城市规划外文文献翻译2

二〇一三年三月

外文文献翻译（一）

题目：HongKong:The Fact

Town Planning

一、内容简介：

近年来，香港城市规划的目的是提供一个优质的生活环境，促进经济发展，促进健康，安全，指导和控制的发展和土地使用的方便和一般社区福利。遵循可持续发展的原则，城市规划旨在带来一个有组织的，有效地为社会生活和工作中的和可取的。在香港土地适宜性发展是稀缺的，有需要的方式利用有限的土地资源的竞争性需求的住房，商业，工业，交通，娱乐，自然保护的平衡，和其他社区的需求。香港的城镇规划系统：香港的发展战略规划法定部门计划在当地水平的领土和各种类型。指导的制备是香港规划标准和指导方针，发展有关的相关政策的原则和社会各界的意见。

二、外文文献原稿

HongKong:The Fact

Town Planning

Purpose of Town Planning: Town Planning aims atproviding a quality living environment, facilitating economicdevelopment, and promoting the health, safety, convenienceand general welfare of the community by guiding andcontrolling development and the use of land. Following theprinciple of sustainable development, town planning seeksto bring about an organized, efficient and desirable place forthe community to live and work in. As land suitable fordevelopment in Hong Kong is scarce, there is a need tostrike a balance in utilizing the limited land resource to meetthe competing demands for housing, commerce, industry,transport, recreation, nature conservation, heritagepreservation and other community needs.

Planning Organisations: The Planning and Lands Branchof the Development

Bureau is in charge of the policyportfolios of planning, land use, buildings and urbanrenewal in Hong Kong.Taking directives from theDevelopment Bureau, the Planning Department (PlanD) isresponsible for formulating, monitoring and reviewing landuse at the territorial level.PlanD also prepares district/localplans, area improvement plans, the Hong Kong PlanningStandards and Guidelines as well as undertakes actionsagainst unauthorized land uses.The principal body responsible for statutory planningin Hong Kong is the Town Planning Board (TPB). It isformed under the Town Planning Ordinance (TPO) andserved by the PlanD. Comprising predominantlynon-official members, the TPB oversees the preparation ofdraft statutory plans, considers representations to suchdraft plans and considers applications for planningpermission and amendments to plans. There are twostanding committees under the TPB, namely, the MetroPlanning Committee and the Rural and New TownPlanning Committee. Under the TPO, the TPB may alsoappoint a committee among its members to considerrepresentations to draft statutory plans.

Planning System: Hong Kong’s planning systemcomprises development strategies at the territorial leveland various types of Statutory and Departmental Plans atthe district/local level. Guiding the preparation of theseplans is the Hong Kong Planning Standards andGuidelines, relevant development related policy andprinciples and community views.

Territorial Development Strategy: The strategy aims atproviding a broad planning framework to guide futuredevelopment and the provision of strategic infrastructure inHong Kong. It also serves as a basis for the preparation ofdistrict plans. The findings of Hong Kong 2030: PlanningVision and Strategy (the HK2030 Study), a study toformulate the planning framework for Hong Kong up to2030, were promulgated in October 2007. The HK2030Study has adopted sustainable development as itsover-arching goal. The recommended strategy, focusing onthe three broad directions of providing a quality livingenvironment, enhancing economic competitiveness andstrengthening links with the Mainland, aims to help Ho ngKong achieve its vision as “Asia’s

world city”.With increasing economic integration and socialinteraction between Hong Kong and the Mainland,cross-boundary surveys are commissioned regularly tocollect statistical information on various aspects ofcross-boundary activities, e.g. travel pattern andbehaviour, Hong Kong residents’ experience of andaspirations for taking up residence in the Mainland. Thefindings of these surveys provide valuable input for the

planning of cross-boundary infrastructure and theformulation of development strategies. The planning studytitled Coordinated Development of the Greater Pearl RiverDelta Townships, jointly commissioned by Hong Kong,Guangdong and Macao to formulate a regionaldevelopment framework, was completed and its findingswere promulgated in October 2009.

