高中英语之特殊句式教案
特殊句式
一、倒装
“主语+谓语”是英语句子的最基本结
构。如果把谓语放在主语之前，该句就
成倒装结构。
1、完全倒装：谓语动词完全放在主语之前的句
子，便
(1) 在there be结构中
There stands an old tree on the top of the
hill.
(2)在表示方位或时间的副词或介词短语，如：
here, there, now, then ,up , down ,in,
out, away, off, in the room,
on the wall等置于句首，且以名词作主语的句子
Here comes the bus.
Away flew the birds.
Out went the children. Now
comes your turn. 现在轮到你了。
【注意】主语是代词就不用倒装，即主谓语序
不变。Away ran the thief. Away he ran.
2、部分倒装
只把谓语的一部分（多为助动词或情态动词）
置于主语之前的句子，叫部分倒装句。
(1) 否定词（hardly, seldom, never, rarely，
in no way, under no circumstances, by no
means, not only，，，but also, not until…）
(2) 表示否定或者半否定意义的副词，介词短
语，连词等置于句首。否定副词never, nor,not, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely, rarely及表否定意义的介
词短语at no time, under/in no circumstances,
in no case, by no means, on no condition
等置于句首时要倒装，不在句首则用正常语序。Never have I seen such a performance.
Hardly do I think possible to finish the job before dark.
= I hardly think it possible to finish the
job before dark.
练一练
1. Never in my wildest dreams ____B___ these people are living in such poor conditions.
A. I could imagine
B. could I imagine
C. I couldn’t imagine
D. couldn’t
I imagine
2. Only then ___D____ how much damage had been caused.
A. she realized
B. she had realized
C.
had she realized D. did she realize
(3) so放在句首，So + adj. /adv…that，
意为“如此……以至于……”后接表语或状
语，再跟that从句，so后面的主句要倒装，而
that引导的从句不倒装。
So loudly did he speak that even people in
the next room could hear him.
So easy is that a boy can learn in. 如
此容易，以至一个孩子都能学会。
练一练
So difficult_____B__it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for
advice.
A. I did find
B. did I find
C. I have found
D. have I found
_______B_____that Marci was able to set up new branches elsewhere.
A. So successful her business was
B. So successful was her business
C. So her business was successful
D. So was her successful business
（4）①so +be／助动词／情态动词+主语，意
为“……也”
That man is a doctor, so is his wife. He likes pop music very much, so do I .
此句型也可写成“it is the same with…”，或“so it is with…”。
They love having lots of friends, “it is the same with me./so it is with me.”
so开始的简短反应如果是对别人说的情况加
以肯定，对前面内容的肯定或附和，句子不可使用倒装。
试比较：A： I was afraid. A: I was afraid.
B: So was I. B: So you were.
② neither/nor + be/助动词／情态动词+主语，意为“……也不这样”。
I’ve never been abroad. Neither has she. The boy can’t swim and neither / nor can the girl.
此句型也可写成“it is the same with…”，或“so it is with…”。
Lily can’t ride, it is the same with Lucy/ so it is with Lucy 练一练
1. —It’s burning hot today, isn’t it
— Yes, ____A___ yesterday.
A.So was it
B. So it was
C. So
it is D. So is it
2.— My room gets very cold at night. — _____C_______
A. So is mine
B. So mine is
C. So does mine
D. So mine does
(5) only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且
放在句首时要倒装。
Only then did I understand why she did so. Only in this way can you study English well. Only when the war was over in 1880 was he able to continue this work.
使用特点：
① 在部分倒装句中，如果谓语部分无助动词，
则需找助动词来“帮助”它构成倒装句。
Only after the war he learned the sad news. (X)
________________________________________
________________________________________
___
② only修饰状语从句时，从句不可倒装，主句
要部分倒装。
Only when he returned did we find out the truth.
③ only修饰主语时，句子不可倒装.
Only mother can understand me.
. ______B______snacks and drinks, but
they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest.
A. Not only they brought
B. Not only did they bring
C. Not only brought they
D. Not only they did bring
对名词（或中心词是名词）感叹时，用what引导；对形容词或副词感叹时，用how引导。(6) as，though引导让步状语从句时采用形式
倒装的情况
①表语的倒装: Young as/ though he is, he knows some of the family secrets.
