动词ing形式作主语和宾语(知识梳理)
动词--ing形式作主语和宾语
动名词是非谓动词的又一种形式。它在形式上与现在分词相同，都是在动词原形的词末加-ing。在现代语法中，这两种形式同视为"-ing形式"。这两种形式的另一个相同之处是：它们都是由动词变化而成的，它们都保留了动词的某些特征，它们都能带自己的宾语、状语，而构成动名词短语或是现在分词短语去担当句子成分。
动名词- 概述
动名词是非限定动词的一种形式，由动词原形+ing构成。它既有动词的特征，又有名词的特征，故称。动名词也有时态和语态的变化，如表所示（以及物动词write为例），不及物动词没有语态的变化。
动名词- 动名词的结构和形式
动名词的否定结构
动名词的否定结构由not加动名词组成。如：
Trying without success is better than not trying at all.
实验没有成功也比不实验好。
He hated himself for not having work hard.
他悔恨自己没有用功。
I’m sorry for not having telephoned you before.
很抱歉，没有早给你打电话。
He felt sorry for not having done the work well.
他为没有把工作做好感到难过。
I fancy it has done you a lot of good not going.
我看不去对你倒好了。（not going 是动名词一般式的否定形式）
There is no denying the fact that he is diligent. （no denying 也是动名词一般式的否定）
动名词复合结构
通常情况下，动名词的逻辑主语为谓语动词的主语。如果动名词动作的发出者不是谓语动词的主语时，则需要有自己的逻辑主语----物主代词或名词所有格加动名词就构成了动名词的复合结构，这种结构在句中可以作主语，宾语等。
（1）逻辑主语是有生命的名词作主语时，必须用名词或代词所有格，作宾语时（尤其在口语中），也可用名词普通格或人称代词宾格。如：
Do you think my going there will be of any help?
你看我去会有什么帮助吗？（宾语）
The student’s knowing English well helps him in learning French.
这位学生通晓英语对他学法语很有帮助。（主语）
Do you mind my(me) smoking ?
你介意我抽烟吗？（宾语）
They insist on Mary’s (Mary) going with them there.
他们坚持要玛丽跟他们一起去那儿。（介词宾语）
（2）逻辑主语是无生命名词是，通常只用名词普通格。如：
Do you hear the rain pattering on the roof?
你听见雨点打在屋顶上了吗？
Is there any hope of our team winning the match ?
我们对赢得比赛有希望吗？
(3) 逻辑主语是指示代词或不定代词this，that , somebody , someone , nobody, none, anybody, anyone 时，只用普通格。如：
She was woken up by somebody shouting outside.
她被外面喊叫的人吵醒了。
动名词的形式（一般式，完成式和被动式）
(1) 动名词的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，或在谓语动词表示的动作之后。如：
We are very interested in collecting stamps.
我们对集邮很感兴趣。
His coming will be of great help to us .
他来对我们大有帮助。
但是有些明确表示时间的动词和介词after, on, upon, 或for之后，常用一般式代替完成式，表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。如：
I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall for the first time.
我永远不会忘记第一次看到长城的情景。
On hearing that bad news , the mother couldn’t help crying.
一听到这个糟糕的消息，母亲就禁不住哭了起来。
Excuse me for coming late.
我来晚了，请原谅。
Thank you for giving us so much help.
谢谢你给了我们这么多帮助。
(2) 动名词的完成式所表示的动作或状态在谓语动词之前完成或结束。
He regrets not having taken part in the work.
他后悔没有参加这项工作。
We were praised for having finished the work ahead of time.
我们因提前完成了这项工作而受到了表扬。
(3)动名词的被动式：当动名词的逻辑主语是行为承受者时，用被动语态。如：
I like being given harder work.
我喜欢接受难点的工作。
She is proud of being admitted into the university.
她为被大学录取而感到自豪。
The meeting was put off without his having been consulted.
会议延期并未和他商量。
He doesn’t mind having been criticized.
