高中英语语法讲义——名词
高中英语语法讲义——名词
名词的数
单数名词变复数名词的常用法则
（1）一般情况直接加-s, 如：books, trees.
（2）以-s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾的加-es, 如：glasses, boxes, watches, brushes.
（3）以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词把-y改为-i再加-es. 如：stories, countries.
（4）以-o结尾的常在词尾加-s，但中学英语中下列名词要加-es, 它们是：黑人英雄
．．中吃土豆
．．、西．
．．．．在回声
红柿
．．，即Negroes, heroes, echoes, potatoes, tomatoes.
下列以-o结尾的名词既可加-es, 也可加-s,它们是：zeros (zeroes)零, mosquitos (mosquitoes)蚊子, volcanos (volcanoes) 火山。
（5）以-f或-fe结尾的名词变为复数时一般直接加-s，但下列名词需把f或fe去掉，加-ves，它们是：为
了自己
．．和一片树叶
．．上，把狼．劈成了两半．，即：selves, lives,
．．．．站在架子
．．手里拿着刀子
．．和他的妻子
．．活命．，小偷
thieves, wives, knives, loaves, leaves, shelves, wolves, halves.
但下列以-f结尾的名词既可变f为v后加-es，也可直接在f后加-s，它们是：handkerchiefs (handkerchieves)手帕，scarfs (scarves)围巾。
（6）合成名词变复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变为复数。如sons-in-law女婿；passers-by过路人；storytellers讲故事的人；housewives家庭主妇。（7）“man/ woman+ n.”变复数时，作定语的man/ woman和中心词都要变复数。
men teachers男老师women engineers女工程师
（8）不规则复数形式
①变内部元音
foot-feet man-men
woman-women tooth-teeth
mouse-mice goose-geese
gentleman-gentlemen
②单复数同形的名词
sheep deer spacecraft太空船
aircraft飞行器Chinese Japanese
Swiss瑞士人means方法
crossroads十字路口species种类
headquarters总部series连续
works工厂
③外来名词的复数形式
criterion-criteria标准
phenomenon-phenomena现象
analysis-analyses分析
basis-bases基础crisis-crises危机
thesis-theses论文
bacterium-bacteria细菌
medium-media媒体
④fish表示不同种类的鱼时，其复数为fishes，而表示同一种鱼时，其复数形式与单数形式相同。
There are many different fishes in this river.
I bought five fish today.
⑤penny当做便士的“价值”解时复数为pence，常与数词搭配来表示钱数：five pence；当做便士的
“个数”解时复数为pennies.
⑥people指“人”时是person的一种复数形式，指“名族”时其复数为peoples.
one person two people
a people two peoples
用所给词的适当形式填空
（1）He gained his _______ (wealthy) by printing _______(work) of famous writers.
（2）_______(leaf) turn green in spring.
名词的格
1.’s所有格及加-’s词尾的规则
主要用在有生命的名词后，但有时也可用在表示时间、自然现象、度量衡、价值、国家、城市等无生命的名词后面。
构成举例
单数名词和不以s结尾的复数名词通常在词尾加’s the boy’s bag the children’s rooms
以s结尾的复数名词在词尾加’the workers’ struggle工人们的斗争
复合名词中在最后一个词的词尾加’s her brother-in-law’s character她姐夫性格不定代词后加else, 在else后加’s Somebody else’s possessions别人的财产2. of所有格
用法举例
表示无生命的东西the window of the room
表示“有关，关于…” a story of love and hatred一个关于爱和恨的故事
表示同位关系the city of Pisa比萨市
表示部分或全部关系the bottom of the sea the majority of people
表示抽象概念the cost of living生活成本the news of success捷报
后跟含后置定语的名词或表示一类人或物的“the+形容词”形式the name of the boy crying under the tree
the housing problem of the poor穷人的住房问题
3. 双重所有格
构成与用法
构成：名词+of+名词+’s; 名词+of+名词性物主代词
例：this watch of my father’s
some students of mine
用法（1）：表示“其中之一”或“其中一部分”，突出局部。在of短语所修饰的名词前往往有一个表示数量的词。如：a、some、few、no…
例：a friend of Tom’s
any work of Zhang Yu’s
用法（2）：表示赞扬、批评或厌恶等感情色彩。一般of所修饰的名词前有一个指示代词。如：this、that、these、those等
例：I hated those words of Mary’s
I like this bike of my brother’s
用所给名词的适当形式填空
（3）The _______(girl) shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them to take them off before they got into_______ (Tom) car.
