中考英语语法复合句
人教版中考英语专项练习复合句
由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。主句为句子的主体，从句只是做句子的一个成分。根据从句在句子中的作用，可以把从句分为名词性从句（主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句），定语从句和状语从句（时间，地点，原因，条件，让步，方式，比较等）三类。
一.宾语从句
1.宾语从句根据引导词的不同分为三种类型
⑴由that引导的宾语从句，其中that不做成分，可省略。
We all knew (that) we should learn from each other.
⑵由if/whether引导的宾语从句。
Please tell me if/whether you have been to America.
⑶由who,where,how等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。
Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office?
2.宾语从句“三关”
⑴引导词关
注意：whether与if的区别
只用whether的情况
①在介词后面 We don`t think about whether it would rain the
next day.
②在动词不定式前 They asked me whether to sit at the front.
③当与or not连用，或提出两种选择时 Mary asked whether I was
doing my homework or not at that time
④宾语从句提前时 Whether this is true or not, I can`t say
⑤在动词discuss后的宾语从句中 We discussed whether we should
have a sports meeting next week.
⑥引导表语从句或位于句首的主语从句用whether
The question was whether he went there last night
只用if的情况
①引导否定概念的宾语从句时
He asked me if I had`t finished my homework
②引导条件状语从句时，if意为“如果”
We`ll go hiking if it doesn`t rain tomorrow
⑵语序关
①宾语从句若为陈述句，语序不变
②宾语从句若为一般疑问句或特殊疑问句，语序还原为陈述语序
⑶时态关
①如果主句是现在的时态，从句时态据实际情况而定
②如果主句是过去某种时态，从句时态一定变为过去某时态
注意：宾语从句表述的是客观真理，自然现象时，只能用一般现在时
3.人称变化：
4.从句简化
⑴当主句谓语动词是find, see,watch,hear等时，从句常简化为“宾语+宾补”结构，宾补为省to不定式或v+ing形式
She found that the wallet lay/lying on the ground.→
She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.
⑵当主句谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,forget等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句简化为不定式结构
She agreed that she could help me with my maths. →
She agreed to help me with my maths.
⑶在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句简化为“连接代词/副词+不定式”结构
Can you tell me how I can get to the station? →
Can you tell me how to get to the station?
5.否定转移
如果主句的谓语动词是believe,think,guess,suppose等，且主句主语是一人称时，后面所接宾语从句的否定词通常前移到主句中。
I don`t think that she can finish this work on time.
注意：①这种否定前移的宾语从句，在变成反意疑问句时，反意疑问句的主谓要与从句一致
I don`t think he is interested in that, is he?
③如果主句主语是二三人称时，宾语从句否定词不前移，反意疑问
句反问主句
She thought that film was not interesting, didn`t she? 二．状语从句
1.时间状语从句常用when, as, while, before, after, since,
till, until, as soon as等来引导。在时间状语从句中，通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到…时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到…才…”, “在…以前不…”，谓语动词可用瞬间动词。Since引导的时间状语从句，主句用一般现在时或现在完成时，从句用过去时。While引导的状语从句的动词必须是延续动词，不能是短暂性动词。as, when, while都表示主从句的动作或状态同时发生。as强调两动作同时进行，并表示对比；发生时间较短，且由“一边…一边…”的意思。When还可表示从句动词的动作在主句动词的动作“之前”或“之后”发生。While用于时间较长时。
When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.
2.条件状语从句
通常用if, unless引导。在条件状语从句中，谓语动词通常用现在时表示将来的动作或状态。
I`m waiting for my friend. If she doesn`t come, I`ll go shopping alone.
3.原因状语从句
通常用because, since, as（由于）引导。because表示直接原因，语气最强。because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题，只能用because。as和since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的从句多放在句首。because
和so不能同时出现。
As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our match.
4.结果状语从句
由so…that, such…that, so that 引导。so…that与such…that 可以互换。如果名词前由many, much, little, few等词修饰时,只能用so. so…that句型的否定形式可用简单句too…to…或not…enough to代替
such+形容词+不可数名词/复数可数名词+that
snch+a(an)+形容词+单数可数名词+that=so+形容词+a(an)+单数可数名词+that
Last night Judy worked so late that she didn`t catch the early bus this morning.
5.比较状语从句
通常由as…as, than等连词引导
Though the player is over thirty, he can still run as fast as some young players
6.目的状语从句
通常用so that, in order that引导。so that即可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。区别是：目的状语从句中往往带有情态动词can, could, may, might等，从意义上看，目的状语从句表示的目的很明确。 Pass the cake round so that everyone can take a piece.
7.让步状语从句
通常由though, although, as等连词引导。although, though与but 不同时出现。Though he is old, he is very strong.
8.地点状语从句
通常由where, wherever引导
Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.
