用我们所拥有的木头做了一个。代词o ne 替代上文的名词a cupboard, 非特指的

。指代,正合题意。it应指代上文提到的同一事物,为特指,故不可。C项离题

不能指两者中的另一个,在句中可作宾

语和定语

This coat is too dark. Please show me another.(宾语)意太远,D项指“又”,“再”的意思,亦不可。

Please give me another book. (定语)

语法复习专题四——形容词

和副词

,意为

“再,又”。如:Please give meanother

复数名词

注意:another 修饰

一、考点聚焦

ten minutes. one ?another(a second) ? a third ?the other ?意为“一1、形容词、副词的作用与位置

词后面作

,或放在系动

是用来修饰名词的,常被放在名词前作定语

个??一个??一个??一个”用于三者或三者以上的排列。形容词

some?others ?others ?,意为“一些??一些??一些”。

则用来修饰形容词、动词,其他副词或者句子,一般位于形容词

表语

。而副词

牢记;

解之前,动词之后或句子之首。以下属几种特殊情况,须

二、精典名题

,定语后置。

填空(1)形容词短语作定语

选择

1. The Parkers bought a new house but__________will need a lot of a language difficult to master, a leaning tower about 180 feet high

work before they can move in.(NMET 2001) (2)表语形容词(afraid 、alike 、alone 、asleep 、awake、alive 等)作

A. they

B. it

C. one

D. which 定语,定语后置。如a manalive 。有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well 、faint 、

又可作定语

,ill 如作定语意为“bad”。

然不合,which 多引导从句,从此ill 只作表语。sick 既可作表语

解析:答案为

意可知,they显

B。分析题

由不定代词o ne、no、any、some和every 构成的复

,修饰

空格内容指代前面提到的the new house 。(3)用作定语

为并列句式,one表示泛指,而此处

是物,单

,是人还

数还

是复数,另应注意句式。合词如anything 、something 等时,通常后置。如:

要仔细

区别

代词

的所指范围

2 .If you want to change for a double room you’ll have to I have something important to tell you.

pay_________$ 15. (NMET 2000)(4)else 常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。

A. another

B. other

C. more

D. each (5)enough、nearby 修饰名词前置或后置,程度副词一般位于形容词、副

用于表示数量附加的用法。“another +词前面,enough 修饰形容词、副词

不定代词

时,必须后置。

解析:答案为

考查

A。本题

构(6)几个副词

时,其顺序较灵活,但一般是:方式→地点→时

并列作状语

构通常用来表示在原有数量上的附加。若选C,正确结

”结

数字+ 复数名词

”。掌握another 和more 与数字搭配的位置是此

+ more + 复数名词

是“数词

间。如:

。another 放在数字前,more 放在数字后。NMET 1995 中第25 小题命题W e had a good time together outdoors last Sunday.

如often 、always 、usually 等在be动词后,行为动词前。

一致。(7)频度副词

思路与此题

3. Few pleasures can equal ___________of a cool drink on a hot (8)副词作定语,定语后置。如:

优质范文

The person there is waiting for you.

构成:形容词、副词的原级即本身。

,其语

:限定语(The、A)+ 描绘用法:表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时,用“as + 原级形容

序通常为

作定语

(9)几个并列的形容词

)+ color (颜词/副词+ as ”的结构;表示双方不相等时,用“not so(as) + 原级形容词/ + size (大小)+ shape (形状)+ age (年龄

性形容词

、时

色)+ origin (国籍、来源)+ material (材料)+ purpose (目的)+ 名词。副词+ as ”的结构;表示一方是另一方的若干倍时,用“倍数+ as + 原级形

如:容词/副词+ as ”的结构。如:

a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella, Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu.

the man’s first tow interesting little red French oil paitings This building looks not so (as)high as that one.

性辨析。Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you .

尾的词

(10)以-ly结

而非副词

:lively 、lonely 、lovely 、This room is three times as large as that one.

尾,但却是形容词

①下列单

以-ly结

deadly 、friendly 、ugly 、silly 、likely 、brotherly 、timely 等。(2)比较级和最高级的构成。

②表愿意(无-ly )和引申意( 有-ly) 的副词

掌握比较级和最高级的变化规则,熟记少数不符合规则的特殊形容词和副

deep 深wide宽广high 高low 位置低

词。

deeply 深入地widely 广泛地highly 高度地lowly 地位卑微(3)比较级的用法。

大不相同的副词:①对方比较,表示一方超过另一方时,用“比较级+ than ”的结构表示。如:

③有无-ly 意义

dead 完全,绝对be dead asleep This picture is more beautiful than that one.

②表示一方不及另一方时,用“less + 原级+ than ”的结构表示。如:

deadly 非常be deadly tired

pretty 相当be pretty certain that ?This room is less beautiful than that one.

prettily 漂亮地be prettily dressed

,可在比较级前加表示程度的状语,

③表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时

close 近Don’t sit close. 如even、a lot 、a bit 、a little 、still 、much、far 、yet 、by fay 等修饰。

closely 密切地Watch closely!

如:

He works even harder than before.

late 晚、迟a rrive late, come late 注意:英语的比较级前如无even、still 或yet 等时,译成汉语时可用“较”

lately 最近I haven ’t seen him lately(recently).

