英语名词的详细讲解复习课程

英语名词的详细讲解复习课程
英语名词的详细讲解复习课程

英语名词的详细讲解

名词

一、专有名词

1. 专有名词常用来表示人名,国名,地名,书名,节日名,团体机构及某类人和事物专有的名称。

2.表示人名,称谓,地名,星期,月份的专有名词前一般不用冠词。

二、普通名词

三、可数名词的复数

规则变化的可数名词复数形式变化规则:

“四十七”原则:单词以s, sh, ch结尾的要加-es; class—classes; dish---dishes; bench---benches;

1. 直接在词尾加-s,如map—maps; bag—bags;

2. 以s, x, ch, sh 等结尾的名词在词尾加--es, 如bus---buses; box---boxes; watch---watches;

brush---brushes。特例:stomach---stomachs.

3. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,变y为i, 再加-es, 如baby---babies; family---families。

4. 以f或fe结尾的名词大多数变f或fe为—ves, 如half---halves; wife---wives。

巧记-f(e)结尾的名词复数:

将f变为v,再加es:

小偷之妻生活难,(thief, wife, life)

自己扫叶来做饭。(self, leaf)

忽见一狼躲架后,(wolf, shelf)

取刀把它劈两半。(knife, half)

直接加s变复数:

海湾边,屋顶上,首领奴仆两相望;(gulf, roof, chief, serf)

谁说他们无信仰,证据写在手帕上。(belief, proof, handkerchief)

不规则变化的可数名词复数形式:

1. 以o结尾的名词,有生命的加—es,无生命的加—s;但以元音字母加o结尾的名词在

词尾加—s, 如tomato---tomatoes, photo---photos, kangaroo---kangaroos。

(黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿。)

Negro hero potato tomato

2. 变元音,如man---men, foot---feet。

3. 词尾加—en或---ren, 如child---children, ox---oxen。

4. 单复数形式同形,如sheep---sheep, deer---deer, Chinese---Chinese。

(中国人和日本人爱护绵羊,鹿和鱼。)

Chinese Japanese sheep deer fish

注意:fish指鱼的种类时,要加上-es才成复数;当指鱼的条数时,单复数形式相

同;指鱼肉时,为不可数名词。

特殊的复数形式(集体名词 ):

例题:---Two died in the accident.

--- terrible it is!

A. policemen; How

B. policeman; What

C. police; What

D. policemans; How

1. 一些集体名词总是用作复数。如people, police, cattle, staff。

2. 部分集体名词既可以作单数(表整体),也可以作复数(表成员)。如class, family。

3. 同时具有两种复数形式。如fish,强调“条数”时,复数形式为fish;强调“种类”时,复数形式是fishes。

4. 只有复数形式。如trousers, clothes, glasses。

5. 表示“某国人”,可分为三类;

a. 加-s。如Americans,Australians,Germans

b. 单复数同形。如Chinese,Japanese。

c. 以—man或—woman结尾的,变复数时改为—men或---women。如Englishmen,

Frenchwomen。

复合名词的复数形式

1. 通常做定语的名词用单数,主体名词用复数。如two apple trees。

2. man和woman作定语修饰另一个名词时,前后两个名词都要变成复数如man doctor---

men doctors。

3. 特例:sport做定语时通常用复数,如sports meetings。

特例:On Sundays, the often buy a lot of food all at once.

A. housewife

B. housewives

C. houseswives

D. Housewifes

(二)不可数名词的数

1. 通常不可数名词只有单数,没有复数。

2. 有些不可数物质名词也有复数形式,但意义发生了变化。

fruit水果----------fruits各种各样的水果

fish鱼肉-----------two fish两条鱼-----------two fishes 两种鱼

3. 抽象名词表示具体事物时为可数名词,可被a / an修饰,也可以有复数形式,表示“某

种人或事”。

pleasure两人高兴的人或事 pity令人感到遗憾的人或事物

例题:I like a lot, and my mother usually cooks it in different ways.

A. fish

B. potatoes

C. nooldes

(三) 名词所有格

1. 有生命的单数名词:Jack’s father Tom’s pen

2. 有生命的复数名词:the Teachers’ Office

3. 表示时间,距离,国家等的名词: half an hour’s walk 步行半小时的路程

4. 表示几个人共同拥有的名词:Mike and John’s desk 两人共有

5. 表示每个人各自拥有的名词:Mike’s and John’s desks 每个人都有,desk用复数

6. 表示无生命的名词:the legs of the desk

冠词

冠词的用法 I.冠词的分类

冠词可以分为不定冠词(a/an)、定冠词(the)和零冠词(不用冠词)。 II.冠词的用法一.不定冠词的用法

不定冠词a (an)表示的意思是“一个”。a用于辅音音素开头的词前;而an则用于元音音素开头的词前。例如:The little boy eats an apple, and the little girl eats a banana. 1.用于可数名词的单数形式前,表示“一”。 There is an apple on the plate. 2.表示一类人或物。

A tiger is a dangerous animal. 3.第一次提到某人或某物。

This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 4. 在一些固定搭配中

a lot of/ a little/ a few/ a pair of/ a set of 等二、定冠词的用法

定冠词(the)是 this/these/that/those的总称,放在名词前,表示特定的事物或人。

1. 第二次提到某人或某物,用定冠词the

Look! There is a ball under the table. The ball is mine. 2. 用于指说话双方都知道的事物或人。 Would you mind closing the window? 3. 放在序数词前。

Monday is the second day of the week. 4. 放在形容词最高级前。

He is the tallest boy in our class. 5. 表示世上独一无二的事

物。 The earth goes around the sun.

6. 定冠词放在姓氏复数前,表示“……一家”。 The Greens are from Australia.

7. 定冠词后接单数名词表示一类人或物。 The dog is a kind of cute animal.

8. 定冠词和形容词连用,也可以代表某类人或物。 the poor the bad the rich the good

9. 演奏某项乐器时,乐器前需加the。如:

play the drums/play the piano/ play the violin 10. 在一些固定搭配中。如:

in the morning in the afternoon 在下午

in the evening 在晚上 all the year round 一年到头三、零冠词的用法

1. 复数名词前不加冠词可以表示一类人和事物 Noodles are my favorite.

2. 洲、国家、城市前不用冠词 We live in Asia.

3.不可数名词表示一类一般不用冠词。 Would you like to drink water?

4. 在季节、月份、星期、节日、日期、等表示时间的名词之前,不加冠

词; It is very cold in winter in Beijing. 5. 在姓名前不加冠词。 She is Mrs. Henry Black.

6. 在一天三餐、表示球类运动名词前不用冠

词。 After we have lunch, we will play football. 7. 在固定搭配中,名词前不需要用冠词。如:

go to school; go to bed ; sit at table ; stay in bed

七年级上册人称代词详解与练习

例句:

1、主格=主语:表示谁怎么样了、干什么了。

I am a teacher. You are student.

He is a student.They are students.

2、宾格=宾语:表示动作行为的对象。

Give it to me. Let's go(=Let us go)

物主代词是表示“~的”和“~的东西”的意思。

比如你说“这是我的书包”:This is my schoolbag.

这里的my是一个形容词性物主代词,它只是作一个形容词用,后面必须再跟

一个具体表示某个东西的名词,这里就是这个schoolbag(书包)。

而如果你说“那个书包是我的”: That schoolbag is mine. 这里的mine就是一个名词性物主代词,它的后面不能再有其它的名词。

人称代词和物主代词讲解及练习

人教版初中英语初中英语语法之一名词(通用版)

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