（4）Yesterday I was invited to the dinner at the _______(Turner).
答案：（1）wealth; works（2）Leaves（3）girl s’; Tom’s（4）Turners’
高频考点
要求学生掌握复习名词的构成，不可数名词、名词所有格及常见名词后缀。未来几年对于名词主要考查复数名词的构成、名词所有格及名词构词法。
在语法填空的此类转换考查中，要根据语境和设空前的修饰词去判断空格处是不是需要所给单词的名词形式，然后判断名词的单复数，做出正确回答。
名词练习（一）
1.One of the most effective ways to reduce______ (stressful) is to talk about feeling with someone you trust.
2.—Go and say sorry to your Mom, Dave .
—I’d like to,but I’m afraid she won’t be happy with my _________(apo logize ).
3.Some school will have to make _________(adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.
4.There is no need to tell me your answer now .Give it some _________(think) and then let me know .
5.When he was running after his brother ,the boy lost his _________and had a bad fall.
6.He gave himself a new name to hide his _________(identify) when he went carry out the secret task.
7.-----Why not buy a second-hand car first if you don’t have enough money for a new one ?
------That’s a good _________(suggest).
8. Her _________(motivate) for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.
9.Whenever I made mistakes ,the teacher pointed them out with _________(patient).
10.While she was in Paris ,she developed a_________(tasty) for fine art .
11.Your _________(perform) as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn.
12.—Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency?
---Well, you know, English is my _________(strong ). So it is my best choice.
13.You’d better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future _________(refer).
14.My first _________(impress ) of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man .
15.Giving up my job to go back to full-time education was a big _________(commit) ,but now I know it was the best decision I ever made .
16.Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional _________ (competent).
名词练习（二）
1.Nowadays,an increasing number museums are open to visitors free, However ,free _________(admit ) might lead to some social problems as well .
2.Old people still want to see classic performances ,but they are obviously not the young generation’s cup of _________.
3.Now that the banks are back on their feet ,we expect extraordinary _________(commit) from them to help rebuild the economy .
4.After three years of hard work ,his knowledge and _________(competent) were finally recognized in his school.
5.For sustainable development ,the government has decided to give _________(prefer) to those energy-conserving and environment-friendly businesses in many aspects .
6.—Mr.Wang is a man of few words, but quick in mind .
-----A still tongue makes a wise _________,you know .
7.Due to the _________(apply ) of this medical technology , some diseases can be treated at an early stage .
8.Zhangzhou City has gained a good _________(repute) for having successful hosted the Flower Expo.
9.The video, Under the Dome, has rapidly pushed the public _________(aware) about air pollution and encouraged people to join in efforts to make a difference.
10.After-living in Quanzhou for five years, she has developed quite an_________(affect ) for the city .
11.If a young man wants the _________(flexible) to move to different cities in future years ,he should keep renting instead of buying a house .
名词练习（三）
It was late at night.Two__1__(German) were sleeping in their room when suddenly，one of them，Mrs. Green，was woken up and found a thief slipping into their room to try his luck. She had three__2__(thousand) dollars in her pocket.“What should I do？Many__3__(thief) usually bring__4__(knife) with them，” she
thought in__5__(silent)．And at the same time the thief happened to touch a__6__(sport) suit. It seemed as if he found there was someone in the room，so he went out to the next room where two__7__(Frenchman) were sleeping. When he was looking for__8__(money) or some(jewel)__9__in the next room，Mrs. Green woke up
her husband quickly and called the__10__(policeman)．And then the thief knew what had happened. He was so scared that he took out a knife. Just then the police came up. Before the thief ran away，the police caught him.
For Mrs. Green，it was really an unusual experience.