他不介意过去受到的批评。
动名词的作用
动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。
1、作主语
Reading is an art. 读书是一种艺术。
Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山是真有趣。
Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffer. 在这种工作条件下工作不是愉快而
是痛苦。
动名词作主语，有时先用it作形式主语，把动名词置于句末。这种用法在习惯句型中常用。如：
It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 洒掉的牛奶哭也没用。
It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 劝说这样的人加入真是浪费时间。
It was hard getting on the crowded street car. 上这种拥挤的车真难。
It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。
There is no joking about such matters. 对这种事情不是开玩笑。
动名词作主语的几种类型
动名词可以在句子中充当名词所能充当的多种句子成分。在这里仅就动名词在句子中作主语的情况进行讨论。
动名词作主语有如下几种常见情况：
1. 直接位于句首做主语。例如：
Swimming is a good sport in summer.
2. 用it 作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。
动名词做主语时，不太常用it 作先行主语，多见于某些形容词及名词之后。例如：
It is no use telling him not to worry.
常见的能用于这种结构的形容词还有：better，wonderful，enjoyable，interesting，foolish，difficult，useless，senseless，worthwhile，等。
注意：important，essential，necessary 等形容词不能用于上述结构。
3. 用于“There be”结构中。例如：
There is no saying when he'll come.很难说他何时回来。
4. 用于布告形式的省略结构中。例如：
No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ).
No parking.
5. 动名词的复合结构作主语
当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格，构成动名词的复合结构(这时，名词或代词的所有格做动名词的逻辑主语)。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。例如：
Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.
动名词作与动词不定式作主语的比较
动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语。在意义上相近。但动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象动作，不定式多用来表示特指或具体动作。比较：
Smoking is not good for health.
It is not good for you to smoke so much.
注意：
1)在口语中，用动名词作主语位于句首的较不定式多见。
2)在“It is no use...”，“It is no good...”，“It is fun...”，“It is a waste of time...”等句型中，通常用动名词作真实主语：
It is no use/good/a waste of time talking about that.
*It is no use/good/a waste of time to talk about that.
3)在疑问句中，通常用动名词的复合结构，而不用不定式的复合结构作主语：
Does your saying that mean anything to him？
*Does it for you to say that mean anything to him？
4)在“There be”句型中，只能用动名词，而不能用不定式作主语：
There is no telling what will happen.
It is impossible to tell what will happen.
5)当句子中的主语和表语都是非限定动词时，要遵循前后一致的原则，主语和表语在形式上要求统一：
Seeing is believing.
*To see is to believe.
2、作宾语
（1）作动词的宾语
某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有：advise，allow，permit，avoid，consider，enjoy，finish，give up，cannot help，imagine，include，keep，keep on，mind，miss，put off，delay，practise，resist，suggest，depend on，think about，set about，succeed in，worry about，burst out，insist on，can’t stand，be used to，get used to，devote…to…，look forward to，
pay attention to，get down to等。如：
They went on walking and never stopped talking. 他们继续走，说个不停。
I found it pleasant walking along the seashore. 在海滩上走真是乐事。
（2）作介词的宾语
We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. 我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work？我们休息呢还是开始干活？
（3）作形容词的宾语
The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这种曲子很值得多听几遍。
We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet. 我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备。
3、作表语
动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。
Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任务就是擦窗户。(Cleaning the windows is your task.) What I hate most is being laughed at. 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。(Being laughed at
is what I hate most.)
4、作定语
动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如：
a walking stick ＝a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking
a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing
a reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for reading
a measuring tape=a tape for measuring=a tape which is used for measuring
sleeping pills=pills for sleeping=pills which is used for sleeping
动名词的逻辑主语
带有逻辑主语的动名词称为动名词的复合结构。当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在动名词之前加上物主代词或名词所有格，这便构成了动名词的复合结构。其中物主代词（名词所有格）是逻辑上的主语，动名词是逻辑上的谓语。动名词复合结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等，分别相当于一个主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句。如：
Her coming to help encouraged all of us. 他来帮忙鼓舞了我。(=That she came to help encouraged all of us.)