9.方式状语从句
通常由as, as if, as though等引导
Always do to the others as you would be done by.希望别人怎样待你，你就怎样待人
三．定语从句
指在主从复合句中充当定语的句子，在句中修饰名词、代词，常由关系代词which, that, who(m), whose及关系副词when, where, why 等引导。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句放先行词后做后置定语
1.当先行词表示人时，定语从句用关系代词that, who, whom引导。
当先行词表物时，定语从句用关系词that或which。当关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略。
⑴that可指人，也可指物，在从句中可作主语，宾语。作宾语可省
⑵which指物，在从句中作主语，宾语，作宾语时可省，可以引导非
限制性定语从句，有时可与that互换。
⑶who, whom, whose指人，who在从句中做主语，whom在从句中作
宾语，whose在从句中作定语
He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.
The package which/that you are carrying is too heavy.
Please pass me the book whose/of which cover is green. 2.当引导词在句中作状语时不可用that, which, who(m)等关系代
词，而应用关系副词。表示时间用when,表示地点用where, 表示原因用why。但这些关系副词可转换为“介词+关系代词”形式。
Beijing is the place where/in which I was born.
3.其他注意事项
⑴表示物时只能用that引导定语从句的情况
①当先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything,
little, much none, the one等不定代词时
②先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时
③先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same等词修饰时
（当先行词是人时，也可用关系代词who或whom）
④当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时
⑤当先行词同时含有物和人时
⑥主句中已有疑问词who或which时 Which is the bike that you
lost?
Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?
⑵表示物时只用which不用that的情况
①当关系代词前使用介词时
②在非限制性定语从句（即通常用逗号与主语隔开，若去掉整个句
子仍能表达完整意义的定语从句）中
⑶指人时，当先行词为everybody, anybody, everyone, anyone等
时要用who,不用that
⑷一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是
that，另一个用who
The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard.
其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个用that
Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before
注意：⑴关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数要和先行词一致
⑵one of+复数名词+关系代词+复数谓语动词
the (only) one of+复数名词+关系代词+单数谓语动词Titanic is one of the best movies that have been produced in Hollywood.
Titanic is the (only) one of the best movies that has been produced in Hollywood
四．主语从句
在句中作主语的名词性从句叫主语从句。主语从句的谓语动词通常用三人称单数。主语从句可直接位于句首。但如主语从句长，可用it
充当形式主语代替主语从句，把主语从句后置。记住下列主语从句常用结构：
It is said that…据说 It is reported that…据报道
It is announced that..据宣布 It is (well) known that…众所周知
It is believed that…人们相信 It is supposed that…人们希望It is hoped that…希望 It is suggested that…有人建议
It must be remembered that…务必记住
注意：有些情况下谓语动词的单复数应和表语保持一致
What we need are doctors and nurses.
What we need is time.
五．同位语从句
同位语从句是对名词的内容给予具体详细的说明。常在后面接同位语从句的名词有fact, news, idea, truth, hope, suggestion, question, problem, doubt, fear, belief等。同位语从句引导词为that,有时根据需要也可以用when, where等
His opinion that we must take good care of our earth sounds reasonable.
They have no idea at all where he has gone.
注意:同位语从句的that在句中不作句子成分，也无词义，但不能省。而定语从句中的that除了引导从句外，还是从句的一个成分，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省。
六．表语从句
在句中作连系动词的表语的从句，位于主句中系动词后
That is why he didn`t come to school yesterday.
练习
1.We`ll play snowman＿＿＿it snows heavily this afternoon.
A. if
B. although
C. unless
D. but
2.Ididn`t know_________________they could pass the exam or not.
A.why
B.when
C.that
D.whether
3.I don`t think Ben did such a stupid thing______?
A.do I
B.did I
C.did he
D.does he
4.Newton was playing under an apple tree____an apple fell onto
his head
A.when
B.while
C.after
D.before
5.——The duty of Project Hope is to help poor children,isn`t
it?
——Yes,it has built many schools_____those children can study happily
A.where
B.when
C.which
D.why
6.During the holiday I visited Shaolin Temple______lies in the west of Zhengzhou. A.where B.which C.who
D.what
7.Jim`s mother let him watch TV after he finished his homework.
（同义句）Jim`s mother_____let him watch TV _____he finished his homework.
8.The TV play is so interesting that we like to see it again （改为同义句）
It is______ ______intereting TV play _____we like to see it again.
9.When people in the United States have guests(1)________when they are invited to a get-together,they usually try to make others feel comfortable(2)_____ relaxed.Generally,they tend to be informal.Men shake hands,(3)______usually only (4)________theyare introduced.Male friends and business associates(5)________ haven`t seen each other for a time may shake hands. When a woman (6)______ a man are introduced,shaking hands is decided by the woman.American women become more(7)_______more independent.They go to places by themselves,earn their own money,(8)______often live alone ,Sometimes they will ask men for help,(9)_______they usually don`t want to be peotected.American women may start conversations with men (10)______even ask them to dance.