或“?一些”或不译出,一般不可有“更”。如:

2、复合形容词的构成She is better than she was yesterday

(1)形容词

+名词+ ed Please come earlier tomorrow.

kind-hearted 好心的,white-haired 白发的另注意:by far 通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时,一般放在比较级的

(2) 形容词+形容词后面,如在前面,应在二者中间加“the ”。如:

red-hot炽热的,dark-blue 深蓝的He is taller by far than his brother.

H e is by far the taller of the two brothers.

在分词

(3)形容词

+现

good-looking 好看的,easy-going 随和的④表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时,用“the + 比较级(主语+谓语),

语)”的结

构(意为

“越??越??”)。如:

+谓

级(主语

(4)副词

在分词

+现

t he + 比较

hard-working 勤劳的,fast-moving 快速转动的The harder he works, the happier he feels.

时,用“比较级+ and + 比较

⑤不与其他事物相比,表示本身程度的改变

(5)副词

+过

去分词

hard-won 得来不易的,newly-made 新建的

级”的结构。如:

T he weather is getting colder and colder.

+形容词

(6)名词

life-long终生的,world-famous 世界闻名的The girl becomes more and more beautiful.

尾的形容词

时,用to 代替than 。这些词有

进行比较

⑥某些以-ior结

(7)名词

+现

在分词

peace-loving爱好和平的,fun-loving爱开玩笑的inferior (劣等的,次的)、superior (较好的,优于??)、junior (资历较

格较

老的)、prior (在??之前)等。

浅的)、senior (资

去分词

+过

(8)名词

snow-covered 白雪覆盖的,hand-made手工的He is superior to Mr.Zhang in chemistry.

从句中为

了避免重复,我们通常用that(those) 、one(ones) 代替+名词

(9)数词

+ ed ⑦在比较

four-storeyed 4层楼的,three-legged 3 条腿的前面出现的名词。that 指物,one 既可指人又可指物。that 可代替可数名词单数数)和不可数名词

,而one 只能代替可数名词。

(名词用单

(10)数词

+名词

ten-year 10 年的,two-man 两人的The book on the table is more interesting than that( 或the one)on the

3、形容词和副词的比较等级d esk.

的构成和用法。 A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.

(1)原级

范文优质

⑧倍数表达法。(A)A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length We might go as far as ( 走到)the church and back.

etc.)of B.这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(高)。The new bui9lding is four As far as I know (就我所知),he has been there before.

times the size(the height)of the old one.这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍(高⑤may (might, could)as well 不妨、不如

三倍)。(B)A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B. Asia Then you might as well stay with us here.

is four times as large as Europe.亚洲比欧洲大三倍。(C)A is three (four, ⑥as ?as can be 到了最??的程度,极其

etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B. Your school is three They are as unreliable as they can be. 他们极其不可信。

times bigger than ours. 你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。用times 表倍数通⑦as ?as one can

常用于三倍以上,两倍可以用twice 或double. He began to run, as fast as he could.

(4) 最高级的用法。⑧as ?as possible

”的结构表Just get them to finish up as quickly as possible.

,用“the + 最高级

①三者或三者以上相比,表示最高程度时

的介词短语

范围

。如:(7) 几组重要的词语辨析。

种句式一般常有表示比较

示。这

Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three. ①very 和much 的区别。(A)可分等级的形容词和副词前使用very 不用He works(the)hardest in his class. much。(B) 表示状态的过去分词前用very 。a very frightened boy, a very tired

②最高级可被序数词

以及much、by far 、nearly 、almost 、by no means、child, a very complicated problem, 一般的情况下,以-ing 、-ed结尾的分

not quite 、not really 、nothing like 等词语所修饰。如:词多用much、very much / greatly 等修饰。如:We were greatly shocked by

This hat is by far / much/ nearly / almost / not nearly / by no means the news about Tom. I was much amused by Jack ’s attitude 。(C) 已转化

/ not quite / nothing like the biggest.为形容词的现在分词前用very 。如:very interesting / worrying / exicting 。

How much did the secon most expensive hat cost? (D)too 前用much或far, 不用very 。You are much / far / a lot too nice.

③表示“最高程度”的形容词,如excellent 、extreme 、perfect 等,没另外,在too many/ much, too few / little 前用far 。There’s far too little

。opportunity for adventue these days.We’ve got far too many eggs and far

,也不能用比较

有最高级

往往too few egg cups. (E)关于原级形容词要记住下列固定的修饰结构:(a)修

、代词时,被修饰

的词

的名词

④形容词最高级修饰

作表语或介词宾语

意义

的形容词,一般不用very, 而用quite completely 、well 、entirely 。

绝对

省略。如:饰

He is the tallest (boy) in his class. 如:quite wrong(mistaken, sure) 、completely dead 、quite impossible 、。如:quite perfect 等。(b)修饰以a- 开头的形容词,多有特殊的修饰词:quite alone,

⑤作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词

Of all the boys he came (the) earliest. very much alone, wide awake, fast asleep, very much afraid 。(c) 修饰一(5) 形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况。些特殊形容词的修饰语有:be well worth, much the same, freezing cold,

前可不加冠词。quite different, terribly cold / frightening 。

①形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词,副词

最高级

,表示“非常”。②so ?that ?与such ?that ?的区别

,不表比较

,或不加冠词

②形容词最高级前有时加不定冠词

/副词+that ?

如:so + 形容词

He is a most clever young policeman.(a most=very) so + 形容词+ a (n)+单数可数名词+ that ?

