工商管理专业英语答案
工商管理专业英语答案
【篇一：工商管理专业英语(郑琦,华东师范大学出版社)
课后习题及翻译】
翻译
contingent dynamic conflict compromise interdependent reliancepopularitysufficientinsightsgeneralizememoirsclassic management sciencebehavioralintegrate sole
1、the managers described their own experiences and tried
to (generalize) the principles they believed could be applied in similar situations.
管理人员描述了自己的经历和试图推广的原则，他们认为可以应用
在类似的情况下。
2、even today ,a great deal of what we know about management comes from the autobiographies and （memoirs）of men and women who are or have been practicing managers.
甚至在今天, 我们所了解的管理学也都出自于那些管理人员的自传和
论文集。
3、according to the text ,the three well-established
approaches to management thought are the (classical) approach ,which focuses on the task of managing work and organizations ;the (behavioral) approach ,which focuses on the task of managing people;and the (management
science)approach,which focus on the task of production and operations.
根据本文，管理思想中有三个行之有效的方法，分别是古典方法、
行为方法和管理学科学方法，其中古典方法专注于管理工作和组织
的任务,行为方法专注于管理人的任务，管理学科学方法专注于生产
和运营的任务。
4、during the last 30 years or so ,there have been attempts to (integrate) the three approaches to management —
classical ,behavioral ,and management science .
在过去的30年中,人们试图将古典的、行为的和科学的管理方法融
合为一个整体。
5、the contingency approach ,stresses that the correctness of
a managerial practice is (contingent) on how it fits the particular situation in which it is applied .
权变方法，强调管理实践的正确性取决于它是否适合特定的应用情况。
6、in solving problems ,managers using the systems approach must view the organization as a (dynamic) whole and must try to anticipate the intended as well as unintended impacts of their decisions .
在使用系统方法解决问题时,管理者必须把组织作为一个动态的整体,必须设法预测影响他们决定的预期因素和意外因素。
7、the age-old confrontation between the production objective of low costs and the marketing objective of a broad product line is a good example of the interrelated nature of management problems .each objectives (conflicts) with the other .
在低成本的生产目标与拓宽生产线的营销目标之间由来已久的冲突是一个管理学问题内在联系的好例子。每个目标之间都存在冲突。 8、the objectives of individual parts must be (compromised) to meet the objectives of the entire
firm .
各个部分的目标必须让步于整个公司的目标。
9、the systems approach forces managers to recognize that organizations are systems made up of (interdependent) parts and that a change in one part affects other parts .
系统方法将迫使管理者认识到组织由相互依存的部分组成,一个部分的变化会影响其他部分。
10、the contingency approach has grown in (popularity) over the last two decades because
research has found that ,given certain characteristics of a job and certain characteristics of people doing the job ,specific management practices tend to work better than others .
在过去的二十年中，权变方法变得越来越普及,因为研究发现,了解一个工作的某些特点和做这项工作的人的某些特征,具体管理实践往往比其他人工作地更好。
11、managers around the globe use more of a contingency approach to survive .sole (reliance) on a classical or behavioral or a management science approach is not
(sufficient) for organizations. 经理在全球范围内使用的应急方法才能生存。仅仅依赖古典的、行为的或者科学的管理方法对于一个组织来说是不够的。
12、both the systems approach and the contingency approach can provide valuable insights and complement the classical ,behavioral ,and management science approaches .系统方法和权变方法可以为古典的、行为的和科学的管理方法提供宝贵的见解和补充。
【篇二：《工商管理专业英语》翻译汇总】agement began early in the 20th century when classical
theorists,economists,and industrial engineers offered a classical approach to increase the
productivity of individuals and organizations.
2. 例如一种管理理论for example ,a management theory that emphasizes employee satisfaction
may be more helpful in dealing with a high employee turnover than with delays in production.
3. 甚至在今天even today ,a great deal of what we know about management comes from the
autobiographies and memoirs of men and women who are or have been practicing managers.
4. 尽管这些办法although these approaches evolved in historical sequence ,later ideas have
always replaced early ones.
5. 在过去的30年during the last 30 years or so ,there have been attempts to integrate the three
approaches to management—classical,behavioral,and management science.
6. 在这种情况下in this situation ,a compromise is necessary for the overall syetem to achieve
its objective.
7. 例如严格的计划for example ,rigid plans,clearly defined jobs,antocratic leadership ,and tight
controls have at times resulted in high productivity and satisfied workers.
8. 换言之in other words,the contingency approach seeks match different situations with
different management methods.
9. 当然富有远见of cause ,having a vision is no guarantee of success.
10. 通常一份任务a mission statement often focus on the market and customers that the
company serves.
11. 这些管理人员these managers are the strategists who develop the plans that guide the
organization toward its goals.
12. 与其他人的沟通all the skills required to communicate with other people ,work effectively
with them , motive them ,and lead them are interpersonal skills.
13. 为了把梦想变成in order to transform vision to
reality ,managers must define specific goals
and objectives.
14. 最好的企业目标the best
organizational ,measurable ,relevant ,challenging ,attainable ,a nd
time limited.
15. 折扣的发生a allowance occurs when a customer is not satisfied with a purchase for some
reason.
16. 企业在计算these refunds and price reductions must be considered when the firm computers
its net sales figure for the period.
17. 一系列这样的a series of these statement is a valuable tool for directing and controlling the
business.
18. 商人们谈及businesspeople commonly use accounting terms when talking about
costs ,prices ,and profit.
19. 一份损益表the basic components of an operating statement are sales ,costs ,and profit or
loss.
20. 零售商们正在寻求retailers are searching for new marketing strategies to attract and hold
customers.
21. 零售商们必须对retailers must decide on three major product variables :product
assortment ,services mix ,and store atmosphere.
22. 多数零售商不能too many retailers fail to define their target markets and positions clearly.
23. 零售商的价格a retailer’s price policy is a crucial positioning factor and must be decided in
relation to its target market , its product and service assortment ,and its competition
24. 零售商使用retailers use the normal promotion tools—advertising ,personal selling ,sales
promotion ,and public relations—to reach consumers.
25. 零售商必须确定the retailers must determine both the product assortment’s width and its
depth.
26. 制定正确价格the first step in setting the right price is to establish pricing goals.
27. 对于产品和服务the basic ,long-term pricing framework for
a good or service should be a
logical extension of the pricing objectives.
28. 因此，在销售thus ,changing a pricing strategy can require dramatic alternations in the
marketing mix.
29. 低价格可以获取the low price designed to capture a large share of a substantial market ,
resulting in lower production costs.
30. 当生产由于技术managers may follow a skimming strategy when production cannot be
expanded rapidly because of technological
difficulties ,shortages ,or constraints imposed by
the skill and time required to produce a product.