Statutory Plans: Two types of statutory plans areprepared and published by the TPB under the provisions ofthe TPO. In 2005, the TPO was amended to streamlinehe plan-making process and planning approvalprocedures, enhance the openness and transparency ofthe planning system and strengthen planning enforcementcontrol in the rural New Territories.The first type is Outline Zoning Plan (OZP) whichmajor road systems of an individual planning area. Areascovered by OZPs are in general zoned for uses such asresidential, commercial, industrial, green belt, open

space,government/institution/community uses or other specifiedpurposes. Attached to each OZP is a Schedule of Notesshowing the uses which are always permitted (Column 1uses) in a particular zone and other uses for which priorpermission from the TPB must be sought (Column 2 uses).The second type is Development Permission Area(DPA) Plan. DPA Plans are prepared to provide interimplanningcontrol, and development guidance for rural areasin the New Territories until more detailed OZPs areprepared. DPA Plans indicate broad land use zones andare also accompanied by Schedules of Notes showingColumn 1 and 2 uses. DPA Plans are effective for a period

of 3 years and will be replaced by https://www.360docs.net/doc/4e16274089.html,rmation on statutory plans, related guidelines and

procedures as well as the agenda and decisions of theopen meetings of the

TPB and its Committees can beaccessed online from the TPB website athttps://www.360docs.net/doc/4e16274089.html,.hk/tpb/ and the Statutory PlanningPortal at

https://www.360docs.net/doc/4e16274089.html,.hk/. The public may alsoobserve those open meetings in the Public Viewing Roomlocated in North Point Government Offices, 333 JavaRoad, North Point, Hong Kong.

Departmental Plans: Outline Development Plans andLayout Plans are administrative plans prepared within theframework of the statutory plans. With a much larger scale,these departmental plans show more detailed levelplanning parameters e.g. site boundaries, location ofaccess points and footbridges, specific types ofgovernment or community uses to facilitate thecoordination of public works, land sales and landreservation for specific uses.Views from the public are essential considerations forthe formulation of development strategies and preparationof plans. Public engagement in the form of public forums,workshops, exhibitions, etc. has become a very importantcomponent of the planning process.

Hong Kong Planning Standards and Guidelines: It is areference manual setting out the criteria for determiningthe scale, location and site requirements of various landuses and facilities. It is used in the preparation of townplans and planning briefs and is a tool that helps toregulate development.

Urban Renewal and Regeneration: The Urban RenewalAuthority (URA) is a statutory body established in 2001 tospeed up the renewal of old urban areas and to executethe Urban Renewal Strategy formulated by theGovernment. PlanD co-ordinates with the URA under thestatutory provisions in the planning of urban renewal andregeneration projects for the improvement of the old urbanareas.The Government has launched a review of the UrbanRenewal Strategy in 2008 in three stages – envisioning,public engagement and consensus building, and isscheduled for completion in 2010. The Strategy willprovidea broad policy guidance for urban renewal in HongKong.

New Town and New Development Areas: Large-scalenew town development in the New Territories began in theearly 1970s. PlanD’s District Planning Offices have workedclosely with the Civil Engineering and

DevelopmentDepartme nt’s Development Offices to prepare plans andoversee the development of these new towns. At present,nine new towns, namely, Tsuen Wan, Sha Tin, TuenMun,Tai Po, Yuen Long, Fanling/SheungShui, Tseung Kwan O,TinShuiWai and North Lantau are in various stages ofdevelopment and will accommodate about four millionpeople upon full development. However, large-scale newtowns will not be pursued in the foreseeable future. Instead,medium-scale new development areas such as Kai Takandnew development areas in the New Territories will bedeveloped. Enquiry Counters located at:

- 17/F, North Point Government Offices,

333 Java Road, North Point, Hong Kong

- 14/F, Sha Tin Government Offices,

1 SheungWoChe Road, Sha Tin, New Territories

For enquiries, please call 2231 5000, fax to 2877 0389 or

e-mail to enquire@https://www.360docs.net/doc/4e16274089.html,.hk.