Strange
as/though it seems, it is true.
②谓语动词的倒装 Try as I might,I couldn’t lift the stone.
Search as they would here and there, they could find nothing in the room.
③状语的倒装， Much as he likes the bike,he doesn’t want to buy it.
Hard as I studied, I could not catch up with them.
如果是单数名词或形容词的最高级作表语，不
再用冠词
Child as he is, he can carry the big box. Youngest as he is in our class, he speaks English best.
练一练
_____A_______,Tom couldn’t make the door open.
A. Try as she might
B. As she might try
C. she might as try
D. might she as try
二、强调
It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子剩余成分
所强调的可以是单词、短语，也可以是从句，但结构必须完整。被强调的成分可以是主语、宾语或状语等，但不能是定语或谓语
We called on Prof. Wang at his office this morning. 今早我们到王教授的办公室拜访了他。
---- It was we who/ that called on Prof. Wang at his office this morning.
----It was Prof. Wang who/ that we called on at his office this morning.
(1) 这种强调句的一般疑问句只需把is ( was)提前，即：Is/Was it +被强调部分+that/who +句子剩余成分。
Was it your brother who works in that company
(2) 特殊疑问句的强调句型只需在一般疑问句
前加上特殊疑问词，即：特殊疑问词+
is/was + it + that +句子剩余成分.
Who was it that wrote these famous plays Where was it that you picked up the wallet 1. It was along the Mississippi River
___C___ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.
A. how
B. which
C. that
D. where
2. Where did you get to know her
—It was on the farm ___D___ we worked.
A. that
B. there
C. which
D. where
not…until…句型的强调句
其强调句式为：It is/was not until +被强调部分+ that +其他成分。此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是强调句型，till，until
可通用；
He didn’t go to bed until ten o’clock. →It was not until ten o’clock that he went to bed.
I didn’t realized she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses. →
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that realized she was a famous film star．
________________________________________ _______________________________
强调句型中的it与作形式主语的it可根据能否恢复原句来判断，即把It is/was和that去掉，如果剩下的成分仍然能构成一个完整的句子，这就是强调句型，否则就不是。
It is there that we met each other.
It is clear that not all boys like football.【注意】强调句型与It is/was +时间+
when/before从句的区别
在“It is/was +时间+ when/before从句”中，it指时间，when/before引导的是时间状语从句。注意两种句型“时间”表达方式的不同。It was at midnight that I got back home yesterday.
It was midnight when/betore I go back home yesterday.强调句型，被强调的是时间状语，因此用介词
短语表达；一般句型，时间以名词的方式表达，
用来作表语。
练一练
It was _____D____ he came back from Africa
that year _______ he met the girl he would
like to marry.
A. when; then
B. not; until
C. not
until; that D. only; when
【注意】It is/was…that/who…结构不能强
调谓语。如果需要强调谓语，用助动词do，did
或does。
I do hope you’ll stay to lunch.
Do come here tomorrow.
He did attend the meeting.
I ____A___ hope that every one of us will
be successful in our studies.
A. do
B. did
C. does
D. doing
I’ve been studying the science of outer
space for the last ten years and now I
still___A__.