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10
名词练习答案（一）
1.stress
2.apology/ apologies
3.adjustments
4.though
5.balance
6.identity
7.suggestion
8.motivation
9.patience 10.taste
11.performance 12.strength 13. reference 14.impression https://www.360docs.net/doc/1f459461.html,mitment
https://www.360docs.net/doc/1f459461.html,petence
名词练习答案（二）
1. admission
2.tea
3. commitment
4. competence
5. preference
6.head
7. application
8. reputation
9. awareness 10. affection 11. flexibility
名词练习答案（三）
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文。讲述了史密斯夫人晚上配合警方抓贼的故事。
1．解析：设空处前有数词two，故设空处需用名词复数形式。German的复数为Germans。答案：Germans 2．解析：诸如hundred，thousand，million，billion等名词，无论前面是one还是大于one的数词，都需要用单数形式。
答案：thousand
3．解析：由前面的many可知应用复数。thief的复数为thieves。答案：thieves
4．解析：knife是可数名词，由语境可知此处应用复数形式表泛指。knife的复数为knives。答案：knives 5．解析：介词后需用名词。in silence为固定词组，意为：静静地。答案：silence
6．解析：名词作定语时一般用单数形式，但下列名词需用复数形式，它们是：sports，customs(海关)，arms，clothes，sales。答案：sports
7．解析：Frenchman的复数为Frenchmen。答案：Frenchmen
8．解析：money为不可数名词。答案：money
9．解析：jewel的复数为jewels；jewelry为不可数名词，表示jewel的总称。答案：jewels/jewelry
10．解析：police可以表示“警方，警察部门”。call the police叫警察，报警。答案：police
高中英语语法讲义——名词
高中英语语法讲义——名词 名词的数 单数名词变复数名词的常用法则 （1）一般情况直接加-s, 如：books, trees. （2）以-s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾的加-es, 如：glasses, boxes, watches, brushes. （3）以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词把-y改为-i再加-es. 如：stories, countries. （4）以-o结尾的常在词尾加-s，但中学英语中下列名词要加-es, 它们是：黑人英雄 ．．中吃土豆 ．．、西． ．．．．在回声 红柿 ．．，即Negroes, heroes, echoes, potatoes, tomatoes. 下列以-o结尾的名词既可加-es, 也可加-s,它们是：zeros (zeroes)零, mosquitos (mosquitoes)蚊子, volcanos (volcanoes) 火山。 （5）以-f或-fe结尾的名词变为复数时一般直接加-s，但下列名词需把f或fe去掉，加-ves，它们是：为 了自己 ．．和一片树叶 ．．上，把狼．劈成了两半．，即：selves, lives, ．．．．站在架子 ．．手里拿着刀子 ．．和他的妻子 ．．活命．，小偷 thieves, wives, knives, loaves, leaves, shelves, wolves, halves. 但下列以-f结尾的名词既可变f为v后加-es，也可直接在f后加-s，它们是：handkerchiefs (handkerchieves)手帕，scarfs (scarves)围巾。 （6）合成名词变复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变为复数。如sons-in-law女婿；passers-by过路人；storytellers讲故事的人；housewives家庭主妇。（7）“man/ woman+ n.”变复数时，作定语的man/ woman和中心词都要变复数。 men teachers男老师women engineers女工程师 （8）不规则复数形式 ①变内部元音 foot-feet man-men woman-women tooth-teeth mouse-mice goose-geese gentleman-gentlemen ②单复数同形的名词 sheep deer spacecraft太空船 aircraft飞行器Chinese Japanese
最新高中英语语法-名词练习题
一、基础练习 1、There are only twelve ______in the hospital.． A. woman doctors B.women doctors C.women doctor D.woman doctor 2、Mr Smith has two _______, both of whom are teachers in a school.． A.brothers-in-law B.brother-in-laws C.brothers-in-laws D.brothers-in law 3、——How many ______ does a cow have——Four. A.stomaches B.stomach C.stomachs D.stomachies 4、Some______visited our school last Wednesday.． A.German B.Germen C.Germans D.Germens 5、The_______ of the building are covered with lots of . A.roofs; leaves B.rooves; leafs C.roof; leaf D.roofs; leafs 6、When the farmer returned home he found three_______ missing.． A.sheeps B.sheepes C.sheep D.sheepies 7、That was a fifty_______ engine.． A.horse power B.horses power C.horse powers D.horses powers 8、My father often gives me ______ A.many advice B.much advice C.a lot of advices D.a few advice 9、Mary broke a ______while she was washing up. A.tea cup B.a cup of tea C.tea’s cup D.cup teas 10、Can you give us some ______ about the writer?． https://www.360docs.net/doc/1f459461.html,rmations https://www.360docs.net/doc/1f459461.html,rmation C.piece of informations D.pieces information 11、I had a cup of _____and two pieces of_____ this morning. A.teas; bread B.teas; breads C.tea; breads D.tea; bread 12、As is known to us all, ______ travels much faster than ______. A.lights; sounds B.light; sound C.sound; light D.sounds; lights 13、She told him of all her ___ and ____ A.hope; fear B.hopes; fear C.hopes; fears D.hope; fears 14、The rising _____have(has) a lot of ____to the crops. A.water; harm B.water; harms C.waters; harm D.waters; harms 15、How far away is it from here to your school?”