在职艺术硕士(MFA)全国联考英文阅读理解-试卷8

在职艺术硕士（MFA）全国联考英文阅读理解-试卷8

(总分：40.00，做题时间：90分钟)

一、英文阅读理解题(总题数：4，分数：40.00)

Do you know how to use a mobile phone (手机) without being rude to the people around you? Talking during a performance irritates (激怒) people. If you are expecting an emergency call, sit near the exit doors and set your phone to vibrate (振动. When your mobile phone vibrates, you can leave quietly and let the others enjoy the performance. Think twice before using mobile phones in elevators, museums, churches or other indoor public places—especially enclosed spaces. Would you want to listen to someone"s conversation in these places? Worse yet, how would you feel if a mobile phone rang suddenly during a funeral! It happens more often than you think. Avoid these embarrassing situations by making sure your mobile phone is switched off. When eating at a restaurant with friends, don"t place your mobile phone on the table. This conveys the message that your phone calls are more important than those around you. Mobile phones have sensitive microphones that allow you to speak at the volume you would on a regular phone. This enables you to speak quietly so that others won"t hear the details of your conversations. If you are calling from a noisy area, use your hand to direct your voice into the microphone. Many people believe that they can"t live without their mobile phone. Owning a mobile phone definitely makes life more convenient, but limit your conversations to urgent ones and save the personal calls until you are at home. (253 words)（分数：10.00）

(1).What should you do when you need to answer a phone call during a performance?（分数：2.00）

A.Call back after the performance.

B.Answer it near the exit door.

C.Talk outside the exit door. √

D.Speak in a low voice.

解析：解析：本题属于事实细节题。题干中提到“need to answer”，所以“演出结束后回电话”便为时已晚，因此A不符合题意；B“在靠近出口的地方接听”，“靠近出口”还是在演出现场，与原文不符；D“低声接听电话”同样会影响周围观众观看演出，与原文不符。文章第二段末句说“When your mobile phone vibrates，you can leave quietly and let the others enjoy the performance．”(当电话振动时，你可以悄悄地离开，让其他人继续欣赏节目。)可见，在观看演出时，如果必须接电话，最好离开演出现场到外面接听，因此选C。

(2).Putting your mobile phone on a restaurant table may make your friends think（分数：2.00）

A.you prefer to talk to your friends at the table

B.you value your calls more than your friends √

C.you are enjoying the company of your friends

D.you are polite and considerate of your friends

解析：解析：本题属于事实细节题。文章第四段第二句说“This conveys the message that your phone calls are more important than those around you．”(这样做就表示你的电话比在座的各位都重要。)这与B 的意思一致。A“你喜欢和朋友在就餐时谈话”与手机无关，可以排除；C“你对朋友的陪伴很高兴”，文章没有提及；D“你对朋友礼貌和体谅朋友”与事实相反。

(3).When you are calling in a noisy area, you are advised to______.（分数：2.00）

https://www.360docs.net/doc/5216844382.html,e a more sensitive microphone

B.shout loudly into your microphone

C.go away quietly to continue the phone call

https://www.360docs.net/doc/5216844382.html,e your hand to help speak into the phone √

解析：解析：本题属于事实细节题。文章第五段末句说“If you are calling from a noisy area，use your hand to direct your voice into the microphone．”(如果在嘈杂环境中接听电话，要用你的手帮助你

的声音向话筒集中。)这与D的意思一致。A“使用更灵敏的话筒”、B“对着话筒大声说话”、C“悄悄离开，换个地方接电话”文中均未提及。

(4).The author implies that the use of mobile phones in such places as museums should be______.（分数：2.00）

A.limited √

B.expected

C.discouraged

D.recommended

解析：解析：本题属于观点态度题。文章第三段首句说“Think twice before using mobile phones in elevators，museums，churches or other indoor public places--especially enclosed spaces．”(在电梯、博物馆、教堂或者其他室内公共场所，特别是密闭环境下使用手机应该三思而后行。)可见，作者的意思：在像博物馆这样的环境中，接打手机不能毫无顾忌，应有所限制，即A。B“许可”、C“反对”、D“推荐使用”语气都太绝对，与题意无法契合。

(5).Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?（分数：2.00）

A.You should limit your mobile phone calls to personal affairs.

