2019届高考英语一轮复习 第二部分 语法专练 专题九 定语从句基础巩固 外研版
2019届高考英语一轮复习第二部分语法专练专题九定语从句基础巩固
外研版
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.(2017课标全国Ⅰ)Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, is not good for the health.
2.Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it.
3.(2015上海)I recently read an article about “nomophobia”, is a real illness people can’t suffer from the fear of being without your phone!
4.(2017河南豫南九校质量考评Ⅴ)No one had tried to understand what the real problem was except the headmaster, helped me out simply by listening and hugging.
5.I live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise.
6.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may be better.
7.The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere his employees enjoy their work.
8.(2015安徽)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon school education depends.
9.(2015福建)China Today attracts a worldwide readership, shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.
10.(2015陕西)As the smallest child of his family,Alex is always longing for the time he should be able to be independent.
11.English is a language shared by several diverse cultures,each of uses it differently.
12.A company profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.
13.We’ll reach the sales targets in a month we set at the beginning of the year.
14.The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication,especially at work a good impression is a must.
15.Students should involve themselves in community activities they can gain experience for growth.
16.I didn’t become a serious climber until the fifth grade, I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.
17.I am looking forward to the day my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.
18.Until now,we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children, is quite unexpected.
19.Among the many dangers sailors have to face,probably the greatest of all is fog.
20.We have launched another man-made satellite, is announced in today’s newspaper.
21.John invited about 40 people to his wedding,most of are family members.
22.Finally he reached a lonely island was completely cut off from the outside world.
23.The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those lives were affected.
24.The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, he remembers starting as early as his childhood.
25.Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, made one of the Chinese people’s long-held dreams come true.
26.Happiness and success often come to those are good at recognizing their own strengths.
27.(2017山西晋商四校联考)Finally, after four hours, they arrived at the campsite
their parents were waiting.
28.(2017河南八市重点高中10月质检)The sharks followed the warm currents may have changed northward during this period.
29. (2017江西九江一中月考) Las Vegas has many wonderful restaurants you can eat many different kinds of food.
30.Some of the teachers at the college asked Dr. Naismith to invent a game can be played indoors.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.(2017课标全国Ⅲ)Around me in the picture are the thi ngs they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.
2.(2017河南豫南九校质量考评Ⅴ) A blog will be opened on the website o f our school, that aims to help students to communicate better.
3.(2017山东临沂一模)First,you can gain more knowledge about history, that will enrich your life greatly.
4.(2017河南天一大联考Ⅳ)All of a sudden, a boy ran into him, making some food drop on his trousers, what I thought would make him annoyed with the boy.
5.I have an American friend, Marianne,she lives alone but has a pet dog, Sparky.
6.Then a man came in with his son, whom wanted to buy ice cream, too.
https://www.360docs.net/doc/2410031613.html,st Friday, our school organized us to a fire station, what we had expected for several days.
8.The only reason that a man would sell salt at a lower price would be that he was desperate for money.
9.We went to the Lincoln Memorial yesterday, when, not surprisingly, was crowded with visitors from all over the world.
10.It is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.
11.Tibet is a beautiful part of China, without whose our country would be incomplete.
12.Mr. White will come to the party on Sunday,when he promised to every one of us.
13.This is the small house less than 15 square meters,under which roof lives a large family of three generations.
14.Everyone has periods in their lives whose everything seems very hard.
15.I am very grateful to my high school teachers, without whom help I wouldn’t be so excellent.
16.What is known to us all is that the old scientist, for whose life was hard in the past, still works very hard in his eighties.
17.That unforgettable ball was the last happy moment that I enjoyed myself.
18.Tom tried to get out of the business,where he found impossible.
19.About 200 Chinese businessmen left for Europe yesterday, when they would sign a series of deals worth up to 15 billion U.S. dollars.
20.Women who drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those which don’t.