31. 低价格可以吸引low price can draw additional buyers to enter the market.
32. 广告的基本功能the most basic function of advertising is to identify products and
differentiate them from others.
33. 为了提高销售额to increase their sales or profit,companies develop marketing strategy by
using various marketing elements.
34. 广告的另一个功能another function of advertising to induce consumers to try new products
and to suggest reuse.
35. 广告涉及到通过advertising involves presenting the message,usually through the mass
media,to a large group of people know as target audience.
36. 通过同时向许多人by informing many people at once about available products and
services,advertising greatly reduces the costs and higher profits,can ease the task of personal
selling.
37. 广告的定义有许多the definitions of advertising are many
and varied.
38. 广告是产品和服务advertising is a very important tool that enables competitors to enter the
market place.
39. 市场营销组合是由the marketing mix includes a set of elements known as four ps and they
are under the heading of product,price,place and promotion.
1.the three ( t )
2.in solving ( f )
3.in order words ( t )
4.the systems ( t )
5.managers
around ( t ) 6.it seeks ( f ) 7.between the ( f ) 8.management is ( t ) 9.to meet ( f )
10.in order to ( t )11.as the ( t ) 12.a starting ( f ) 13.technical skills ( f ) 14.and using
( f ) 15.an operating ( f ) https://www.360docs.net/doc/3919211209.html,ually, however ( t ) 17.an allowance ( f ) 18.all this ( t )
19.today, national ( t ) 20.they see ( f ) 21.most retailers ( t ) 22.for all ( t ) https://www.360docs.net/doc/3919211209.html,rge
retailers ( f )24.small retailers ( t ) 25.a good ( t ) 26.a profit ( f )
27.theoretically ( t )
28. a successful ( f ) 29.as a product ( t ) 30.a company’s ( t )
31.advertising is ( t )
32.advertising can ( f )33.the first ( t ) 34.the freedom ( t )
35.advertising itself ( t )
36.all advertising ( f ) 37.all forms of ( t ) 38.advertising has ( f )
1. 古典方法classical approach to management
2. 管理学行为方法 behavioral
approach to management3. 管理学科学方法 management science
approach4. （管理学）权变情境方法 contingency or situational approach to management
1. 远见，洞察力 vision
2. 任务表述 mission statement
3. 长期目标 goal
1. 短期目标 objective
2. 管理结构 management pyramid
3.高层管理者 top managers
1. 战略目标strategic goals
2. 中层管理着 middle managers
3.战术目标 tactical
objectives1.一线管理者 first-line managers2. 损益表 operating statement
1. 销售总额 gross sales2 价格折扣 allowance 3 净利润 net profit
1. 目标市场 target market
2.市场定位 market positioning
1. 中间商品牌 private brand or middleman brand
2.价格策略price strategy
1. 撇指定价 price skimming
2. 渗透定价 penetration pricing
1. 基础价格 base price2 促销活动 promotion campaign3.目标受众 target audience
1. 促销组合 promotional mix
2.品牌忠诚 brand loyalty
1.the managers described their ( generalize ) 管理者描述他们自己的管理经验，还尝试
去概括他们认为可以被运用到相似情形中的那些准则。
1、2.even today , a great deal of( memoirs ) 甚至在今天，我们所了解的管理学业都出
自于那些管理人员的自传和论文集。
2、3.according to the text , ( classical ) ( behavioral )
( management science) 根据本文，管理思
想形成的三个重要方法是：古典方法，它着重工作和组织的管理；行为方法，它着重于对于
人员的管理；管理学科学方法，它着重于生产和经营的管理工作。
3、4. during the last 30 years or ( integrate ) 在过去的30年中，人们试图把古典的、行为
的和科学的管理方法融为一体。
4、5. the contingency approach ( contingent ) 权变方法强调：管理活动的正确性取决于
它怎样适应它所被用于的特殊环境。
5、6. in solving problems , ( dynamic ) 为了解决问题，管理者运用那些系统方法时
必须把组织看成一个不断变化的整体，而且还必须预料到他们所做决定而产生的有意和无意
的影响。
6、7. the age-old confrontation between ( conflicts ) 那由来已久的低生产成本的目标和
一个较宽产品线的市场目标之间的矛盾是管理学问题内在联系性的一个很好的例子。两个目
标之间相互冲突。
7、8. the objectives of individual parts must be
( compromised ) 组织内各个部门的目标必
须和组织整体目标相一致。
9. the systems approach forces managers ( interdependent ) 系统的方法迫使管理者认识到
组织是由相互依存的部门构成的整体系统，一个部门的变化会影响到其他部门。
10. the contingency approach has grown in ( popularity ) 权变理论在过去的二十年中变得
非常流行。因为有研究发现，给定一个有确定特点的工作和一个有确定特点的做这项工作的
人。那些具体的管理实践要比其他方法更好的发挥作用。
11. managers around the globe use more of( reliance ) 全球的管理者不仅仅只用权变理论
为他们服务。单单只依靠古典的或科学的管理方法对组织来说是不够的。
12. both the systems approach and the ( insights ) 系统管理方法和权变理论都可以提供
有价值的洞察力，而且还能够补足古典的，行为的和科学的管理方法的不足。
13. in today’s innovative and competitive ( strive ) 在今天不断
革新的、充满竞争的商业环
境中。那些努力预见并阐述未来的公司，常常会比那些只对现状做
出反应的公司更有优势。
14. communication , or exchanging information ( pervasive )
交流或者是交换信息，是管理者运用的最重要的和最具渗透性的，
人与人之间的管理技巧
15. management ( entails ) planning管理伴随着计划、组织、协调、领导和控制资源（土地，劳动力，资本，信息）以期有效达到
那些目标。
16. first-line managers need particularly strong ( automotive )
一线管理者需要特别强的技术技能，因为他们直接用特殊专业的工
具和技术进行工作，例如，自动化生产设备或电脑程序，因为他们
管理其他的技术工人
17. to accomplish this , middle managers( tactical ) 为了达到这个，中层管理者制定战术目标，它侧重于部门间的问题，也阐释了
要达到组织目标的必要结果。
18. hey ford envisioned making ( affordable ) 亨利.福特想象制
造对每个人来说都负担得起的交通工具
19. encouraging employee to work together( fostering ) 鼓励员
工向着共同目标协同工作，与员工和其他管理者之间的相互作用，
同合作者及供应商洽谈，发展员工的信任和忠诚，促进创造革新，
所有这些活动都需要人际技能。
20. they also build a network ( peers ) 他们同样也建立一个同老板、同事和员工之间的关系网络。
21. the challenges of management( conform ) 管理的挑战包括：维持组织结构，制定长期和短期计划，鼓励员工，和控制质量-----一