The film is most interesting.(most=very) so + many / much / little / few + 名词+ that ?

+ that ?

级前加the 。如:such + a(n)+ 形容词

+单数可数名词

③表示两者间“较

??的一个”比较

who is the older of the tow boys? such + 形容词+不可数名词+ that ?

构中。such + 形容词+复数名词

?”结

+ that ?

④在“the + 比较级

?,the + 比较

前有many、much、little 、

⑤在same前一般要加the 。注意:下列结构中只能用so 不可用such, 当名词

。如the poor 、the rich 等。few 等表示“多、少”的词修饰时,如so much progress 、so many people 、

⑥有些形容词前加the 成为名词

。so little food 、so few apples 等。但当little 表示“小”时用such。如:

短语

成的形容词或副词

(6)由as / so组

数量。These are such little boys that they can ’t dress themselves. 下列so

①as much as + 不可数名词

Each stone weighs as much as fifteen tons. 的用法是错误的:so a diffcult problem,so difficult problems, so hot

She could earn as much as ten dollars a week. weather 。

②as many as + 可数名词

数量多达③其他几组词的辨析。(A)ago、before:ago 表示以现在为起点的“以前”;

I have as a many as sixteen referrence books. before 指以过去或将来的某时刻为起点的“以前”。泛指“以前”用before 而

③as early as 早在不用ago。(B)already 、yet 、still:already 表示某事已经发生;yet 表示期

As early as the twelfth century the English began to invade the 待某事发生;still 表示某事还在进行,主要用于肯定句。

island. (C)too 、also 、either:too 和also 用于肯定句,too 多用于口语,also 多)用于书面语,either 用于否定句。(D)good 、well: 与good 不同的是,well 作

④as far as远

到;就??而知(论

优质范文

,表示“身体状况好”,也作副词修饰动词。密切关系,越密切,越靠近名词。按上文所述,wooden表材料,放在最后,white

形容词

词后作表语

,只能在系动

(E)quick 、fast: 作形容词皆表“快”。fast 多指运动的物体,含持续的意思。表颜色,放在little 之后,故选A。

quick 多指一次动作的敏捷、突然,而且持续的时间较短。(F)real 、true: 形容 6. That doesn’t sound very frightening, Paul. I ’ve seen .

存在的而不是幻想的,在句中常作定语;true 指What did you like most about the film?

词表“真的”。real强

。(G)hard 、difficult: 均 A. better B. worse C. best D. worst

与事实

标准和实际情况相符合,在句中作表语或定语

指智力或技能上的困难,解析:答案为B。考查比较级的用法,由句意可知,我还见过比frightening ”,但hard 通常指体力上困难;difficult则

表“困难

。更糟的,故选B。

困难程度大于hard。它们都可作定语和表语

五——介词

和连

专题

二、精典名题

法复习

选择填空一、考点聚焦

1. It is generally believed that teaching is ___________it is a 1、介词的分类与语法功能

science. (NMET 2001)(1)介词是虚词,不能单独作句子成分,必须与名词、代词(或相当于名

A. an art much as

B. much an art as

短语,在句中充当一个成分。介词分

词的其他词类、短语或从句等)构成介词

C. as an art much as

D. as much an art as为:简单介词,如at 、in 、for 等;合成介词,如within 、inside 、onto、througout

点入手。在同级

比较

比较

a s?as 等;短语

介词,如according to 、out of 、because of、by meansof、in spite

的同级

D。本题

解析:答案为

可从考查

形容词

的名词前有不定冠词

时,该冠of 、instead of 等。双重介词,如from behind / above / under 、until after

且其所修饰

句式中,如果as 后面的形容词作定语

+ as ”等。分词介词,如considering 、including 、judging(from / by) 等。

数可数名词

之后,即形成“as + 形容词+ a / an +单

词须置于形容词

的介词

、代词、动名词、从句、不定式等。如:

宾语:名词

角不同,应注意培养发常见

中也有解析,不同的是观察视

道题

结构。这

在名词专题

。①It is going to rain this afternoon according to the weather 散思维

2. It is always difficult being in a foreign country, __________if forecast.

you don ’t speak the language.(NMET 2000) ②He quarrelled with her yesterday.

A. extremely

B. naturally

C. basically

D. ③He succeeded in passing the final exam.

especially ④I ’m still thinking of how I can fulfil the task ahead of time.

,结

义辨析。注意掌握词

⑤The professor will give us a talk on how to study English well.

语的准确含义

解析:答案为

的词

D。本题考查

副词

“基本上”;D (2)介词

短语在句中可作表语

、定语

和宾补等。如:

“自然地”;C项

、状语

行分析。A项

合语

意为

境进

意为

“极端地”;B项

会①This machine is in good condition.( 表语

)

言,在国外你就总

地”。根据句意“如果你不会讲

(它的)语

项“尤其,特别

)困难

②Where is the key to my bike?( 定语

重重”可知答案。

3. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is ③Nothing in the world could live without air or water.( 状语)

______known for his plays.(NMET 1998) ④She always thinks herself above others. (宾补)

A. the best

B. more

C. better

D. the most 2、介词搭配

。要把握句式之间

的联

的比较级和最高级

系,(1)“动词+介词”搭配:注意特定搭配与同一介词与多个动词搭配意义不

解析:答案为

副词

C。本题

考查

有一词组

行分析。根据句意,句中but 后应

境进

藏信息,结

抓住句子的隐

合语

同的情况。

be well known for ?。同时,应注意到前后两个分句把professor White 的短①rob sb. of sth. / clear the road of snow( “夺去、除去”意