B.You should speak quietly into your phone while in a church.

C.You are supposed to turn off your mobile phone at a funeral. √

D.You are supposed to use your mobile phone as much as possible.

解析：解析：本题属于事实细节题。文章第三段第三句说“Worse yet，how would you feel if a mobile phone rang suddenly during a funeral!”接下来在末句说：要想避免类似的尴尬局面，就要“making sure your mobile phone is switched off”(确保你的手机是关闭的)，这里的“switched off”与C中的“turn off”同义。A“只能用手机来谈论私事”与原文不符；文中只说在教堂打手机应该有所限制，并没有说应该“speak quietly”，故排除B；D“尽可能多使用手机”原文并未提及。

It is hard to track the blue whale, the ocean"s largest creature, which has almost been killed off by commercial whaling and is now listed as an endangered species. Attaching radio devices to it is difficult, and visual sightings are too unreliable to give real insight into its behavior. So biologists were delighted early this year when, with the help of the Navy, they were able to track a particular blue whale for 43 days, monitoring its sounds. This was possible because of the Navy"s formerly top-secret system of underwater listening devices spanning the oceans. Tracking whales is but one example of an exciting new world just opening to civilian scientists after the cold war as the Navy starts to share and partly uncover its global network of underwater listening system built over the decades to track the ships of potential enemies. Earth scientists announced at a news conference recently that they had used the system for closely monitoring a deep-sea volcanic eruption (爆发) for the first time and that they plan similar studies. Other scientists have proposed to use the network for tracking ocean currents and measuring changes in ocean and global temperatures. The speed of sound in water is roughly one mile a second—slower than through land but faster than through air. What is most important, different layers of ocean water can act as channels for sounds, focusing them in the same way a stethoscope (听诊器) does when it carries faint noises from a patient"s chest to a doctor"s ear. This focusing is the main reason that even relatively weak sounds in the ocean, especially low-frequency ones, can often travel thousands of miles. (283 words)（分数：10.00）

(1).The passage is chiefly about______.（分数：2.00）

A.an effort to protect an endangered marine species

B.the civilian use of a military detection system √

C.the exposure of a U.S. Navy top-secret weapon

D.a new way to look into the behavior of blue whales

解析：解析：本题属于主旨归纳题。前两段主要讲科学家用水下监听系统跟踪蓝鲸，而这只是其用途的一个例子，“Tacking whales is but one example”，从而我们可以推知深海监听系统有更为重要的用途：如深海监听系统的民用化，“opening to civilian scientists”。第四段指出军事监测系统运用于监测

深海的火山爆发，“closely monitoring a deep-sea volcanic eruption”；第五段指出其他科学家建议用这个系统跟踪海洋气流，测量海洋变化以及全球气温变化，“for tracking ocean currents and measuring changes in ocean and global temperatures”。所以本文的主要脉络是围绕军事监测系统的

民用化展开的，故选B。

(2).The underwater listening system was originally designed______.（分数：2.00）

A.to trace and locate enemy vessels √

B.to monitor deep-sea volcanic eruptions

C.to study the movement of ocean currents

D.to replace the global radio communications network

解析：解析：本题属于细节理解题。根据题干的“originally designed”定位第三段尾句，并可替换“built over the decades”。接下来的动词不定式表示建造的目的：跟踪潜在敌人的船只，“to track the ships of potential enemies”。选项A“跟踪并定位敌人船只”，明确无误地表述了这一观点。此题的关键在

于“vessel”这个词的正确理解，在现在这个语境下，它就是ship的同义词。第四段一开始说：“Earth scientists have announced…that they had used the system closely monitoring a deep—sea volcanic eruption”“地球科学家在新闻发布会上发布：他们已经使用该系统近距离监测深海火山爆发……”。可见，B并不是最初的军用用途。第五段谈到：其他科学家建议用这个系统跟踪海洋气流，测量海洋变化以