10.In the dark street,there wasn`t a single person_______she could turn for help A.that B.to whom C.from whom D.who
11.Please pass me the dictionary ________is black
A.its cover
B.which cover
C.of which the cover
D.cover of which
12.There are forty-five students in our class,_____are from the neardy villages A.one-third of who B.one-third of which
C.one-third of them
D.one-third of whom
13.This is the student______you took the message yesterday.
A.whose father
B.to whose father
C.to his father
D.his father
14.There isn`t much______I can do
A.what
B.which
C.that
D.how
15.Tell us about the people and the places______are different from ours
A.that
B.who
C.which
D.whom
https://www.360docs.net/doc/0714182295.html,st Sunday they reached Qingdao,______a conference was to be held
A.which
B.that
C.when
D.where
17.Is this the museum_______you visited the other day?
A.that
B.where
C.in which
D.the one
18.This is the very film________I`ve long wished to see
A.which
B.that
C.who
D.whom
19.There is no difficulty________ can`t be overcome in the world
A.that
B.which
C.who
D.what
20.Who is the person______is standing at the gate of Beijing Tourism Tower? A.who B.that C.which D.whom
21.The house________the capitalist used to live in is now a nursery
A.that
B.where
C.what
D.when
22.The house_____we live is not big
A. in that
B.which
C.in which
D.that
23.单句改错
This is the factory where we visited last week
This is the watch for which Tom is looking
The person to who you spoke is a student of Grade Two
The house in that we live is very small
The sun gives off light and warmth,that makes it possible for plants to grow
24.The WTO can not live up to its name _______it does not include
a country that is home to one fifth of mankind
A.as long as
B.while
C.if
D.even though
25.John shut everybody out of the kitchen_______he could prepare his grand surprise for the party
A.which
B.when
C.so that
D.as if
26.He made a mistake,but then he corrected the situation_____it
got worse, A.until B.when C.before
D.as
27.-Was his father very strict with him when he was at school?
-Yes.He had never praised him ______he became one of the top students in his grade A.after B.unless C.until
D.when
28.You can eat food free in my restaurant ______you like
A.whenever
B.whereever
C.whatever
D.however
29.Scientists say ir may be five or six years______it is possible to test this medicine on hunman patients
A.sice
B.after
C.before
D.when
30. This house is _______my father painted by himself.
A.that
B.which
C.the one
D./
31. _______we can`t get seems better than ______we have
A.What,/
B.What,that
C.That,that
D.That,what
32.-What did Jack ask you just now?
-He wanted to know how long______when I reached the cinema
A.had the film been on
B.the film had started
C.the film had lasted
D.had the film ended
33.I don`t have to introduce him to you ______you know the boy
A.until
B.unless
C.since
D.but
34._______hamburgers are junk food,many children like them
A.If
B.Unless
C.Because
D.Although
35.We should do_______we can _______those endangered animals
A.that,to save
B.which,save
C.that ,save
D.what ,to svae
36.________you go ,______you do, I will be right here waiting
for you
A.If,if
B.Wherever,whatever
C.where,what
37.If you don`tgo to the mall this weekend,________
A.he will,too
B.he won`t,either
C.neither he will
D.he
doesn`t ,either
38.I arrived at the airport_____the plane had taken off.
A.after
B.while
C.when
D.before
40.Our hometown is quite different from_______before
A.that it was
B.what it was
C.which it was
D.when it
was
41._____she succeeded in finishing her tasks remains a secret
A.What
B.If
C.How
D.Who
42.Is this the reason______at the meeting for carelessness in
his work?
A.he explained
B.what he explained
C.how he explained
D.why he explained
43.We are living in an age______many things are done on computer
A.which
B.that
C.whose
D.when
44._____the days went on, the weather got worse
A.With
B.Since
C.While
D.As
45.-What was the party like?-It`s years______ I enjoyed myself
so much
A.after
B.when
C.before
D.since
46._____you have tried it on, you can`t imagine how pretty the
new style skirt is.
A.Because
B.Although
C.Unless
D.When
47.I won`t go to her party unless my best friend Tom_______
A.will invite
B.will be invited
C.is invited
D.invites
48.Franklin told them all______to be in Britain again
A.he was how happy
B.how happy he was
C.how was he happy
D.he was happy how
49.Jane is one of the students in the class_____have ever been
to China
A.who
B.whose
C.which
D.whom
50.I still remember the time______we spent together at Xisai Mountain last year A.when B.what C.who D.which
51.Mr. Smith____ is smoking is looking for____he lost yesterday
A.whom;which
B.who;what
C.that;who
D.which;where
52.Nobody knows_______
A.how will our future look like
B.what will our future be like
C.how our future will look like
D.what our future will be like
53.I was chatting with my friends on the phone______my mother came in
A.while
B.when
C.as
D.since
54.In order to choose the right one, she first asked me______I want to use a dictionary for
A.what
B.why
C.how
D.whether
55.Customers are asked to make sure that they______the right charge be-fore leaving the shop
A.will give
B.have been given
C.have given
D.will be given
56.______Tom didin`t go to school?
