机械专业英语试题含答案
2010-2011第二学期专业英语试卷A答案
1.Translate the following Chinese terms into English ( one point for
each,20 points for all)
1) 汽车与工程机械automobile and construction machinery
2) 筑路机械road-making machine
3) 发电机generator
4) 起动马达self starter
5) 方向盘steering wheel
6) 进气门inlet valve
7) 齿轮泵gear pump
8) 机油滤清器oil filter
9) 差速器differential
10) 摩擦式离合器friction clutch
11) 蓄电瓶storage battery
12) 铲土运输机scraper
13) 塔式起重机tower crane
14) 叉车fork lift
15) 商业车辆commercial vehicle
16) 变速箱transmission box (gear box)
17) 带式输送机belt conveyer
18) 步履式挖掘机walking excavator
19) 颚式砸机jaw crusher
20) 履带和轮胎track and tire
2.Translate the following English terms into Chinese (one point for
each, total 20 points)
1) gasoline and diesel 汽油和柴油
2) flywheel and cam 飞轮和凸轮
3) disk brake 盘式制动器
4) mechanical vibration 机械振动
5) power steering 动力转向
6) vibratory roller 振动式压路机
7) hydraulic torque converter 液力变矩器
8) piston ring 活塞环
9) suspension system 悬挂系统
10) cab and chassis 驾驶室与底盘
11) radiator 散热器
12) fuel-injection system 燃油喷射系统
13) air compressor 空气压缩机
14) lubrication and lubricant 润滑与润滑剂
15) fine-mesh oil filter 机油细滤器
16) pile driver 打桩机
17) hydraulic excavator 液压挖掘机
18) concrete paver 混凝土摊铺机
19) truck mixer 搅拌车
20) ignition system 点火系统
3．Answer the following questions briefly(5 points for each, 20 points for all)
1）Which are included in an internal combustion engine？
Two mechanisms：piston connecting rod mechanism and valve timing mechanism
Five systems：fuel feed system，lubrication system，cooling system，starting system，and ignition system（only for petrol engine）.
2）What are included in a working member of a hydrauli excavator？
Boom，arm，bucket and cylinder of the boom，cylinder of the arm，cylinder of the bucket.
3) What is the function of a differential ?
The differentials is a gear assembly in a motor vehicle which allows the propeller shaft or drive shaft to turn the drive wheels at different speed when the vehicle is going around a curve.
4) What is the difference between a bulldozer and an angledozer?
A bulldozer is mounted with a blade perpendicular to the direction of travel. And an angle
dozer is mounted with a blade set an angle with the direction of travel. The former pushes the earth forward, while the latter pushes the earth forward and to one side, some blades may be adjusted their use to bulldozer or angledozer.
4. Translate the following sentences into Chinese. (40 points)
A. Part One (5 points for each , 20 points for all)
第一部分
1) 真正最早上市的内燃机是名叫尼古拉斯·奥格斯特·奥托的德国人发明的。该装置是一个四冲程的发动机，汽缸体中每个油缸每次燃烧时，使用汽化器中的汽化的汽油和混合的空气。在该内燃机循环的进气冲程中，燃烧的混合物吸入气缸；在压缩冲程中，混合物被压缩，再由火花塞点燃；作功冲程中，混合物燃烧完成；排气冲程中，燃烧后的混合物被排出所缸。
2) 离合器是一种快速容易连接或分开一旋转轴和另一同轴的旋转轴的装置。离合器允许这两个构件，通常是驱动轴通过操作连接或脱开。尽管它用在机动车上，但是，离合器有多种可用的类型，电磁式，干摩擦盘式，多种油浸盘式，离心式和叶片式。在机动车中离合器的功能是在换挡时，将发动机的动力与车轮分开，然后，允许发动机平稳提速，特别重要的是在起动时。
2
2010-2011第二学期专业英语试卷B答案1. Translate the following English terms into Chinese (one point for
each，20 points for all)
1) automobile and construction machinery 汽车与工程机械
2) road-making machine 筑路机械
3) generator 发电机
4) self starter 起动马达
5) steering wheel 方向盘
6) inlet valve 进气门
7) gear pump 齿轮泵
8) oil filter 机油滤清器
9) differential 差速器
10) friction brake 摩擦式制动器
11) storage battery 蓄电瓶
12) scraper 铲土运输机
13) tower crane 塔式起重机
14) fork lift truck 叉车
15) engineering vehicle 工程车辆
16) transmission box 变速箱
17) conveyer 输送机
18) ripper 松土器
19) milling machine 铣刨机
20) bucket 铲斗
2.Translate the following Chinese terms into English (one point for
each, total 20 points)
1) 汽油和柴油gasoline and diesel
2) 飞轮flywheel
3) 制动器brake
4) 机械振动mechanical vibration
5) 动力转向power steering
6) 振动式压路机vibratory roller
7) 液力变矩器hydraulic torque converter
8) 拖拉机tractor
9) 悬挂系统suspension system
10) 驾驶室与底盘cab and chassis
11) 行星齿轮系planetary gear train
12) 燃油喷射系统fuel-injection system
13) 空气压缩机air compressor
14) 润滑与润滑剂lubrication and lubricant
15) 打桩机pile driving equipment
16) 液压挖掘机hydraulic excavator
17) 混凝土摊铺机concrete paver
18) 搅拌车truck mixer
19) 铣刨机milling machine
20) 铲斗bucket
3．Answer the following questions briefly(5 points for each, 20 points for all)
1) What is the difference between a petrol engine and a diesel engine?
