Unit1 词汇讲解---2024年高考英语一轮复习夯实基础(北师大版2019)

2024年高考英语一轮复习夯实基础（北师大版2019）

必修Book Unit 1词汇讲解

1. senior adj.级别(或地位)高的；高级水平的

n．较……年长的人；级别(或地位)较高者

[先做]——单句语法填空/猜测加黑词的含义

①She is senior to me, as she joined the company before me.

②Tickets at the gate are $10, $7 for seniors (age 55 and up).老年人

[后教]

be senior to...比……年长/资历深/职位高

[佳句背诵] It covers a wide variety of topics to attract senior students, leading us into the outer world as a silent friend.它涵盖了各种各样的话题来吸引高中生，作为一个沉默的朋友引导我们进入外面的世界。(2021·新高考全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)

背诵点书面表达之投稿

[名师点津] 有些形容词本身就含有“比……更……”之意，不与than搭配，要与介词to连用，这样的形容词还有junior、prior、inferior、superior。

2. challenging adj.有挑战性的；有吸引力的

[先做]——单句语法填空/单句改错

①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Landing on the moon's far side is extremely challenging(challenge).

②He accepted his friend's challenge to swim(swim) across the river.

③I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel challenging. challenging→challenged

[后教]

(1)challenge n.挑战；难题；质疑

v t. 挑战；怀疑

a challenge to... 对……的挑战

take on/meet/face/issue a challenge

接受/应对/面临/发起挑战challenge sb. to (do) sth.向某人挑战(做)某事/要求某人做某事

(2)challenged adj. 受到挑战的

[佳句背诵] Many Chinese brands, having developed their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market.很多享誉数百年的中国品牌现在正面临着现代市场带来的新挑战。

3. schedule n.日程表，计划表

v t.为……安排时间；列入

[先做]——单句语法填空

①We should work extra hours on the project to complete it on schedule or even ahead of schedule.

②As scheduled(schedule)，during your stay at our school, we will first give you

a tour of our school.

[后教]

(1)on schedule 准时；按时间表

ahead of schedule 提前

(2)be scheduled to do sth. 按计划要做某事

as scheduled 正如预期的那样

[佳句背诵] Finding time for both studies and extra-curricular activities is a big challenge, so I need to make a workable schedule.

找到时间兼顾学习和课外活动是一项巨大的挑战，因此我需要制定一个切实可行的计划。

[联想发散] 意为“提前”的其他表达：in advance、ahead of time。

4. expectation n.期待；预料，预期

[先做]——单句语法填空

①(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)The couple has a high success rate in getting accepted as house sitters and they always go beyond the homeowner's expectations(expect).

②(2022·全国甲卷)People in France expect you to eat(eat) with a utensil in each hand.

③(2021·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)As I told my parents at dinner that first night, it was all a little more high-pressure than I had expected(expect).

[后教]

(1)out of/beyond one's expectations

超出某人的预期

live up to/meet (one's) expectations

不负(某人的)期望

(2)expect v. 预料；期待；期望；认为

expect (sb.) to do sth. 期待(某人)做某事

(3)expected adj. 预料的，预期的

as expected 按计划进行，不出所料

[佳句背诵] Improving the teaching quality is the common expectation of the education departments, and also the important element of social competitive force of school.提高教学质量是教育部门各方共同努力所期望的，也是学校提高社会竞争力的重要手段。

5. range n.一系列；范围

v i.(在一定范围内)变化；包括，涉及；排列

[先做]——单句语法填空/单句改错

①The opera has a large audience，ranging(range) from children to grandparents.

②(2021·全国乙卷)Activities there range from whale watching to hiking(远足) and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment.

③The price of the house is so high that it is well within our range. within→beyond

[后教]

(1)a wide range of... 一系列……

beyond/out of range 在射程外；在范围外

within range 在射程内；在范围内

in the range of...to... 在……到……范围内

(2)range from...to... 包括从……到……；

在……至……范围内变动range between...and... 在……和……范围内变动

[佳句背诵] Frankly speaking, there are a wide range of ways to learn English beyond the class, but it is important to find one that suits you best. 坦率地说，课堂之外学习英语的方法有很多，但重要的是找到一个最适合你的方法。(2022·全国乙卷满分作文)

背诵点书面表达之投稿

6. various adj.各种各样的；多种(类型)的

[先做]——单句语法填空/语段填空

①(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)As an interview program, we often invite special guests to share opinions on various(vary) topics.