A.Do you know how
B.Why do you know
C.How you know why
D.Do you know why
57.Mary`s mother asked her_______
A.that whether she had finished her homework
B.if she has finished her homework
C.if she had finished her homework
D.that if she had finished her homework
58.The hostess said that it_______time that they _______supper.
A.was; had
B.was;had had
C.is; have
D.is; have had
59.He said,“Don`t do that again” He______me______that again
A. said to; not to do
B. siad to; don`t do
C. told; don`t do
D. told; not to do
60.He always think of______ he can work better.
A. what
B. how
C. who
D.which
61.The photographs will show you______.
A. what does our village look like
B. what our village looks like
C. how does our village look like
D. how our village looks like
62.I suggested that we ______to the cinema.
A. would go
B. will go
C. shall go
D. go
63.It was true______ Alice did surprised her mother.
A. that what
B. what that
C. that that
D. all that
64.______ is well-known______ much progress has been made in China.
A. What, what
B. It, that
C. It, what
D. That,
that
65. ______he has enough time to finish the work is still a problem.
A. Whether
B. That
C. If
D.What
66.He was so angry at all______ he was doing______ he walked out.
A. what, that
B. that, that
C. that, what
D. what, what
67.They found at last______ they had been looking for.
A. that
B. what
C. where
D. which
68.He will be here on time. But I`m not sure______ he drives or take the train. A. whether B. if C. when D. how 69.“An order has come from Berlin______ no language but German may be taught in the schools of Alsace and Lorraine.”
A. where
B. what
C. that
D. which
高中英语语法最重要知识汇总
按：本套资料省去了名词、代词、形容词等部分，保留了最最核心的句型和动词。希望能有所帮助。 第一章名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 一．主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如： a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。 - b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.我对你成功与否不感兴趣。 c) It is in the morning that the murder took place.谋杀案是在早上发生的。（强调句型） d) It is John that broke the window.是John打碎的窗户。（强调句型） 2. 用it作形式主语的结构 (1) It is ＋名词＋从句 It is a fact that …; It is an honor that…; It is common knowledge that… (2) It is ＋形容词＋从句 It is natural that…It is strange that… . (3) It is ＋不及物动词＋从句 It seems that…It happened that…It appears that… (4) It ＋过去分词＋从句 It is reported that…It has been proved that…It is said that… 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况： （1）if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 （2）It is said /reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. ( 错误表达：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. （3）It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. 错误表达：That he failed in the examination occurred to him. （4）It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. 错误表达：Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. （5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如： ； 正确表达：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening 错误表达：Is that will rain in the evening likely 4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则不然。例如：
中考英语语法专题训练—复合句含答案与解析
专题训练十一 复合句 1. --- Could you tell me _____ for the fruit? ---By paying over the Internet. A. how much will I pay B. how much I will pay C. how will I pay D. how I will pay 2. I don't know ______ during the summer vacation. Do you have any advice? --- How about visiting Beijing International Horticultural Expo （ 北京世界园艺博览会 ）? A. what should I do B. when should I go C. what I should do D. when I should go 3. Would you please tell me ______ ? --- It's Mr. Black's. 7. --- I wonder ______ Jane gets on so well with her classmates. --- Because she always cares much about others. A. when the robot was bought C. why the robot was made 4. Rose is wondering _______ . A. what is Matt doing C. when will Aaron leave 5. --- Dear friends, do you still rem ---To realize our dreams! A. why you came here C. how you came here B. who the robot belongs to D. which city the robot was taken to B. where has Jason gone D. who did the washing _______ three years ago? B. why did you come here D. how did you come here 6. ---I wonder _______ --- Someone who can make me a better person. A. when you often meet your friends C. who you want to make friends with B. how you make your friends happy D. where you spend weekends with friends