Jane’s being careless caused so much trouble.简这么粗心惹来了不少麻烦。(=That Jane was careless caused so much trouble.)
What’s troubling t hem is their not having enough food. 烦扰他们的是食物不足。
(=What troubling them is that they have no enough food.)
在口语中，如果动名词复合结构作宾语，其中的物主代词常用人称代词宾格，名词所有格常用名词普通格来代替，但在句首作主语时不能这样来代替。如：
Would you mind my/me using your computer？用下你的电脑介意吗？
The father insisted on his son’s/his son going to college.爸爸坚决要求儿子上大学。
Mary’s (不可用Mary) being ill made her mother upset. 玛丽病了，使她妈妈很着急。
His (不可用Him)smoking made his family angry. 他抽烟使他一家人非常生气。
在下列情况下动名词的逻辑主语必须用名词的普通格或人称代词宾格：
a.无命名词
The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting. 这个婴儿被猛烈的关门声吵醒。
b. 有生命名词但表示泛指意义
Have you ever heard of women practising boxing？你听说过妇女练拳击吗？
c. 两个以上的有生命名词并列
Do you remember your parents and me telling about this？你记得你父母和我都告诉过你这事吗？
动名词的时态和语态
一般式
writing主动语态
being written被动语态
完成式
having written主动语态
having been written被动语态
其否定形式是在doing前加上not
1、动名词一般式表示的动作通常是一般性动作，即不是明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的动作，或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的动作。如：
I hate talking with such people. 我讨厌与这样的人说话。
Being careless is not a good habit. 粗心不是一个好习惯。
2、动名词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。如：
I don’t remember h aving met him before. 我记不得以前见过他。
Thank you for having taking so much trouble to help. 谢谢你费力帮忙。
3、动名词的逻辑主语同时也是动名词动作的承受者，动名词用被动语态。
（1）它的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，或在其前发生。如：
I don’t like being laughed at in public.在公共场合下，我不喜欢被别人嘲笑。
（2）它的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。如：
I am very pleased at your having been honoured with a medal. 我很高兴你能获得这样的奖牌。（3）在某些动词，我们常用动名词的一般式表示完成式，尽管动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，这似乎是一种强大的习惯。如：
Excuse me for being late. 我来晚了请你原谅。
I don’t remember ever meeting somewhere.我记不得原来在什么地方见过。
Thank you for giving us so much help. 谢谢给我们这么大的帮助。
（4）在多数情况下都避免使用动名词被动语态完成式，而用一般式代替，以免句子显得累赘，尤其是在口语中。如：
I forget once being taken (having been taken ) to the city zoo. 我曾被带到过这个动物园，可我忘了。
（5）动名词被动语态一般式与现在分词被动语态一般式同形，但无进行意义，being不可省略。如：
She is afraid of being taken to the public. 她怕被领到大众面前。
动名词- 常见题型
1）动名词做主语时，谓语动词为单数
2）在动名词和不定式中，作为介词的宾语是动名词
3）动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词，通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语
例：
I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon.
A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you’re calling（Key：C；换成your calling也对）4）另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法
it’s no good；it’s no/little/hardly any/ use；it’s not/hardly/scarcely use；it’s worthwhile；spend money/time；there’s no；there’s no point in；there’s nothing worse than；what’s the use/point...有很多动词后面既可以加上-ing形式，也可以用不定式。如：start, begin, like, love, hate, dislike, go on, stop, remember, forget, mean, regret, try, be afraid等。
比较一下这些动词加上动名词和不定式的区别：
start和begin
Let’s start/begin to swim.
= Let’s start/begin swimming.
Let’s start our journey.
Let’s start the car.
We are beginning/starting to work hard.
They got up, beginning/starting to study.
like, dislike, love, hate…
We like painting in the open air.
He hates talking with strangers.