----About ______ . A.half an hour”s driv e B.half hours drives C.half an hour drives D.half an hour drive 16、The shirt isn”t mine. It”s _____ . A.Mrs Smith B.Mrs” Smith C.Mrs Smiths’ D.Mrs Smith”s 17、Miss Johnson is a friend of _______. A.Mary’s mother B.Mary’s mothers’ C.Mary mother’s D.Mary’s mother’s 18、Last week I called at my _____Last week I called at my _____. A.aunt B.aunts C.aunt’s D.auntes’ 19、The beach is a ______throw. A.stone B.stones C.stones’ D.stone’s 20、I can hardly imagine ____sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
高中英语语法大全
（1）表语从句 1．定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。 2．构成：关联词+简单句 3．引导表语从句的关联词的种类： (1) 从属连词that。如： The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。 (2) 从属连词whether, as, as if。如： He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。 The question is whether they will be able to help us. 问题是他们是否能帮我们。 注：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但as if却可引导表语从句，如： All this was over twenty years ago, but it's as if it was only yesterday. gh能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be, seem, look等。如： It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起来天要下雨了。 连接副词 where, when, how, why。 如：The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。 The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。 That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。 解释： 1．连词because可引导表语从句。如： I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想这是因为你做得太多。 2．在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should可省略。如： My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。（2）主语从句 1．定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。 2．构成：关联词+简单句 3．引导主语从句的关联词有三类： (1) 从属连词that。如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. 很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。 (2) 从属连词whether。如： Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。 (3) 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why。如： What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。 How this happened is not clear to anyone. 这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。 Whoever comes is welcome. 不论谁来都欢迎。 Wherever you are is my home ---- my only home. 你所在的任何地方就是我的家----我唯一的家。 解释： 1．主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有： A. It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that从句。如： It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。 It is probable that he told her everything. 很可能他把一切都告诉她了。 B. It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that
(word完整版)高中英语语法复习讲义+训练：动词(含答案),推荐文档
