(完整版)现在分词的用法

He chanced taking part in that race.

Cannot help to do表示不能帮忙做某事;Cannot help doing表示情不自禁，不由得做某事

如：I cannot help to do homework for you.

I cannot help laughing.

4.作介词宾语

除了我们已经谈到的“疑问词+不定式”可以作介词宾语外。通常情况下，只能用-ing分词作介词的宾语。但个别表示“除了。。。之外”的介词如“except, but, than”通常接不定式。如：I can do nothing except/but wait.

后面跟-ing分词作介词宾语的短语结构主要有：

A)“动词+介词+动名词”

I am used to sleeping on the floor.(习惯于。。。)

I am looking forward to meeting you.

The rain stopped us from working.

She objected to marrying him(反对)

B)“形容词+介词+-ing分词”

I am interested in playing basketball.

Tom is responsible for breaking the glass.

C)"名词+介词+动名词"

There are many ways to do it/of doing it.

He didn't go out for fear of raining.

-ing分词的惯用搭配有：

A)主语+have+fun/pleasure/a good time/trouble/difficulty+(in) doing sth

如：We had a lot of fun (in) playing basketball.

I have trouble/difficulty(in) understanding him.

B)“There is+difficulty/trouble/pleasure+(in) doing sth”

如：There is difficulty in passing the exam.

There is trouble in learning a foreigh language.

C)“be busy+(in) doing sth”

I am busy in doing my homework.

D) “What about/How about +-ing分词”（征求意见句型。。。怎么样）

What/How about having a cup of tea?

How about playing basketball with me?

7.作状语

分词作状语时的逻辑主语（即分词动作的发出者）一般要与句中主语保持一致。若逻辑主语和分词动作之间为主动，用主动。反之，用被动。

A）作时间状语

如：.Walking in the street,I saw him.当我在街上走时，我看到他了

可以转化为一个时间状语从句：When/While I was walking in the street,I saw him.

注意：当我要强调正在进行的动作时我们可以在分词前面加上when／while 那么上面的例句就可以改写为When/While walking in the street,I saw him.（其实这是省略了从句中的I was,因为从句的主语和主句一致）。

如果句子为：

When/While he was walking in the street,I saw him. 当他走在街上，我看到他了。这里，由于从句主语和主句主语不一致，故不可省略。

B）作条件状语

如：Working hard,you will succeed. （只要）努力工作，你就会成功。

可以转换为if引导的状语从句。即：If you work hard, you will succeed.

C)作原因状语

如：Being ill,she stayed at home. （因为）生病，她留在家里

注意being是常用来作原因状语的

这句可以转换为相应的原因状语从句：Because/As she was ill, she stayed at home.

D)作让步状语

如. Having failed many times,he didn't lose heart. 有很多次失败，他没有灰心。

=Although he had failed many times, he didn't lose heart.

E)作结果状语

如：His friend died,leaving Tom a lot of money, 他的朋友死了，（所以）给汤姆留了很多钱。

=His friend died, so he left Tom a lot of money.

F)作方式状语

如：Please answer the question using another way. 请用另一种方式回答这个问题

G)作伴随状语,表示现在分词的动作正在进行中。

如：

He sat on the chair, singing songs.

They left the shop, satisfied.

The worked for a whole day, exhausted.

They watching TV in the living room, I was cooking in the kitchen.

8. 现在分词的独立主格

（1）独立主格，又叫独立结构，在句中作状语。它没有主语和谓语，只有逻辑上的主语，因此，它在句法上不是句子，而是一个独立于句子成分之外的独特结构形式。（2）独立主格结构可置于句首、句尾，用逗号与主句隔开。独立主格结构可分为两部分，一部分是名词或代词（主格），起着逻辑主语的作用；另一部分由形容词、副

词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等构成，表示前面名词或代词的状态、状况或动作。

如：He entered the room, his nose red with cold.(名词/代词+形容词) He lay on his back, his hands behind his head.(名词/代词+介词短语)

He entered the classroom, a book in his hand.

He lay on the bed, his eyes closed.

A good student, he always studies very hard.

Whatever the reason, Bob went aboard finally.

（3）这和我们学过的”with的复合结构”是差不多的，只不过它要比独立主格多个with．

（4）分词作状语时，其逻辑主语一般要与句中主语保持一致”不难发现我每次在叙述这句话时都加上”一般”二字那也就是说也有特殊的时候就是分词的逻辑主语不和句中主语保持一致也就是拥有了自己的独自的逻辑主语那么也就是该用独立主格的时候了．

如：Winter coming，it gets colder and colder．冬天来了天变的越来越冷了

注意这句话，我们不难发现it在句中指代的是”天气”。那么当我把winter去掉的时候，那在形式上就是纯粹的分词作状语。那么我们也就是默认了coming的动作是由it（天气）发出来的。但是我们不妨翻译一下”当天气来的时候，天气变的越来越冷了．”显然句意不通。那么就是说coming的逻辑主语不是it（天气），也就是coming拥有自己的逻辑主语。那么也就是winter，因为coming的动作是由winter发出的。