I love to show you around our school.
I like singing very much but I don’t like to sing right now with so many people around me.
go on to do和go on doing
After eating two burgers, he went on to talk about his experience in Norway.
Although it has been two hours, he is still going on talking about his life.
stop to do和stop doing
The movie is on. Please stop making any sound.
He didn’t want to stop to move back to China.
What he wants to do is to stop being silent to talk about the truth.
remember to do和remember doing
I remember sending the email. I don’t know why he still hasn’t got it.
Remember to write every detail on your paper so that nothing can be missed.
forget to do和forget doing
I am terribly sorry to have forgotten to send the email.
I forgot sending the email. (Maybe I did, maybe not. I am not sure.)=
I forgot whether I sent the email or not.
He totally forgot that he had sent the email.
mean to do和mean doing
Please don’t cry. I didn’t mean to hurt you.
Price of daily food is going up, which means paying more money.
regret to do和regret doing
I regret to say/to tell you/to inform you that you failed in the exam.
Now she has already regretted marrying that rich man who was as old as her father.
try to do和try doing
He has been trying to lose some weight but in vain.
Try to make more friends in college.
He tried calling him but no one answered.
be afraid to do和be afraid of doing
She is afraid to go into the dark alley alone.
They are afraid of losing more money.
He is afraid to go back home because he is afraid of being punished by his parents.
动名词- 动名词与现在分词的同与不同
动名词它在形式上与现在分词相同，都是在动词原形的词末加-ing。在现代语法中，这两种形式同视为“-ing形式”。这两种形式的另一个相同之处是：它们都是由动词变化而成的，它们都保留了动词的某些特征，它们都能带自己的宾语、状语，而构成动名词短语或是现在分词短语去担当句子成分。例如：
Speaking in the public ，he will surely be very cheerful .
（现在分词短语，作状语）他在公众场所讲话时总是兴高采烈的。
She hates speaking in the public.
（动名词短语，作宾语）她不喜欢在公众场所讲话。
区别：
1、动名词和现在分词都可以用于系动词之后作表语，区别方法是：
①作表语的动名词与主语指的是同一件事，此时系动词相当于“是”，通常把主语和表语的位置互换，语法和意思不变，例如：
My hobby is swimming.可改为Swimming is my hobby.(可将原句中的主语与表语位置互换) ②现在分词作表语主要用以说明主语的性质，不能与主语互换位置，例如：
The story is interesting .不可改为：Interesting is the story.
动名词和现在分词都可以用作定语来修饰名词，两者的区别在于：
动名词修饰名词时主要表示该名词的用途，而现在分词修饰名词时性质、状态或动作等。试比较：
①a swimming boy和a swimming suit
前者的意思是“一个正在游泳的男孩”，即a boy who is swimming ，现在分词swimming 表示被修饰名词boy的动作；而后者的意思是“游泳衣”，即a suit for swimming ，动名词swimming表示suit 的用途
②a sleeping child 和 a sleeping car
前者的意思是“一个正在睡觉的孩子”，即a child who is sleeping ，现在分词sleeping 表示被修饰名词child 正处于的状态；而后者的意思是“卧车(被用来睡觉的车厢)”，即 a car which is used for sleeping ，动名词sleeping 表示car 的用途？
动名词- 动名词作主语、宾语和表语
1）作主语。例如：
Fighting broke out between the South and the North. 南方与北方开战了。
2）作宾语
a. 有些动词可以用动名词作宾语。例如：
admit承认appreciate感激avoid避免complete完成consider认delay耽误
deny否认detest讨厌endure忍受enjoy喜欢escape逃脱fancy想象
finish完成imagine想象mind介意miss想念postpone推迟practice训练
recall回忆resent讨厌resume继续resist抵抗risk冒险suggest建议
face面对include包括stand忍受understand理解forgive宽恕keep继续
例如：Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? 你把收音机音量调小一点，好吗
The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught. 这松鼠幸运得很，刚逃避了被逮住的厄运。
b. 有些结构后面可以用动名词作宾语或其他成分。例如：
admit to, prefer…to, be used to, lead to, devote oneself to, object to, stick to,
no good, no use, be fond of, look forward to, be proud of ,be busy ,can't help
be tired of, be capable of, be afraid of, think of ,burst out, keep on, insist on,
count on, set about, put off, be good at, take up, give up, be successful in
3）作表语，对主语说明、解释。例如：
Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children.