A. am
B. do
C. be
D. have
三、反意疑问句
主要考查主从复合句和并列句的反意疑问句
1、陈述部分含有must的反意疑问句
(1) 当must作“必须”讲时，其反意疑问部分
用needn’t；当含有mustn’t（不允许、禁止）
时，其反意疑问部分用must/may。
You must go home right now, needn’t you 你
必须得现在回家，对吗
You mustn’t walk o n grass，must you 你不能践踏草地，不是吗
(2)当must/may( might)表示推测，即must作“一定，准是”讲，分2种情况：
(3)对现在的推测：看must后面的动词
(2)对过去的推测：存在于 must have+ 过去分词时，有以下两种情况：
① 有过去时间状语，如last night, yesterday 等，反问部分的谓语动词为didn’t + 主语
②没有具体得而过去时间状语。反问部分用haven’t/ hasn’t + 主语。
You must/may (might) be tired
now,___aren’t you______
You must have seen the film, __haven’t you_______
He must have met her yesterday, __didn’t you_____
2、陈述部分谓语动词为ought to/used to的反意疑问句
其反意疑问部分可采取两种形式；
He used to live in China, usedn’t /didn’t he
She ought to know about it,
oughtn’t/shouldn’t she
3、陈述部分含有否定词或半否定词的反意疑问句
当陈述部分带有no, no one, neither, nor, none of, seldom，hardly，scarcely，never，few，little，nothing，nobody 等否定词或半否定词时，反意疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。You have never been to Beijing, have you Nothing is wrong with your TV set, is it 【注意】如果陈述部分含有由表示“否定”意义的前缀构成的词，其反意疑问部分一般用否定式。
He was unsuccessful, wasn’t he
She looked unhappy, didn’t she
4、陈述部分含有宾语从句的反意疑问句
(1) 当陈述部分带有宾语从句时，反意疑问部分的主语与谓语常和主句保持一致
He said that he would come to my birthday party, didn’t he
(2) 陈述部分的主句谓语动词是
think,believe,suppose,guess,
expect,imagine，且主句主语为第一人称时，反意疑问部分的主语和谓语与宾语从句的主语和谓语保持一致；但动词不是一般现在时或一般过去时，疑问部分和主句的主语和谓语一致。陈述部分的主句主语为第二、三人称时，后面的疑问部分与主句的主语、谓语一致。
I think the question is difficult, isn’t it
I don’t think he can finish the work, can he
We had never thought that it was going to be so difficult, hadn’t we
You don’t think I am wrong, do you
Nancy doesn’t believe that it is a good idea to buy the bigger computer, does she 5、祈使句的反意疑问句
祈使句后的附加问句不表示反意，而表示一种语气。其结构为：
(1) 否定祈使句，+will you
(2) 肯定祈使句，+ wil l/won’t you
(3) Let’s… , +shall we Let us… , + will/won’t you
(4) Let +第三人称…，+will you Open the door , will/won’t you Let’s go out for a walk, shall we Let us go home now, will/won’t you 6、回答反意疑问句时应遵循的原则
不管是陈述部分为否定，还是附加问句为否定，回答时只看所提到的事情是否已／会发生。如果发生了，用肯定回答，否用否定回答。如当对方问你You aren’t a teacher，are you 或You are a teacher ，arent you 时，你只要听懂you 和teacher 两个单词即可，如果你是老师，回答Yes ，I am.否则，回答No ，I am not ． 要么肯定到底，要么否定到底，不要出现类似于Yes ，I don’t 或No ，I do.的形式。 体验高考：
must be helping the old man to water the flowers,____B_____
A. is he
B. isn’t he
C. must be
D. mustn’t he 2. Sally’s never seen a play in the Shanghai Grand Theater, __ B______
A. hasn’t she
B. has she
C. isn’t she
D. is she
3. It’s the first time that he has been to Australia, ___C____
A. isn’t he
B. hasn’t he
C. isn’t it
D. hasn’t it
四、省略
一、定语从句中的省略现象
定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that ，which ，whom 常可以省略。
That is the naughty boy (whom/ that) we talked last week. 二、状语从句中的省略现象
1．当状语①从句的主语和主句的主语一致，②且从句中含be 动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be 动词，
He won’t come unless (he is) invited. I learned much of mechanics while (I was) at school. 机械
2. 如果状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，谓语动词部分没有be 动词时，如果从句的谓语可以用动词不定式、现在分词或过去分词代替，则可以省略主语，如：
After she sang, she left the ri ch man’s house.
—After singing, she left the rich man’s house.
3. 如果状语从句的主语和谓语部分是 it is/ was 时，it is / was 可以省略，此时构成“连词(if ，unless ，when ，whenever 等)+形容词”作状语。如：
When ( it is ) necessary you can help us to do something.
另外，我们还可以用so 或not 代替上文内容，此时可有“if +so/not”省略句式。
Get up early tomorrow. If not ( lf you don’t get up early) , you will miss the first bus.
He may not be at home then. If so ( If he is not at home) ,leave him a note.
【注意】当从句的主语和主句的宾语一致时，间或也有这样的省略。
Her father told her to be careful when ( she was) crossing the street.