三、外文翻译部分

城市规划：城市规划的目的是提供一个优质的生活环境，促进经济发展，促进健康，安全，指导和控制的发展和土地使用的方便和一般社区福利。遵循可持续发展的原则，城市规划旨在带来一个有组织的，有效地为社会生活和工作中的和可取的。在香港土地适宜性发展是稀缺的，有需要的方式利用有限的土地资源的竞争性需求的住房，商业，工业，交通，娱乐，自然保护的平衡，和其他社区的需求。

规划：规划地分支机构发展局在规划，土地利用电荷，在香港建筑与城市更新。以发展局的指示，规划部门（车间）负责制定，监控和在地区范围内土地利用的回顾，地区改善计划，香港指南以及进行措施应对非法土地使用情况。负责香港法定规划的主体是城市规划委员会（TPB）。这需要根据城市规划条例（TPO）的植物。包括官方成员，城规会的监督法定图则，以表示计划和考虑规划和修订计划中的应用。有乡村委员会下的理论，即，该委员会、农村和城镇规划委员会。在TPO，城规会成员之间的一个委员会制定法定图则。

规划系统：香港的发展战略规划法定部门计划在区/当地水平的领土和各种

类型。指导的制备是香港规划标准和指导方针，发展有关的相关政策的原则和社会各界的意见。

全港发展策略：该战略的目的是提供一个广阔的规划框架来指导未来发展的战略基础设施和香港提供。它也可作为制备计划的基础。香港2030研究结果：规划和策略（香港2030研究），研究制定了为香港中心成立.[俄]消息报规划框架，是在十月2007日颁布。该信息采取可持续发展为目标。建议的策略，聚焦于三大方向，提供高品质的生活环境，增强经济竞争力和加强与内地的联系，旨在帮助香港实现其愿景是“亚洲的世界城市”。随着经济一体化和社会交往香港与内地之间的跨境调查委托，定期收集各方面表现出不同的边界活动的统计信息，例如旅游模式和行为，以在中国内地居住的香港居民的经验和愿望。这些调查结果提供有价值的输入为跨边界基础设施和发展战略制定的计划。规划的大珠江三角洲城镇协调发展，共同委托香港，广东和澳门制定区域发展框架，完成了其发现在2009十月公布。

法定图则：两种类型的法定计划将公布的TPB的TPO规定。2005，TPO

进行修正，计划的制定过程和规划，提高公开性和透明度的规划制度，加强规划新界乡郊地区。第一种是分区计划大纲（OEP）道路系统规划面积的分区计划

大纲图一般划为使用这种商业，工业，绿色带，开放空间，政府/团体/社区用途或其他。每个分区计划大纲图是一个日程安排，总是允许使用在一个特定的区域和其他用途，从理论必须寻求实际。第二类是发展审批地区（DPA）计划。DPA 的计划准备提供控制，为农村发展指导区新界直到更详细的分区计划大纲图技术。DPA的计划表明，广阔的土地利用区，还附有注释1计划和2使用。DPA的计划一段时间是有效的3年，将取代法定分区计划大纲图。计划的信息，相关的指导方针，程序以及对城规会及其委员会公开会议的议程和决策可以在线向城规会网站athttps://www.360docs.net/doc/4e16274089.html,.hk/tpb/和HTTP法定planningportal：/ / www.ozp。gov.hk /。公众可以那些公开会议在公众在北角政府合署，北角，香港。

部门计划：发展大纲图布局计划行政计划内的法定计划准备了。一个更大的规模，这些部门的计划显示更详细的参数如工地边界，接入点位置和行人天桥，特定类型的政府或社区使用方便的公共工程的协调，为特定用途的土地销售和。从公众的意见是必要的考虑，在制定发展战略研究计划。公众参与公共论坛，展览，研讨会等形式，已成为规划过程中的一个重要组成部分。

香港规划标准与准则：这是参考手册制定的标准确定的规模，位置和不同土地利用类型和设施选址的要求。它是用于制备乡村制定和规划大纲，是一个工具，帮助调节发展。

城市更新与再生：城市（URA）是在2001成立的法定组织，加快旧区更新和执行与市区重建策略制定的政府。平面坐标在旧的城市改善城市更新与更新项目的规划规定，市建局。政府已推出的城市更新策略的回顾2008三个阶段–构想，公众的参与和建立共识，并预计于2010完成。城市更新策略提供广泛的政策指导香港。