她的工作是洗刷、清扫和照顾孩子。
比较：She is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children.
4）作定语，一般表示所修饰名词事物的用途。例如：
a writing desk=a desk for writing 写字台
a swimming pool=a pool swimming 游泳池
有些动名词作定语，与所修饰的名词关系比较复杂。例如：
boiling point=a temperature point at which something begins to boil 沸点
a walking tractor=a tractor which a driver can operate while he or she is walking behind it 手扶拖拉机
动名词做主语终极版
动名词做主语和宾语 The -ing form as the Subject and Object I 自主学习 Lead-in 语法导入 动词的-ing 形式可分为动名词和现在分词两类。作为动名词，它有名词的基本性质，因此动名词可以在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语，宾语补足语和定语。本单元学习动名词做主语和宾语。 1.动名词做主语（动名词做主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作。此时，谓语动词用单数形式） 动名词做主语有三种形式： ①动名词在句首直接做主语 ②It 在句首做形式主语，而动名词短语在后面做真正的逻辑上的主语 ③% ④There be + no + 动名词 1）形式一动名词在句首直接做主语。 (sing) is his hobby.唱歌是他的爱好。 (play) computer games is a wate of time.玩电子游戏是浪费时间。 (drive) fast is dangerous.驾驶超速很危险。 【归纳总结】动名词做主语，谓语动词用单数 It 在句首做形式主语，而动名词在后面做真正的逻辑上的主语。 It is no use _______(wait ) here．在这儿等是没用 it is worth/worthwhile_______(see) the movie. 用下划线画出下面句子的形式主语和真正的主语 " ①It was a waste of time reading that book. ②It is dangerous standing in the middle of the street. Is it worthwhile quarrelling with her 3）There be + no + 动名词。 There was no knowing what he could do. There is no (joke) about such matters.. 动名词做宾语的六种情形： 作及物动词宾语 it 作形式宾语，代替动名词作 作动词词组的宾语 / 介词的宾语
现在分词做宾语补足语
现在分词做宾语补足语 现在分词在句子中可用作宾语补足语，其结构为： 主语+谓语+宾语+现在分词(即宾语补足语)。使用此结构要特别注意： 句子中的宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上是主动关系，并不是所有的动词都可以跟宾语加现在分词作宾语补足语。掌握现在分词作宾语补足语的结构要注意下面的五点。 一、感官动词+宾语+现在分词，现在分词做宾语补足语，表示动作正在进行。例如： He saw her working in the garden.他看见她正在花园里干活。 分析： “He”在句子中做主语，“saw”作谓语，“her”作宾语，划线部分在句子中作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子，working in the garden宾语补足语。 I heard a bell ring.我听见铃在响。 I could feel the wind blowing on my face.我能感觉到风吹着我的脸。 高中范围内，适用于“感官动词+宾语+现在分词”的结构，现在分词作宾语补足语常用的动词有： feel，find，hear，notice，observe，see，watch等。 在listen to和look at后面也可跟宾语+现在分词(即宾语补足语)。例如： Sometimes she would listen to him playing the saxophone.有时她会听他吹奏萨克斯管。 She looked at him waiting there.她瞧着他等在那里。 二、使役动词+宾语+现在分词，现在分词在句子中作宾语补足语。例如： His question has set me thinking.他的问题让我深思。
(完整版)动词ing做主语和宾语精解及练习
语法精讲精练：非谓语动词——动词-ing形式 王奴娇教案 动词的-ing形式包括传统语法的“动名词”（gerund）和“现在分词”（present participle）两个部分。动词的-ing形式具有动词的特征，同时又具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此它可以在句中作主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语和状语。 -ing的形式：-ing有一般式和完成式。及物动词的-ing还有主动语态和被动语态，而不及物动词的-ing则没有被动语态。现在以及物动词make 和不及物动词go为例，将其-ing各种形式列 一、动词-ing形式的特征和种类 二、与动词不定式一样，动词的-ing形式也具有动词的特征，有时态和语态的变化，并可带状 语、宾语等。 A.动词-ing形式的一般式 1. 动词-ing形式的一般式可用来泛指一个动作，没有特别的时间意义。 Swimming is her favorite sport. 游泳是她最喜欢的体育运动。 Learning is important to modern life. 学习对现代生活很重要。 2. 动词-ing形式的一般式可用来表示和谓语动词同时发生的动作。 They went out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 他们有说有笑地走出教室。 She listened carefully to her neighbours speaking. 她倾听她邻居的讲话。 3. 动词-ing形式的一般式有时也可表示在谓语动词的动作之前或之后发生的动作。 I remembered sending him an e-mail last week. 我记得上星期给他发过一份电子邮件。 He suggested taking my daughter to the zoo the next Sunday. 他建议下个星期天带我女儿去动物