项怎样使产品和服务更加贴近预期标准和顾客期望的措施。
22. as a result , they generally( analogues ) 结果，它们通常不能
够按照任何已制定的步骤和规则而被制定，即使是类似情况，相似
的经历，或相同感觉提供的一些指导。
23. the company gives a price reduction( invoice ) 公司给予一
个价格的优惠在最初的发货清单上，但是消费者仍然享有商品和服务。
24. therefore , all reductions , ( refunds ) 因此，所有的优惠、退款、交易的取消。还有诸如退货和价格折让等所有款项都从最初的
总销售额中减去，得到净销售额。
25. opening and closing ( inventory )打开和关闭库存数据是可用的,它期间花费的金额为购买转售的货品
26. now let’s define the meaning ( skeleton ) 现在我们来定义损
益表构架中各个条目的意义。
27. gross ( margin ) (gross profit) is the销售总利润是包含销售
费用和经营费用的钱。
28. they emphasize ( clarity ) and ( readability ) 他们强调清晰
性和可读性而不是细节。
29. many companies use ( financial ) 很多公司使用比这个表更少
细节条目的资金流量表。
30. however , there is always some customer ( dissatisfaction ) 但是，总有一些顾客不满意或只是抱怨那些在货物整理和运送中的
错误
31. really , we’re only ( revenue ) 真的，我们只对公司没法保持的
税收感兴趣。
32. an ( allowance ) occurs when折扣的发生时是因为消费者处于某些原因而对所购商品不满
33. on some occasions , ( storewide ) 有些情况下，他们经营整
家商店的销售。
34. or the retailer can offer ( overstock ) 或者零售商，可以提供
令人惊喜的商品。就像它提供的限时抢购，过多存货和大拍卖一样
多种多样的惊喜。
35. should the store focus on ( upscale ) 商店应该侧重于高层消
费者、中等消费者还是底层消费者。
36. most retailers seek either ( markups ) 许多零售商想要高价
格低消费或低价格高消费量。
37. every store has a “feel”; ( cluttered ) 每个商店都有一种感觉，有点杂乱，有的迷人，有
的豪华，有点暗淡。
38. on others , they plan ( markdown ) 另一方面，他们对滞销
品采用削价策略。
39. for all there reasons ( rethinking ) 由于这些原因，今天许多
零售商都在重新考虑他们的市场策略。
40. in any city , a shopper( assortment ) 在任何一个城市，一个
消费者可以找到许多商品，但是差别不大
41. a bank should be quiet( flashy ) 银行就应该是安静的，结实的，平静的，而夜店就应该是俗艳的，大声的，摇动的。
42. the store’s atmosphere ( arsenal ) 商店的氛围是关于它的产
品供应的另一个因素
43. a profit ( maximization ) objective may一个利润最大化的目标，可能需要一个比公司可以提供的或想提供的更大的初始投资
44. theoretically , total revenue is( elasticity ) 理论上，总收入是
一个关于价格和需求量的函数，需求量对取决于价格弹性
45. thus , changing a price strategy( alternations ) 因此，在销
售组合中改变定价策略往往需要有戏剧性的变化
46. the pill allows patients to ( deterioration ) 这药物可以使病人
避免年复一年身体恶化的痛苦并能有正常的生活
47. firms can also effectively use ( breakthrough ) 公司可以有
效的运用撇脂策略当产品被合法保护，当产品代表着一想技术突破
或者当它有其他方法阻碍竞争者进入市场的情况下
48. as long as demand is greater ( attainable ) 由于需求大于供给，所以撇脂是一项可行的策略
49. skimming lets a company start( gradually ) 撇脂策略使一个
公司，以一个小的生产设备开始，当价格下降或需求上升时在扩大
生产规模
50. another problem wita penetration( prestige ) 另一个关于渗
透定价策略的问题是一个有影响的品牌运用渗透定价增加市场份额，然而失败。
51. a penetration strategy tends ( price-sensitive market ) 渗透
定价策略在一个价格不稳定市场可能会达到很好的效果。当需求是
弹性的时候，价格会下降的更快。因为市场可以通过一个低价策略
而被扩大
52. penetration pricing is at the ( spectrum ) 渗透定价策略在一
系列定价策略的底部和撇脂相对应。渗透定价意味着对一个产品制
定一个相对较低的价格，用这种方法来扩大市场。
53. advertising is directed to ( nonpersonal ) 广告能够直接到达很多人，有着非人员的本质。
54. one of the functions of advertising ( preference ) 广告的作用之一是建立偏好和忠诚。
55. advertising involves presenting( audience ) 广告涉及到通过大众传播媒介向被称为目标受众的一大群人展示信息
56. general motors or panasonic ( sponsor ) 通用、松下是广告赞助商，因此它们应支付它们产品广告的费用
57. some advertising even ( flyer ) 有些广告甚至通过挂在我们门上或放在购物中心汽车雨刷下的传单来到达我们
58. advertising is the ( communication ) 广告是通常支付的非个人的信息沟通并且通常有说服力的、通过各种媒体的赞助商确定产品的性质有关
59. advertising is sponsors( campaign ) 广告赞助商们通过使用固定的和一致的促销活动来帮助建立品牌忠诚
60. candler has printed ( coupon ) cuudlor印制并分发了数以千计的折扣券、提供给
【篇三：工商管理专业英语】
>一．名词解释：
1.what is a manager?
答：a manager is a person who plans,organizes,directs,and controls the allocation of human ,material,financial,and information resources in pursuit of the organization’s goals.
2.what is the difference between middle managers and first-line managers?
答：the heavier emphasis onmanaging group performance and allocating resources represent the most important differences between first-line ang middle managers.
3.how can you characterize top-managers’ work?
答：top managers spend most of their day(over 75 percent) planning and leading.pressures and demands on top managers can be intense.
4.what is the one of natural outcomes of outsourcing?
答：modular corporations come into being.
二．选词填空
1.adrian was in charge of theallocation of available funds.
2.our firm is orientedtowards the export side of the business.
3.the on-time delivery of goods is required in the contract.
4.thegraphic displays will be heloful to illustrate the increase of the output.
6.keeping the accounts is part and parcel of my job.
7.the ceo and other high-level executives are often referred to as top management.
8.the tasks that managers do include
planning,organizing,leading,andcontrolling the work of an organization.
9.functional managers supervise employees having expertise in one area,such as
accounting,humaesources,sales,finance,marketing,or production.
10.general managers areresponsiblefor the operations of a more complex unit,such as a company or a division.
11.he carried out a number offraudson trusting people who lent him money..
12.he would not havesucceeded in such a risky business if he had not been such a clever entrepreneur.