新市镇和新发展区：位于新界大镇的发展始于70年代早期。植物的区规划办公室与土木工程部的发展办公室编制计划并监管这些新城镇发展。目前，九个新的城镇，即，荃湾，沙田，大埔，屯门，元朗，粉岭、上水，将军澳，天水围及北大屿山是在不同阶段的发展，可容纳约四人的全面发展。然而，大规模的新市镇在可预见的将来不可能追求。相反，中等规模的新发展等领域的新发展区的启德在新界开发。

询问柜台位于：

17 / f，北角政府合署，

333个java路，北角，香港

14 / f，沙田政府合署，

1上禾輋路，沙田，新界

如有查询，请致电2231，5000，0389或传真至2877

电子邮件enquire@https://www.360docs.net/doc/4e16274089.html,.hk。

外文文献翻译（二）

题目：City-region parallels

一、内容简介：

美国是一个幅员辽阔的大陆规模的国家，国土面积大，增加人口或国内生产总值明显。美国的趋势，乡村的经济发展的时候，例如考虑如何美国新城市规划的已经席卷英国，特别是在约翰·普雷斯科特满腔热情地通过了。现在，在欧洲，我们有一个运动自愿自下而上的地方当局联合会，西米德兰兹或大曼彻斯特地区的城市，这意味着当地政府的重新组织。因此，在大西洋两侧的，这可能是一个虚假的黎明。这当然是一个看起来不成熟的凌乱与现有的正式的政府想违背的机构。但是，也许这是一个新的后现代的风格，像我们这样的社会管理自己的事务的征兆。有趣的是，在法国和德国的类似举措也一起萌生，它们可以代表重大的东西的开端。

二、外文文献原稿

Source: Town and Country Planning. 75.3 (Mar. 2006): p70.

Document Type: Article

For one thing, the United States is a vast continental-scale country--far larger in area, although not of course inpopulation or GDP, than our European Union, let alone our tiny island or the even tinier strip of denselyurbanised territory that runs from the Sussex Coast to the M62. For another--an associated (but too oftenignored) thing--the United States has a federal system of government, meaning that your life (and even, if youhappen to be a murderer, your death) is almost totally dependent on the politics of your own often-obscure StateCapitol, rather than on those of far-distant Washington, DC.

And, stemming from those two facts, America is an immensely Iocalised and even isolatednation. Particularlyif you happen to live in any of the 30 or so states that form its deep interior heartland, from an Americanvantage point the world--even Washington, let alone Europe or China--really is a very Iong way away.Although no-one seems exactly to know, it appears that an amazingly small number of Americans have apassport: maybe one in five at most. And since I was reliably told on my recent visit that many Americans thinkthey need one to visit Hawaii, it's a fair bet that even fewer have ever truly ventured abroad.

That thought recurred repeatedly on the flight back, when in the airport bookstall I picked up a best-sellingpiece of the higher journalism in which America excels, What's the Matter with Kansas?, by Thomas Frank. Anative of Kansas, Frank poses the question: why in 2000 (and again in 2004) did

George W. Bush sweep somuch of his home state--as of most of the 'red America' heartland states--when the people who voted for himwere voting for their own economic annihilation? For Frank convincingly shows that they were denying theirown basic self-interests--sometimes to the degree that they were helping to throw themselves out of work.

The strange answer is that in 21st-century America, the neo-conservatives have succeeded in fighting electionson non-economic, so-called moral

issues--like abortion, or the teaching of intelligent design in the publicschools. And the people at the bottom of the economic pile are the most likely to vote that way.

Well, we're a long way behind that curve--or ahead of it, you might say. But American trends, howeverimplausible at the time, have an alarming way of arriving in the UK one or two decades later (just look at trashTV). Who knows? Maybe by 2016, or earlier, our own home-grown anti-evolutionists will be busily engaged inmass TV burnings of 10 [pounds sterling] notes--assuming of course that by then the portrait of Darwin hasn't been replaced by a

Euro-bridge. Meanwhile, vive la difference.

Yet, despite such fundamental divides, the interesting fact is that in academic or professional life the intellectualcurrents and waves tend to respect no frontiers. Consider for instance how the American New Urbanismmovement has swept the UK, particularly after John Prescott so enthusiastically adopted it and made it aLeitmotif of his Urban Summit a year ago. And now, as Mike Teitz shows in his piece in this issue of Town &Country Planning, there's yet another remarkable development: apparently in complete independence, a cityregion movement is spring up over there, uncannily similar in some ways to what's happening here.