②Varieties of after-class activities will be held，varying from the English Corner to the Literature Club. So we students can get various experiences.(vary) [后教]

(1)vary v i. (根据情况)变化；改变

vary in... 在……(大小、形状等)上不同

vary with/by... 随……变化/改变

(2)variety n. 种种；多样化

a variety of/varieties of种种；各种各样的

[佳句背诵] Some students expressed their great concern for the situation of wild animals, and others put forward a wide variety of measures to protect them.

一些学生表达了他们对野生动物状况的极大关注，其他学生提出了各种各样的措施来保护它们。

背诵点书面表达之保护动物

7. convenient adj.方便的，便利的

[先做]——语段填空/单句语法填空

①I'm sorry for the inconvenience caused by my mistakes. I wonder if it is convenient for you to come on Thursday. If not, you can come at your convenience．(convenient)

②In a word, if we had such a magic watch, our life would become more convenient(convenience).

[后教]

(1)It is convenient for sb. to do sth.

某人方便做某事

(2)convenience n. 便利；方便

at one's convenience 在某人方便的时候

for convenience 为了方便起见

(3)inconvenience n. 不便

inconvenient adj. 不方便的

[佳句背诵] Do let me know if it's convenient for you. I would appreciate it if you could give me an early reply.

如果你方便的话，请告诉我。如果您能早日给我答复，我将不胜感激。(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)

[名师点津] convenient作表语时，不可用人作主语，常用it作形式主语。

8. addict n.对……着迷的人

v t.使上瘾；使沉迷

[先做]——单句语法填空

①Her husband addicted himself(he) to smoking, which had a bad effect on his health.

②Hearing that her younger brother has become an addict who is addicted(addict) to the Internet, Annie is very concerned about him for his addiction(addict).

[后教]

(1)addict oneself to sth. 某人沉溺于某事

(2)addicted adj.有瘾的；上瘾的；入迷的

be/become addicted to... 对……入迷；对……上瘾

(3)addiction n. 瘾；入迷；嗜好

[佳句背诵] Learning that you are addicted to table tennis, I am writing to sincerely invite you to join the table tennis team in our school.

得知你对乒乓球很入迷，我写信诚邀你加入我们学校的乒乓球队。

背诵点书面表达之邀请信

9. aim n.目的，意图；瞄准

v i.力求达到；目的是；瞄准；针对

[先做]——单句语法填空/单句改错

①I am aiming to try(try) out for a talent show to prove that even a person with no arms is capable of playing the piano.

②It was a new production technique with the aim at minimizing wastage. at→of

[后教]

(1)achieve one's aim 实现目标

take aim at... 向……瞄准

with the aim of... 以……为目标；意在……

(2)aim to do sth. 意欲/旨在做某事

be aimed at 目的是，旨在

(3)aimless adj.无目的的；无目标的

aimlessly ad v.漫无目的地；无目标地

[佳句背诵] We will have an English drama competition, whose aim is to enrich our extracurricular activities.

＝We will have an English drama competition, the aim of which is to enrich our extracurricular activities.

我们将举办一次英语戏剧比赛，其目的是丰富我们的课外活动。

背诵点书面表达之通知

10. suffer v i.& v t.遭受(痛苦)

[先做]——单句语法填空

①The smiles on their faces have deeply touched me and inspired me to devote my life to helping those suffering(suffer) pains.

②People of the disaster area suffered a lot from the typhoon, and water and electricity were hard to get.

[后教]

(1)suffer a lot of pain 遭受巨大的痛苦

suffer severe damage 损失惨重

suffer from... 患……病；因……受苦

(2)suffering n. 苦恼；让人痛苦的事

sufferer n. 患难者；患病者

[佳句背诵] In these days of technological change we all suffer from information overload.

在这科技日新月异的时代，过多的信息使我们应接不暇。

11. reduce v t.减少；降低；缩小

[先做]——单句语法填空

①It was so foggy that the driver had to reduce the speed to forty kilometers an hour.

②With great effort, she has reduced her weight by five kilograms in the past 7 days.

③Recent years have seen an increase in activities for the reduction(reduce) of smog due to its harmful effects on both humans and the environment.

[后教]

(1)reduce...by... 把……减少了……

reduce...to... 把……减少到……；

把……变为某种状态

be reduced to 陷入某种境地(to为介词)

(2)reduction n. 降低；减少

[佳句背诵] One of the best ways to reduce stress is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.

