高中六大从句讲解及练习题总结

1.主语从句

1）主语从句可直接位于主语的位置，如果从句较长，谓语又较短，可用it作形式主语，而将从句放在句末。常见的句型有：

*It is a fact\a pity\a question\good news that...

*It seems\appears\happened\has turned out that...

*It is clear\important\likely\possible that...

*It is said\reported \has been proved that...

It seems that the performance is very useful.

2)what引导的主语从句表示“...的东西时”，一般不用it作形式主语。

*What we lack is experience.

3)what,who,when,why,whether等词含有各自的疑问意义，但它们引导的主语从句，都用陈述语序。

*How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again.

*I did not know why I felt like crying.

练习：

1. It worried her a bit ____ her hair was turning grey.

A. while

B. that

C. if

D. for

2. ________ makes mistakes must correct them.

A. What

B. That

C. Whoever

D. Whatever

3. ________ Tom liked to eat was different from ________.

A. That…that you had expected

B. What …that you had expected

C. That…what you had expected

D. What…what you had expected

4. It ________ Bob drives badly.

A. thinks that

B. is thought what

C. thought that

D. is thought that

5. ____ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.

A. If

B. Whether

C. That

D. Where

2.宾语从句

1）宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。in that(因为),except that(除了),but that(只是）已构成固定搭配，其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。

*I promised that I would change the situation. （vt）

*All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship. （prep）

*He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children. （adj） *This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long. (介词的固定搭配）

2)宾语从句后如有宾补，要用形式宾语it来代替，而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。

* He has made it clear that he would not change his mind.

3)在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句中，如果谓语是否定的，一般将否定词移至主句谓语上，宾语从句则变成肯定形式。

* He didn't think that the money was well spent.

练习：

1．—What did you parents think about your decision?

—They always let me do ________ I think I should．

A． when B． That C． how D． What

2．Please remind me _________ he said he was going． I may be in time to see him off．

A． where B． when C． how D． what

3．Mary wrote an article on ________ the team had failed to win the game．

A．Why B．what C．who D．That

4．Someone is ringing the doorbell Go and see________．

A ．who is he B． who he is C． who is it D． who it is

3.表语从句

表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。表语从句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引导外，还可由because,as if(though)等引导。that 常可省略。如主句主语为reason,只能用that引导表语从句，不可用because.

*Perhaps the most important thing to remember is that there is no one common type of life in America.

*The reason why so many people died there is that there were not enough food supplies.

* It looks as if successful international cultural communication will make the world smaller.

练习：

1 —I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week .

—Is that_____ you had a few days off？

A. why B .what C. when D. where

2 .I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella ____I got wet through.

A. It’s the reason

B. That’s why

C. There’s why

D. It’s how

3. See the flags on top of the building? That was ______ we did this morning.

A. when

B. which

C. where

D. what

4. --- Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?

---Oh, that’s _____.

A. what makes me feel excited

B. whatever I feel excited about

C. how I feel about it

D. when I feel excited

4.同位语从句

同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明，一般用连词that引导，由于先行名词的意义不同，也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等引导。常见的先行名词有 fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision. 有时由于谓语较短，将同位语从句位于谓语之后。

*She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show.

*I had no idea how many books I could borrow at a time.

练习：

1.The fact ____ he was successful proves his ability.

A.that

B.what

C.which

D.why

2.His suggestion ____ the meeting be delayed was turned down.

A.which

B.that

C./

D.it

3.I have no idea ____ he will start.

A.when

B.that

C.what

D./

4.He often asked me the question ____ the work was worth doing.

A.whether

B.where

C.that

D.when

5.定语从句

定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词，也可以是一个句子。定语从句通常位于先行词之后，由关系代词或关系副词引导。

*限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句修饰先行词，对先行词起修饰作用，紧接先行词之后，无逗号，若省去，原句意思不完整。引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等。who,whom,whose用于指人，whose有时也可指物，相当于of which；which用于指物；that 既可指人也可指物，但只用于限制性定语从句中。关系代词除了引导定语从句，替代先行词外，还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等。

*Those who live alone or who are sick may have trouble in getting close to other people.

*The girl whose parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother. 1) 当先行词是all,anything,everything,something,nothing等不定代词或先行词前有 first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容词最高级修饰时，只能用关系代词that 引导从句。

*That is all that I've heard from him.

*He's the first person that I'm going to interview this afternoon.

2) 关系代词的省略

在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。关系代词紧跟介词，作介词宾语时不可用that，只可用which或whom引导从句，并且不可省略，但当介词位于宾语从句句末时，作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that，也可省略。

*This is one of those things with which we have to put up.