Just compare some parallels.

Here, we had metropolitan counties from 1973, when a Tory government created them, to 1986, when a Torygovernment abolished them. There, they had a movement for regional 'councils of governments'--but they wereweak and unpopular, and effectively faded away.

Now, we have a movement for city-regions as voluntary bottom-up federations of local authorities in certainareas, like the West Midlands or Greater Manchester, but without any suggestion that this means localgovernment

re-organisation. And there, they have what Mike Teitz calls regionalism by stealth: in California'slarger metropolitan areas, such as Los Angeles or the San Francisco Bay Area, there is a new movement thatmakes no attempt to create new regional agencies, but instead uses any convenient existing agency in order toinvolve local governments closely in updating their land use plans to reflect regional goals.

There's one significant feature of the Californian model that maybe has no parallel on this side: it usesincentives, such as the availability of federal transportation improvement funds, to win local collaboration. Butin a sense, you could argue that a major new initiative from our Department for

Transport--regionalprioritisation, whereby the new regional planning bodies set their own priorities for investment--could work inthe same way: these bodies, all of which are producing new-style regional spatial strategies, are now having torelate these to their planned investments in roads or public transport.

Of course, there are huge differences. First, ours is a typical top-down initiative, a kind of downward devolutionby order of Whitehall, and it remains unclear whether Whitehall won't after all second-guess the regionalpriorities, as with the 260 million [pounds sterling] Manchester Metrolink extensions which form a huge chunkof the North West priority list but which have already been rejected by Alistair Darling. And second, theexercise is being performed by regional strategic planning bodies that operate at a much larger spatial scale thanthe city-regions: the North West, for instance, contains no less than three such city-regions as defined in theNorthern Way strategy--or three somewhat different city-regions (plus one other) as defined in a new report forOffice of the Deputy Prime Minister from the Universities of Salford and Manchester, A Framework for City Regions.

Nonetheless, it's precisely since John Prescott's failed attempt to give such bodies democratic legitimacy, in theNorth East referendum, that the

city-region idea has surfaced--clearly as an alternative to it. It's not entirely outof the question, although it would be exceedingly messy, to conceive of a new city-regional structure carved outof the present regional structure.

So, on either side of the Atlantic, this may be a false dawn. It's certainly one that looks inchoate, untidy and atodds with existing formal structures of government. But perhaps that's symptomatic of a new postmodern

(orpost-postmodern) style by which societies like ours run their affairs. Interestingly, similar initiatives areemerging in France and Germany. Together, they could represent the beginnings of something significant.

Sir Peter Hall is Professor of Planning and Regeneration in the Bartlett School of Planning, University CollegeLondon, and President of the TCPA. The views expressed here are his own.

Hall, Peter

Source Citation

Hall, Peter. "City-region parallels." Town and Country Planning Mar. 2006: 70+. General OneFile. Web. 15

Mar. 2012.

Document URL

三、外文翻译部分

原因之一是，美国是一个幅员辽阔的大陆规模的国家，虽然是面积大，但当然不是增加人口或国内生产总值，比我们的欧洲联盟，更不用说我们的小岛屿或更细小的可区分的条状领土苏塞克斯海岸。另一个相关（但也不确定）的事情 - 美国政府的联邦制度，这意味着，你的生活（甚至，如果是一个杀人犯，你的死亡）在政治上几乎完全依赖你自己的，而不是远不远的所谓的政治。

而且，由于这两个事实，美国是一个非常本土的和甚至自我的的。你碰巧住在30个左右的国家，形成深部的中心地带，从美国以出发点的世界 - 即使华盛顿，更不用说欧洲和中国 - 真的是一个非常的的翁方式。没有人似乎完全知道，这似乎是一个令人惊讶的少有的美国人有特有的的：也许有五分之一的人在最。因为我是可靠地告诉我最近访问，许多美国人需要一个访问夏威夷，这是一个公平的赌注，甚至少过真正的国外投资。

