特朗普宣誓就任美国总统
特朗普宣誓就任美国总统
《人民日报》（2017年01月21日11 版）本报华盛顿1月20日电（记者章念生、张朋辉、陈丽丹）美国当选总统、共和党人唐纳德·特朗普20日在首都华盛顿特区宣誓就任美国第四十五任总统，当选副总统迈克尔·彭斯同日宣誓就职。
美国东部时间11时30分许，美国总统就职典礼在国会大厦西侧的露天平台上举行。当天卸任的奥巴马总统，前总统比尔·克林顿及他的夫人、2016年民主党总统候选人希拉里·克林顿，前总统乔治·布什、前总统卡特等前政要和社会名流也应邀出席特朗普的就职典礼。
特朗普的宣誓仪式由美国最高法院首席大法官约翰·罗伯茨主持。
特朗普在就职演说中对华盛顿政治予以抨击，重申“让美国再次强大”。他说，长期以来美国人民没有得到经济发展的好处，这次权力交接不仅是党派和政府之间的交接，也是把权力从华盛顿交给人民，承诺改变就从他就职的时刻开始。他再次强调美国优先原则，不再忽视民众呼声，把美国利益放在首位，呼吁加强控制边境，创造就业，打击恐怖主义，在贸易等问题上考虑美国人民，关注他们的未来。他还呼吁美国保持团结，摒弃偏见和歧视。
自20日中午开始，特朗普正式履行总统职责。总统就职典礼当天是美国公共假日。除了宣誓仪式，还有欢迎音乐会、游行、就职舞会等系列活动。
据美国国土安全部透露，当天约有上百个组织的数十万民众在华盛顿举行支持或者反对特朗普的集会，21日还将有约25万妇女继续在华盛顿特区抗议。为了保证安全，约2.8万名警察在现场维持秩序。
特朗普以“让美国再次伟大”的口号成功入主白宫，不过他不是传统的政治人物，其国内外政策走向引人关注。据悉，约有60位民主党国会议员没有参加特朗普的就职典礼，特朗普就任后面临着弥合国内分裂的任务。
美国历届总统就职演说词(George Bush)
Inaugural Address of George Bush FRIDAY, JANUARY 20, 1989 Mr. Chief Justice, Mr. President, Vice President Quayle, Senator Mitchell, Speaker Wright, Senator Dole, Congressman Michel, and fellow citizens, neighbors, and friends: There is a man here who has earned a lasting place in our hearts and in our history. President Reagan, on behalf of our Nation, I thank you for the wonderful things that you have done for America. I have just repeated word for word the oath taken by George Washington 200 years ago, and the Bible on which I placed my hand is the Bible on which he placed his. It is right that the memory of Washington be with us today, not only because this is our Bicentennial Inauguration, but because Washington remains the Father of our Country. And he would, I think, be gladdened by this day; for today is the concrete expression of a stunning fact: our continuity these 200 years since our government began. We meet on democracy's front porch, a good place to talk as neighbors and as friends. For this is a day when our nation is made whole, when our differences, for a moment, are suspended. And my first act as President is a prayer. I ask you to bow your heads: Heavenly Father, we bow our heads and thank You for Your love. Accept our thanks for the peace that yields this day and the shared faith that makes its continuance likely. Make us strong to do Your work, willing to heed and hear Your will, and write on our hearts these words: "Use power to help people." For we are given power not to advance our own purposes, nor to make a great show in the world, nor a name. There is but one just use of power, and it is to serve people. Help us to remember it, Lord. Amen. I come before you and assume the Presidency at a moment rich with promise. We live in a peaceful, prosperous time, but we can make it better. For a new breeze is blowing, and a world refreshed by freedom seems reborn; for in man's heart, if not in fact, the day of the dictator is over. The totalitarian era is passing, its old ideas blown away like leaves from an ancient, lifeless tree. A new breeze is blowing, and a nation refreshed by freedom stands ready to push on. There is new ground to be broken, and new action to be taken. There are times when the future seems thick as a fog; you sit and wait, hoping the mists will lift and reveal the right