高考英语语法复习讲义——动词 动词 1) 表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。 2) 根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为四类，分别是：实义动词(Notional Verb)、系动词(Link Verb)、助动词(Auxiliary Verb)、情态动词(Modal Verb)。 说明： 有些情况下，有些动词是兼类词， 例如：We are having a meeting.我们正在开会。(having是实义动词。) He has gone to New York.他已去纽约。(has是助动词。) 3) 动词根据其后是否带有宾语，可分为两类，分别是：及物动词(Transitive Verb)、不及物动词(Intransitive Verb)，缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.。 说明： 同一动词有时可用作及物动词，有时可用作不及物动词。 例如：She can dance and sing. 她能唱歌又能跳舞。(sing在此用作不及物动词。) She can sing many English songs. 她能唱好多首英文歌曲。(sing用作及物动词。) 4) 根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制，可分两类，分别是：限定动词(Finite Verb)、非限定动词(Non-finite Verb) 例如：She sings very well. 她唱得很好。(sing受主语she的限制，故用第三人称单数形式sings。) She wants to learn English well. 她想学好英语。(to learn不受主语she的限制，没有词形变化，是非限定动词。 说明： 英语中共有三种非限定动词，分别是：动词不定式(Infinitive)、动名词(Gerund)、分词(Participle)。 5)根据动词的组成形式，可分为三类，分别是：单字词(One-Word Verb)、短语动词(Phrasal Verb)、动词短语(Verbal Phrase) 例如：The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases. 英语里有许多短语动词和动词短语。(contains是单字动词。)
高中英语语法名词练习题
一、基础练习 1、T h e r e a r e o n l y t w e l v e______i n t h e h o s p i t a l.． A. woman doctors B.women doctors C.women doctor D.woman doctor 2、Mr Smith has two _______, both of whom are teachers in a school.． A.brothers-in-law B.brother-in-laws C.brothers-in-laws D.brothers-in law 3、——How many ______ does a cow have——Four. A.stomaches B.stomach C.stomachs D.stomachies 4、Some______visited our school last Wednesday.． A.German B.Germen C.Germans D.Germens 5、The_______ of the building are covered with lots of . A.roofs; leaves B.rooves; leafs C.roof; leaf D.roofs; leafs 6、When the farmer returned home he found three_______ missing.． A.sheeps B.sheepes C.sheep D.sheepies 7、That was a fifty_______ engine.． A.horse power B.horses power C.horse powers D.horses powers 8、My father often gives me ______ A.many advice B.much advice C.a lot of advices D.a few advice 9、Mary broke a ______while she was washing up. A.tea cup B.a cup of tea C.tea’s cup D.cup teas 10、Can you give us some ______ about the writer?． https://www.360docs.net/doc/1f459461.html,rmations https://www.360docs.net/doc/1f459461.html,rmation C.piece of informations D.pieces information 11、I had a cup of _____and two pieces of_____ this morning. A.teas; bread B.teas; breads C.tea; breads D.tea; bread 12、As is known to us all, ______ travels much faster than ______. A.lights; sounds B.light; sound C.sound; light D.sounds; lights 13、She told him of all her ___ and ____ A.hope; fear B.hopes; fear C.hopes; fears D.hope; fears 14、The rising _____have(has) a lot of ____to the crops. A.water; harm B.water; harms C.waters; harm D.waters; harms 15、How far away is it from here to your school?”----About ______ . A.half an hour”s driv e B.half hours drives C.half an hour drives D.half an hour drive 16、The shirt isn”t mine. It”s _____ . A.Mrs Smith B.Mrs” Smith C.Mrs Smiths’ D.Mrs Smith”s 17、Miss Johnson is a friend of _______. A.Mary’s mother B.Mary’s mothers’ C.Mary mother’s D.Mary’s mother’s 18、Last week I called at my _____Last week I called at my _____. A.aunt B.aunts C.aunt’s D.auntes’ 19、The beach is a ______throw. A.stone B.stones C.stones’ D.stone’s 20、I can hardly imagine ____sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
高中英语新高考语法基础版一轮复习讲义(9)被动语态知识点整理总结(含练习与解析)
2021届高中英语新高考语法基础版一轮复习讲义（9） 被动语态知识点整理总结 被动语态是中高考经常考的语法之一，也是日常口语和写作中必不可少的句子形式，今天笔者就带大家一起来学习它。 01 被动语态的概念 所谓被动语态是相当于主动语态而言的。如果主语是动作的执行者，那么我们就称其为主动语态，反之，如果主语是动作的承受者或动作的对象，那我们就称其为被动语态。如： 主: Many people speak Chinese. 被: Chinese is spoken by many people. 02 被动语态的结构 被动语态由"be＋及物动词的过去分词"构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来。下面通过speak来说明常见时态的被动语态：一般现在时 am/is/are＋spoken 一般过去时 was/were＋spoken
一般将来时 will/shall be＋spoken 现在进行时 am/is/are being＋spoken 过去进行时 was/were being＋spoken 现在完成时 have/has been＋spoken 过去完成时 had been + spoken 03 被动语态的执行者 被动语态的执行者一般以by+人/物来引出。如果没有执行者或没必要说出执行者，则可以省略这部分。如： Some computers were stolen last night. 无法确定执行者，因此无by结构。 The glass was broken by Mike.
