简析英语语言扩展的起因及影响
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简析英语语言扩展的起因及影响
作者：靳亦诗
来源：《大观》2016年第07期
摘要：本文旨在分析英语语言在全世界扩展的原因及影响。殖民、经济、政治、军事、科技和文化是英语扩展最明显、最直接的原因。英语扩展的结果尽管不详细，也将会在本文中提到。
关键词：英语语言扩展；原因和结果
一、简介
当今世界，语言的种类纷繁复杂，英语无疑是起主导性作用的语言。它被传播的最广，且被视作为国际通用语言。在几乎每一个领域，不仅在传统的政治、科技、贸易和旅游领域，而且在一些像因特网、音乐、英语教育和电影产业等现代领域，英语都被广泛的使用。本文旨在对英语是如何在世界范围内占据主导地位这一问题进行全面的探索。在本文中，对英语语言扩展的影响虽然不是详尽的探讨，但也有一提。
二、英语语言扩展的原因
（一）探索化与殖民化
弗格森（2006：111）说过，“英国的殖民帝国可以看作是英语出现的必要的初始条件，英语作为一门全球性语言的出现表现在两个方面：首先，通过发言者向他们领土的扩展，自然而然地形成了母语新社区，这些领土是他们建立的永久定居点和征服的土著地区居民；其次，通过在亚洲、非洲和大洋洲的殖民地区，可以很容易地找到证据。例如，19世纪，在一些诸如
澳大利亚、新西兰和加拿大这样的以英语为主要语言的国家，说英语的移民的数量开始超过当地居民和说其他语言的移民的数量并占据主要地位。同一时期，在大英帝国的其他殖民地中，说英语的人却很少。”人们普遍认为，教育土著居民的责任是为了使这些国家现代化和西化”（ Spolsky：83）。然而，当时的语言政策并不是英语在大英帝国的殖民地扩展的唯一原因。例如，十七世纪初，英国已经被扩展到加勒比海，而葡萄牙语和西班牙语早已在这里建立。在这种情况下，英语就通过经济需求扩展开来。在这一过程中，语言教学起到了重要的作用。如果说英国在其帝国中有着官方地位，但其权力并没有随着殖民统治的结束而衰落。许多组织和机构的建立是为了巩固英语的地位。
（二）政治和经济
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英语新闻常用句子特征例析
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