(完整word版)高中英语语法—省略句

省略句

一、如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句的谓语含有be动词的某种形式

（am/is/are/was/were），可同时省略从句的主语和be动词的某种形式。

1、when，while引导的时间状语从句

e.g. Do be careful when (you are) crossing the street.

When/While (I was) on my way to work, I met her.

2、if，unless，once引导的条件状语从句

e.g. If (it is) properly treated, waste will do no harm to the environment.

I’ll not go to the party unless (I am) invited.

Once (you are) caught stealing in a supermarket, you will be punished.

3、though，although，whether，no matter whether/what/how/who等引导

的让步状语从句

e.g. He was happy, though/although (he was) poor.

Whether (she is) sick or well, she is always cheerful.

No matter how/However hard the task (is), we must fulfill it in time.

（注：从句的主语和主句的主语不一致时，只省略从句中的be动词形式）

4、as if，as though引导的方式状语从句

e.g. He rubbed his eyes and yawned as if/though (he was) waking up after a

long sleep.

He stood up as if/though (he wanted) to leave.（as if/though + to do表示一个将来的动作）

二、than，as引导的比较状语从句中的省略用法：当不同的主语进行比较时，

一般省略从句中的谓语；当从句中的主语与谓语（be动词除外）和主句中的主语与谓语相同时，通常省略从句中的主语和谓语，只保留比较部分。

e.g. He is taller than his brother (is).

I have as much as confidence in you as (I have confidence) in him.

三、以if从句为代表的状语从句中的特殊省略用法：通常省略了it is，that is，

there is/are。

e.g. If (it is) possible/necessary, this old temple will be rebuilt.

If (that is) so, I will call you back at 5:00 pm.

There are only a few books in our school library, if (there are) any.

Ⅱ、定语从句中的省略用法

关系词的省略关系代词that，which，whom等在限制性定语从句中充当宾语且不位于介词之后时，可以省略；in which或that在先行词way后作方式状语从句时可省略。

e.g. The man (that/who/whom) you visited last night is my grandpa.

I don’t like the way (in which/that) you treat the girl.

Ⅲ、虚拟语气中if及should的省略

1、当条件状语从句中有were，had，should等时省略if，把它们提至句首，形

成倒装句。

e.g. If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.

= Were I a teacher, I would be strict with my students.

2、Suggest，insist，order，require等表示建议、要求、命令的动词后接的名词

性从句中，谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。

e.g. The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose weight.

Ⅳ、不定式符号to的省略

1、感官动词see，hear，feel，watch等和使役动词have，make，let等后接不

定式作宾语时，不定式省略to。

2、do nothing but，can’t help but等结构常接省略to的不定式。

e.g. We didn’t do anything but stay at home watching TV yesterday.

Hearing the news, she couldn’t help but cry.

3、在特定语境中为了避免重复，当不定式再次出现时，在want，wish，hope，

try，plan，like，love，hate后往往只保留to，而省略后面的动词。但不定式后有be，have时，也保留be和have。

e.g. My parents encouraged me to go to college, but I didn’t want to.

Ⅴ、So和not的替代性省略

用于避免重复前面所说过的内容，替代词so/not替代肯定或否定的名词性从句。可与believe，do，expect，fear，guess，hope，say，speak，suppose，think，I’m afraid等连用

e.g. – Do you suppose he is going to attend the meeting? – I suppose not.

Ⅵ、日常交际中的省略

在情景会话中，答语常常省略不会引起歧义的主语、谓语或宾语部分，而只保留对方希望了解的内容。在复合句或并列句中，也有省略主、谓、宾的情况。

e.g. – How many copies do you want? -- (I want) Three copies, please.

-- Have you ever been to the Great Wall? -- No, (I have) never (been to the Great Wall).

随讲随练

1、—Lucy，could you please spare me a few minutes?

—____，but I hope "a few minutes" won't turn into a few hours.

A. It doesn't matter

B. That's kind of you

C. I'm afraid not

D. I guess so

2、—Hey，taxi!

—_____

—I want to go to the dentist's.

A. Good morning, sir.

B. Nice to see you, sir.

C. Where to, sir?

D. What are you going to do, sir?

3、The doctor expresses his strong desire that the patient _____ immediately.

A. be operated on

B. operated on

C. was operated on

D. would be operated on

4、When he came back, he found the bag he had ____ over the seat was gone.

A. left to hang

B. left hanging

C. left hung

D. to leave hanging

5、Liu Xiang spoke slowly to the Special Olympic competitors so as to have them____.

A. understand him

B. to be understood

C. be understood

D. to understand him

6、—Are there any English story books for us students in the library?

—There are only a few, ____.

A. if any

B. if have

C. if some

D. if has

7、Francis, ____born in Kentucky, lived and practiced law in Missouri.

A. was

B. he was

C. although

D. but

8、—Does Betty know where her violin is?