动名词做主语
动名词做主语、宾语精讲精练 一、动名词做主语的用法 动名词做主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，在口语中也可以表示具体的动作。如：Painting is his hobby．绘画是他的爱好。 Talking mends no holes．空谈无济于事。 动名词做主语和不定式做主语一样，也可以用it作形式主语。如： It is no use talking without doing．光说不做没有用。 不定式做主语往往表示具体的特别是将来的动作。如： It's so hot．What I want to do now is to have a swim in a river．天这么热，现在我想做的事是在河里游泳。 【考例】 —What do you think made Mary so upset？ — __________ her new bicycle．（1997上海高考题） A．As she lost B．Lost C．Losing D．Because of losing 该题正确选项为C，losing her new bicycle是句子的主语，谓语made her so upset被省略，losing．．．在此表示具体的动作。 二、动名词作宾语的用法 1．有些动词或短语动词后常用动名词作宾语。如admit，appreciate，avoid，can't stand（不能忍受），consider，delay，devote．．．to，dislike enjoy，escape，excuse，feel like，finish，forgive，get down to，give up，imagine，insist on，keep（on），look forward to，mention，mind，miss（错过），pay attention to，practice，put off，stick to，suggest等等。 【考例】 I can't imagine __________ that with them．（MET 1986） A．do B．to do C．being done D．doing 该题正确选项为D 2．在allow，advise，forbid，permit后直接跟动名词作宾语，如果有名词或代词作宾语，则构成“allo w／advise／forbid／permit ＋名词／代词＋不定式（宾语补足语）”之形式如：We don't allow smoking here． We don't allow anybody to smoke here． 3．动词need，require，want意为“需要”时，后跟动名词的主动式或不定式的被动式作宾语，意义没有区别。如： The window needs／requires／wants cleaning／to be cleaned． 4．在begin，continue，love，like，hate，prefer，intend，start后用动名词和用不定式作宾语均可，意义没有多大区别。 5．动词forget，go on ，mean ，regret， remember，stop，try，be used to，can't help后跟动名词和跟不定式区别较大，须注意。forget，regret，remember后跟动名词，动名词表示已经发生的动作；后跟不定式表示将要发生的动作。 go on后跟动名词表示“继续做原来做的事”；后跟不定式表示“接着做另一件事”。 mean后跟动名词表示“意味着要做某事”；后跟不定式表示“想要做某事”。 stop后跟动名词表示“停止做某事”；后跟不定式表示“停下来（别的事）开始做某事”。
动名词作主语和宾语
动名词做主语和宾语的用法及练习 1.谓语用单数。 Climbing mountains is really fun. Swimming is my favorite sport. Reading is an art. Getting up early is a good habit. 例：1.-What do you think made Mary so upset？ -___ her new bicycle. A. As she lost B．Lost C．Losing D．Because of losing 2. 使用形式主语it，而将动名词放在句尾。 It’s no use doing … It’s no good doing… It’s a waste of time doing … 例：It’s no good______ (wait) here. It’s no use ______(argue) with her. It’s no good _______(smoke), you’d better give it up. It’s a waste of time _______(wait) here. No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ). 作宾语 习惯上接动名词作宾语的动词【附记忆口诀】 其后习惯上要跟动名词作宾语的常见动词有以下词汇：, admit, appreciate, avoid, burst out, consider, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, feel like, finish, forgive, give up, (can’t) help, imagine, keep (on), mind, miss, practise, prevent, put off, resist, risk, (can’t) stand, stop, suggest, unde rstand 等。如： 用法举例： He admitted having taken the money. 他承认拿了那笔钱。 It was impossible to avoid being affected. 要想不受影响是不可能的。 She burst out crying (laughing, singing). 她突然哭(笑，唱)起来。