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人物志：美国国父华盛顿总统 乔治·华盛顿（George Washington，1732年2月22日—1799年12月14日），美国杰出的资产阶级政治家、军事家、革命家，美国开国元勋、国父、首任总统。1775年至1783年美国独立战争时任大陆军（Continental Army）的总司令，1787年主持了制宪会议。会议制定了现在实施的美国宪法。1789年，他经过全体选举团无异议的支持而成为美国第一任总统（其同时也成为全世界第一位以“总统”为称号的国家元首，首任总统），在接连两次选举中都获得了全体选举团无异议支持，一直担任总统直到1797年。他在两届的任期中设立了许多持续到今天的政策和传统。在两届任期结束后，他自愿放弃权力不再谋求续任。华盛顿由于扮演了美国独立战争和建国中最重要的角色，故被尊称为“美国国父”，又称“合众国之父”。学者们则将他和亚伯拉罕·林肯、富兰克林·罗斯福并列为美国历史上最伟大的总统。乔治·华盛顿被美国的权威期刊《大西洋月刊》评为影响美国的100位人物第2名。中文名乔治·华盛顿 外文名George Washington国籍美国民族美利坚民族出生地维吉尼亚州 威斯特摩兰县出生日期1732年2月22日逝世日期1799年12月14日职业政治家，
军事家，总统毕业院校威廉与玛丽学院（William and Mary）信仰自然神论主要成就带领 美国赢得独立战争，获得独立主 持制定了美国宪法，领导创立了民主政体 担任美国首任总统尊称 美国国父，美国之父军衔美利坚合众国特级上将 华盛顿自己不当国王，也坚决反对实行君主制。 后来他当选两任总统，届满决不恋栈。事后人们分析，华盛顿如果迷恋权力，想再连任并不是难事。他坚决放弃了这种机会，这固然归功于他的个人品格；同时也与他生活的社会环境大有关系。民主传统造就了华盛顿这样不擅专权的心理基础，而他的适时引退，又为这种政治文化传统增添了新的内涵。1787年通过的联邦宪法，明文规定总统任期为4年，并没有限制可连任的次数。这个漏洞为某些权力迷提供了无限连任、乃至终身不退，子子孙孙代代相传的机会。这位开国总统以身作则开创了一个先例；先例又变成传统：美国总统连任最多不得超过两届，杜绝了继任者三次连任的可能。直到1947年，美国第8届国会提出了一项修正案，要求把总统任职的期限明文限定在两届以内。1951年该项修 正法案获得通过，成为宪法第22条修正案。从此宪法正式 规定“任何人不得被选任总统两届以上”。在1790年代上半叶，
2018年中美贸易战-事件盘点
2018年中美贸易战事件盘点 最近更新：2018/9/24 美国正式对大约2000亿美元的中国商品征收额外10%的关税。 中国方面进行反击，正式对约600亿美元的美国商品额外加征5%-10%的关税。同时，中国发布《关于中美经贸摩擦的事实和中方立场》白皮书，充分阐明了中国作为负责任大国的政策立场，将贸易战中的事实进行澄清，驳斥美国单方面一意孤行挑起贸易争端的各种行为论调。 2018/3/9 美国总统特朗普在白宫正式签署了命令，将于15天后对进口的钢铁和铝分别征收25%和10%的关税。
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美国总统罗斯福就职演讲稿
美国总统罗斯福就职演讲稿（英文,中文版） 美国总统罗斯福就职演讲稿（英文版） President Hoover, Mr. Chief Justice, my friends: This is a day of national consecration. And I am certain that on this day my fellow Americans expect that on my induction into the Presidency, I will address them with a candor and a decision which the present situation of our people impels. This is preeminently the time to speak the truth, the whole truth, frankly and boldly. Nor need we shrink from honestly facing conditions in our country today. This great Nation will endure, as it has endured, will revive and will prosper. So, first of all, let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself -- nameless, unreasoning, unjustified terror which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance. In every dark hour of our national life, a leadership of frankness and of vigor has met with that understanding and support of the people themselves which is essential to victory. And I am convinced that you will again give that support to leadership in these critical days. In such a spirit on my part and on yours we face our common difficulties. They concern, thank God, only material things. Values have shrunk to fantastic levels; taxes have risen; our ability to pay has fallen; government of all kinds is faced by serious curtailment of income; the means of exchange are frozen in the currents of trade; the withered leaves of industrial enterprise lie on every side; farmers find no markets for their produce; and the savings of many years in thousands of families are gone. More important, a host of unemployed citizens face the grim problem of existence, and an equally great number toil with little return. Only a foolish optimist can deny the dark realities of the moment. And yet our distress comes from no failure of substance. We are stricken by no plague of locusts. Compared with the perils