的动

用)

与of连

用well 的比较级

篇小说

剧进

和戏

比,故应

行了对

4.I must be getting fat —I can do my trousers up. ②supply us with food / fill the glass with wine (“供给”意义的动

A. fairly

B. hardly

C. nearly

D. seldom词与with连用)

前句解释

,且继续使用了破折号,对

说明。句③make a desk of wood / make bread from flour / make the material 解析:答案为

D。本题考副词

中的“do up ”指“系上、扣上、包扎上”等意,故全句合理的意思是:我几乎into a coat (“制作、制造”意义与of 、from 、into连用)

h ardly 是“几乎不”的意思,正合④介词+ the + 部位与动

词的关系(=动词+ sb. ’s + 部位,可换

用)

胖。B项

子了,(因此)我一定在发

系不上裤

与on连用)

题意。strike him on the head( “击,拍,碰,摸”意义

5. The house smells as if it hasn’t been lived in for years. catch him by the arm( “抓,拉,拿,扯”意义与by连用)

A. little white wooden

B. little wooden white hit the boy in the face (“肚,胸,眼,脸”等人体前部与in连用)

C. white wooden little

D. wooden white little ⑤prevent(stop, keep)sb. from doing sth.( “阻止,禁止”意义与from

同时

作前置定语时,连用)

前置定事的排序。多个词

考名词

解析:答案为

A。本题

(先序后基)+形容⑥persuade(advise, warn)sb. into doing sth. (“说服,建议

”意义性定语+冠/ 指示/ 物主/ 所有格+数词

排列规

律一般是:代词

+被修饰

的名词

,其中数个形容词

名词

同into连用)

或动

+国籍/ 材料/ 用途形容词

或名词

也要看与名词

的⑦buy sb. for sth.(leave 、get 、win、gain 、lose 等“得失”意义

与for

色,有时

现,多用下列顺

+大小+形状+新旧+颜

序:性质

优质范文

连用) in 离开此地去了??

⑧tell sth.to sb.(show 、teach 、sing 、write 、read 等“告知”意义与worthy of值得的,glad about sth. for sb.为某人某事高兴,far from

to连用) 离??远,grateful for sth. to sb.为某事感激某人,free from 没有??(免

⑨give sth. to sb. (give 、allow 、promise 、pass、hand 等“授予”意除??),proud of(take pride in) 自豪,satisfied with (by)满意,sure of

用)/ about 确信,fond of 喜欢,fit for 适合,busy with sth.(in doing sth.)

与to连

结构。忙着干某事,full of 充满,ready for 准备,similar to 相似,wrong with 注意:⑦⑧⑨可换成buy sb.sth. 双宾

⑩say to sb.(suggest 、explain 、apologize 、murmur、whisper 与“对象”

不对;有毛病??

s uggest sb.sth. 。(3)“名词+介词”要注意习惯搭配和意义区分。

连用必须

用to) 不可说

不同。the absence of water 缺水

搭配意义

词与不同介词

同一动

for (寻找)to sth. of( 听说)on( 拜the hope of success 成功的希望

)have a chance of (for) entering college 上大学的机会

访

look to ( 眺望) agree with sb. hear call take pride in them为他们感到骄傲

for( 需要) the key to the question问题的答案

at (看)on sth. from( 收到信) in(请) a medicine for cough 治咳嗽的药

各异。the ticket for tomorrow 明天的票

同一介词

与不同动词搭配,意义

reply to the letter 回信,sing(dance)to the music 和??唱(跳),in Beijing 去了北京

amount to 达到,加起来有??,devote to 把??贡献给,drink to为??his abesence

干杯,object to 反对,look forward to 渴望,come to苏醒,belong to 属from Beijing 不在北京

于,search for 搜??,ask ?for ?寻

找,use ?for 用作,leave for to study 学习方法

,wait for 等待,care for 喜欢,the way

,call of 倡导

前往,take ?for误

以为

make up for 弥补损失,turn to 求助(救)于,help oneself to 随意,agree of studying maths 学习教学的方法

to 同意,compare ?to 把??比作,send for 派人去请(拿)??,sail for 3、核心介词用法归纳与辨析

好??。(1)表示时间的介词i n 的用法如下。

驶向,航向,set out for动

身去,go in for爱

长时间内,如世纪、年、月、季、周等一般用介词

i n ,

“形容词

+介词”搭配。表示在某一较

(2)常见

of 担心??about / at sth. 如:in the 1990s, in the year, in January, in(the) winter / summer afraid angry / fall / spring, in the first week of May 。

for 替??而担心with sb.还可以用时段名词组成固定短语或词组。如:in a while, in no time, in

for sth. 渴望??from 与??不同the daytime, in a short while, in time, in the morning (afternoon, amxious different evening) 。但要注意:

about sth. / sb 担心??to ?不关心??①at night / at noon, in the day( 在白天),in the night (大夜间)。

of讨厌with sb. ②in five days (weeks, months, years )中in 意思是“在??以后”。

tired strict ③in 和during 表一段时间内两词可互用。如:in the night, during the from/ with 因??疲倦in sth. 要求严格night, in the war, during the war 。但略有区别:当接表示“活动”的抽象at 擅长w ith sb. 受??欢迎名词时多用during ,接“活动”的动名词及短语时用in 。如:

good for对??有益popular in some place 流行在??during the discussion in discussing the problem of sb. to do so 友好for ?因??而流行during her stay in Hubei in playing basketball

with + 名词或what 从句during the course of in digging the tunnel pleased (2)在具体的某一天或某天上午、晚上、前夕,常用on。

helpful to对??有帮助on Sunday(s).on Tuesday morning

at + 抽象名词(听/ 看到??而高兴)on Christmas Day( 但at Chrismas),on Christmas Eve, on

to sb.为人所知be familiar with 熟悉Children ’s Day

known for 因??而出名on March 8, on the morning (afternoon, evening)of Oct.1 as 作为??出名be familiar to为??熟知(悉)early on the morning of Oct.1( 区别:in the late / early morning of sorry for ?替??后悔disappointed at sth. 失望Oct.1)

from 缺席on a rainy night, on warm winter days

rich in 富有??absent (3) 表示某一时刻或某一点时间用at, 如小时、分钟等。

优质范文

at breakfast(supper, lunch),at six They will arrive in three days ’time.( 与将来时连用)

at noon (sunrise, sunset, midday, night, midnight, dawn) My brother ’s birthday is in two weeks ’time. (作表语)

at the age of 15, at the time of war, 但in time of danger/ trouble 。I ’ll finish the book within two weeks.(within = in less than ?用词

前不接介词。如:于各种时态,不超出,在??之内)

注意:有些时

next day 、last Sunday 、that morning 、these years (6)地点介词a t 、on、in 、to 、across 、through 、over、under 、below 。

one、each、any、every 、some、all 修饰时,一般不用介词,如some day ①at 在较小的场所,in 在较大的场所,on 在??的平面上。如at the

one day 、yesterday / afternoon,the night before door、at the airport 、at the station 、at 55 Park Street 、in China 、(4)till 、until 、to 的用法。in the north 、in Asia 、on the desk 、on the wall 等。

①till(until) 与持续动词

连用一般用②on、at 、in还可以表示两地相对位置。若A地属于B地,用in;A 地位于

连用一般用于肯定句中,与短暂动词

在否定句中。如:B地的外面且有边缘衔接用on;无边缘的衔接有to。如:He waited for me till twelve o ’clock. Japan lies to the east of China.( 范围之外)

He didn ’t get up till (until) 10 a.m. ( 不可用to). Taiwan lies in the southeast of China. (范围之外)

或强调句型中一般不用till 而用until 。如:Hunan province lies on the west of Hubei province.( 毗邻)但注意:在句首出现

Not until 9 a.m.did Mr.Smith come back to school. The island lies off the coast of China.( 相隔一定距离) 常用和from连

用时

的意义。③地点介词的引申、比喻意义:in the sun 在阳光下,in the dark(ness)

用,但要注意不与from连

②to 表“终

如:from July to September, from six to(till)eight (从??到??为止),在黑暗中,in the dark 不知道,in freezing weather 在严寒天气中,in the

但from morning till night (从早到晚),不能用to 。from ?to 常构成习惯mud在泥中,in the earth 在地下,in the desert 在沙漠中,in a heavy rain 在递

。from time to 大雨中,in the snow / wind 在雪/风中,in public 当众,in trouble 在困境

移的含义

用其他介词

搭配,不可换

。(A)表持久连续

time( 不时,有时),from day to day ( 天天),from hand to hand( 不断传下去) ,中,get into trouble 陷入困境,out of trouble摆脱困难,beyond hope 绝

from place to place (处处,到处),from side to side( 左右摇摆),from door

望。

to door (家家户户),from house to house (挨家挨户),from shop to shop ④across 在物体表面“穿过”;through则表示在三维空间内部“穿过”。

(一个商店接一个商店)。(B) 表起始终止的全过程或程度加深、状态变化。from

如:

beginning to end( 从头到尾,自始至终)(from the beginning to the end They walked across the playground.

of?);from hand to mouth(仅能糊口) ,from bad to worse( 越来越糟),from I walked through the forest.

head to foot( 从头到脚),from top to bottom (整个地,彻底地),from top to ⑤over / under / above / below 。

toe( 全身) ,from start to finish (自始至终,从头到尾)。(C)from one + 名over、above译作“在??之上”;under 、below译作“在??的下面”,

+ to another 表示“依次”。如from one car to another (顺着车厢依次其区别在于over、under 表示一种直接的、垂直的上下关系;而above、below

,表示“一个一个地”,要与from ?to

数名词

地)。(D)名词+ by + 同一单

则表示一般的“高于”或“低于”,不一定是垂直“在上”或“在下”。如:开:one by one 一个一个地;little by little(bit) 一点一点地; A little boat is now under the bridge.

区别

短语

step by step 一步一步地,逐渐地(但by and by 不久以后);sentence by There is a bridge over the river.

sentence 逐句地;day by day 一天一天地;side by side(with ?)( 和??) 并The sun sinks below the horizon( 地平线)

力;hand in hand 手拉手,The window is well above the tree.