执行者是Mike，所以这里用by引出。 04 含有情态动词的被动语态 用“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”结构。 如： We can repair this watch in two days. This watch can be repaired in two days. 05 特殊情况主动变被动 make/let+sb+do变为被动要还原to。如： He made the boy work for two hours a day. The boy was made to work for two hours a day. 双宾语结构的物做被动语态主语时，后面要还原出介词。如：Jack gave Peter a present just now. A present was given to Peter just now. 巩固练习 1. The flowers were so lovely that they ______ in no time. A. sold B. had been sold
高中英语语法大全归纳总结-高中语法归纳总结
高中英语语法权威解析 目录: 第０１章名词性从句 第0２章“Iｔ”用法及其句型与固定搭配讲解 第03章高中英语语法中得省略现象 第04章主谓一致 第05章动词不定式 第06章倒装结构 第07章定语从句 第０8章被动语态 第09章祈使句 第10章感叹句 第１1章疑问句 第12章名词 第一章名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用得句子叫名词性从句(Ｎｏun Cｌaｕsｅs)。名词性从句得功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同得语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句与同位语从句、一. 主语从句 主语从句就是在复合句中充当主语得从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it 代替,而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语与ｉt引导强调句得比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要就是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句得连接词没有变化、而i ｔ引导得强调句则就是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调得就是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/ｗｈｏｍ、例如: ａ) It isａpitｙｔhaｔyoｕｄidn’t go ｔo seｅｔhｅｆilm.您不去瞧那场电影真可惜。 b) It doeｓn’tｉntereｓt me whethｅrｙou sｕｃceed or not、我对您成功与否不感兴趣、 c) Ｉｔisｉn thｅｍoｒnｉng thaｔｔｈe ｍurder took place. 谋杀案就是在早上发生得、(强调句型) d) Ｉt is Joｈn tｈat broke ｔｈeｗｉｎdow。就是Joｈn打碎得窗户。(强调句型) 2、用ｉt 作形式主语得结构 (1)It is + 名词＋从句 It is ａfaｃt tｈat…事实就是… Ｉt ｉs an honor ｔhat …非常荣幸 It ｉｓｃommon knowlｅdge ｔhat …就是常识 (2)Ｉt is + 形容词+从句 It is naturａl thａt…很自然… It ｉｓstrａｎｇe that…奇怪得就是…(3) It ｉｓ＋不及物动词+ 从句 Ｉｔｓｅems thａｔ…似乎… Ｉt ｈappeneｄthat…碰巧… Iｔappeaｒs that…似乎…
高考英语语法复习讲义：语法总结全集
语法总结全集 名词和主谓一致 一、名词的分类 英语中名词主要可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。 1．可数名词 可数名词一般都有单复数。单数时，名词前可加不定冠词a/an；复数时，前面可加数词，名词本身要改成复数形式。 可数名词的复数有规则和不规则两种变化。规则的名词，只要在单数名词之后加“s”，“es”或去“y”加“ies”就行，如：an umbrella, twelve umbrellas；a factory, three factories。不规则的名词变化则要靠积累记忆，如：a mouse, ten mice；a policeman, six policemen。 有少数可数名词，如sheep，works（工厂），Chinese等，它们的单复数同形：a sheep, four sheep；a chemical works, five chemical works。 此外，还有一些可数名词只有复数形式，如clothes，trousers，cattle，police，people(人，人民)等。 英语名词中还有一些合成词，它们的复数形式有三种可能：1）后面的部分变成复数形式：grown-ups，boy students，grandchildren。2）前面的部分变成复数形式：passers-by，lookers-on，sons-in-law。3）前、后都变成复数形式：men doctors，women drivers。 2．不可数名词 不可数名词没有单复数的变化，前面也不能加a/an，或数词。但是我们可以用量词来表示不可数名词的数量，单复数表现在量词上，如：a piece of paper；two pieces of paper。 在有些情况下，不可数名词也可用a/an，表“一种”、“某种”的意思，如have a wonderful time，receive a good education，be made into a fine paper。 有时为了表示量大，不可数名词的后面也可加“s”，如sands，ashes，waters等。 但是我们在学习不可数名词的时候，特别要记住英语中有一些名词，它们无论在什么情况下，前面都不能用a/an，后面也不可加“s”，如weather，information，等。 3．有的名词既可是可数名词，也可是不可数名词 英语中有相当一部分的名词，既可以是可数，也可以是不可数，它们的意义有时略有不同，有时则完全不同。如：difficulty, success, time, work，paper，glass，等。 4．用于表示可数与不可数名词的数量“多”“少”的常用词和词组 跟可数名词连用的如：few, a few, many。 跟不可数名词连用的如：little, a little, much。 可数与不可数都能用的是：a lot of , plenty of。 二、主谓一致 1．通常被看作单数的主语部分 1）不定式、动名词和主语从句。 eg.. To see is to believe. Seeing is believing. What he said was different from what he did. 2）表示“时间”“距离”“金钱数量”的名词。 eg. Twenty years is quite a long time. 10 kilometers doesn’t seem to be a long distance to Mira. 300 dollars is too much for this old coin.