The difference is that in the former an explosive mixture of air and gas is made externally to the engine cylinder, compressed and ignored by an electric spark.
2）What are the function and types of clutches？
A clutch is a device for quickly and easily connecting and disconnecting a rotatable shaft and a rotating coaxial shaft，which allows two components，usually drive shaft to be engaged or disengaged by its operation.
Electromagnetic, dry friction plate, multi-oil immersed plate, centrifugal and vane are just some of the various types of clutch avaible. The job of the clutch is to disconnect the engine from the road wheels while changing gear and then to allow the engine to pick speed smoothly, which is especially important on starting.
3) What are the definitions of a crane and a hoist?
A crane can lift loads and move them to a different position in the horizontal plane, unlike
a hoist which is only a lifting device.
4) What are all types of conveyers?
They are belt conveyer, chain conveyer, screw conveyer, vibrating conveyer.
4. Translate the following sentences into Chinese. (40 points)
A. Part One (5 points for each , 20 points for all)
第一部分
1）发动机是独立的动力装置，并将燃料的热能转换成机械能，用以推动车辆前进。由于燃料在发动机内部燃烧，因此这种发动机被称为内燃机。在内燃机里，可燃混合气
被引入到封闭的气缸内，并在气缸内被压缩并点燃。燃料燃烧引起气缸内压力迅速上升，并通过活塞和曲轴被转换成有用的机械能。最常见的发动机是四冲程活塞式发动机。四冲程包括进气、压缩、作功和排气冲程。
2). 汽车传动系统包含并使用一系列的齿轮。当汽车的速度发生变化时，该齿轮系能使发动机以最大效能连续工作，使汽车运动需要大量的动力以克服汽车的惯性。此过程为获得较高的动力而需要较高的发动机转速，并能逐渐增加车速以避免突然起动，较低的齿轮传动比用于起动、爬坡及其它工况。由于动力需求下降，所以，在曲轴转速较少时第二档，即较高的齿轮传动比用于驱动后桥旋转。当汽车的速度增加时，需要使用连续的较高的齿轮传动比，直到由发动机到后桥的传动在不减速的情况下完成传动。通常使用两种传动类型；手动和自动。
3）安装有液压装置的挖掘机被称为具有刚性悬挂工作装置的挖掘机，区别于柔性悬挂工作装置的挖掘机。因为这种挖掘机所有工作装置的元件固定在空中，所以铲斗的悬挂被认为是刚性的。刚性悬挂的优点通过研究反铲挖掘机来说明，与柔性悬挂的挖掘机比较，刚性悬挂的挖掘机的特征表现为许多重要的式样、技术和操作优点。
4). 为实现施工中材料的搬运，使用装载机或卸料机。实践表明，挖掘机在石料场的承载能力及非金属材料的存储力比装载机的效能较低。根据搬运载荷的种类，装载机分为叉车式装载机，用于散料，及铲式装载机。由于松散的材料，单车装载机作为适用于各种条件下工作的通用机型。多斗装载机用于大型存储，高速公路及需要连续工作的场合。根据行驶轮胎的类型，履带式和轮胎式的装载机都可用。履带式装载机具有较高的通过性，并能产生较大的推力；轮式装载机具有较高的机动性及行驶速度，而不会对路面及贮料区域造成伤害。
B、Part Two(10points )
第二部分
推土机是一种安装有坚固金属板（称作铲刀）的履带车辆，其用途为在建设工程中推移大量的土壤、沙砾、碎石等物料。术语bulldozer常指各种重型工程车辆（经常指装载机特别是履带式装载机），然而准确的讲，该术语仅指安装有推土铲刀的拖拉机（通常为履带式）。这也是该术语在本文中的含义。
有时用推土机去推动另一种称之为“铲运机”的铲土运输机械设备。1833年由詹姆斯·鲍迪斯首先设计发明了经济的弗雷斯诺托式铲运机，并用其从铲土区运移土壤到另一处低地面（填方）。推土机的主要工作装置是铲刀和松土器。
2
在大多数情况下，推土机是一些大型的和功率强大的履带式工程车辆。履带机构使推土机具有极好的地面附着能力和通过颠簸不平地面时的机动性。宽履带有助于在较大面积上分配推土机重量（减小压力），从而防止了推土机在沙滩或泥泞道路上的沉陷。超宽履带称为“湿地履带”。推土机具有极好的地面附着能力和扭矩分配装置，其设计功能为把发动机的功率转化为牵引力，从而使推土机利用自身重量推移重型物品和清除地面障碍物。
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