这个想法再次出现反复的飞行，在机场书摊时，我中，拿起较高的新闻一个最好的文献的，美国的过人之处，与堪萨斯州发生什么事了吗？，由托马斯·弗兰克。的堪萨斯州，弗兰克提出了一个问题：为什么在2000年（和2004年），乔治·W·布他的家乡 - 因为大多数的“红色美国”心脏地带国家 - 谁投赞成票的投票为自己的经济上的得到了消灭吗？对于弗兰克令人信服地表明，他们否认这种方式的基本的自我利益 - 有时，他们帮助把自己的工作的程度。

奇怪的答案是，在21世纪的美国，新保守主义者们已经成功地打击非电子产业的经济，所谓的道德问题 - 如流产，或智能在公共领域设计的教学。人的经济桩的底部是最有可能投票方式。

好了，我们后面的曲线 - 或者在它前面很长的路要走，你可能会说。但是，美国的趋势，乡村的经济发展时候，有一个令人震惊的方式抵达英国一或二十年后谁知道？也许在2016年或更早的，我们自己的家种植的反进化论者将忙于电视烧的10英镑的笔记，当然假设，然后达尔文的画像由欧元取代桥。同时，差异是共存的。

然而，尽管有这些基本的划分，一个有趣的事实是，在学术或职业生涯中往往不尊重国界。例如考虑如何美国新城市规划的已经席卷英国，特别是在约翰·普雷斯科特满腔热情地通过了，一年前他的城市首脑会议还在举行。而现在，麦克往积在他的文章在这个问题上的城市与乡村规划显示，有另一个显着的发展：，显然完全独立，城市规划是春天那边，这里所发生的事情惊人地相似，在某些方面，只要比较一些相似之处。

在这里，我们有大都市的县从1973年，当保守党政府创建，到1986年，一个乡村废除了他们。在那里，他们有一个运动区域的议会的政府，但他们的做法不得人心的，并且有效地消失了。

现在，我们有一个运动自愿自下而上的地方当局联合会，西米德兰兹或大曼彻斯特地区的城市，但没有任何建议，这意味着当地政府的重新组织。在那里，他们有地方主义的隐形迈克往积：在加利福尼亚大都市地区，如洛杉矶或旧金山湾区，有一个的新运动，他使得并未试图建立新的区域机构，而是使用任何方便的现有的机构在的顺序地方政府密切合作，更新他们的土地使用计划，以反映区域目标。

还有一个显着的特点加利福尼亚州的模式，也许没有平行的这一边：如的联邦交通改善资金的可用性，赢得当地的合作。但是到了从某种意义上说，你可能

会说，我们的运输部的一项新的重大举措，新的区域规划机构设置自己的投资重点，可以工作在同一个方法：这些机构，所有这些都产生新的式的区域空间战略，现在有他们计划在道路或公共交通的投资。

当然，也有巨大的差异。首先，我们是一个典型的自上而下的主动，种的向下处理方法秩序白厅部门，目前还不清楚是否白厅部门，毕竟第二部分的260

万英镑的曼彻斯特扩展形成的巨大西北优先名单上，但已经被拒绝阿利斯泰尔·达林。第二，正在执行的工作在更大的空间尺度上比那些城市区域：西北区域战略规划机构，例如包含不低于3个这样的城市区域中定义的方式的战略。三种稍微不同的城市区域的定义在新的报告的副总理索尔福德和曼彻斯特大学，成为一种框架。

然而，恰恰是因为约翰·普雷斯科特的失败尝试给这些机构的民主合法性，创造有利东公投，城市区域的想法已经浮出水面 - 显然它作为一种替代。它不是完全百忙中的问题，虽然这将是极其混乱的，设想一个新的城市区域结构，雕刻，从目前的区域结构这样表达。

因此，在大西洋两侧的，这可能是一个虚假的黎明。这当然是一个看起来不成熟的凌乱与现有的正式的政府机构。但是，也许这是一个新的后现代的风格，像我们这样的社会管理自己的事务的征兆。有趣的是，在法国和德国的类似举措一起，它们可以代表重大的东西的开端。

彼得·霍尔爵士教授的规划和巴特利特学校规划，大学的再生和总统的TCPA。这里所表达的意见是他自己。

馆，彼得

引文来源

厅，彼得。

“城市地区的相似之处。”城市和乡村规划2006年3月：70 +。

网络。 15

2012年3月。

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