高中英语语法总结大全-形容词和副词
高中英语语法大全之形容词和副词 形容词及其用法 形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常，可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。 1)直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：hot 热的。 2)叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid 害怕的。 （错）He is an ill man. （对）The man is ill. （错）She is an afraid girl. （对）The girl is afraid. 这类词还有：well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake 等。 3）形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时，要放在这些词之后，例如： something nice 以-ly结尾的形容词 1）大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。 改错：(错）She sang lovely. （错）He spoke to me very friendly. （对）Her singing was lovely. （对）He spoke to me in a very friendly way. 2）有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词。 daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early The Times is a daily paper. The Times is published daily. 用形容词表示类别和整体 1）某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接。如：the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry The poor are losing hope. 2）有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用。 the British，the English，the French，the Chinese. The English have wonderful sense of humor. 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序 多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为： 限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) --出处--材料性质，类别--名词 a small round table a tall gray building
高中英语语法讲义——定语从句
高中英语语法讲义-----定语从句 概念 1,定语：修饰限定人或物的成分。a cute girl , the pen on the desk . The boy sitting here is my student. The book bought yesterday is popular. 2,定语从句：修饰限定人或物的句子. The boy who is sitting here is my student. The book which was bought yesterday is popular 3,先行词：被定语从句修饰的人或物—the boy / the book. *注意词组---the old man under the tree(指人) 4，关系词：代替先行词引导定语从句的词（关系代词和关系副词）---who / which. I, who am 48, teach you English. 5,限定性定语从句：从句紧跟在先行词后译为一句话。 6,非限定性定语从句：主句从句逗号分开，译为两句话。既可对某个先行词也可对整个主句进行补充说明 （不用that）。 You have been admitted to a top university , which has made your parents excited. 限定性定语从句： 在从句中所做成分关系词 先行词指人：1，主语who/ that 2, 宾语whom/ who/ that/--- 3, 定语（某人的）+ n whose I have a friend. 1, He works in Wuhan.-----I have a friend who / that works in Wuhan. 2, I love him -----I have a friend ( whom/ who/ that ) I love. 3,His name is Ray.----I have a friend whose name is Ray. *当做介词宾语且和介词一起引导从句时：介词+ whom（人）/which （物）+从句。不能省略！ The girl is Lily. You talked with her.---The girl (whom/who/that) you talked with is Lily. ---The girl with whom you talked is Lily. 在从句中所做成分关系词 先行词指物1，主语which/ that 2, 宾语which / that / --- 3, 定语（某物的）+ n whose * whose + n = the+ n of which / of which the +n . 4，状语时间when =介词+ which 地点where= 介词+ which * 从句完整 the reason why = for which I have a flat . 1, It lies on the 5th floor.---I have a flat which / that lies on the 5th floor. 2, I bought it in 2006.----I have a flat (which / that) I bought in 2006. 3, Its door faces to the south.---I have a flat whose door(the door of which/ of which the door ) faces to the south. 4,We’ve lived in it for about 11 years---I have a flat (which / that)we’ve lived in for about 11 years. / in which we’ve lived for about 11years. / where we’ve lived for about 11 years.(we’ve lived为SVi完整) I’ll remember the day __when__ we had a good time together.(从句完整)
最新高中英语语法全套课件
1. 名词性从句考点 1、引导词 that 与 what；that 与 whether； if 与 whether；what 与 how等的区别； 2、名词性从句的时态和语序问题； 3、名词性从句的语气问题； 4、同位语从句与定语从句的比较区别。 3. I really appreciate _____ to relax with you on this nice island. 01 上海 A. to have had time B. having time C. to have time D. to having time B 仅带动名词作宾语的动词为：admit appreciate avoid delay enjoy escape excuse prevent finish imagine mind practise resist risk suggest stand forgive keep allow advise permit forbid 但如果在 allow advise permit forbid 后提到有关的人，就只能用 不定式作宾补。在动词 want, need, require, demand 等词后加动名词作宾语 时表示被动意义，相当于 to be done。 4. --- You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. --- Well, now I regret _____ that. 95 N A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done 5. --- Let me tell you something about the journalists. --- Don’t you remember _____ me the story yesterday? 99 上海 A. told B. telling C. to tell to have told 6. In some parts of London, missing a bus means _____ for another hour. 02 上海春季 A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting D B A 特别注意带不定式和动 名词作宾语时意义不同的动词： remember, forget, regret, try, go on, mean, miss, stop 7. How about the two of us ___ a walk down the garden?