这时从句中可出现如下结构：
(1) 连词( as，as if，once) +名词
Once( he was) a teacher, he now works in a government office.
(2) 连词（though，whether，when）+形容词Work hard when(you are) young, or you’ll regret.
(3) 连词(whether，as if，while) +介词短语He looked everywhere as if( he was)in search of something.
(4) 连词( when，while，though) +现在分词When (I am) in trouble, I always turn to her for help.
(5) 连词（when，if，even if，unless, once, than,as）+过去分词
The exhibition is more interesting than( it was) expected.
(6) 连词（as if，as though）+不定式
He opened his lips as if( he were) to speak.
三、不定式的省略
1．单独使用不定式符号to，代替动词不定式后被省略的部分，常用在be afraid, expect, forget,hope, intend,like,love,
mean,prefer, refuse , seem,try,want,wish 等后边。
He invited me to have dinner with him, but I didn’t want to (have dinner with him).2．如果不定式中含有be，have，have been，通常保留be，have和have been。如：
-Are you a sailor -He hasn’t finished yet.
-No, but I used to be. -Well, he ought to have.
3．不定式充当宾语补足语在see, hear, feel, watch, make, have 等感官动词和使役动词后，省略to，但在被动语态中须把to补上。例如; We saw the car stop. The car was seen to stop.
4．否定形式的省略用not to.
-Shall I go instead of him
-I prefer you not to .
5．不定式符号to用在have，need，ought，be going，used等后面
I didn’t want to go there, but I had to.
6. 不定式符号to用在某些形容词，如
glad,happy,pleased,delighted等后面。
-Will you join in the game
-l’d be glad to .
7. 当but意为“除去，除开”，做介词时，前有动词do，其后to多省略；前是其他动词，其后则保留。
Tom had nothing to do but have a rest.五、祈使句和感叹句
一、祈使句
1．否定式和强调式
Don’t open the door.
Never say that again.
Please don’t forget to take your medicine. Do tell him when you see him.
2．带主语的祈使句
(1) 为了加强语气或要特别指明向谁提出命令或要求时，需加主语“you”，有时还可同时加称呼语。
Tom, you water the flowers.
(2) 命令／吩咐几个人分头做几件事情时，祈使句需带主语“you”，还可同时带称呼。You, girls, clean the desks; you,boys, sweep the floor.
(3) 在表达“不高兴，厌烦”，等情绪时，可带主语“you”。
You mind your own business!
否定式为，要把don’t 放在主语you 之前，如：Don’t you do that again.
(4) 祈使句的主语除了用“you”外，还可用“everybody，everyone，somebody，someone”等，它们可以放在句末。
Be quiet，everyone ！
3．祈使句+and +陈述句句=if…….+主句
Work hard and you will succeed= lf you work hard, you will succeed.
二、感叹句
1．基本构成形式
(1) What( +a/an) +形容词+名词+主语+谓语！ What a beautiful picture it is!
(2) How +形容词+ a/an +单数可数名词+主语+谓语！
How wonderful a plan you have made! = What a wonderful plan you have made!【注意】在复数可数名词和不可数名词之前不可用“ how+ 形容词”构成感叹句，而只能用what。(正) What great changes we have had these
years!
（误）How great changes we have had these
years!
(正) What good news it is!
（误）How good news it is!
(3) How +形容词／副词+主语+谓语！
How kind the girl is!
How fluently she speaks English! 2．省略形式的感叹句
3．(1) how直接修饰谓语动词：How +主语+
谓语！
How the wind blows! 风真大啊！
(2) 省略主语和谓语 How interesting
(it is)!
What a clever boy
(he is)!
练一练：
1. ____D____ role she played in the film!
No wonder she has won an Oscar. )
A. How interesting
B. How an
interesting C. What interesting D. What an interesting
2. Mary, ___D____ here——everybody else,
stay where you are.
A. come
B. comes
C. to come
D. coming
一、特殊句式试题演练
1..(2016河北保定二模）Professor Salovery,
who invented the term EQ, gives the
following description:At work,it is the EQ
that
gets you promoted.
2. (2016天津.13改编）You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel that the coach picks up tourists.