肩,一起;shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩地,齐

心协

面。

地;face to face 面对

紧紧

⑥表示地点介词的静态

性和动

,表示方向和目的地)(5)in 、after 、later He walked to the station (静态

间之后,与一般将来时

连用;He walked towards the station.(动态,只表示方向)

为起点一段时

话时

间:表示说

①in + 一段时

。He is kind to (towards)us. (两者通用)

,用于各种时

但表示“在??之内”时

间+ later(later 是副词

):表示某一具体时间或某一方面具体时H e is at the station.( 静态,表示地点)

②一段时

间后。They arrived at the station.(动态,表示地点)

间算起的一段时

;但时间为点He swam away from the ship.(动态“离开”)

去时

③after + 一段时

间表示:“在??之后”,用于一般过

“远离”)

。He stood away from the shop.( 静态

间,用于各种时

时间

时,只能用after, 即after + 点时

The doctor will be with us in six minutes. He fell onto the floor.(动态“到地面”)

She graduated in 1981, and eight years later she became the manager The city is on the Changjiang River.( 静态“平面”)

of the factory. Go off the road. 偏离了道路(动态“离去”)He received her letter after four weeks. Come along the river. 沿着河过来(线)

另外,in + 一段时

间的用法如下:across the fields 跨过田野??,over the desert 跨越沙漠

间+ ’s + time 与within + 一段时

in a week ’s time = in a week across the river 横跨这条河??,over the hill 翻过这座山

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be in the house( 静态,在这里??)stay out of the car( 静态,在??⑤but 与except

外) but 和except 在表示“除了??以外”时可以通用,但应注意以下三点:go into the house(动态,进入)fly out of the country(动态,离开) ①前面有不定人词、疑问代词在意义上对称时,多用but 。

(7)表示方式、手段、工具的介词A ll but one are here.

①by the year/hour/day 按年/ 小时

/天。如He rent a house by the Nobody but I likes making model ships.

year(day,hour).( 按by+the+单位名称) 但to the pound 按磅算,to the ton ②后接不定式短语为排除对象时,多用but 。

。He has nothing to do but wait. (前有do, 后省to )

按吨计

②表泛指的方式、手段③but 与一些固定结构连用。

by post/mail邮寄,by telephone(radio), 但on the phone/on the radio/on have no choice but to do sth. 只得做某事,can not but do sth. 不得TV(电讯器材) ,by electricity 用电,by machinery 用电器,by hard work,learn 不,can not help but do sth. 不得不??,but for ?如不是??

sth.by heart,through the satellite,through practice,through his own (9)between 与among.

efforts,through experience,through the telescop between 通常指两者之间。也可以用于三者以上的两者之间。如:

A nn is between Tom and Bill.

②交通工具类

Switzer land lies between France, Germany, Australia and Italy.

by bus/train/car/taxi(road) They soon finished the work between themselves.( 共同,合作) by bike/bicycle,on horse back/on foot She was busy between cooking, washing, sewing and looking after the by plane/jet/spaceship,by air baby.( 表示接连不断地,一个接一个地忙这忙那)

by ship/boat/lifeboat,by sea/by water A horse can be seen between trees now.

由,取道于,用??方法,among表示三者以上之间。如:

另外:by means of 用??方法,by way of经

with the help (permission)of sb./with sb. ’s help (permis - The story is said to have happened in a village among the hills.

sion) 。He was happy to be among friends again.

④表方式、手段的其他用法We must agree among ourselves.( 一起,共同)我们必须达成共识。

He beat the dog with a whip.(with+ 工具机器) London is among the largest cities.( = one of 与最高级连用) One smells with his nose.(with+ 人体器官,但by hand “手工,用手”)(10)表原因的介词f or 、because of 、due to 。

He stood up with pride.(with+ 情绪、情感、态度的名词)He didn ’t come to the meeting because of his illness.

注意:使用语

言、材料、文字等用in 。如in English(ink,pencil) 。另外The reason for his coming late is that he was ill.

如:in high (good,low)spirits,in anger,in joy,in comfort,in sorrow,in He was praised for his bravery and courage.

safety,in danger,in need,in debt,in love,in fun,in pain,in tears,in The accident is due to your careless driving.

surprise,in good(poor)health,in good order,in flower,in a way,in a low (11) 不定式复合结构中的for 、of 。

voice,in silence,in(with)satisfaction,in a这里所说的不定式复合结构形式指的是for 或of 加上人或事,作动词不定

hurry,in(with)words,live/feed on food,kneel on one’s

的结构。

式逻

knee,take(catch)sb.by surprise( 出其不意) ①It is clever of you to answer it like that.

。②It is quite hard for me to explain why.

比较

(8)表示“除??之外”的几组

常用介绍

形容词能够说明不定式逻辑主语的

①besides 除??以外,(还有)。作副词时意思是“而且,更何况”。注意:两句中的of 和for 的使用,表语

Well all went to the cinema besides Shaw. 除了肖外,我们都去了电影性质、特征与面貌时用of, 如果说明不定式行为本身的性质、状态等则用for 。

院。(12)兼作连词和副词的介词

It was too late to see a film, and besides, I was tired. ①after 、since 、till / still 、before这些词既是介词,又是连词。

②except 除去,除??之外(不再有)。The children went home at once after school.

We all went except John. 我们都去了,约翰没有。They went to bed after they had finished the job.

可兼在否定句中,两词

可以换用,如:②in 、on、along 、down、up、after 、before 、along 、beyond 等介词

He has no other hats except / besides this one.

作副词

明)后接名词

、He ran down the hill. (介词

节校正或附加说

③except for 除了??(对句子主题

或what 从句,此时与except that + 句子意思相同。Can you lift that box down from the shelf for me ?( 副词

)

代词

He was very clever except for carelessness.