答案精解精析
Ⅰ.1.which第二个逗号后是非限制性定语从句,先行词是空前的to have too much of both,关系词在从句中作主语,故用which引导定语从句。
2.where 空前的garden是先行词,逗号之后为非限制性定语从句,关系词在从句中作地点状语,故用关系副词where作为引导词。
3.which 空格处之前的nomophobia(无手机恐惧症)为先行词,关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语,故空格处填which。
4.who 句意:除了校长外,没人努力弄明白真正的问题是什么。她只是通过倾听和拥抱就帮我从困境中解脱出来。设空处所引导的句子为非限制性定语从句。将先行词代入定语从句可知,先行词在定语从句中作主语,且先行词指“人”,故填who。
5.whose 句意:我隔壁住着一对夫妻,他们的孩子经常制造很多噪音。先行词为a couple,将先行词代入定语从句后可知关系词在定语从句中作定语,故答案为whose。
6.when 句意:我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周,那时天气可能会更好。先行词为next week,将先行词代入定语从句后可知关系词在定语从句中作时间状语,故答案为when。
7.where 句意:该公司的老板在努力营造一种轻松的氛围,在这种氛围中,他的员工们可以享受工作的
乐趣。先行词为atmosphere,将先行词代入定语从句后为:His employees enjoy their work in the easy atmosphere.由此可见关系词在定语从句中作地点状语,故答案为where。
8.which 句意:一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。先行词为skill,将先行词代入定语从句后为:School education depends upon the fundamental skill.由此可见关系词在定语从句中作介词upon的宾语;本句中介词upon已被提前,故答案为which。
9.which 句意:《今日中国》吸引了世界各地的读者,这表明世界上越来越多的人想了解中国。本题考查非限制性定语从句。先行词为设空处前的内容,关系词在定语从句中作主语,故答案为which。
10.when 句意:作为家里最小的孩子,Alex总是期盼着他能够独立的时候。先行词为time,将先行词代入定语从句后为:He should be able to be independent at the time.由此可见关系词在定语从句中作时间状语,故答案为when。
11.which 句意:英语是一种被好几种不同的文化都使用的语言,而且每一种文化使用它的方式不同。设空处前后两部分之间既没有并列连词也没有从属连词,故后面部分应为定语从句,又因为先行词是cultures,且关系词在定语从句中作介词of的宾语,所以填which。
12.whose 句意:从国内市场得到的利润正在下降的公司可以去国外寻找机会。本题考查定语从句。先行词为company,将先行词代入定语从句后为:The company’s profits from home markets are declining.由此可见关系词在定语从句中作定语,故填whose。
13.which/that 句意:一个月后我们将会达到年初所定的销售目标。在本句中,先行词是the sales targets,关系代词在定语从句中作set的宾语,所以填关系代词which/that。
14.where 句意:这本书对我的日常交流很有帮助,尤其是在工作单位。在那里良好的印象是必需的。at work(在工作单位)表地点,故用where引导定语从句并在从句中作地点状语。
15.where 句意:学生应该参加社区活动,他们从中能获得成长经验。将先行词community activities
代入定语从句后为:They can gain experience for growth from community activities.由此可知关系词在从句中作地点状语,故填where。
16.when 句意:我直到五年级才真正成为一个攀登者,那时,我爬到树上去拿一个被挂在树枝上的风筝。在本句中,先行词为the fifth grade,设空处在定语从句中作时间状语,故填when。
17.when 句意:我正期待着那一天的到来,那时我的女儿可以读这本书并且了解我对她的感情。在本句中,先行词为the day,关系词在从句中充当时间状语,故填when。
18.which 句意:到目前为止,我们已经为那些贫穷的孩子们筹款50,000英镑,这非常出乎(我们的)意料。根据句子结构可知设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是前面的内容,关系词在定语从句中作主语,所以填which。
19.which/that 句意:在海员们不得不面对的许多危险中,最大的危险很可能是雾。在本句中,先行词为dangers,将先行词代入定语从句后为:Sailors have to face the dangers.由此可见,关系词在定语从句中作face的宾语,且指“物”,故填which/that。
20.which 句意:我们又发射了一颗人造卫星,这件事是在今天的报纸上宣布的。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为前面的内容,关系词在定语从句中作主语,故用which引导。
21.whom 句意:约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼,他们当中绝大部分都是自家人。在定语从句中如果介词放在关系代词之前,且先行词是“人”时,从句中关系代词只能使用whom。
22.which/that 句意:他最后到了一座完全与外面世界隔绝的孤岛上。定语从句修饰的先行词是island,关系词在定语从句中作主语且指“物”,故用which 或that引导。
23.whose 句意:这本书从生活遭受地震影响的人们的视角讲述地震的故事。先行词在从句中和lives
是所属关系,故填whose。