which our forefathers conquered, because they believed and were not afraid, we have still much to be thankful for. Nature still offers her bounty and human efforts have multiplied it. Plenty is at our doorstep, but a generous use of it languishes in the very sight of the supply. Primarily, this is because the rulers of the exchange of mankind's goods have failed, through their own stubbornness and their own incompetence, have admitted their failure, and have abdicated. Practices of the unscrupulous money changers stand indicted in the court of public opinion, rejected by the hearts and minds of men. True, they have tried. But their efforts have been cast in the pattern of an outworn tradition. Faced by failure of credit, they have proposed only the lending of more money. Stripped of the lure of profit by which to induce our people to follow their false leadership, they have resorted to exhortations, pleading tearfully for restored confidence. They only know the rules of a generation
1933年美国总统罗斯福就职演说
First Inaugural Address of Franklin D. Roosevelt SATURDAY, MARCH 4, 1933 I am certain that my fellow Americans expect that on my induction into the Presidency I will address them with a candor and a decision which the present situation of our Nation impels. This is preeminently the time to speak the truth, the whole truth, frankly and boldly. Nor need we shrink from honestly facing conditions in our country today. This great Nation will endure as it has endured, will revive and will prosper. So, first of all, let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself--nameless, unreasoning, unjustified terror which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance. In every dark hour of our national life a leadership of frankness and vigor has met with that understanding and support of the people themselves which is essential to victory. I am convinced that you will again give that support to leadership in these critical days. In such a spirit on my part and on yours we face our common difficulties. They concern, thank God, only material things. Values have shrunken to fantastic levels; taxes have risen; our ability to pay has fallen; government of all kinds is faced by serious curtailment of income; the means of exchange are frozen in the currents of trade; the withered leaves of industrial enterprise lie on every side; farmers find no markets for their produce; the savings of many years in thousands of families are gone. More important, a host of unemployed citizens face the grim problem of existence, and an equally great number toil with little return. Only a foolish optimist can deny the dark realities of the moment. Yet our distress comes from no failure of substance. We are stricken by no plague of locusts. Compared with the perils which our forefathers conquered because they believed and were not afraid, we have still much to be thankful for. Nature still offers her bounty and human efforts have multiplied it. Plenty is at our doorstep, but a generous use of it languishes in the very sight of the supply. Primarily this is because the rulers of the exchange of mankind's goods have failed, through their own stubbornness and their own