可以兼作连词和副词。

③有的介词

④except that ?除了??一点以外。All the students got to school before me.(before为介词)

He has not changed except that he is wearing dark glasses. We do want to buy something now before prices go up.(连词)

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Haven’t I seen you before?(before为副词)Thouth (Although)he was tired,he kept on working.

的省略。注意:though 、although 引导的从句不能与but、however连用,但可以与(13)介词

o n、at 、in 的省略。在next 、last 、yesterday 、tomorrow、yet 、still连用。though还可以与别的词结合使用,如even though 、

①表示时间的介词

each、one、any、every 、all 等词之前,可以省略,也可以不省略。如(at )as though, 而although则不能这样搭配。

last weekend 、(on)that day 等。④no sooner ?than 、hardly ?when、as soon as 三者都表示“一??

,for 要省略。就”,“刚??就”的意思。(A)as soon as 置于主句前后都可以,而且有

短语

②介词

f or 表示时间的省略要求。(A)以all 开头的名词

间的短语之前,for备各种时态。如:As soon as she gets here I ’ll tell her about it. Mary

如:I stayed with her all he morning. (B)表示一段时

可以省略,也可以不省略。如:I have been waiting hereI (for) more than left as soon as the finished the work.(B)hardly ?when、no sooner ?three hours.(C)否定句中,表示时间的短语前的for 不能省略。如:I haven’t than 不能表示将来的事,其主句的谓语动词一般用过去完成时,从句用过去时。

seen you for thirty years.(D)时间状语在主句之前,for 不能省略。如:For 若将hardly 或no sooner 放在句首,句子要倒装。如:No sooner had he arrived

the whole morning,the old man kept reading. than he went away again.

之后的介词

可以省略。⑤某些表示时间的名词(词组)也可用作从属连词。它们是:the moment, 语

③某些动词

Nothing can prevent me(from)doing the job. the minute,the instant, the day, the time, the first (second, third ?) She spent nearly two hours(in)translating it. time, the spring (summer, autumn,winter), every(each, next, any) 构成的固定搭配。time(day),by the time, 都可引导时间状语从句。如:

与介词

(14)某些名词

①要求接to 的名词有:key 、answer、visit 、entrance 、apology 、

His mother died the spring he returned.

introduction 、road 等。Call me up the minute he arrives.

有:interest 、satisfaction 、expert 等。

②要求接in 的名词

二、精典名题导解

He is expert in teaching small children.

选择填空

(15) 几个常用的并列连词。 1. The homeimprovements have taken what little there is _________my

①both ?and, either ?or, neither ?nor spare time.(NMET 2001)

both ?and“双方都”,连接句子的两个主语时,其后谓语动词通常用使 A. from B. in C. of D. at

用复数形式。either ?or 与neither ?nor 注意采取“就近原则”。解析:答案为

考查句子结构中介词o f 的有法。what 引导的从句作

C。本题

语have taken 的宾语,而从句中的基本句型为“there is little of ?”,

②not only ?but also, as well a s谓

象不同,not only ?but also强

调的是but also 之后表示“??有很少”,what 修饰l ittle 提到了从句句首。注意正确把握句子结调对

注意:两者强

用法,要明白of my spare time 和in my spare time 的区别其前面的部分。not only ?but also 采取“就近构和介词

部分,而as well as则

强调

原则

”。如: 2. ____________ production up by 60%, the company has had another ”,而as well as 只是一个插入语

,采取“就远

原则

Mr.Smith, as well as his wife and children, has come to Nanjing for excellent year.(NMET 2000)

a visit. A. As B. For C. With D. Through

not only ?but also结构中的not only 可用于句首,连接两个分句时,解析:答案为C。本题考查w ith 的复合结构作状语的用法。“with + 名词+

/名词/形容词

短语等”可在句中作伴随、时间、原因、条件

/介词

要倒装。不定式/ 分词

第一个从句主谓

Not only is he clever ,but also he is hard working. 等状语。本题中with 的复合结构作伴随状语。

。 3. The changes in the city will cost quite a lot, ___________they (16)几个常用的从属连

的从句的动作与主句will save us money in the long run. (2000 春季高考题

①when、while 、as 都表示“当??时

候”,when引导

的从句则

生;as、while 引导

主句和从句的 A. or B. since C. for D. but

强调

词可同时

的动

发生,也可先后发

发生。如:解析:答案为D。本题考查并列连词or 、for 、but 和从属连词的意义和用

动作同时

When I go to the station, the train had already left. 法。并列连词or 通常表示选择关系;for 表示因果关系;but 表示转折关系;

He sang merrily as he was working. 从属连词since 表示原因。通过比较前后两个分句意思可知,它们是转折关系。

是延续性动4. After she considered the problem, she got a tall box to stand

候止”,肯定句中的谓

②till 、until 均表示“到??时

止性动

主句要________.

作。如:I worked till late at night. 若主句谓

生。如: A. on B. up C. above D. by

用否定形式,意为

动作“到??才??”开始发

She didn ’t get up until her mother came in. 解析:答案为A。不定式“to stand + 介词”作定语修饰a tall box, 其

u ntil 比till 更

,只是在句首时

注意:till 和until 通常情况下可以互换

中被修饰词在逻辑意义上是不及物动词,只有加上吊尾介词,句子意思才完整。

语的影响而缺少,吊尾介词使用的场

合有:

常用。吊尾介词往往由于受到汉

从句中,先行词

被一个不及物动

然??”,although (1)定语

词所修饰,不及物动词后要接介

让步状语

“虽

③though 、although 均引导

从句,意为

动词所修饰

常在句尾。

成的短语

,介词

词+ 介词

较正式,though 最常用。如:词

”组

,先行词

被“动

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He is the man I just spoke to.