*This is one of those things (which\that) we have to put up with.

3) 引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where,why等。关系副词在从句中作状语，意义上相当于一个“介词+which”的结构。

* No one knows the reason why(=for which) he was so angry that day.

练习：

1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.

A. Which

B. where

C. what

D. in which

2.Do you know the man _______?

A. whom I spoke

B. to who spoke

C. I spoke to

D. that I spoke

3.This is the hotel _______last month.

A. which they stayed

B. at that they stayed

C. where they stayed at

D. where they stayed

4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded?

A. which

B. that

C. when

D. on which

5.That is the day ______I'll never forget.

A. which

B. on which

C. in which

D. When

*非限制性定语从句

非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词，也可修饰整个主句，起补充说明作用，与主句之间有逗号隔开，若省去，原句意思不受影响。不可用that引导非限制性定语从句。关系词不可省略。

*He passed the exam, which surprised all of us.

*“介词+which\whom\whose”引导的定语从句

“介词+which\whom\whose”可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句，该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的固定搭配，或先行词的习惯搭配。

*This is the computer on which he spent all his savings

*It is written by a person with whom we are all familiar.

*as引导的定语从句

as引导的定语从句主要用于“such...as”及“the same...as”的结构中，代替先行词是人或物的名词。as引导非限制性定语从句时，代替整个主句，从句可位于主句之前、之后或中间。

*These are not such problems as can be easily solved.(as代替先行词problems) *As is mentioned above,no single company or group can control what happens on the Internet.(as代替主语)

练习：

1.He is good at English, ______we all know.

A. that

B. as

C. whom

D. What

2.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy.

A. whom

B. who

C. which

D. Tha

3.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much.

A. I went with

B. with whom I went

C. with who I went

D.I went with him

4.The letter is from my sister, ______is working in Beijing.

A. which

B. that

C. whom

D. Who

5.I lost a book, ______I can't remember now.

A. whose title

B. its title

C. the title of it

D. the title of that

6.状语从句

*时间状语从句

引导时间状语从句的从属连词和词组有：

1）when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once等。

*We have learnt quite a lot about it since we came here.

2)as soon as,hardly,when,no sooner...than,each(every)time,the moment,immediately(that)等。

*As soon as I sent an e-mail message,I received positive responses.

*The moment he heard the good news,he jumped with joy.

练习：

We were told that we should follow the main road _____ we reached the central railway station.

A. whenever

B. until

C. while

D. Wherever

*地点状语从句

引导地点状语从句的连词是where,wherever.

*Wherever she went,she took her little daughter with her.

练习：

Don’t leave the knife _____ our little Jane can get it.

A.in which

B.to which

C.that

D.where

*原因、结果和目的状语从句

1）引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because,as,since,now(that),seeing that,considering that,in that等。

*Considering that he is a freshman,we must say he is doing well.

2)引导结果状语从句的连词有：so...that,such...that ,so that,that,so等。

*Mickey Mouse is so attractive that the children are reluctant to leave.

3)引导目的状语从句的连词有：so that,in order that,for fear that 等，从句常使用may,might,can,could,would等情态动词。

*We got up early this morning so that we could catch the first bus to the railway station.

练习：

Roses need special care_____they can live through winter.

A.because

B.so that

C.even if

D.as

*条件和让步状语从句

1）引导条件状语从句的连词和词组有if,unless,as(so) long as,on condition that,in case,supposing等。

*As long as you have the right equipment,you can use a telephone line to transmit computer data.

2)引导让步状语从句的连词和词组有though,although,whether,even though,even if,no matter what(when,how...),whatever(whenever,wherever,however....)等。though,even if等引导状语从句可转换成含有as的部分倒装结构，具有强调意义。其结构为“形容词（副词、动词、名词）+as+主语+谓语”。

*No matter what you may say,I would not change my mind.

*Young as he is,he is quite experienced in this work.(=though he is young) *Child as he is,he can speak English fluently.(=though he is a child)

练习：

1.You should try to get a good night’sleep _____ much work you have to do.

A.however

B.no matter

C.although

D.whatever

2. _____ I can see , there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger.

A.As long as

B.As far as

C.Just as

D.Even if

3.Don’t be afraid of asking for help_____it is needed.

A.unless

B.since

C.although

D.when

*方式状语从句

引导方式状语从句的连词有as,just as,as if,as though等。as if,as though引导的状语从句中，谓语动词常用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反。

*The young man made the experiment just as the teacher had taught him.

*Everything went on as usual as if nothing had happened.

练习：

________，he never seems able to do the work beautifully.

A. Try as he may

B. as he tries

C. Try as does he

D. As he does try