incompetence, have admitted their failure, and abdicated. Practices of the unscrupulous money changers stand indicted in the court of public opinion, rejected by the hearts and minds of men. True they have tried, but their efforts have been cast in the pattern of an outworn tradition. Faced by failure of credit they have proposed only the lending of more money. Stripped of the lure of profit by which to induce our people to follow their false leadership, they have resorted to exhortations, pleading tearfully for restored confidence. They know only the rules of a generation of self-seekers. They have no vision, and when there is no vision the people perish. The money changers have fled from their high seats in the temple of our civilization. We may now restore that temple to the ancient truths. The measure of the restoration lies in the extent to which we apply social values more noble than mere monetary profit. Happiness lies not in the mere possession of money; it lies in the joy of achievement, in the thrill of creative effort. The joy and moral stimulation of work no longer must be forgotten in the mad chase of evanescent profits. These dark days will be worth all they cost us if they teach us that our true destiny is not to be ministered unto but to minister to ourselves and to our fellow men. Recognition of the falsity of material wealth as the standard of success goes hand in hand with the abandonment of the false belief that public office and high political position are to be valued only by the standards of pride of place and personal profit; and there must be an end to a conduct in banking and in business which too often has given to a sacred trust the likeness of callous and selfish wrongdoing. Small wonder that confidence languishes, for it thrives only on honesty, on honor, on the sacredness of obligations, on faithful protection, on unselfish performance; without them it cannot live. Restoration calls, however, not for changes in ethics alone. This Nation asks for action, and action now. Our greatest primary task is to put people to work. This is no unsolvable problem if we face it wisely and courageously. It can be accomplished in part by direct recruiting by the Government itself, treating the task as we would treat the emergency of a war, but at the same time, through this employment, accomplishing greatly needed projects to stimulate and reorganize the use of our natural resources. Hand in hand with this we must frankly recognize the overbalance of population in our industrial centers and, by engaging on a national scale in a redistribution, endeavor to provide a better use of the land for those best fitted for the land. The task can be helped by definite efforts to raise the values of agricultural products and with this the power to purchase the output of our cities. It can be helped by preventing realistically the tragedy of the growing loss through foreclosure
高三历史美国首任总统华盛顿