3. (2015安徽合肥名校联考）It was not the word you said that angered ,but how you said it.
4.（2015天津3）Only when Lily walked into the office did she realize
(realize)that she has left the contract at home.
5. (2014陕西17）No sooner had Mo Yan steeped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.
6. (2017江西师范大学附中模拟）Wasn’t it the icy road rather than the drivers that was to blame for the series of traffic accidents
7. (2017湖南五市十校联测）You should be fully prepared before going walking in the all, bring (bring)plenty of drinking water with you.
8. (2016江苏）Not until recently __did____ they encourage the development of
tourist-related activities in the rural areas.
9. (2015北京31）If (you are )accepted (accept）for the job，you’ll be informed soon.
10. (2016北京24） Observe （observe）carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab.11 .(2016重庆10）—I spent two weeks in London last summer.
—Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay, didn’t you 12.(2016·天津卷) Give me a chance,
surprise.
13. (2017四川宜宾二诊）“Only two centimeters higher, and you will break the world record,” encouraged the coach.
14. (2016山东部分重点中学联考）Yes, of course they celebrate Christmas here, and there are obviously displays in shops and Christmas markets, but there seem to be no signs of Christmas averts.
15. (2017江西南昌三中检测）—Where did you have the discussion with Professor Snow —It was in the classroom where we had a biology lesson that we had the discussion.
16. (2017安徽江南十校联考）With so many good friends together with you,you must have been happy during the past National Golden Week, weren’t you
二、强化训练
1.短文改错This morning,when I was walking on the streets,I saw that two travelers were reading a map,looked puzzled. It seemed that they were went up and asked what I could help told me they are looking for the Temple of led them to nearest bus stop and advised them to take them to take Bus ,who
could take them there were appreciated my help after that,the bus came and waved goodbye each was seeing them on the bus that I felt a kind of satisfaction. 1.streets 改为street 2.Looked 改为looking 3.What 改为how/if/whether 4.Are 改为were 5.Nearest 前加the 6.Who 改为which
7.去掉appreciated 前的were 8.Short 改为shortly 9.goodbye 后加to 10.This 改为It
2.语法填空A rich land owner decided to leave possessions to one of his two he lay on the deathbed,he called the two young men to him before the break of dawn and even before the cock could crow. He then said ，“I will leave all my earth to one who
can best fill this was in this room I made plans on how to build up my an inch must
(leave) I am getting (weak) by the hour you both must come back by
midnight”.He handed them a small piece of silver and an empty bag to put their (purchase) both went out and
(hurry)came back with their purchases. (bring)the straw,the elder began to spread it around the floor, far from filling the did not even cover half the space.
“This is no use,son.”said the father, “and let me see how your brother fills the room.”The younger son took His bag a large candle,set it on the the table in the center of the room and lit brilliant bright light filled up the whole father was (delight)and exclaimed, “son, I am sure you will use the wealth well. left brought
高中英语---特殊句式全面讲解及练习
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高中英语语法最重要知识汇总
按：本套资料省去了名词、代词、形容词等部分，保留了最最核心的句型和动词。希望能有所帮助。 第一章名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 一．主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如： a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。 - b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.我对你成功与否不感兴趣。 c) It is in the morning that the murder took place.谋杀案是在早上发生的。（强调句型） d) It is John that broke the window.是John打碎的窗户。（强调句型） 2. 用it作形式主语的结构 (1) It is ＋名词＋从句 It is a fact that …; It is an honor that…; It is common knowledge that… (2) It is ＋形容词＋从句 It is natural that…It is strange that… . (3) It is ＋不及物动词＋从句 It seems that…It happened that…It appears that… (4) It ＋过去分词＋从句 It is reported that…It has been proved that…It is said that… 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况： （1）if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 （2）It is said /reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. ( 错误表达：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. （3）It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. 错误表达：That he failed in the examination occurred to him. （4）It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. 错误表达：Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. （5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如： ； 正确表达：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening 错误表达：Is that will rain in the evening likely 4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则不然。例如：