24.which 句意:世界银行主席说他对中国有一种情结,他记得这种情结始于他的儿童时代。先行词是a passion for China,关系词在定语从句中作starting的宾语,要用关系代词,在非限制性定语从句中用which。
25.which 句意:莫言被授予2012年诺贝尔文学奖,这使得中国人长久以来拥有的梦想之一变成了现实。which 引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面整个主句。
26.who 句意:幸福和成功经常青睐那些善于发现自身长处的人。先行词为those,将先行词代入定语从句后为:Those are good at recognizing their own strengths.由此可见,关系词在定语从句中作主语,且指“人”,故用who。本题易误填that。当先行词是指人的不定代词,
如:one,ones,anyone,those,all,nobody等时,用who不用that。
27.where 句意:最后,在4个小时之后他们到达了营地,他们的父母正在那里等着他们。先行词为campsite,将先行词代入定语从句后可知先行词在定语从句中作地点状语,故填where。
28.that/which 句意:这些鲨鱼跟随着在这段时间可能已经改为向北的暖流。先行词为the warm currents,先行词指“物”,在定语从句中作主语,故填that或which。
29.where 句意:拉斯维加斯有很多很好的饭店,在那里你可以享用许多不同种类的食品。本题考查定语从句。先行词为restaurants,将先行词代入定语从句后为:You can eat many different kinds of food in the restaurants.由此可知,先行词在定语从句中作地点状语,故用where引导。
30.that/which 句意:那所大学的一些教师请奈史密斯博士发明一种可以在室内玩的游戏。先行词为a game,将先行词代入定语从句后可知先行词在定语从句中作主语,且先行词指“物”,故填that或which。
Ⅱ.1.they→which/that things为先行词,之后是定语从句,关系词在从句中作主语,因此应用which或that作为引导词,they改为which/that。
2.that→which句意:在我们校网站上将开辟一个博客,力求帮助学生更好地沟通。“that aims to help students to communicate better”为定语从句,先行词为逗号前面的内容,先行词在定语从句中作主语;根据定语从句前的逗号,可知该定语从句为非限制性定语从句,故将that改为which。
3.that→which句意:首先,你可以获得更多的历史知识,这可以极大地丰富你的生活。本题考查非限制性定语从句。逗号后为非限制性定语从句,先行词在非限制性定语从句中作主语,只能用which,不能用that。
4.what→which句意:突然一个男孩儿撞在了他的身上,把一些食物掉在了他的裤子上。我想这会使他对那个男孩儿恼怒。定语从句前有逗号隔开,故判断该定语从句为非限制性定语从句。先行词为前面的内容,先行词在非限制性定语从句中作主语,故用which而非what引导。
5.she→who句意:我有一位美国朋友Marianne,她独自生活却养了一条宠物狗Sparky。逗号不能连接两个句子,由此可见“she lives alone but has a pet dog, Sparky”应为定语从句,先行词Marianne 在定语从句中作主语,且先行词指“人”,故将she改为who。
6.whom→who句意:后来一个人带着他的儿子走了进来,他也想买冰激凌。“whom wanted to buy ice cream, too”为非限制性定语从句,先行词在定语从句中作主语,故用who而非whom。
7.what→which本题考查定语从句。先行词在定语从句中作宾语,且此处为非限制性定语从句,故将what改为which。
8.第一个that→why reason为先行词,关系词在从句中作原因状语,故用why引导定语从句。
9.when→which the Lincoln Memorial为先行词,第一个逗号之后为分隔式定语从句,关系词在从句中作主语,故用which作为引导词,when应改为which。
10.It→As先行词为逗号之后的内容,且关系词在从句中作主语,而定语从句位于句首时,只能用as引导。
【知识拓展】as引导非限制性定语时,可位于句首、句中或句尾,常有“正如,正像”之意,其常用结构为:as anybody can see;as we know;as is well known;as often happens;as is reported;as is often the case;as is mentioned above;as has been pointed out等。
11.whose→which句首的Tibet为先行词,逗号之后为非限制性定语从句,关系词在从句中作介词without的宾语,故whose错误,应改为which。
12.when→which逗号前的内容为先行词,关系词在非限制性定语从句中作宾语,故用which。
13.which→whose考查分隔式定语从句。the small house为先行词,关系词在从句中作roof的定语,故用关系代词whose。
14.whose→when先行词periods指时间,关系词在从句中作时间状语,故whose改为when。
15.whom→whose teachers为先行词,关系词在从句中作名词help的定语,故用关系代词whose。
16.whose→whom the old scientist为先行词,关系词在从句中作for的宾语,故whose改为 whom。
17.that→when先行词the last happy moment指时间,关系词在从句中作时间状语,故that改为关系副词when。
18.where→which先行词为逗号前的内容,关系词在从句中作found的宾语,故应用关系代词which引导定语从句,where应改为which。
19.when→where 考查分隔式定语从句。先行词为Europe,关系词在从句中作地点状语,故应用where。
20.which→who先行词those指人,且关系词在从句中作主语,故which错误,应改为who。