第三单元资产阶级政治家 第8课美国首任总统华盛顿 教案 【课标要求】 1. 概述华盛顿在美国独立战争中和建国初期的主要事迹。 2. 评价华盛顿的历史贡献。 【教学目标】 1．知识与能力 了解华盛顿的成长历程，认识影响华盛顿思想变化的时代背景。了解华盛顿在独立战争中的主要活动，认识华盛顿个性特点及其领导组织才能与独立战争胜利的内在联系性。 了解华盛顿在独立战争胜利后主动引退的史实，认识华盛顿的伟人风范；了解华盛顿担任总统期间的政治活动，认识其坚定的共和思想和高超的领导才能。 2．过程与方法 教师可运用多媒体课件、图片、影视资料等手段，激发学生的学习兴趣，拓展学生视野教师应注重历史人物学习的现实意义，通过帮助学生了解华盛顿的思想及活动，引导学生进行自我教育，发挥历史学科的社会功能。 3．情感、态度与价值观 华盛顿在领导美国独立战争中所表现出的非凡勇气和卓越的指挥才能，使他无愧于“美国之父”的荣誉，而他的奉献、坚韧和宽容精神，更是他留给人们的精神遗产。通过了解华盛顿的伟大贡献，正确认识美国独立战争胜利的必然性及与华盛顿个人功绩之间的辩证关系。 【教学重点】 1．华盛顿在独立战争中的卓越功绩。 2．华盛顿在领导美国初建过程中的贡献。 【教学难点】 1．华盛顿思想的转变以及华盛顿领导独立战争取得胜利的原因。 2．如何客观全面地看待华盛顿在美国国家制度草创过程中的作用。 【教学课时】 1课时 【教学过程】 （导入新课）创设情境、激发兴趣 （提出问题）： 导入：今天我要带大家走近这样一个人： （幻灯片）在生前他没有利用手中的权力为自己制造崇拜者，去世后美国人常常将他同“人类的救星”耶稣相提并论。 1832年，在他诞生100周年纪念日前夕，一名国会议员在演说中把2月22日他生日同圣诞节并列为创世纪以来人类仅有的两个值得庆贺的诞辰。 美国人普遍认为在家里挂一幅他的画像是神圣义务。 在1845年出版的关于他的画传中，作者认为，婴孩出世第一句应学的话是妈妈，其次是爸爸，第三是他。这个人是谁？ （学生活动）华盛顿
给特朗普总统的一封信
给特朗普总统的一封信 给特朗普总统的一封信 万喆2017/01/21 尊敬的特朗普总统：您好！您已经成为美国总统了，在此表示诚挚的祝贺和衷心的祝福！您一定有点奇怪，按理说，这种祝贺都是由国家元首发出的，我一个小老百姓，怎么会想起凑这种热闹呢？对抗还是共识？事实上，我自己也是存着一些疑惑的。本来，从我一个中国吃瓜群众的角度看，咱们各干好自己的事儿，不就行了吗？但是，自从您选举获胜以来，各种消息层出不穷，好像中美两国的关系进入到了一个前所未有的复杂阶段，许多人提出许多对抗性很强的议题，让人咂舌。作为一个啥也不是的人，生活在当今全球最重要的这段关系中，我也不禁被动和主动产生了一系列的想法，不吐不快。首先，尽管当前的舆论环境中的对立情绪似乎不弱，但通过现象看本质，我却认为，中美两国的这一届政府，至少在三个极其重要的问题上有几乎一致的共识。第一个问题是人民币汇率。要知道，在整个2016年，世界上有两个声音认定并大声疾呼中国的人民币被低估了，根本不应该贬值，甚至需要进一步升值。一个声音是中国的人民日报，另一个声音就来自正在如火如荼进行大选的特朗普总统您。第二个问题是国内改革。双
方新政府都显示出强烈的改革愿望，并且表示出将拿出决心、智慧和勇气推行、深化改革。第三个问题是目的。中美这一届政府都再三强调人民的福祉，并将使人民获得幸福作为努力的最终和最高目标。这些问题实际上奠定了政府运行的方向和基础，而两国如此相似。当然，两国一定有很多的不同，乃至分歧。但是，既然都是为了民众服务，不妨来看看，两国民众的基础观点或认识是否有合作的基础呢？美国人关心的问题对于美国民众而言，也许他们对中国所关心的是两个方面。第一个方面，中国是否尊重美国？这个答案其实是相当肯定的。美国在全球的地位并非一日建成，尤其在二战后，与其说这是个经济强大、政治强大、军事强大的现象，不如说这是个漫长的、深刻的信用建立过程。美国在全球治理中的贡献是个长期的事业，值得也获得了中国人的尊重。我是个最普通不过的人，因此不能说代表了谁，但正由于我的普通，应该有很多人都和我差不多，爱中国，但也对美国怀有喜欢之情，看个美剧啦、吃个美餐啦，等等。这些喜欢也许非常鸡零狗碎，但从根本上，还是源于一种尊重。在近年来中国倡导的“命运共同体”概念中， 也将中美关系放在了非常重要的位置，并且希望打通发展中国家与发达国家的对话渠道，使大家建立更为紧密的关系，为全球治理的新秩序奠定更扎实的基础。第二个方面，美国的问题是不是都是中国造成的？这个问题我其实也经
形势与政策课程论文——特朗普对中美贸易关系的影响
形势与政策课程论文 特朗普对中美贸易关系的影响 学生院系： 学生姓名： 学生学号：
一、引言 2016年11月9日美国大选结果出炉，共和党候选人唐纳德·特朗普出人意料地以较大优势击败民主党人希拉里胜选，并于2017年1月20日宣誓就职。作为一位“前所未见”，“特立独行“的美国总统，他的政策取向对中国有何影响？在特朗普执政接近一周年之际，特别是去年11月特朗普访华之后，中美关系有走向哪些新的动态，值得我们去思考评析。 二、来自美国的挑战 从特朗普的执政理念来看，在经济层面，他推崇贸易保护主义政策。减少贸易逆差并将制造业岗位带回美国可能是特朗普政府贸易政策议程中最显著的两项目标。鉴于中国与美国的双边贸易顺差较高，以及中国作为制造业强国的现实，中国很容易成为美国贸易保护主义新浪潮中的打击目标。他在当选总统之前曾多次在大选辩论和其他公开场合抨击中国：他常将“中国用从美国偷来的钱养肥了自己”挂在嘴边；他斥责中国偷走了美国人的工作；他曾多次指责中国操纵人民币汇率，使中国出口产品在全球市场上更有竞争力，并称中国在贸易问题上“杀死”美国；他曾表示，要对中国进口的产品征45%的重税。虽然这很难成为现实，但美国对中国经济的“发难”已经开始了。 对外，虽然特朗普访华在一片和谐的氛围中结束，但很快美国就决定对中国发起“301调查”，来调查中国的“不公平贸易行为”，美国政府佷可能将根据调查结果，采取一系列针对中国的贸易保护措施。这也是延续了美国政府一贯的政策，自2001年中国加入世贸组织以来, 美国主要利用美国的贸易救济法来处理中国的“不公平”贸易行为问题。在奥巴马主政期间, 美国就对中国采取了越来越敌对的贸易政策取向。而在特朗普时代，我们可以相信美国对中国的贸易敌对将加剧。 对内，特朗普政府实施了美国有史以来最大规模的减税计划，目的是为了吸引制造业回流，刺激美国的经济增长, 创造更多就业机会, 吸引全球资本积聚到美国本土。比起美国, 在中国投资的成本将变大, 长期看不仅会抑制跨国企业或国际大牌企业在中国的大额投资, 中国制造走向世界也面临成本增加。据波士顿咨询公司2013年的研究报告, 当时在美国制造商品的平均成本只比在中国高5%。2015年, 在美国低成本地区生产已经变得和在中国生产一样经济划算。更令人震惊的是, 到2018年, 美国制造的成本将进一步低于中国。 很多美国的跨国企业都落户在我国, 他们迁回美国就意味着要抛掉人民币买入美元, 会加速人民币贬值。随着美国“缩表”计划开始实施, 美元的价值也将得到大幅提升, 人民币贬值的压力空前加大。当前, 我国经济正处于“稳增长”、“去杠杆”的阶段, 货币政策还将保持稳健的态势, 人民币贬值预期已经逐步累积。人民币资产价格的下降, 可使我国企业的资产负债率提高, 拥有的财富减少, 也可能影响部分企业的经营。 三、中国的应对 如果美中爆发贸易战，两国贸易都会受到消极影响，在短期和长期都造成GDP和福利损失。对中国来说，与美国在双边贸易方面采取以牙还牙的对抗或许并非好的选择。 鉴于特朗普当局已将中美贸易不平衡提上了他们的贸易政策议程中，为避免中美之间 2
2013年奥巴马就任总统演讲2013.1.21(中英文版)