及全球气温变化，这也是民用，不是系统的军用目的，故C也排除。D的说法文中没有暗示。

(3).The deep-sea listening system makes use of______.（分数：2.00）

A.the sophisticated technology of focusing sounds under water

B.the capability of sound to travel at high speed

C.the unique property of layers of ocean water in transmitting sound √

D.low-frequency sounds traveling across different layers of water

解析：解析：本题属于细节题。尾段主要讲深海监听系统的工作原理：先说声的速度，“the speed of sound”，“What is most important”引出更为重要的原理：海水的不同层面形成声音的通道，就像听诊器把病人

胸腔模糊的声音传到医生的耳中的原理一样，把声音聚在一起并据此给声音定位，“different layers of ocean water can act as channels for sounds，focusing them…”。所以选项C可以对等替换此部分，为本题答案。

(4).It can be inferred from the passage that______.（分数：2.00）

A.new radio devices should be developed for tracking the endangered blue whales

B.blue whales are no longer endangered with the use of the new listening system

C.opinions differ as to whether civilian scientists should be allowed to use military technology

https://www.360docs.net/doc/5216844382.html,itary technology has great potential in civilian use √

解析：解析：本题属于推理判断题。第一段最后一句话谈到：“Attaching radio devices to it is difficult，and visual sightings are too unreliable…”(给蓝鲸加上无线电装置是困难的，而且视觉景象是不可

靠的……)；故A可以排除。文中第一段谈到：“It’s hard to track blue whale…which h as almost been killed of by commercial whaling and is now listed as an endangered species．”(很难观测到蓝鲸……它几乎全部被商业捕鲸杀尽，现在已列入濒危物种名单)故可以判定，鲸鱼濒危，是由于捕杀，而跟追踪技术无关，故排除B。文中讲到民用科学家准备使用海军探测技术，没有谈到对于是否运用有分歧，故排除C。那么，就只有D“军事技术在民用方面有潜力很大”为正确答案了。

(5).Which of the following is true about the U. S. Navy underwater listening network?（分数：

2.00）

A.It is now partly accessible to civilian scientists. √

B.It has been replaced by a more advanced system.

C.It became useless to the military after the cold war.

D.It is indispensable in protecting endangered species.

解析：解析：本题属于判断题，可以用排除法来解题。文中第三段说“冷战后，民用科学家能部分使用海

军水下监听系统……”，选项A表达了这一意思，为正确答案。B“海军水下监听网络将被一种更高级的系统所取代”和D“海军水下监听网络在保护濒临灭绝的物种方面必不可少”是错误的，C的说法文中没有提到。

For an increasing number of students at American universities, Old is suddenly in. The reason is obvious; the graying of America means jobs, coupled with the aging of the baby-boom (生育高峰) generation, a longer life span means that the nation"s elderly population is bound to expand significantly over the next 50 years. By 2050, 25 percent of all Americans will be older than 65, up from 14 percent in 1995. The change poses profound questions for government and society, of course. But it also creates career opportunities in medicine and health professions, and in law and business as well. "In addition to the doctors, we"re going to need more sociologists, biologists, urban planners and specialized lawyers," says Professor Edward Schneider of the University of Southern California"s (USC) School of Gerontology (老年学). Lawyers can specialize in "elder law", which covers everything from trusts and estates to nursing-home abuse and age discrimination (歧视). Businessmen see huge opportunities in the elder market because the baby boomers, 74 million strong, are likely to be the wealthiest group of retirees in human history. "Any student who combines an expert knowledge in gerontology with, say, an MBA or law degree will have a license to print money. " one professor says. Margarite Santos is a 21-year-old senior at USC. She began college as a biology major but found she was "really bored with bacteria". So she took a class in gerontology and discovered that she liked it. She says, "I did volunteer work in retirement homes and it was very satisfying. " (266 words)（分数：10.00）

(1)."…Old is suddenly in" (Lin e 1, Para. 1) most probably means "______".（分数：2.00）