缓解压力最好的方法之一是与你信任的人谈谈你的感受。

背诵点书面表达之建议信

12. typical adj.典型的；一贯的；平常的

[先做]——单句语法填空/单句改错

①(2020·江苏卷改编)The 10 people were chosen for the experiment because their lifestyles were typical of ordinary people.

②It is typical for him to fancy himself in spite of my advice. for→of

[后教]

(1)be typical of... 典型的……；……有代表性的

It's typical of sb. to do sth.(＝It's like sb. to do sth.)

某人一向如此做某事。

(2)typically ad v. 通常；一般；典型地

[佳句背诵] It's typical of our maths teacher to be very patient with us. Never have I seen her get angry because we can't understand what she says.我们的数学老师一贯对我们非常有耐心，我从来没有见她因为我们不理解她说的话而生气。(2020·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)

背诵点书面表达之人物介绍

13. inspire v t.鼓励；激励

[先做]——单句语法填空/单句改错

①(2022·全国甲卷)Inspired(inspire) by the Belt and Road Forum for Interactional Cooperation held in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as

a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.

②(译林选必一U4)These travelling experiences also nourished his love of nature and inspired him to write(write) numerous poems in the romantic style.

③For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been inspiration for Western creative.在inspiration前加an

[后教]

(1)inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事

inspire sb. with sth.＝inspire sth. in sb.

激起/引起某人……

(2)inspiration n. 激励；灵感；启示

inspired adj. 得到灵感的；

受到鼓舞的

inspiring adj. 激励的；启发灵感的；

鼓舞人心的

[佳句背诵] Every day, we are inspired by some people doing extraordinary things to improve the world.

每天，我们都受到一些人的鼓舞，这些人正在做非凡的事情来改善世界。

14. apply v i.申请；请求；对……适用

v t.应用；涂，敷；使专注于

[先做]——语段填空

①Alice applied to the international school in Africa for a job as an English teacher. She hoped she could apply what she learned in the university to the teaching career. To her delight, she was chosen from hundreds of applicants(apply) and now she is applying herself to teaching(teach) the students.

[后教]

(1)apply...to... 把……运用到……中；

把……涂到……上

apply to... 涉及……；适用于……

apply (to...) for... (向……)申请……

apply oneself to doing sth.集中精力于做某事

(2)applicant n. 申请人

application n. 申请；申请书；适用

[佳句背诵] I'd appreciate it if you could take my application into account at your convenience.

如果您能在方便的时候考虑我的申请，我将不胜感激。

背诵点书面表达之申请信

15. power n.能力；力量；权力；动力；电力

[先做]——单句语法填空/单句改错

①(译林必修三U3)The Internet has the power to connect(connect) people across the world to a single shared community.

②I'm terribly sorry that it's beyond my power to make a final decision on the project.

③(2022·北京卷)This five-year-old taught me a powerful(power) lesson in faith.

④I'm afraid it's not my power to get the work done in such a short time.在not 后加within/in

[后教]

(1)have the power to do sth. 有能力/权利做某事

(2)within/in one's power 在某人能力范围

之内

beyond/out of one's power 某人力所不能及

do everything/all in one's power (to do sth.)

尽力而为(做某事)

(3)powerful adj. 强大的；有权力的

[佳句背诵] It is said that this kind of battery can power an electric car for 600 miles on a single charge.

据说这种电池充电一次就能驱动一辆电动汽车行驶600英里。

16. responsible adj.负责的；有责任心的

[先做]——单句语法填空

①As a responsible person，I must shoulder my responsibility to help them responsibly．(responsible)

②(2022·全国乙卷)China has a responsibility(responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.

[后教]

(1)be responsible for... 对……负责

(2)responsibility n. 责任；义务

take responsibility for... 对……负责

a sense of responsibility 责任感

It is one's responsibility to do sth.做某事是某人的职责。

[佳句背诵] From my point of view, it's our responsibility to spread traditional Chinese culture to the world.

就我个人而言，向世界传播中国传统文化是我们的责任。

背诵点书面表达之传统文化

17. contribution n.贡献；捐款

[先做]——单句语法填空/单句改错

①The writer personally contributed ￡5，000 to the flood-stricken area and all his contributions(contribute) were gratefully received.

②Doing small things well contributes to build up our confidence and helping us meet bigger challenges in the future. build→building

[后教]

(1)make contributions/a contribution to...

对……做出贡献

(2)contribute v i.& v t. 捐献，捐赠；捐助；增加

contribute...to...把……捐献给……

contribute to 有助于；导致；投稿

[佳句背诵] The next day I went to the farm again and felt glad to make

contributions to the household.