高考英语语法专项突破训练专题16-倒装句和省略句
专题十六倒装句和省略句重难点分析 一、倒装句 倒装句主要考查以下几个方面： ◆含有否定意味的词置于句首，用部分倒装； ◆“only+状语/状语从句”置于句首，用部分倒装； ◆so/such…that句型中，“so+形容词/副词”提前，用部分倒装； ◆表示方位的副词或介词短语放在句首，要用完全倒装。 1. 倒装句用法一览表：
2. 特别提示 (1) there be结构的倒装句型中，除了be动词之外，there后还可接lie, live, seem to be等。如：There lived an old man in the village long long ago. 很久很久以前，村子里住着一位老人。 (2) here, there, now, then, up, down, away, out等副词位于句首，主语为代词时不到装。如：Away it flew. 它飞走了。 (3) 直接引语的一部分或全部位于句首，主句倒装，主句倒装，但是主语为代词时不倒装。如：“You have to finish it tonight,” she said. “今晚你必须完成它，”她说。 (4) so位于句首不倒装的情况：
① 主语与前句相同，表赞同，译为“确实如此”。如： — Mike studies hard. 迈克学习很刻苦。 — So he does. 确实是。 ② 表示前句内容也适用于另外的人或事，前句如果列举了两种事实以上，用“so it is/was with sb./sth.”回答。如： — Tom is kind and often helps those in trouble. 汤姆很友好，经常帮助处于困境中的人。 — So it is with his father. 他父亲也是。 (5) 使用as/though进行倒装时注意： ①句首有名词，名词不能带任何冠词。如：Child as he is, he can tell right from wrong. 尽管他是个孩子，却能够明辨是非。 ②句首是实义动词时，其他助动词则放在主语之后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，则宾语和状语随实义动词一起放在主语之前。如： Try hard as he will, he never seems to be able to do the work satisfactorily. 虽然他尽力了，但他的工作总做得不尽如人意。 (6) not until位于句首的倒装结构中，如果是复合句，只有主句用倒装，从句不用。如： Not until he loses his health will he give up smoking. 他直到失去健康才会戒烟。 二、省略句 高考命题导向：省略是一种避免重复，保持简洁的语法手段。缺少一个或一个以上的必要语言成分，但在一定语境中能够独立存在，意义明确，并且能发挥交际功能的句子叫作省略句。高考主要是考查省略在固定结构中的运用。 省略句用法一览表：
高中英语语法倒装句讲解及练习(附答案)
高中英语倒装句 倒装句分为全部倒装和部分倒装 1全部倒装全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：1）here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run等表示来去或状态的动词。例如：Then came the chairman. 那时总裁来了。Here is your letter. 你的信。 2). up，down，out，away，in , off, ahead放于句首Up jumped the cat and caught the mouse. Ahead sat an old woman. 3）表示地点，时间，方向等的介词短语放在句首时例如：After the head walked a group of workers. 4.“作表语的现在分词/过去分词/形容词+系动词+主语”形式的完全倒装 Seated in the front were the guests. 注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。例如： Here he comes. 他来了。Away they went. 他们走开了。 2部分倒装 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句子的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。 1. 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, rarely, scarely, in no way, under no circumstance, at no time决不, not until…等。例如： Never have I seen such a performance. 从未见过如此糟糕的表演。 Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 无论如何你不会找到这个问题的答案的。 Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 母亲一直到孩子入睡后离开房间。 当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。注意：如否定词不在句首不倒装。例如： The mother didn\'t leave the room until the child fell asleep. 典型例题 1）---Why can\'t I smoke here? ----At no time___ in the meeting-room A. is smoking permitted B.smoking is permitted C. smoking is it permitted D.does smoking permit 2）Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is. A. man did know B. man know C. didn\'t man know D. did man know 2.Not only…but also前面倒装，后面不倒装 Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. 他没有收下礼物，还狠狠批评了送礼的人。 3．Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner…than等，要倒装。 Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. 典型例题No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily. A. the game began B.has the game begun C. did the game begin D.had the game begun 4so, neither, nor作部分倒装 so/neither/nor+be/can(should/will/could…..)/do(did/does)+sb表示\"也\"、\"也不\" 的句子要部分倒装。例如： 典型例题---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother? ---I don\'t know, _____. A. nor don\'t I care B. nor do I care C. I don\'t care neither D. I don\'t care also 注意：当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为\"的确如此\"。例如： Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. ---It\'s raining hard.---So it is. 5 only在句首后接状语用总分倒装。例如： Only in this way can you learn English well. 只有这样，你才能学好英语。 如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。例如： Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed. 病得狠重时，他才卧床休息。 注意：如果only后的词组不是状语，不需倒装。