13.they could not tell the commcnding officer from his subordinates.
14.the two old rivals vie for the frist place.
15.some people cannot be trusted to work wihout supervision.
16.half of the medical supplies have already beenallocated to the victims of the earthquake.
17.can youdifferentiatethis kind of rose from the others?
18.the factory haslaid offworkers because of the drop in sales.
19.they were blame for their failure to hold downexpenditure.
20.the companyhas slashed the costs of the project in order to seize the last chance to survive.
21.the company is trying todiversify its range of products so that they can get more market shares.
22.mr. black realized that his company was in dire straits and it went beyond him to deal with the whole situation.
23.tom, my next door neighbor, isexemptform military service because of his poor health.
24.with the economic environment improved , his company’s sale in that area is getting less susceptible to the crisis.
25.mr.white declared that he was notliable for his partner’s debts.
26.the employees sued their manager for breach of contract.
27.if we cannot keep on holding the edge in the services, we’ll lose our share in market.
28.nowadays, the manufacturing industry cannotmake do without services.
29.to merge or not to merge—that’s the question. the board of the company hasdeferred the decision to do it.
30.a country’sinfrastructureservices must develop with its economic growth because no advanced society can be without these services.
31.
三．翻译
英译汉：
1.sometimes, though, a first-line manager is a recent college graduate who is responsible for the work of both hourly employees and professionals. such a first-line manager is likely to have little hands-on experience. lack of experience isn’t a problem if the new manager is willing to learn and has the competence to communicate with diverse types of people , to coach and counsel subordinates, and to provide constructive constructive feedback. 答;然而有时一个第一线经理是新来的大学毕业生，负责管理计时雇员和专业人员的工作。这样的第一线经理可能很少有亲身的经验。缺少经验不一定是麻烦，但这要求新经理乐于学习，并且有能力和不同类型的人打交道，培训和指导下属，并提供建设性的反馈。
汉译英
1. 社团community
2.首席执行官chief executive officer
3.常务董事managing director
4.流行价格
prevailing price5.监督员supervisor6.市场份额market share7.计算机程序员computer programmer8.管理能力managerial competency9.保险业务员insurance agent10.资源配置allocation of resources11.新闻广播员newscaster12.任务小组task force13.销售合作人sales associate14.收入，税收
revenue15.管理，管理人员management16.工作框架work setting17.电话营销中心telemarketing center18.顾客投诉customer complaint19.业绩评价标准evaluation criteria for
performance20.具体运作计划specific operational plans21.分派权力与责任delegate authority and responsibility22.协调进度与
资源coordinate schedules and resources23.商务合作人business associate24.财务崩溃financial debacle25.刺激业务增长spur the growth of the business26.监督现场工作supervise on-site work27.生物芯片混合了计算机技术和生物科学，是通过新网络企业创造的最令人兴奋的产品中的一种。利用计算机能力的优
越来处理大量的信息，生物芯片被开发用来扫描人的基因构成和分
析与各种基因转换疾病相关的风险。biochips, which blend company technology with biological science, are among the most exciting products being created through new network organizations. taking advantage of a computer’s ability to process massive amounts of information, biochips are being developed to scan people’s genetic makeups and analyze risks associated with various genetically transmitted diseases.
店零售non-store retail sales49.商品直销the direct sales of the merchandise50.
纵向整合vertical integration51.目标销售catalog sales52.年销售额annual sales 53.零售贸易retail trades54.（备有）现货products available
55.consumers are more and more knowledgeabledemanding better value and service.(消费者越来越会买东西)
56.retailing is becoming a high-tech business.(正在变成一种高科技企业)
58.retail managers must make complex decisions in selecting target markets, locating stores, determining what merchandise and service to offer.(选择目标市场，确定店址，决定提供何种商品和服务)
59.dell computer views direct-mail retailing skills as the key to its success.(把直接邮购零售技术视为其成功的关键)
四、判断正误
1、a manageris a person who plans,organizes,directs,and controls the allocation of human ,material,financial,and information resources in pursuit of the manager’s individual goals. (f)
2.while achieving the organizational goals, managers must perform moretasks by themselves. (f)
3.effective managers must pay attention to what goes on both inside and outside their organizations.(t)
4.the job of managers is to help the organizations achieve specific goals,but usually they do not create any goals.(f)
5.in a small orgain ,nization,there is usually only one level of management. as an organization grows, more levels of management are needed.(t)
6.middle managers receive broad, general strategies and policies from top managers and translate them into specific goals and plans for first-line managers to implement.(t)
7.top managers are responsible for directing and cooedinating the activities of first-line managers and middle managers.(f)
8.middle managers spend more time on planning and organizing than first-line managers.(f) 9，a wholesaler is the final business in a distribution channel that links manufactureers with consumers.(f)
10.breaking bulk is to keep inventory so that products will be available when consumers want them.(f)
11,vertical integration means that a firm preforms only one level of activity but organizing the other firms in the disyribution channel.(f)
12.retailing is one of the nation’s largest induetries in terms of employment.(t)
13.relationship-oriented leaders are more effective when the situation is highly unfavourable.(f)
14.the set of formal tasks and formal reporting relationship provides a framework for horizon control of the organization .(f) 15.unity of command means that each employee is held accountable to not only one supervisor.(f)
16.staff authority means that people in management positions have formal authority to direct and control immediate subordinates.(f)
17.decentralization means that decision authority it located near the top of the organization.(f)
第六章
选词
1. as top manager of the company,if you do not assign line-managers’responsibility to the plan,you will reach no goal.
2.theinspector was interested in ereythingpertaining to quality appraisal.
3.one of the most important points to make achievements in business is toenergize front-line workers.