—She saw somebody walking off with one, but she doesn't know____.

A. whose

B. it

C. whom

D. which

9、—Aren't you the manager?

—No, and I ____.

A. don't want

B. don't want to

C. don't want to be

D. don't

10、—How are you getting on with your work?

—Oh, I'm sorry. Things aren't going so well as____.

A. plans

B. planning

C. planned

D. to plan

11、—What's the matter with you?

—I didn't pass the test, but I still____.

A. hope so

B. hope to

C. hope it

D. hope that

12、The doctor did what he could ___ the boy, but in vain.

A. save

B. to save

C. saving

D. saved

13、—You look happy today, Mary.

—I like my new dress and Mother ___, too.

A. likes

B. does

C. is

D. do

14、—What happened to the boy? He was making so much noise.

—He wanted to play football, but his mother warned him ____.

A. not

B. to

C. not to

D./

15、____ for your brother, I would not have gone to see Mr. Wang.

A. If it is not

B. Were it not

C. Had it not been

D. If they were not

参考答案：1-5 DCABA 6-10 ACACC 11-15 BBBCC

高一英语语法专项训练练习及答案

专题一名词、介词和数词 1．The_________is just around the corner and you won’t miss it． A．bicycle’s shop B．bicycle shop C．bicycles shop D．bicycles’shop 2．Rose was wild with joy________the result of the examination． A．to B．at C．by D．as 3．________people in the world are sending information by E-mail every-day． A．Several million B．Many millions C．Several millions D．Many million 4．This is not a match．We’re playing chess just for________． A．habit B．hobby C．fun D．game 5．No matter what you do，you should put your________into it． A．mind B．heart C．brain D．thought 6．There are usually at least two________of looking at every question． A．means B．directions C．views D．ways 7．My chest________when I make a deep breath，doctor． A．harms B．wounds C．hurts D．injures 8．The home improvements have taken what little there is________my spare time． A．from B．in C．of D．at 9．Luckily，the bullet narrowly missed the captain________an inch． A．by B．at C．to D．from 10．To regain their________after an exhausting game，the players lay in the grass． A．force B．energy C．power D．health 11．According to the recent research，heavy coffee drinking and heart attack is not necessarily________and effect． A．reason B．impact C．fact D．cause 12．Every new________has the possibility of making or losing money． A．event B．venture C．adventure D．expedition 13．The conference has been held to discuss the effects of tourism________the wildlife in the area． A．in B．off C．at D．with 14．The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took________pictures of them． A．many of B．masses of C．the number of D．a large amount of 15．“I don’t think it's my________that the TV blew up．I just turned it on，that’s a11．”said the boy． A．error B．mistake C．fault D．duty 16．One of the consequences of our planet’s being warming up is a(n) ________in the number of natural disasters． A．result B．account C．reason D．increase 17. Life is tough in the city．In order to lose their________，some people drink alcohol． A．temper B．mood C．consciousness D．pressures 18．I don’t mind picking up your things from the store．________，the walk will do! me good． A．Sooner or later B．Still C．In time D．Besides 19．The accident is reported to have occurred _______the first Sunday in February． A．at B．on C．in D．to 20．________two exams to worry about，I have to work really hard this weekend． A．With B．Besides C．As for D．Because of 21．He got to the station early，________missing his train．． A．in case of B．instead of C．for fear of D．in search of 22． I feel that one of my main duties________a teacher is to help the students to be．

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① 主语与前句相同，表赞同，译为“确实如此”。如： — Mike studies hard. 迈克学习很刻苦。 — So he does. 确实是。 ② 表示前句内容也适用于另外的人或事，前句如果列举了两种事实以上，用“so it is/was with sb./sth.”回答。如： — Tom is kind and often helps those in trouble. 汤姆很友好，经常帮助处于困境中的人。 — So it is with his father. 他父亲也是。 (5) 使用as/though进行倒装时注意： ①句首有名词，名词不能带任何冠词。如：Child as he is, he can tell right from wrong. 尽管他是个孩子，却能够明辨是非。 ②句首是实义动词时，其他助动词则放在主语之后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，则宾语和状语随实义动词一起放在主语之前。如： Try hard as he will, he never seems to be able to do the work satisfactorily. 虽然他尽力了，但他的工作总做得不尽如人意。 (6) not until位于句首的倒装结构中，如果是复合句，只有主句用倒装，从句不用。如： Not until he loses his health will he give up smoking. 他直到失去健康才会戒烟。二、省略句高考命题导向：省略是一种避免重复，保持简洁的语法手段。缺少一个或一个以上的必要语言成分，但在一定语境中能够独立存在，意义明确，并且能发挥交际功能的句子叫作省略句。高考主要是考查省略在固定结构中的运用。省略句用法一览表：

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高中英语语法专项.练习题含答案

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