③可用 a / the + number +

基数词+ 名词。如: a No.5 bus 一辆五路公

(2)what 、whose 、who 、whatever 等引导的宾语从句,宾语从句出现吊尾介 共汽车, the No.8 bus 那辆8 路公共汽车。

。 2、倍数的表达方式

I can ’t imagine what it is like.

一般情况下我们用以下三种倍数表达方式:

(3)强调句型,特殊疑问句中由于被强调部分和疑问词位置变更,常出现(1)倍数用在 as + 形容词/ 副词(原级) + as 结构之前。如: 吊尾介词。

They have three times as many cows as we do. It was the poor boy that we gave the books to. (2)倍数放在形容词或副词的比较级之前或

by + 倍数用在比较级之后。

What for? Where to? Who with?

如:

(4) 不及物动词的不定式修饰表“涉及对象、场合、工具、方式、材料”等 This rope is four times longer than that one.

意义的名词时常带吊尾介词。

They produced more products in 2001 than those in 2000 by twice.

a room to live in, a bench to sit on (3)倍数用在表示度量名词前, 其基本结构为: 倍数 + the + size / length There is nothing to worry about. / weight ? + of +

表示比较对象的名词

,也可用于倍数 + what 引导的从句

She is a good girl to work with.

中。如:

(5) 某些形容词后接不定式或“动词 + 介词”型短语,动词的不定式形式 This room is three times the size of that one.

表“反射”,常用吊尾介词。

The college is twice what it was 5 years age.

① fit 、easy 、 hard 、comfortable 、 difficult 、heavy 等形容词后。

You can ’t imagine that rats eat 40 to 50 times their weight. ② The river is good to swim in. 3、大约数的表示方法

The box is too heavy to carry.

(1)用 ten 、dozen 、score 、 hundred 、thousand 、million 等数词的复数

③ be worth doing sth.,be worthy of being done / to be done, want/ 后加 of 短语来表示几十、几百、上千、成千上万等大约数概念。如:

require / need doing The little boy buys dozens of pencils every term. 5.Roses need special care they can live through winter. Thousands of people died in the earthquake. A. because

B. so that

C. even if

D. as

Every year tens

of thousands of

people go to

work in Guangdong

解析:答案为B 。本题考状语从句。全句意为:玫瑰花需要特殊关心,以便 Province.

过冬(为了安全度过冬天) 。其余选项不合逻

辑。 (2)用、 less than 、under 、 below 、 almost 、 nearly 、up to 等来表示

6. you call me to say you

’re not coming, I ’ll see you at

小于或接近某数目。如:

the theatre.

He is good at English, so he can finish the paper in less than two

A. Though

B. Whether

C. Until

D. Unless

hours.

解析:答案为D 。本题考状事从句,全句意为:我将在剧院门口等你,除非 (3)用 more than 、over 、above 、 beyond 、 or more 等来表示超过或多于

你打电话说你不来了。 D 项表条件,符合句意。 A 项表让步,意为尽管; B 项表

某个数目。如:

让步, 意为“不管? ? (还是? ? ) ;”C 项表时间,意为“直道? ? (才? ? ) ”, Peking University has a history of more than 100 years.

均不和逻辑

。 (4)用 or 、or so 、about 、around 、some 、 more or less 等表示在某一

7.Several weeks had gone by I realized the painting was

数目左右。如:

missing.

About 50 people were present at that time.

A. as

B. before

C. since

D. when

(5)用 to 、from ? to ? 、between ? and 表示介于两数词。如:

解析:答案为B 。本题考查连词的用法。时间 had passed(gone)by before His salary rises from 20 dollars a week to 35 dollars a week.

S + did ? 在不知不觉中过? ? (已过去了) 。 (6)注意事项: dozen 、score 、hundred 、thousand 、million 作数词表示

语法复习专题六— — 数词确切数量时,不用复数。如:

three score, five dozen, seven million

等。

一、考点聚焦 4、分数的表达方式

1、序号表示法

(1)分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于

1时,分母用复数。如:

( 1)单纯的序号,可在基数词前加

number,简写为N o.。如: No.1 第一号

one-third 三分之一, three-sevenths

七分之三。

( 2)事物名词的序号表达法有什所不同:

(2)分子与分母之间加

in, 分子在前,分母在后,分子分母都用基数词。

①对于一些小序号可有序数词也可用基数词表达,形式分别为

: the +

如: one in ten 十分之一, five in eight 八分之五。

序数词+ 名词;名词+ 基数词。如:第一次世界大战可以表示为t he First (3)分子与分母之间加

out of ,

分子在前,分母在后,分子分母都用基

World War 或 World War One 。

数词。如: one out of ten

十分之一, five out of eight

八分之五。

②对于一些大序号我们通常只用一种表达法,即名词+ 数词。如: 501 号 5、百分数的表示法

房间表示为R oom 501, 538 路公共汽车表示为B us 538。

( 1)表示百分数直接将数词放在单词

percent 前面即可,如: twenty

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