视频参考 https://www.360docs.net/doc/6c2253424.html,/p/news/w/v/2013-01-22/052261982905.html Vice President Biden, Mr. Chief Justice, Members of the United States Congress, distinguished guests, and fellow citizens: Each time we gather to inaugurate a president, we bear witness to the enduring strength of our Constitution. We affirm the promise of our democracy. We recall that what binds this nation together is not the colors of our skin or the tenets of our faith or the origins of our names. What makes us exceptional – what makes us American – is our allegiance to an idea, articulated in a declaration made more than two centuries ago: “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable r ights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.” Today we continue a never-ending journey, to bridge the meaning of those words with the realities of our time. For history tells us that while these truths may be self-evident, they have never been self-executing; that while freedom is a gift from God, it must be secured by His people here on Earth. The patriots of 1776 did not fight to replace the tyranny of a king with the privileges of a few or the rule of a mob. They gave to us a Republic, a government of, and by, and for the people, entrusting each generation to keep safe our founding creed. For more than two hundred years, we have. Through blood drawn by lash and blood drawn by sword, we learned that no union founded on the principles of liberty and equality could survive half-slave and half-free. We made ourselves anew, and vowed to move forward together. Together, we determined that a modern economy requires railroads and highways to speed travel and commerce; schools and colleges to train our workers。 Together, we discovered that a free market only thrives when there are rules to ensure competition and fair play. Together, we resolved that a great nation must care for the vulnerable, and protect its people from life’s worst hazards and misfortune. Through it all, we have never relinquished our skepticism of central authority, nor have we succumbed to the fiction that all society’s ills can be cured through government alone. Our celebration of initiative and enterprise; our insistence on hard work and personal responsibility, these are constants in our character.
共济会资料：美国开国总统华盛顿的共济会简历
共济会资料：美国开国总统华盛顿的共济会简历 美国开国总统华盛顿的共济会简历华盛顿身穿共济会石匠围裙为美国首都主持奠基礼 美国首任总统乔治．华盛顿于1752年11月4日在弗吉尼亚州弗雷德里克斯堡加入共济会，成为入门学徒（Entered Apprentice）。 1753年3月3日升级为石匠副手（Fellow Craft）。 同年8月4日升级为石匠大师（Master Mason），每一次晋升都是在星期六。 1777年弗吉尼亚州共济总会任命华盛顿为该州石匠领袖（grand master）。 1780年宾夕法尼亚共济总会提议建立北美共济总会，并选举华盛顿出任会长，华盛顿时任美国大陆军总司令，故未就职。 1788年5月29日华盛顿当选弗吉尼亚州亚历山大市共济会的第一位石匠大师。 1805年该会所命名为华盛顿亚历山大会所Washington Alexandria Lodge 以纪念华盛顿。 1797年华盛顿给马萨诸塞州共济总会的信中写道：“我对兄弟会社团的依赖促使我一直尽最大的努力为它带来荣誉和
繁荣。” "My attachment to the Society of which we are members will dispose me always to contribute my best endeavors to promote the honor and prosperity of the Craft."美国共济会为华盛顿建立的圣殿：位于弗吉尼亚州亚历山大市的乔治．华盛顿共济会纪念堂，华盛顿青铜头像上方可见到巨大的共济会标志。【华盛顿简历】 乔治·华盛顿（George Washington1732年2月22日－1799年12月14日），1775年至1783年美国独立战争时大陆军（Continental Army）的总司令，1787年他主持了制宪会议，制定了现在的美国宪法。 1789年华盛顿成为美国第一任总统（其同时也成为全世界第一位以“总统”为称号的国家元首），在接连两次选举中都获得了全体选举团无异议支持。华盛顿一直担任总统直到1797年。 华盛顿早年在法国印第安人战争（French and Indian War）中曾担任大英帝国一方的殖民军军官。之后在美国独立战争中率领法国支持的大陆军团赢得美国独立。晚年他拒绝共济会怂恿他领导军事政权的提议，而回到了维农山（Mount Vernon）的庄园恢复平民生活。 华盛顿的一生就是美国开国史的缩影。华盛顿身后被排名为