第二天，我又去了农场，很高兴能为家里做点贡献。

(2021·浙江卷6月)

[联想发散] 表示“导致”的还有lead to、result in、cause、bring about、give rise to、generate等。

18. intend v t.计划，打算；想要

[先做]——单句语法填空

①(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)Intended(intend) to enrich students' school life, our program features the fun of English.

②(译林必修三U4)In the 1960s, many people were dying of malaria, and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended finding/to find(find) a cure for the disease.

[后教]

(1)intend doing/to do sth.打算做某事

intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事

had intended to do sth. 本来打算做某事

(2)intended adj. 为……打算(或设计)的

be intended to do.../for...专门为做……/为……设计

(3)intention n. 打算，目的，意图

with an/the intention of...抱有……的目的

[佳句背诵] Our program, “Talk and Talk”，is intended to share English learning methods and experience with students.

我们的“Talk and Talk”节目旨在与学生分享英语学习方法和经验。(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)

19. adapt v i.& v t.(使)适应；改编

[先做]——单句语法填空

①(2020·全国卷Ⅲ满分作文)I'm writing to ask for your guidance on a short play,

which is adapted(adapt) from one of our texts.

②Mike, Mary and I had a discussion about the adaptation(adapt) of the classic literature yesterday.

[后教]

(1)adapt (oneself) to (使自己)适应于

adapt sth. from... 根据……改编某物

be adapted for... 为……而改写/改编

(2)adaptable adj. 能适应的；可修改的

adaptation n. 适应；改编；改编本

[佳句背诵] Luckily, he managed to adapt to his new school life and soon made new friends.

幸运的是，他成功适应了新的学校生活，很快就交了新朋友。

[名师点津] 形近词辨析：

(1)adapt适应、改编→adopt采纳、收养；

(2)desert沙漠→dessert甜点；

(3)expect期待→expert专家；

(4)access接近→assess评估；

(5)aboard在船上→abroad在国外

20. moment n.片刻；瞬间；机遇

[先做]——单句语法填空/单句改错

①(2021·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)But like all performances, there are moments when things go wrong.

②But at the moment, school comes first. I don't want to get too absorbed in modeling.

③I'll be back after a moment, and if you need anything, just wave at me！after→in

[后教]

at the moment 此刻，目前，眼下，现在

for a moment 片刻，一会儿

in a moment 马上，过一会儿(常用于将来时)

the moment 一……就……(引导时间状语从句)

[佳句背诵] The boss is having a talk with some workers at the moment. But you can wait here for a moment. The talk will be over in a moment.

老板此时正在和一些工人谈话，但你可以稍等片刻，谈话马上就结束了。

21. look forward to盼望

[先做]——语段填空

①Looking(look) back on the past, I regretted I had wasted so much wonderful time. Fortunately, I decided to make a change and looked through many books about time management. Then I made a schedule to work hard, looking forward to making(make) progress in study. Finally, I became a successful man that was looked(look) up to by others.

[后教]

look back (on) 回忆，回顾

look out for 注意察看，留心

look down on/upon 轻视，瞧不起

look into 调查；向……里看

look through 浏览；温习

look up to 尊敬，敬仰

[佳句背诵] At last, I hope our friendship will last forever. Looking forward to your early reply.

最后，我希望我们的友谊能地久天长。期待您的早日回复。(2022·浙江卷1月满分作文)

[名师点津] look forward意为“向前看”时，其后所接动词不定式表示目的。

22. deal with处理；对付；安排；涉及；和……做生意；解决；与……打交道

[先做]——写出下列句中deal with的含义

①(2021·全国甲卷)Only a few choose to deal with the problem on their own.处理

②Most travel agents do not deal directly with these companies.和……做生意

③Her poems often deal with the subject of death.涉及

④She is used to dealing with all kinds of people in her job.与……打交道

[后教]

(1)deal in 做……生意；经营；买卖

(2)make a deal 达成协议；做成交易

It's a deal. 成交；一言为定。

(3)a great/good deal of 许多；大量(后接不可数名词)

a great/good deal 许多；大量(用作主语、宾语或状语)

[佳句背诵] Thanks to papermaking and printing, a great deal of ancient information has been kept in books.

多亏了造纸术和印刷术，大量的古代信息才得以保存在书籍中。

23. as well as也；既……又……；不但……而且……；和……一样好

[先做]——单句语法填空

①As well as having(have) difficulty adapting herself to the new school life, she found the culture difference was another challenge for her.