目标管理management by objectives 一次性计划a single-use plan 常备计划a standing plan 应变计划a contingency plan企业目标corporate goals 计划时间范围planning time horizon业绩评估系统performance appraisal system应急预算emergency budget灵活性与适应性flexibility and adaptability安全认定系统system of safety recognition基层部门监督者line supervisor表彰信a letter of commendation
英译
第七章
填词
the subordinates refused tocomplywith the manager’s demand because it’s not a t all practical。
a good manager is person who can harness individual talents to a common end。
no one can make the business go smooth only by issuingorders。
an unbroken line of authority that links all individuals in the organization and specifies who reports to whom is named as chain of command。
delegation is the process managers use to transfer authority and responsibility to positions below them in the hierarchy。 tall structure is a kind of management structer characterized by an overall narrow span of management and a relatively large number of hierarchical levels。
flat structer is a management structure characteriged by an overall broad span of control and relatively sew hierarchical levels。
formalization is the written documentation used to direct and control employees。
英译汉
deploy resources有效的使用资源hierarchical levels层级span of managers’ control经理的管理职权范围effective coordination 有效的协调vertical control of the organization组织机构的纵向管理an automobile assembly line 汽车组装(流水)线 chain of command指令链delegate authority分权meet customers’
needs满足消费者的需求line department 业务部门staff department职能部门issue orders发布命令
第八章
填词
subordinates should have some say in the management of the business。
the employees in jack’s company have regular access to the boss to air their opinions。
participatory democracy is something that subordinates enjoy in management decision-making。
英译汉
position power 职位权利 legitimate power法理权利 reward power奖赏权利 coercive power惩罚权利 personal power个性化权利 expert power专业技能权利 referent power禀性相关权利charismatic leadership个人魅力型领导 autocratic leader独断/专断型领导democratic leader民主型领导authoritarian management极权型管理centralizeauthority集权
第十四章
汉译英
1市场营销组合marketing mix 市场细分研究segmentation research 市场导向marketing orientation目标市
场target marketing描述功能descriptive function诊断功能diagnostic function预测功能predictive function生产导向活动production-oriented exercises前控管理proactive management 后控管理reactive management市场信息反馈过程marketing intelligence feedback process市场营销系统marketing system 1. if they want their business to run well , managers should develop a long-run marketing strategy。（制定长期
市场营销策略）
2. some organization haven’t conducted much marketing research ，which causes them lose the market share。
（失去市场份额）
3. heavy coupon users are most likely to redeem the coupons.（用赠券兑换产品）
4. the companies who increase their market share are those who are really understand and meet consumers’
need.(了解并满足消费者需求)
5. it makes much difference for a firm to improve the bottom line.(改善盈利状况)
填词
1. three years ago ，the board of directors made that decision to computerize the whole company including all
the branches。and now this is paying dividend
2. the marketing research enables the firm to make their promotion more efficient and their consumers more
acquainted with the brands ，retail outlets , etc.
3. as ceo, mr. smith always ignores the side issues and addresses himself to the main problems in
management。
4. mr. carter always takes a pragmatic approach to problems . that’s the very reason why he was appointed to
the post of sales director.
判断
1. market research is the primary tool for exploring new opportunities in the marketplace.(t)
2. to describe the historic ales trend and consumers’ attitudes toward a product and its advertising is the
diagnostic function of marketing research.(f)
3. few organization will prosper in today’s environment without a focus on quality，continual improvement，
and customer satisfaction.(t)
4. steady customers are hard to serve because they understand the modus operandi and make fewer demands
on employees’ time.(f)
5. applied research hopes to provide further confirmation to an existing theory or to learn more about a
concept or phenomenon.（f）
第十五章
汉译英
人力资源管理human resource management竞争优势competitive advantage员工投诉系统employee grievance system达到企业目标meet the organization’s objective全权负责have sole responsibility for 业绩评估体系performance appraisal system招聘与筛选recruitment and selection灵活工作
时间制flexible scheduling成本有效性cost effectiveness 成本领先战略cost leadership strategy 产品差别化product differentiation 岗位培训on-the-job training 纪律执行程序disciplinary procedures 激励计划incentive plan
填词
1. an hr professional plays a role in establishing nrm procedures,developing|choosing hrm methods,
monitoring|evaluating hrm practices and advising|assisting managers on hrm-related matters.
2. an organization must gain and maintain an edge over its competitor in order to succeed.
3. line manager might do something like interviewing job applicants,recommending salary increases and
settling grievance issues.
4. product differentiation occurs when
a firm produces a product or service is preferred by buyers.出
师表
两汉：诸葛亮
先帝创业未半而中道崩殂，今天下三分，益州疲弊，此诚危急存亡之秋也。然侍卫之臣不懈于内，忠志之士忘身于外者，盖追先帝之殊遇，欲报之于陛下也。诚宜开张圣听，以光先帝遗德，恢弘志士之气，不宜妄自菲薄，引喻失义，以塞忠谏之路也。
宫中府中，俱为一体；陟罚臧否，不宜异同。若有作奸犯科及为忠善者，宜付有司论其刑赏，以昭陛下平明之理；不宜偏私，使内外异法也。
侍中、侍郎郭攸之、费祎、董允等，此皆良实，志虑忠纯，是以先帝简拔以遗陛下：愚以为宫中之事，事无大小，悉以咨之，然后施行，必能裨补阙漏，有所广益。
将军向宠，性行淑均，晓畅军事，试用于昔日，先帝称之曰“能”，是以众议举宠为督：愚以为营中
之事，悉以咨之，必能使行阵和睦，优劣得所。
亲贤臣，远小人，此先汉所以兴隆也；亲小人，远贤臣，此后汉所以倾颓也。先帝在时，每与臣论此事，未尝不叹息痛恨于桓、灵也。侍中、尚书、长史、参军，此悉贞良死节之臣，愿陛下亲之、信之，则汉室之隆，可计日而待也。
臣本布衣，躬耕于南阳，苟全性命于乱世，不求闻达于诸侯。先帝不以臣卑鄙，猥自枉屈，三顾臣于草庐之中，咨臣以当世之事，由是感激，遂许先帝以驱驰。后值倾覆，受任于败军之际，奉命于危难之间，尔来二十有一年矣。
2019-2020年电大考试学位英语试题题库及答案
工商管理专业《学位英语》重点考试试题及详解 学位外语考试试题 一、语音题(每空1分,共10分) 01、notice ['n?utis] A. stomachs ['st?m?ks] B. houses ['hauziz] C. mouths [mauθ] D. reasonable ['ri:z?n?bl] 02、winkle ['wi?kl] A. windy ['windi]B. drink [dri?k]C. footprint ['futprint]D. interesting [??ntr?st??] 03、shook [?uk]A. shoot [?u:t] B. food [fu:d]C. shoe [?u:] D. wood [wud] 04、occasionally [?'kei??n?li]A. population [p?pju'lei??n]B. Russian['rn]C. question ['kwest??n] D. television ['teli,vi??n]05、pressure ['pre??] A. directly ['direkli] B. oxygen '?ksid??n] C. absence['?bs?ns] D. camera ['k?m?r?] 06、float [fl?ut]A. flower ['flau?] B. brown [braun] C. hometown ['h??mta?n] D. bellows ['bel?uz] 07、bulletin ['bulitin] A. bury ['beri] B. Prussian ['prn] C. bullet['bulit] D.