A.America has suddenly become a nation of old people

B.gerontology has suddenly become popular √

C.more elderly professors are found on American campuses

D.American colleges have realized the need of enrolling older students

解析：解析：本题属于句意理解题。题干定位于原文第一段第一句，其大意是对越来越多的美国大学生而言，“老”突然变得受欢迎了，原因很显然：美国的老年化意味着工作机会。另外，联系第一段第二句话中的“the graying”及末段提到的Margarite改修gerontology(老年学)课程的例子可知，引文中“Old”指的就是老年学，由此可推断，“in”有popular(受欢迎)之意。故选B“老年学突然变得受欢迎了”。A“美国变成了老人国”；C“在美国校园里老教授增多”和D“美国高校意识到有必要招收老年学生”与文章内容衔接不上，均应排除。

(2).With the aging of America, lawyers can benefit______.（分数：2.00）

A.from the adoption of the "elder law"

B.from rendering special services to the elderly √

C.by enriching their professional knowledge

D.by winning the trust of the elderly to promote their own interests

解析：解析：本题属于细节题。根据第二段第一句话“Lawyers can…age discrimination”可以概括出，律师可为老年人提供多种服务，故选B“从为老人提供各种特殊服务中受益”。A“从老年人法律中受益”文中未提及；C“丰富他们的专业知识”不够精确，应该是相关老年学的知识；D“赢得老人的信任以谋取利益”与原文不符，原文中的“trust”是信托，而不是信任的意思，故排除。

(3).Why can businessmen make money in the emerging elder market?（分数：2.00）

A.Retirees are more generous in spending money.

B.They can employ more gerontologists.

C.The elderly possess an enormous purchasing power. √

D.There are more elderly people working than before.

解析：解析：本题属于细节推断题。文章第二段第二句提出，商人看出老年人市场存在着无限商机，因为“baby-boom”那代人有740多万人，且他们可能是人类历史上最富有的一群退休者，暗示其消费能力，因此选项C“老年人有巨大购买力”符合文章内容，为正确答案。A“退休者在花钱上更大方”；B“他们可以雇用更多的老年学专家”和D“将有更多的老年人工作”在文中未提及，均是错误的。

(4).Who can make big money in the new century according to the passage?（分数：2.00）

A.Retirees who are business-minded.

B.The volunteer workers in retirement homes.

C.College graduates with an MBA or law degree.

D.Professionals with a good knowledge of gerontology. √

解析：解析：本题属于推理题。由题干“make big money”定位到末段的“an expert knowledge in gerontology with，say，an MBA or law degree will have a license to print money”(=make big money)，意思是MBA和法学专业的学生如果拥有老年学知识，将获得“印钞许可证”。这是一个夸张幽默的说法，意指要源源不断地挣到大钱的必备条件是：专业精通、对老年学具有相当知识，而D“拥有大量老年学知识的专家”，就是这句话的同义表达。A“有商业头脑的退休者”和B“在退休者之家工作的志愿者”在文中未提，均错。C“有MBA或律师学位的高校毕业生”只符合了其中一个条件，不准确。

(5).It can be seen from the passage that the expansion of America"s elderly population（分数：

2.00）

A.will provide good job opportunities in many areas √

B.will impose an unbearable burden on society

C.may lead to nursing home abuse and age discrimination

D.will create new fields of study in universities

解析：解析：本题属于主旨题。根据第一段中的“the graying of American means jobs”和“it also creates career opportunities in medicine and health professions and in law and business as well”(这也在医药、卫生行业以及法律、商业方面创造了工作机会)可见原文指出了许多人将受益于美国社会的老龄化，所以选A“将给许多领域带来好的工作机会”。B“给社会带来沉重负担”，文中只讲益处，故排除。C“会导致养老院的虐待事件和年龄歧视”，根据文意，老年扩大化与虐待和年龄歧视之间没因果关系，故排除。D“在大学里创造新的学习领域”，文章没提到老年学以及相关的知识是否是新的研究，也应排除。