初中英语复合句
初中重点语法 从句按其在复合句中的作用,分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句等。（参见以下各条） 3、各从句在句子中的位置以及用法： (1) 表语从句：在句子中作连系动词的表语的从句,它位于主句中的系动词之后。 例如：That is why he did not come to school yesterday. / It is because you are so clever. (2) 宾语从句：在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语。 ①基本形式：（主句＋）连词+从句主语+从句谓语+... ②关于宾语从句连词的选择： 若从句来源于一个陈述句,那么,连词用that,在口语中that可以省略; 若从句来源于一个一般疑问句,连词则用if 或whether; 若从句来源于一个特殊疑问句,则连词就是疑问词(如what,who,where,when等) 例如：They believe that the computer will finally take the place of human beings.(他们相信计算机终将 代替人类。) (从句本来就是陈述句)/ I wonder whether I should say something for him to the headmaster.(我不知道是不是该为他在校长跟前说点什么。) (从句来源于一般问句Shall I say something for him to the headmaster?) / He asked me where he could get such medicine. (他问我在 哪儿能搞到那样的药。) (从句来源于特殊问句Where can he get such medicine? ) ③宾语从句的时态问题：如果主句是现在时,从句则用现在某一时态,甚至可以用过去时； 如主句是过去时,从句则相应地使用过去某一时态,遇到客观真理时仍然用现在时。如：I think I will do better in English this term. (我想本学期我的英语会学得好点。) / The teacher asked the boy if the earth is round. (老师问那个男孩地球是不是圆的。) ④下列结构后面的从句一般也作为宾语从句看待： be sorry / afraid / sure / glad +that从句,如：I’m sorry I’m late. (对不起,我迟到了。) / I’m afraid he isn’t in at the moment. (恐怕他此刻不在家。) (3) 状语从句：在复合句中作状语,其位置可以在主句前或主句后。状语从句可以分为时间、地点、原因、 目的、结果、比较、让步、条件等几种。状语从句由从属连接词引导。 时间状语从句通常由when ,as ,while, after, before, since, as soon as ,since, till (until), while, whenever 等引导。时间状语从句一般放在句首或句尾,特别注意,时间状语从句不允许使用将来时,而应该 用现在时替代。如：When you finish the work, you may go out to play with Sam. (你完成工作就可 以出去和Jim一起玩了。) / I won’t leave until Mum comes back. (妈妈回来了我才会走。) 地点状语从句通常由where, wherever等引导。如：Go back where you came from! (哪里来还滚到哪里去！) / I will never forget to catch the thief who stole my necklace wherever he may be. (我永远也不会 忘记去抓住那个偷我项链的贼,无论他会在哪里。) 原因状语从句通常由because, since, as等引导,一般放在句首或句尾。如：He went abroad because his father had found a good university for him. (他出国了,因为他父亲给他找了一所好大学。) 目的状语从句通常由so that..., so...hat..., in order that...等引导,往往放在句尾,从句中通常含有can / could / may / might等情态动词。如：He got up earlier so that he could catch the first train. (他起身 更早为的是赶上第一班车。) 结果状语从句通常由so that..., so...that... 等引导,放在句尾。结果状语从句一般表示已经发生的事情,故多为过去时态。如：He lost so many bikes that he decided never to buy a new one. (他丢了那么多 辆自行车,他决定再也不买新车了。) 比较状语从句通常由as, than, as (so)...as等引导,一般省略从句的谓语部分,只剩下名词或代词(用主格或宾格均可)。如：Jane is much taller than I/me. (Jane比我高多了。) / I don’t have as many books as you (do). (我书没有你多) 让步状语从句通常由though (although), as, even if( even though), however, whatever等引导。如：Even if you pay the debt(债务) for me, I will not thank you because it has nothing to do with me. (即使你替 我还了债我也不会感谢你,因为它与我毫无关系。) / He wears a T-shirt though it is very cold. (他穿 了一件T恤衫,尽管天很冷。)
高中英语语法-倒装句
倒装句 英语句子的主语通常位于谓语动词之前，这种语序被称为正常语序。但有时出于强调或某种特殊的语法结构的需要，需要将谓语动词放在主语之前，这种语序则叫倒装语序。按倒装的形式，倒装可分为两类，一是完全倒装，二是部分倒装。完全倒装是指全部谓语放在主语之前，部分倒装是指只把助动词、情态动词或be动词放在主语之前，谓语的主体部分仍在主语之后。 一、完全倒装 1. 用于there be 句型。 例：There are many students in the classroom. 原句自然顺序是：Many students are there in the classroom. ★2. 表示地点的here和 there位于句首时，其后用完全倒装形式。这类倒装句的谓语通常是动词be和come, go等表示移动或动态的不及物动词，以及stand, lie, live等表示状态的动词(表示存在)。 例：Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。 There goes the last train. 最后一班火车开走了。 There stood a desk against the wall. 靠墙放着一张书桌。 注意：若主语为人称代词，则不倒装。如： Here you are. 这就是你要的东西。（给你。） Here it comes. 它来了。 ★3. 表示方向的副词away, down, in, off, out, over, round, up 等位于句首时，其后用完全倒装语序。这类倒装句的谓语通常表示动态的不及物动词。 Out rushed the puppy. 小狗冲了出去。 Away went the girl. 那个女孩走远了。 Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas. 下雨了，伞都撑起来了。 注：若主语为人称代词，则不能用倒装。如： In he comes. 他走了进来。 Down it came. 它掉了下来。 ★4. 表示时间或顺序的副词now, then 等位于句首时，其后用完全倒装语序。这类倒装句的谓语通常表示动态的不及物动词。如：
高中英语语法难点并列句和主从复合句.