工商管理学位英语(8套卷子)参考答案和解析
模拟试题（一）参考答案及分析 Part I 1.C 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.D 7.D 8.A 9.D 10.B Part II Section A 11. D [注释] b uy v.买coin v.铸币；创造 purchase v.购买manufacture v.制造；加工 [句意] 这个手表是手工制造的，不是机器制造的，所以很昂贵。 12. C [注释] d iffer v.使不同recognize v.认出 distinguish v.区别defeat v.击败；战胜 [句意] 这两匹马看起来这么像以至于我都无法区分了。 13. D [注释] f ailure n.失败fashion n.时尚 process n.过程crisis n.危机 [句意] 在政治危机期间，这个公司的董事长非常镇定。 14. C [注释] occasion n. 情况vain adj.徒劳 moisture n.湿度deck n.装饰 [句意] 湿度通常是摄像机镜头的主要敌人。 15. C [注释] dash v.猛击；冲撞cell n.细胞 crew n.全体船员gay n.同性恋者 [句意] 在60个小时的努力挣扎后，全体船员离开了船。 16. C [注释] insect n. 昆虫；卑鄙的人human n.人类 inhabitant n.居民；居住者flight v. 迁徙 [句意] 在我们去北京的路上，我们参观了西安，一个两百万居民的城市，并在那呆了两天。 17. C [注释] gathers v.聚集hire v.雇佣 discharge v.排放escape v.逃跑 [句意] 空气污染的主要原因之一是许多汽车向空气排放那个烟雾。 18. A [注释] cable v.打电报cage v.把关进笼子 border n.边界；国界bay n.海湾。 [句意] 不要忘记打电报告诉我们,你们已经安全到达了。 19. D [注释] signal n.信号call n.电话；摄影 clue n. 线索hint n.暗示；线索 [句意] 她给了他一个暗示，她不能来他的宴会了。 20. A [注释] freeze v.冻结；结冰freezing adj.冰冻的 sink n.下沉；消沉seek v.寻找
工商管理专业英语答案
工商管理专业英语答案 【篇一：工商管理专业英语(郑琦,华东师范大学出版社) 课后习题及翻译】 翻译 contingent dynamic conflict compromise interdependent reliancepopularitysufficientinsightsgeneralizememoirsclassic management sciencebehavioralintegrate sole 1、the managers described their own experiences and tried to (generalize) the principles they believed could be applied in similar situations. 管理人员描述了自己的经历和试图推广的原则，他们认为可以应用 在类似的情况下。 2、even today ,a great deal of what we know about management comes from the autobiographies and （memoirs）of men and women who are or have been practicing managers. 甚至在今天, 我们所了解的管理学也都出自于那些管理人员的自传和 论文集。 3、according to the text ,the three well-established approaches to management thought are the (classical) approach ,which focuses on the task of managing work and organizations ;the (behavioral) approach ,which focuses on the task of managing people;and the (management science)approach,which focus on the task of production and operations. 根据本文，管理思想中有三个行之有效的方法，分别是古典方法、 行为方法和管理学科学方法，其中古典方法专注于管理工作和组织 的任务,行为方法专注于管理人的任务，管理学科学方法专注于生产 和运营的任务。 4、during the last 30 years or so ,there have been attempts to (integrate) the three approaches to management — classical ,behavioral ,and management science . 在过去的30年中,人们试图将古典的、行为的和科学的管理方法融 合为一个整体。
工商管理的英语考试范围
英语复习资料 一、英译汉 1、In other words, without knowledge of A-Ma, nobody can claim an understanding of Macao. 换句话说，一个人对妈祖一无所知，那么他也就谈不上了解澳门。 2、On that location, the fishermen who had journeyed on one of the junks built a temple, in honor of the divinity. 在那个地方，同行渔船上的渔民们修建了以圣女命名的庙宇。 3、By 2020, this silent dawn could be occurring almost anywhere in the world. 到2020年，世界各地的森林在黎明时分几乎都会出现这种寂静。 4、There is some hopeful news, however, as a few organizations, and governments are taking action. 然而，鉴于一些机构和政府正在对环境采取保护措施，人们感到还有希望。 5、My breathing is beginning to falter and I concentrate completely on my rhythm. 我的呼吸开始急促，我全神贯注地按着自己的节奏爬行。 6、Just before sunrise next morning we climb the last few meters to the summit. 第二天日出前，我们爬行到达山顶的最后几十米的路程。 二、汉译英 1、保卫国家是每个公民的神圣职责。 The protection of the country is the sacred duty of every citizen. 2、我想和你分住这个房间。 I’d like to share the room with you. 3、如果我们认为那样不公平，我们就会大胆地说出来。 If we thought that was unfair, we would speak up.
工商管理英语课后习题答案汇总
回答问题汇总(U1A-U6A) Are all corporations publicly held? Can you give some examples? 17 Define “line function. 60 For America, why is business both a means of livelihood and a focus of one’s life at the same time? 1 How do you determine the value of a business? 71 How do you determine who should be hired and who should not be hired? 46 How do you make a decision among mutually exclusive projects? 76 How does advertising differ from personal selling? 67 How does the function of job analysis differ from that of human resource planning? 36 How is base compensation system? 40 How is NPV calculated? 74 How might job analysis increase organizational effectiveness and efficiency? 35 How should sales representatives view customers? 58 How to do a job advertisement? 44 How to make a good compensation system? 41 Is profit maximization the primary goal of a business? Why? 70 Is the supply and demand issue the only concern of pricing decisions? Why? 64 Is there a best legal system? Give an example if you think there is, and explain why if you think there is not.13 Usually who are involved in strategic decision making process? 27 What are the “4Ps” in marketing activities? 62 What are the advantages of Sole Proprietorship? 14 What are the components of compensation? 39 What are the differences between a limited partner and a general partner? 15 What are the differences between civil law and criminal law? 12 What are the differences between finance accounting? 9 What are the factors that affect the optimal capital structure? 79 What are the five eras of marketing identified by Perreault and McCarthy? 50 What are the five eras of marketing identified by Perreault and McCarthy? 55 What are the five key functions of business? 7 What are the main responsibilities of a financial manager? 51 What are the main responsibilities of a financial manager? 69 What are the major factor affecting successful strategies? 20 What are the six steps in strategic management? 19 What are the stages of changing function of Human Resource Management? 32 What are the steps in human resource planning? 37 What are the theoretical frameworks of strategic management? 21 What are the traditional activities in promotion? 65 What are the two kinds of sales promotions? 68 What are the two primary methods of financial forecasting? 72 What does “place” mean in “4Ps”? 63 What does common lay emphasize? 11 What does validity mean? 48
2023年工商管理学位英语考试模拟题阅读理解题
工商管理学位英语考试模拟题—阅读理解题 1. The English have the reputation of being very different from all other nationalities. It is claimed that living on an island separated from the rest of Europe has much to do with it. Whatever the reasons, it may be fairly stated that the Englishman has developed some attitudes and habits distinguishing him from other nationalities. Broadly speaking, the Englishman is a quiet, shy, and reserved person among people he knows well. Before strangers he often seems inhibited, even embarrassed. You have only to witness a railway compartment any morning or evening to see the truth. Serious-looking businessmen and women sit reading their newspapers or dozing(打盹)in a corner, and no one speaks. An English wit once suggested to overseas visitors, "On entering a railway compartment shake hands with all the passengers." Needless to say, he was not being serious. There is an unwritten but clearly understood code of behavior, which, if broken, makes the person immediately the object of suspicion. It is well known that the English seldom show openly extremes of enthusiasm, emotion etc. Of course, an Englishman feels no less than any other nationality. Imagine a man commenting on the great beauty of a young girl. A man of more emotional temperament might describe her as "a marvelous jewel", while the Englishman will flatly state "Um, she's all right." An Englishman may recommend a highly successful and enjoyable film to friends by commenting, "It's not bad." The overseas visitors must not be disappointed by this apparent lack of interest. They must realize that "all right", "not bad" are very often used with the sense of "first class", "excellent". This special use of language is particularly common in English. 1. One explanation for the different character of English people is that ________.