(完整word版)高中英语特殊句式集锦
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(完整word版)高中英语特殊句式练习题
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广东省中山市重点高中高考英语语法专题演练特殊句式07
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最常见到的四种特殊句式：全部倒装、部分倒装、省略句和反意疑问句。 1 全部倒装 1. There be句型：可以用在这类句型中的动词除be外，还可用live，exist，remain，stand等作谓语。例如： (1) There are many students in the classroom. (2) Long long ago, there lived a king who loved horses very much. 2. 用于“here（there，now，then）+不及物动词+主语”的句型中，或以out，in，up，down，away等副词开头的句子里，以表示强调。例如： Here comes the bus. Out went the children. 3. 由then引起，谓语为come，follow的句子。例如： (1) Then came a new difficulty. (2) Then followed eight years of the Anti-Japanese War. 4. 当句首状语为表示地点的介词短语时，也常常引起全部倒装。例如： In the middle of our school stands a high building. 5. 表语放在句首时，倒装结构为“表语+系动词+主语”。表语常为形容词、过去分词和介词短语。例如： (1) Gone are the days when they would do what they liked. (2) Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests. 2 部分倒装 1. only+副词/介词短语/状语从句置于句首。 例如：Only then did I realize the importance of English. 注意：①在only+状语从句+主句结构中，主句用倒装结构但从句用正常语序。 Only when you have finished your homework（从句用正常语序）can you go to the cinema. ②only修饰主语，不倒装。Only Tom knows how to deal with the tough situation. 2. 否定词(短语)开头的句子： 表示否定意义的副词never，nor，neither；xk;w
高中英语语法大全(新版)
英语语法大全 第一部分：词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is, are, have, see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。 如：I‘m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名 词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如： He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接 宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了 一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾 语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如：He works hard .(他工作努力) 7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如：They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁)/ He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课)/ The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语) ☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如：Where is your classmate Tom ?(你的同学汤姆在哪里？) 3、构词法：英语构词法主要有：合成法、派生法和转换法。 1、合成法：如：spaceship, headache, basketball, playground等等。 2、派生法： (1)派生名词：①动词+er/or②动词+ing③动词+(t)ion④形容词+ness⑤其他,如： inventor, learner, swimming, congratulation, kindness, carelessness, knowledge (2)派生形容词：①名词+y②名词+ful③动词+ing/ed④friendly⑤dangerous⑥ Chinese; Japanese⑦English⑧French⑨German⑩国名+(i)an如：snowy, sunny, hopeful, beautiful, interesting, follwing, daily(每日的),nervous, delicious (3)派生副词：①形容词+ly ②其它,如：slowly, angrily, full→fully, good→well, possible
(完整版)高考英语特殊句式经典讲解
英语特殊句式 1.强调句：It be…连接词that/who其它 1.去掉句型词后，仍完整。 2.可以强调，主语，宾语，状语。 3.强调状语时，常含有介词，连接词用that. 4.强调部分含有定语从句。 5.与not… until时间状语综合，not和until在强调句中紧挨着。 6.强调句的特殊疑问形式为；疑问词…be.. it..that.. ，语序问题考查 7.强调句的特殊疑问形式，若在宾语从句中，疑问词…it..be…that 8.强调结构的省略形式，即被强调部分后的省略。 9.do（does, did，）用在动词原形前意为务必，确实。(只能用于一般式的肯定 句) （1）They couldn’t say ___it was _____troubled them. A. what; that B. what, what C. that what D. what who （2）It is not who is right but what is right _____ is of importance. A. which B.it C. that D .this （3）It was in China ____Tom first met Mr. Lin. A. that B. How C. which D. where （4）It was ____back home after the experiment . A. not until midnight did he go B. until midnight that he didn’t go C. not until midnight that he went D. until midnight when he didn’t go （5）---Where did you get to know her ? ---It was on the farm _____we worked . A. that B. there C. which D .where 2.倒装 1.与之相对的是陈述；若使用倒装，在句子中会出现某些迹象 2.种类:完全倒装，（谓语提前）；部分倒装（助词提前）。 3. 完全倒装： （1）表示地点的介词短语在句首时；（谓语为Vi sit ,live , stand , come , run ）（2）副词in , out, up, down, away, off 在句首时，（若主语是人称代词时，不倒装）。 （3）There be句型，要完全倒装。（Be动词可换为live , stand, lie, seem, happen, come, Appear, remain ) 4.部分倒装 （1）否定词在句首时，（后面部分不能再出现否定词）常见否定词如下：never , seldom, little, hardly, scarcely, barely, by no means, under no circumstance （2）以only +副词（介词短语，从句：正常语序。）在句首时； (3)so/such….that句型中，若so/such提到句首时，该部分倒装；（但that部分不倒装）。 (4).虚拟条件句中，省略if，提前were ,had, should.