高中英语语法难点——并列句和主从复合句并列句基本概念： 并列复合句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。两个简单句常由并列连接词连在一起；但有时不用连接词,只在两个简单句之间用一逗号或分号。2、常见的并列句： (1) 用来连接两个并列概念的连接词有and , not only…but also…, neither…nor…等,and 所连接的前后分句往往表示先后关系、递进关系。前后分句的时态往往保持一致关系,若第一个分句是祈使句,那么第二个分句用将来时。(2) 表示在两者之间选择一个, 常用的连接词有or,otherwise,or else,either…or…等,前后分句的时态往往保持一致关系,若第一个分句是祈使句,那么第二个分句用将来时。(3) 表明两个概念彼此有矛盾、相反或者转折, 常用的连接词有but,yet,still ,however等,前后分句时态一致。(4) 说明原因, 用连接词for ,前后分句时态一致。(5) 表示结果,用连接词so, 前后分句时态一致。 主从复合句 1、概念： 主从复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的主体,从句只用作句子的一个次要成分,不能独立成为一个句子。从句通常由关联词引导,并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。如：While the grandparents love the children, they are strict with them.(爷爷奶奶们很爱孩子,同时对他们也严格要求。) / It seemed as if the meeting would never end.(看起来会议没完没了。) / Hurry up, or (else) you’ll be late.(快点, 要不然就来不及了。) / However I cook eggs, the child still refuses to eat them.(不管我用什么方法煮鸡蛋,小孩还是不肯吃。) 2、分类： 从句按其在复合句中的作用,分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句等。(参见以下各条) 3、各从句在句子中的位置以及用法： (1) 表语从句：在句子中作连系动词的表语的从句,它位于主句中的系动词之后。例如：That is why he did not come to school yesterday. / It is because you are so clever. (2) 宾语从句：在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语。①基本形式：(主句＋)连词+从句主语+从句谓语+... ②关于宾语从句连词的选择：若从句来源于一个陈述句,那么,连词用that,在口语中that可以省略; 若从句来源于一个一般疑问句,连词则用if 或whether; 若从句来源于一个特殊疑问句,则连词就是疑问词(如what,who,where,when等) 例如：They believe that the computer will finally take the place of human beings.(他们相信计算机终将代替人类。) (从句本来就是陈述句)/ I wonder whether I should say something for him to the headmaster. (我不知道是不是该为他在校长跟前说点什么。) (从句来源于一般问句Shall I say something for him to the headmaster?) / He asked me where he could get such medicine. (他问我在哪儿能搞到那样的药。) (从句来源于特殊问句Where can he get such medicine? ) ③宾语从句的时态问题：如果主句是现在时,从句则用现在某一时态,甚至可以用过去时；如主句是过去时,从句则相应地使用过去某一时态,遇到客观真理时仍然用现在时。如：I think I will do better in English this term. (我想本学期我的英语会学得好点。) / The teacher asked the boy if the earth is round. (老师问那个男孩地球是不是圆的。) ④下列结构后面的从句一般也作为宾语从句看待：be sorry / afraid / sure / glad +that从句,如：I’m sorry I’m late. (对不起,我迟到了。) / I’m afraid he isn’t in at the moment. (恐怕他此刻不在家。) (3) 状语从句：在复合句中作状语,其位置可以在主句前或主句后。状语从句可以分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、比较、让步、条件等几种。状语从句由从属连接词引导。时间状语从句通常由when ,as ,while, after, before, since, as soon as ,since, till (until), while, whenever 等
2020届中考英语语法专项训练：(十二)复合句(含答案)
(十二)复合句 Ⅰ.词汇运用。 A)用适当的引导词完成下列宾语从句。 1．She said that she wanted to stay at home. 2．Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? 3．Tony asked whose handwriting was the best. 4．—I want to know whether he still lives there or not. —Sorry，I don't know，either. 5．Can you tell me what life will be like in the future? B)根据句意，用方框中所给单词填空。 who，if，although，which，when 6．If you drive，you mustn't drink wine at all. 7．Although my cousin is very young，she can help with the housework. 8．When I visited London，I met an old friend. 9．The woman who is talking with my English teacher comes from Hefei. 10．Have you found the answer to the question which I asked you this morning? Ⅱ.按要求完成句子，每空一词。 1．“Have you ever been in a hot air ballon？” Melissa asked her mom.(改为含宾语从句的复合句) Melissa asked her mom if/whether she had ever been in a hot air balloon. 2．Whose schoolbag is on the desk？Father asked.(改为含宾语从句的复合句) Father asked whose schoolbag was on the desk. 3．I won't write unless he writes first.(改为同义句) I won't write if he doesn't write first. 4．He is so fat that he can't get through the door.(改为同义句) He is such a fat man that he can't get through the door. 5．我想知道明天我们在哪里见面。(汉译英) I wonder where we__ will meet tomorrow. Ⅲ.单项选择。 (A)1.—What did your father say to you just now? —He asked me ________. A．if I enjoyed myself at the party B．that I would like to see a movie C．when I will spend my holiday D．when did I attend the graduation party (A)2.—Are you sure ________ Li Ming has flown to London? —Yes.I saw him off at the airport just now. A．that B．if C．whether D．when (B)3.—Have you decided ________ you'll go to Hainan? —Not yet.Maybe by plane. A．when B．how C．where D．whether (C)4.In the UK，a woman usually doesn't like to be asked ________. A．when did she get married B．what is her age C．how much she weighs D．where does she come from (D)5.—Could you tell me ________？ —An engineer.He works in a computer company.