工商管理专业英语学习通课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年
工商管理专业英语学习通课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年 1.Which of the following belong to the process of marketing management？ 参考答案: planning and executing the conception###pricing###promotion###distribution 2.Which of the following are marketing philosophies that can guide organizations in carrying out their marketing work? 参考答案: the production concept###the product concept###the selling concept###the marketing concept###the societal marketing concept 3.The question that "what jobs have priority" falls into which of the following category 参考答案: operational planning and control decisions 4.Which of the following is the English expression of "财务决算"？ 参考答案: financial statements 5.Which of the following item is primarily externally oriented? 参考答案: financial accounting 6.Which of the following items that can determine the amount of earnings that can be retained in the firm?
工商管理英语课后题答案(司爱侠版)
工商管理英语 (以下内容均为text A的课后题答案）Unit1 一、 调整，整理coordinate 关系，关联Relationship 处理，操作，操纵manipulate 为。。。配备职员；任职于staff 决策，决定decision Strategy策略 Contract合同 Supervisory监督 performance性能 profit利润 executive directors执行董事 top manager高级经理 human capital人力资本 internal auditors 内审员 branch manager 分公司经理 二、 1. A manager's job is complex and multidimensional, and requires a range of skills 经理的工作是复杂和多维的，需要一系列的技能 2. Conceptual skills are needed by all managers but are especially important for managers at the t op. 所有管理者都需要概念技能，但对高层管理者尤为重要 3. One of the most important goals that organizations and their members try to achieve is to prov ide some kind of good or service that customers desire. 组织及其成员努力实现的最重要的目标之一是提供客户所期望的某种商品或服务 4. The outcome of leadership is highly motivated and committed organizational members. 领导的结果是高度激励和忠诚的组织成员 5. The controlling function allows managers to evaluate how well they themselves are performing the other three functions of management and to take corrective action.
本科-工商管理管理英语3
《管理英语3》复习题 交际用语（单选题） 1、-Don't take too long at the coffee shop. It's 14:15. -_______________________________________ 正确选项1.I see. We have 30 minutes left.(V) 2、-Have you been to Paris? -_____________________ 正确选项1.No, it was a long time ago.(V) 3、-Have you ever been to Tokyo? -_________________ 正确选项1.No, but I hope to go there next year.(V) 4、-Hello, I'm Harry Potter. -Hello, my name is Charles Green, but____________________ 正确选项1.call me Charles(V) 5、-How are you feeling now? - _________________ 正确选项1.Much better.(V) 6、-I'm terribly sorry that I've spilled some coffee on the table. -_________________ 正确选项1.It doesn't matter.(V) 7、-I've started my own software company. -________________ 正确选项1.No kidding! Congratulations!(V) 8、-It's getting dark. I'm afraid I must be off now. -OK. _________________ 正确选项1.See you.(V) 9、-Let me introduce myself. I'm Steward． -_______________________________________ 正确选项1.Pleased to meet you.(V) 10、-Let's go to the library this afternoon. -_______________________________________ 正确选项1.That's a good idea.(V) 11、-Lily complains that she has never got any mail. -______________. I will write her right away. 正确选项1.That's too bad(V) 12、-Nice weather, isn't it? -_______________________________________ 正确选项1.Yes, it is,(V) 13、-So sorry to trouble you. -_________________ 正确选项1.It's a pleasure.(V) 14、-What's the weather like in that area? -________________ 正确选项1.It's rainy.(V) 15、-What's wrong with you,dear? -_________________________ 正确选项1.I have a terrible headache.(V) 词汇与结构（单选题） 1、_____ of Professor Smith's have arrived here. 正确选项1.Two students(V) 2、_____, some quality management system failures do make headlines.