背诵点书面表达之学校生活

representatives was invited(invite) to deliver a speech at yesterday's coming-of-age ceremony.

③The deadline for the project is around the corner，so we may/might as well get some help.

[后教]

(1)as well as可以连接两个平行结构，连接并列主语时谓语动词与前面的主语一致；

(2)as well 意为“也、又、还”，常放在句子末尾，作为副词短语使用； (3)may/might as well do sth.意为“倒不如做某事；不妨做某事”。

[佳句背诵] There is solid evidence that we humans are not taking good care of the oceans, such as plastic pollution, oil leak, rising sea levels as well as extreme weathers.

有确凿的证据表明，我们人类没有好好爱护海洋，比如塑料污染、石油泄漏、海平面上升以及极端天气。(2022·全国甲卷满分作文)

背诵点

书面表达之环境保护

单元重点句型

1. find ＋宾语＋宾语补足语

(教材原句)You'll often find me sitting in front of my laptop. 你会经常发现我坐在笔记本电脑前面。 [先做]——单句语法填空/单句改错

①(2021·天津卷3月)Walking in the nature reserve, you'll find yourself attracted (attract) by the amazing scenery.

②You will certainly find the art exhibition very enjoyable (enjoy) and fall in love with the art.

③After I arrived in America, I found myself live in a completely strange foreign culture. live → living

[后教]

(1)find ＋宾语＋⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧动词­ing 形式

动词­ed 形式形容词

介词短语

(2)在“find ＋it ＋形容词/名词＋to do...”句型中，it 是形式宾语，to do...是真

正的宾语。

[佳句背诵] The twins found it delightful to prepare breakfast for their mother.

这对双胞胎觉得为母亲做早餐很愉快。(2021·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)

2. so that引导目的状语从句

(教材原句)I am always attentive in all classes and think actively, so that I can have more free time to do other things that I'm interested in after school.

我在所有课堂上总是专心听讲并积极思考，这样放学后我就有更多可支配的时间做我感兴趣的事情。

[先做]——一句多译(倡导和谐人际关系)

她给诺尔提供了一顿免费的饭和一张床，以便他能睡一夜好觉。

①She provided Noel a free meal and a bed so that he could get a good night's sleep．

②She provided Noel a free meal and a bed in order that he could get a good night's sleep．

[后教]

(1)so that引导目的状语从句，相当于in order that，从句中往往含有情态动词，如can、could、may、might等；

(2)so that也可以引导结果状语从句，此时从句中往往没有情态动词。

[佳句背诵] We should sort the garbage properly so that they can be treated easily and differently.

我们应该对垃圾进行适当的分类，这样它们就可以很容易地被区别对待。

背诵点书面表达之环境保护

3. 现在分词短语作伴随状语

(教材原句)After a long day, Zhang Tian finally got back to his small room, feeling tired.漫长的一天过后，张天疲惫不堪，终于回到了自己的小窝。

[先做]——单句语法填空/单句改错

①We collected all the money and papers at once, putting(put) them in the drawer.

②There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the

grassland, staring(stare) at the night sky.

③I have a very busy life with no time to sit around felt sorry for myself. felt→feeling

[后教]

feeling tired是v.-ing形式作伴随状语，表示伴随情况。

(1)v.-ing形式作状语除了表示伴随以外，还可表示时间、条件、原因、让步、结果和方式等；

(2)v.-ing形式除在句中作状语外，还可以作表语、定语、宾语补足语等。

[佳句背诵] He rose to his feet, crossed the room and hugged me tightly, crying without control.

他站起来，穿过房间，紧紧地拥抱我，不受控制地哭了起来。

4. 部分否定

(教材原句)However, not everything lived up to Zhang Tian's hopes.

但是，并不是每件事都像张天希望的那样。

[先做]——补全句子

①Not everyone can seize the chance(不是每个人都能抓住机会) when it appears before us.

②Tom asks Jack and Peter to go on a picnic with him, but neither of them wants to(他们两个都不想去), because they have work to do.

③I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with everything that you said(并非同意你讲的一切)．

[后教]

(1)当all、both、each(body/one/thing)、always、whole、entirely等具有总括意义的代词和副词与not连用时，构成部分否定，意为“不是……都；并非……都”；

(2)表示否定意义的词(组)(neither、none、nothing等)与肯定式谓语连用时，构成全部否定。

[佳句背诵] Our English teacher is excellent, but she can't help everyone in the class in 50 minutes.

我们的英语老师非常棒，但是她不可能在50分钟内帮助班里的每一位同学。