高中英语特殊句式集锦
特殊句式集锦 1.It(all)depends:视情况而定 2.It ’suptosb(todosth):由某人决定（做某事） ——Shallwegototheartexhibition? ——It ’suptoyou. 3.It ’stime ? ??++v) should （that sth do to 用过去时或从句 4.Itisnouse/good/point/sense(in)doingsth.做某事没有用处/益处/意义/意思 Itisnopointarguingwithhimaboutit.和他争论这事5. ?? ? 6. ???++++“： before t It wasn'“： before be t It won'不久以后就从句一段时间从句一段时间 It won’tbebongbeforeyourealizetheimportanceof learningEnglishwell. 7.Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since 从句（过去时） 自从……以来有多久了 ItisyearssinceIenjoyedmyselfsomuch.我有好多年都没有玩得这么开心了。 8.Itis/was+被强调成分+that:强调句型 ItwasatmidnightthatIgotbackhomeyesterday.昨天午夜我回到了家里。 9.Itis/was+时间+when 从句。it 指时间，作主语。 ItwasmidnightwhenIgotbackhomeyesterday.当我昨天回到家里时，已经是午夜了。 10.It+特殊动词+that 从句 （1）Ithappenedthat ……碰巧…… IthappenedthatIsawhimatthemeeting.碰巧我在会 ”??，
高中英语语法讲义——特殊句式
高中英语语法讲义————特殊句式 倒装句 通常句式为自然语序“主语+谓语”，有时为了强调句子的某一部分，或者出于词汇用法、语法结构或修辞上的需要，将这种比较固定的语序加以颠倒，就形成了倒装。分为完全倒装，部分倒装和形式倒装。 一.完全倒装：谓语动词完全置于主语之前，主语为名词不为代词，谓语不用进行时。 1.一些表示地点、时间或方位等的副词或介词短语。如：here, there, now, then, up, down ,in, out, away, off, in the room, on the wall等置于句首。 Down came the rain and up went the umbrella. Then followed three days of heavy rain. Out rushed the children laughing loudly. Away flew the plane. 2.such 位于句首。 Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th century’s greatest sci entist. 注：此句型中的such多被认为是表语，所以such后的be动词应与其后真正的主语保持一致。 Such are the facts; no one can deny them. 二．部分倒装：只把谓语的一部分（助动词，情态动词或be动词）置于主语之前 1.so+ be 动词/ 助动词/ 情态动词+主语，意为“...也是如此”。 They love making lots of friends; so do I. 2.neither/nor+ be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语，意为“...也不这样”。 Lily can’t ride a bicycle; neither/nor can Lucy. 3.否定词never, seldom, nor, not, little, hardly, scarcely等或表示否定意义的介词短语at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, by no means, on no condition 等置于句首时。 Not a single mistake did he make. =He di dn’t make a single mistake. 4.only 修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。 Only then did I begin to understand him. Only in this way can we solve the problem. Only if you work hard will you be admitted to a top university. 5.so...that...和such...that...句式中，so或such及其所修饰的部分置于句首时，主句用部分倒装。 So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood Such progress did he make that he won much respect. 三．形式倒装：在语法上称为前置。只把强调的内容提至句首，主谓并不倒装。 1.感叹句 What an interesting talk they had! =How interesting a talk they had! 2.the+比较级.....,the +比较级.....句型 The more you listen to English, the easier it becomes. 3.whatever+ n.或however+ adj./adv.引导的让步状语从句 Whatever reasons you have, you should carry out your promise. However difficult the problem may be, we must work it out this evening. 4,as / though引导让步状从，表语、状语、含情态动词的谓语提前，表语为单数名词提前不用冠词。 Young as /though he was, he was successful. Child as /though he is, he knows much.