中国政法大学大二工商管理专业会计学原理英文试卷及参考答案
中国政法大学20XX-20XX学年第一学期 《会计学原理》期末考试试题（A卷） 考试对象：商学院工商管理专业20XX级1-5班 本期末试卷满分为100分，占课程总成绩的100%。 答题要求： 1．请将所有答案统一写在答题纸上，不按要求答题的，责任考生自负。 2．答题纸与试卷一同交回，否则酌情扣分。 Part One Key Term Appreciation (20%) Required: each of the statements in this part is followed by 4 options marked 1), 2), 3) and 4) of which only one is most appropriate to fill in the blank in the statement. Note down the one that you consider should be the right one 1．Accounting is a managerial information system serving relevant users of ______ . 1)managers, shareholders, creditors and customers 2)managers, shareholders, suppliers and customers 3)shareholders, creditors, customers and government agencies 4)managers, shareholders, creditors and government agencies 2. Accounting can be categorized into ______ by the targeted information users. 1 ) financial accounting and managerial accounting 2) accrual based accounting and cash based accounting 3) public accounting and private accounting 4) national accounting and international accounting 3. ______ are two commonly used inventory systems. 1) Perpetual and continuous systems 2) Perpetual and periodic systems 3) Perpetual and average systems 4) Periodic and average systems 4. Current assets are inclusive of ______. 1) cash, receivables, inventory and short-term investments 2) cash, payables, inventory and short-term investments 3) cash, receivables, payables and short-term investments 4) cash, receivables, payables and inventory 5. Non-current assets are inclusive of ______. 1) plan-property-and-equipment and natural resource 2) natural resource and long-term investments 3) long-term investments and intangibles 4) all above-mentioned categories of asset 6. The book value of a fixed asset can be determined by ______. 1) subtracting the accumulated depreciation from the fare value 2) subtracting the accumulated depreciation from the market value 3) subtracting the accumulated depreciation from the acquisition cost
人大在职工商管理英语科目翻译练习答案——李桂荣老师
Translation for translation from Chinese into English Part A 1. The development of scientific research in our country is characterized by the combination of theory with practice. 2. The electric power supplied at present can‟t satisfy our need. 3. In their work, they pay much attention to the combination of theory with practice. 4. China‟s successful explosion of its first atom bomb caused tremendous repercussions throughout the world. 5. Xu Beihong‟s drawing of horses is exceptionally good. 6. The mastery of language is not easy and requires painstaking efforts. 7. There must be less empty talk and more hard work. 8. Exchange of ideas is a vital necessity. 9. The air was so fresh and fragrant that it gave people a feeling of exceptional coolness and comfort. 10. We are certain that corrosion has a close relation to moisture and temperature. 11. We are deeply concerned at the news that your country has been struck by an earthquake. 12．They are entirely ignorant of carbohydrates and proteins to be natural organic materials. 13. I‟m on the middle shift today. 14. They kept on fighting in spite of all difficulties. 15. Are you for or against the proposal? 16. We should not be after only fame and position. 17. He may not be against the plan. 18. What is the population of Singapore? 19. The use of bacteriological weapons is a clear violation of international law. 20. The magistrates are free to burn down houses, while the common people are forbidden even to light lamps. 21. The distance light travels in one second is 300,000 kilometres. 22. You may read the book first since you are anxious to read it. 23. Please fill in this form, and give it to me when you finish it. 24. It works wonders whe n you know how to use it; but when you don‟t, it is not worth a single penny. 25. Water moves in water waves and heat in heat. 26. Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. 27. She covered her face with her hands as if to protect her eyes. 28. I shall appreciate it very much if you will reply at your earliest convenience. 29. We feared that he would burn himself out in doing such a heavy job. 30. I will inform you of the result by telegram. 31．We should gradually eliminate the difference between town and country. 32. You must have a concern for your own health. 33. Laws form part of the supper structure. 34. When anyone among the people breaks the law, he too should be punished, imprisoned. 35. These two questions should not be lumped together. 36. You‟d better ask the opinions of the students.Construction is going ahead vigorously on all fronts. 37. Here I wish to speak briefly on practicing economy. 38. The discussion covers Sino-U.S. relations and Sino-Soviet relations. 39. All this is very good and is of great educational value. 40. China‟s economy is still backward. 41. Matter can be changed into energy, and energy into matter. 42. The use of poison-gases is a clear violation of inter national law, in particular of the “Geneva Convention”. 43. The biologist says that certain bats by receiving the echo to the squeaks they emit can locate and steer clear of obstacles. 44. Most of people seem to prefer watching games to playing games. 45. A Communist should be more concerned about the Party and the masses than about any individual, and more about others than about himself. 46. Facts are facts. 47. Like cures like.
2022年广东外语外贸大学工商管理专业《管理学》科目期末试卷A(有答案)
2022年广东外语外贸大学工商管理专业《管理学》科目期末试卷A （有答案） 一、选择题 1、一家公司董事会通过决议，计划在重庆建立汽车制造厂，建设周期为一年，需完成基 础建设、设备安装、生产线调试等系列工作，（）技术最适合来协调各项活动的资源 分配。 A．甘特图B．负荷图C．PERT网络分析D．线性规划 2、下列选项中哪个不属于“组织”（organization）所共同具有的三个特性？（）A．明确的目的或目标 B．精细的结构 C．文化 D．人员 3、管理者在制定决策时，面临这样一种条件：在这种条件下，决策者能够估计出每一种备择方案的可能性或者结果。我们称这种决策制定条件为（）决策。 A．确定性 B．不确定性 C．风险性 D．概率性 4、（）是第一个将管理定义为一组普遍适用的职能的人，他认为管理是人类所从事的一种共同活动。 A．明茨伯格B．法约尔C．德鲁克D．韦伯 5、以下哪一种组织结构违背了“统一指挥”的组织原则？（） A．直线职能制 B．直线职能辅以参谋职能制 C．事业部制 D．矩阵制 6、公司产品设计部接受了一项紧急任务，该任务的完成需要进行严密的控制，同时又要争取时间和速度。在这种情况下，最适合采用哪种沟通网络？（） A．Y式沟通网络 B．全通道式沟通网络 C．轮式沟通网络 D．环式沟通网络
7、归因常常存在各种偏差。当管理者高估内部因素对员工行为的影响而低估外部因素对员工行为的影响时，管理（）。 A．表现出自我服务偏见 B．犯了基本归因错误 C．曲解了员工的控制点 D．犯了假设相似性的错误 8、（）不属于创业精神所主要强调的三个方面的主题。 A．对机会的追求B．创新C．增长D．拼搏 9、以下哪一个不是激发组织创新力的因素？（） A．结构因素 B．人力资源因素 C．技术因素 D．文化因素 10、（）的结构设计使企业可以把精力集中在自己做得最好的业务上，而把其他业务活动外包给这方面做得最好的公司。 A．网络组织B．虚拟组织C．无边界组织D．项目型组织 二、名词解释 11、创造力（Creativity）与创新（Innovation） 12、决策
东北财经大学--工商管理专业学位英语试题详解
东北财经大学--工商管理专业 学位外语考试参考试题 一、语音题（每空1分，共10分） 01、notice ['nəutis] A. stomachs ['stʌməks] B. houses ['hauziz] C. mouths [mauθ] D. reasonable ['ri:zənəbl] 02、winkle ['wiŋkl] A. windy ['windi] B. drink[driŋk] C. footprint ['futprint] D. interesting [ˈɪntrɪstɪŋ] 03、shook [ʃuk] A. shoot [ʃu:t] B. food [fu:d] C. shoe [ʃu:] D. wood [wud] 04、occasionally [ə'keiʒənəli] A. population [pɔpju'leiʃən] B. Russian ['rʌʃən] C. question ['kwestʃən] D. television['teli,viʒən]05、pressure ['preʃə] A. directly ['direkli] B. oxygen 'ɔksidʒən] C. absence ['æbsəns] D. camera ['kæmərə] 06、float [fləut] A. flower ['flauə] B. brown [braun] C. hometown ['həʊmtaʊn] D. bellows ['beləuz] 07、bulletin ['bulitin] A. bury ['beri] B. Prussian ['prʌʃən] C. bullet['bulit] D. punishment ['pʌniʃmənt] 08、breach [bri:tʃ] A. break [breik] B. theatre ['θiətə] C. meadow ['medəu] D. least[li:st] 09、opposite A. companion B. balloon C. stroll D. historic ['ɔpəzit] [kəm'pænjən] [bə'lu:n] [strəul] [his'tɔrik] 10、scatter A. laboratory B. separate C. gravity D. various