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高考英语专题定语从句知识点难题汇编及答案 一、选择题 1．Car races are recorded and uploaded to YouTube and other video platforms, ______________ they can be viewed repeatedly. A．which B．where C．when D．there 2．China Today attracts a worldwide readership, ________ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. A．who B．whom C．that D．which 3．Such a film ___________ was shown in the cinema yesterday is not suitable for children. A．as B．that C．which D．/ 4．Search engines search the Internet based on the key words you type in, and choose such web pages for you ________ contain the words you ask for. A．where B．who C．which D．as 5．The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those lives were affected A．whose B．that C．who D．which 6．They overcame some difficulties and completed the work ahead of time, ________ was something we had not expected. A．that B．which C．it D．what 7．My brother bought a telescope, ______ he could study the star in the night sky. A．of which B．through which C．in which D．on which 8．Companies should understand the risks _______ they are exposed and monitor their control environments adequately. A．on which B．in which C．to which D．with which 9．She brought with her three friends，none of ________ I had ever met before. A．them B．who C．whom D．these 10．We came to a place ______ they had never paid a visit before. A．in which B．to which C．what D．which 11．In China, “mythical creatures” is used to describe troublesome schoolchildren ________ behaviors drive their parents crazy. A．whose B．when C．who D．of whom 12．Try to be a responsible school by not allowing anyone to attend class, ________ has had a fever. A．who B．which C．as D．that 13．You were really between a rock and a hard place ______ you had to choose between your career and your relationship. A．when B．where C．before D．until 14．I'm glad to introduce Mr.Smith to you,without______my experiment would have ended in failure.
2019高考英语必备：定语从句的翻译技巧
2019高考英语必备：定语从句的翻译技巧 英语文章中较多地使用长句, 而汉语中短句居多。尤其在科技英语文 章中, 长句的理解就更加令人头疼。英译汉时, 因为思维方式和语言 表达上存有的文化差异, 如果总是按汉语的习惯原封不动地翻译原文 长句, 则译文必然生硬拗口、难以通畅。而英语长句之所以难以处理, 主要就是因为英语中的短语和从句都能够充当句子的不同成分, 而短 语往往不短, 且从句中又包含有从句。众所周知, 在各类从句中最复杂、最常见的一类从句是定语从句( at t ribut ive clause) 。这里,本人结合多年的翻译工作实践, 就定语从句在科技英语长难句中的译 法做些探讨。 1、长句的把握 在翻译一个长句时, 首先要把握好两点：一是对原文的准确理解, 二是恰如其分的表达。理解阶段既要能拟出全句的主要轮廓、辨请主 从结构、领会全句的要旨, 又要能找出句与句之间的从属关系, 理清 每句的意思。而表达阶段则可先将每个单句逐一翻译, 再将译出的句 子实行调整、组合, 对译文作最后的加工润色。要想完美地处理长句 是需要通过长期实践、灵活应用各种方法才能做到的。但就理解阶段 来说, 关键是针对从句的理解 2、定语从句的处理 定语从句之所以被认为是汉译中最难处理的一种从句, 原因有二：一方面, 汉语中作为修饰成分的定语, 习惯上一般放在所修饰词的前面, 而英语的定语从句一般总在所修饰的词之后, 向所修饰词的后面 扩展, 且往往形式多样、结构较长; 另一方面, 汉语的定语一般只起 着修饰和限制的作用, 而英语的定语从句则作用广泛, 除修饰和限制 作用以外, 还具有类似状语从句( 原因、结果、目的、条件、让步) 的功能。所以, 英汉定语在位置、语序、措辞及结构上的差异常常会 给理解和翻译造成困难, 翻译时就必须抓住本质, 恰当地实行处理。