最全英语倒装句语法
倒装句 概念：用以表示一定句子结构的需要和强调某一句子成分的需要，分为完全倒装和部分倒装。 一.完全倒装：句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。 1.以here, there, now, then等副词或out, in, up, down, away等表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首以示强调，句子要全部倒装，谓语动词常用come,go, be, lie,run,rush等。 2.表示地点的介词短语位于句首时 A beautiful lake lies at the foot of the hill At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake. 注意：在上述句子中，如果主语为人称代词，则主、谓不需要倒装。 In he came and back he went again. Away he went . 二.部分倒装：be/助动词/情态动词提前到主语的前面。 Is am are was were（be动词）do does did（助动词）can could would may will might（情态动词）等1.only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时, 要进行部分倒装. Only then did I realize the importance of learning English. Only after he came back was I able to see him. 注：only修饰主语，仍用自然语序，如：Only socialism can save China. I seldom go to the cinema. 倒装：Seldom do I go to the cinema. 我很少去看电影． I have never seen such a performance. 倒装：Never have I seen such a performance. 我从来没有看过这样的表演． 2.否定副词及介词短语的否定词位于句首时。 高考常考的这类词或词语有：never , not, seldom, hardly, little, nowhere, by no means, in no time等。 3.not until 引导的从句位于句首引起的主句部分倒装 He didn’t finish his homework until his mother came back. 倒装：Not until his mother came back did he finish his homework. 直到他的妈妈回来，他才完成作业。 The mother didn’t leave the room until the child fell asleep. 倒装：Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 等到孩子睡着了，妈妈才离开房间． 注意：当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。 4、as/ though (虽然，尽管）引导的让步状语从句 名词\形容词\副词\分词+as\though+主语+其他 Although I am ugly, I am gentle. 倒装：Ugly as I am, I am gentle. Though he is a child, he has to make a living. 倒装：Child as he is, he has to make a living. 注意：从句的表语是名词，其名词前不加任何冠词
高中英语语法讲练一句子成分;简单句并列句和复合句--高中英语
语法复习一：句子成分；简单句、并列句和复合句 一、句子成分 （一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 （二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如： During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词） We often speak English in class.（代词） One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词） To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词） The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词） When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句） It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students. （四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如： Our teacher of English is an American.（名词） Is it yours?（代词） The weather has turned cold.（形容词） The speech is exciting.（分词） Three times seven is twenty one?（数词） His job is to teach English.（不定式） His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词） The machine must be out of order.（介词短语） Time is up. The class is over.（副词） The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句） （五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如： They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词） The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词） How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词） They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词） He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语） I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）
中考英语语法复合句
人教版中考英语专项练习复合句 由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。主句为句子的主体，从句只是做句子的一个成分。根据从句在句子中的作用，可以把从句分为名词性从句（主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句），定语从句和状语从句（时间，地点，原因，条件，让步，方式，比较等）三类。 一.宾语从句 1.宾语从句根据引导词的不同分为三种类型 ⑴由that引导的宾语从句，其中that不做成分，可省略。 We all knew (that) we should learn from each other. ⑵由if/whether引导的宾语从句。 Please tell me if/whether you have been to America. ⑶由who,where,how等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。 Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office? 2.宾语从句“三关” ⑴引导词关 注意：whether与if的区别 只用whether的情况 ①在介词后面 We don`t think about whether it would rain the next day. ②在动词不定式前 They asked me whether to sit at the front. ③当与or not连用，或提出两种选择时 Mary asked whether I was
doing my homework or not at that time ④宾语从句提前时 Whether this is true or not, I can`t say ⑤在动词discuss后的宾语从句中 We discussed whether we should have a sports meeting next week. ⑥引导表语从句或位于句首的主语从句用whether The question was whether he went there last night 只用if的情况 ①引导否定概念的宾语从句时 He asked me if I had`t finished my homework ②引导条件状语从句时，if意为“如果” We`ll go hiking if it doesn`t rain tomorrow ⑵语序关 ①宾语从句若为陈述句，语序不变 ②宾语从句若为一般疑问句或特殊疑问句，语序还原为陈述语序 ⑶时态关 ①如果主句是现在的时态，从句时态据实际情况而定 ②如果主句是过去某种时态，从句时态一定变为过去某时态 注意：宾语从句表述的是客观真理，自然现象时，只能用一般现在时 3.人称变化： 4.从句简化 ⑴当主句谓语动词是find, see,watch,hear等时，从句常简化为“宾语+宾补”结构，宾补为省to不定式或v+ing形式