The fitness movement that began in the late 1960s and early 1970s centered around aerobic exercise (有氧操). Millions of individuals became engaged in a variety of aerobic activities, and literally thousands of health spas developed around the country to capitalize (获利) on this emerging interest in fitness, particularly aerobic dancing for females. A number of fitness spas existed prior to this aerobic fitness movement, even a national chain with spas in most major cities. However, their focus was not on aerobics, but rather on weight-training programs designed to develop muscular mass, strength, and endurance in their primarily male enthusiasts. These fitness spas did not seem to benefit financially from the aerobic fitness movement to better health, since medical opinion suggested that weight-training programs offered few, if any, health benefits. In recent years, however, weight training has again become increasingly popular for males and for females. Many current programs focus not only on developing muscular strength and endurance but on aerobic fitness as well. Historically, most physical-fitness tests have usually included measures of muscular strength and endurance, not for health-related reasons, but primarily because such fitness components have been related to performance in athletics. However, in recent years, evidence has shown that training programs designed primarily to improve muscular strength and endurance might also offer some health benefits as well. The American College of Sports Medicine now recommends that weight training be part of a total fitness program for healthy Americans. Increased participation in such training is one of the specific physical activity and fitness objectives of Healthy People 2000: National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives. (273 words)（分数：10.00）

(1).The word "spas" (Line 3, Para. 1) most probably refers to______.（分数：2.00）

A.sports activities

B.recreation centers

C.places for physical exercise √

D.athletic training programs

解析：解析：本题属于词义辨析题，此种题型涉及熟词生义和生词辨义两种。本题为第二种，测试考生根据上下文推测生词意思的能力。本题中“spas”为spa的复数形式，原意为“(减肥)温泉疗养地，游乐胜地”。但根据本文上下文内容推测，应为“健身中心”，即进行体育锻炼的地方。故C正确。B“娱乐中心”，

与文章内容不切合。而A和D两项与上下文逻辑不符。短文第一段第三行说：“…and literally thousands of health spas developed around the country to capitalize(获利)on this emerging interest in fitness，particularly aerobic dancing for females．”(……字面上统计，全国成千上万个health spas 在健身热中获利，尤其是女子有氧健身操。)根据“capitalize”(获利)这个单词，可以推测出其主语应该是一“机构”。

(2).Early fitness spas were intended mainly for______.（分数：2.00）

A.the promotion of aerobic exercise

B.endurance and muscular development √

C.the improvement of women"s figures

D.better performance in aerobic dancing

解析：解析：本题属于细节题。短文第一段第四句说：“However，their focus was not on aerobics，but rather on weight—training programs designed to develop muscular mass，strength，and endurance in their primarily male enthusiasts．”(然而，他们强调的不是有氧运动，而是举重训练项目；同时它是旨在为热爱健身的男性锻炼肌肉、力量和耐力而设的负重运动)，故B是正确的。所以也要排除选项

A“促进有氧运动”，C“健美女性身材”，D“在有氧舞蹈中表现更好”。

(3).What was the attitude of doctors towards weight training in health improvement?（分数：2.00）

A.Positive.

B.Indifferent.

C.Negative. √

D.Cautious.

解析：解析：本题属于细节题。答案依据为第一段第五句的原因状语部分：“…since medical opinion suggested that weight-training programs offered few，if any，health benefits．”(因为医学的观点认为举重训练无助于增进健康，即使有帮助，也很少。)由此可见，医生对此项运动持否定态度，故选C。题干中用的是过去时态(was)，所以可以肯定不是问现在医生的态度。选项A“肯定的”、B“冷漠的”和D“谨慎的”不能从文中找到支持内容。

(4).People were given physical fitness tests in order to find out______.（分数：2.00）

A.how well they could do in athletics √

B.what their health condition was like

C.what kind of fitness center was suitable for them

D.whether they were fit for aerobic exercise

解析：解析：本题属于细节题。短文最后一段第一句话：“Historically，most physical fitness tests…not for health-related reasons，but primarily because such fitness components have been related to performance in athletics．”(历史上，大多数身体测试与健康原因无关，主要是因为这些健身要素与体育表现有关。)故答案为A。

(5).Recent studies have suggested that weight training______.（分数：2.00）

A.has become an essential part of people"s life

B.may well affect the health of the trainees

C.will attract more people in the days to come

D.contributes to health improvement as well √

解析：解析：本题属于细节题。短文最后一段第二句话：“However，recent years，evidence has shown that training program designed primarily to improve muscular strength and endurance might also offer some health benefits as well．”(然而，近年来事例证明，原本主要用于提高肌肉力量及耐力的训练项目也可能同时有益于健康。)故D为正确答案。