高中英语语法-名词
名词 一、名词的分类：名词分为专有名词和普通名词。 1、专有名词：主要指人名，地方,机构或者某类人或者事物的名称。如：China, Li lei，Beijing; Americans; English; May; New Year’s Day 注意：专有名词的第一个字母要大写 2、普通名词：是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness 1）. Individual Nouns: 指作为个体而存在的人或东西 可以指具体的人或物。Eg: aunts; a panda; apartments 也可指抽象东西。Eg: a year; fairy tales; a dream 2.）Collective Nouns: 表示若干个个体组成的集合体 Eg: army; audience; crew; family; team; police; government; public 个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词（Countable Nouns），物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）。 常见的不可数名词：advice, baggage, change(零钱), furniture, hair, homework, information, knowledge, luggage, money, news, progress, traffic ，housework, equipment , absence, age, anger, courage, energy, equipment, experience, failure, fear, food, fun, health, ice, industry, kindness, labor, luck, marriage, music, nature, paper, peace, pleasure, power, pride, rain, research, respect, safety, salt, sand, silence, sleep, strength, snow, technology, time, trade, transport, travel, trust, truth, waste, water, wealth, weather, wind, work（工作）最常见的不可数名词 A. Abstract 抽象名词 advice 建议age 年老beauty 美丽capitalism 资本主义communism 共产主义democracy 民主energy 能源fun 乐趣happiness 幸福help 帮助honesty 诚实information 信息justice 正义kindness 善knowledge 知识laughter 笑声liberty 自由life 生命、生物、活力play 玩recreation
高中英语语法讲义——特殊句式
高中英语语法讲义————特殊句式 倒装句 通常句式为自然语序“主语+谓语”，有时为了强调句子的某一部分，或者出于词汇用法、语法结构或修辞上的需要，将这种比较固定的语序加以颠倒，就形成了倒装。分为完全倒装，部分倒装和形式倒装。 一.完全倒装：谓语动词完全置于主语之前，主语为名词不为代词，谓语不用进行时。 1.一些表示地点、时间或方位等的副词或介词短语。如：here, there, now, then, up, down ,in, out, away, off, in the room, on the wall等置于句首。 Down came the rain and up went the umbrella. Then followed three days of heavy rain. Out rushed the children laughing loudly. Away flew the plane. 2.such 位于句首。 Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th century’s greatest sci entist. 注：此句型中的such多被认为是表语，所以such后的be动词应与其后真正的主语保持一致。 Such are the facts; no one can deny them. 二．部分倒装：只把谓语的一部分（助动词，情态动词或be动词）置于主语之前 1.so+ be 动词/ 助动词/ 情态动词+主语，意为“...也是如此”。 They love making lots of friends; so do I. 2.neither/nor+ be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语，意为“...也不这样”。 Lily can’t ride a bicycle; neither/nor can Lucy. 3.否定词never, seldom, nor, not, little, hardly, scarcely等或表示否定意义的介词短语at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, by no means, on no condition 等置于句首时。 Not a single mistake did he make. =He di dn’t make a single mistake. 4.only 修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。 Only then did I begin to understand him. Only in this way can we solve the problem. Only if you work hard will you be admitted to a top university. 5.so...that...和such...that...句式中，so或such及其所修饰的部分置于句首时，主句用部分倒装。 So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood Such progress did he make that he won much respect. 三．形式倒装：在语法上称为前置。只把强调的内容提至句首，主谓并不倒装。 1.感叹句 What an interesting talk they had! =How interesting a talk they had! 2.the+比较级.....,the +比较级.....句型 The more you listen to English, the easier it becomes. 3.whatever+ n.或however+ adj./adv.引导的让步状语从句 Whatever reasons you have, you should carry out your promise. However difficult the problem may be, we must work it out this evening. 4,as / though引导让步状从，表语、状语、含情态动词的谓语提前，表语为单数名词提前不用冠词。 Young as /though he was, he was successful. Child as /though he is, he knows much.