动名词做主语的用法
动名词的用法 . 动名词做主语的用法 动名词做主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作 , 在口语中也可以表示具体的动 作。如: Seeing is believing. Helping her is my duty. Talking mends no holes. 空谈无济于事。 动名词做主语和不定式做主语一样，也可以用 it 作形式主语。如 : It's rather tiring walking around in a city. 不定式做主语往往表示具体的特别是将来的动作。如 It's no use crying over spilt milk. He realized that to go on like this was wrong. （ . 动名词作宾语的用法 escape, excuse, feel like, finish, forgive, get down to, give up, imagine. insist on, keep （on ）, look forward to, mention, mind, miss （ 错过）, pay attention to, practice, put off, stick to, suggest 等。 Doing morning exercises is good for your health. 做早操对你的健康有好处。 Her shoes wants mending. Working with you is a pleasure. 和你一起工作是一种乐趣。 覆水难收。 指具体动作 ) 1( 有些动词或短语动词后常用动名词作宾语。如 admit, appreciate, avoid can't stand （ 不能忍受 ）, consider ，delay, devote …to, dislike enjo y ，
动名词做主语和宾语的用法及练习20140523162450
动名词做主语和宾语的用法及练习(2014-05-23 16:24:50) 1．动名词（动名词具有动词和名词的特征，在句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语） 动名词 主动语态 被动语态 与谓语动词的关系 一般式 Doing Being done 与谓语动作同时发生 完成式 Having doing Having been done 动作发生在谓语动作之前 作主语 1. 谓语用单数。 Climbing mountains is really fun. Swimming is my favorite sport. Reading is an art. Getting up early is a good habit. 例：1.-What do you think made Mary so upset？ -___ her new bicycle. A. As she lost B．Lost C．Losing D．Because of losing 2. 使用形式主语it，而将动名词放在句尾。 It’s no use doing …
It’s no good doing… It’s a waste of time doing … 例：It’s no good______ (wait) here. It’s no use ______(argue) with her. It’s no good _______(smoke), you’d better give it up. It’s a waste of time _______(wait) here. No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ). 作宾语 I enjoy listening to music. He often practices playing the piano in the evening. He has given up smoking. Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? 他不喜欢喝酒。 他充分利用时间练习唱歌。 我提议坐我的车去。 你介意我开窗吗？ (1) 只能接动名词作宾语的动词： admit，
动名词做主语和宾语
必修4 Unit 2 Working the land 编制：李小艳审定：高一英语备课 Period 5动名词做主语和宾语 每日赠言：He who does not rise early never does a good day’s work. 学习目标：Students are able to understand the usage of doing as subject and object. 预习案： 1) The parents suggested ____ in the hotel room but their kids were anxious to camp out during the trip. A. sleep B. to sleep C. sleeping D. having slept 2)How I regret ___ so much time in the net bar! I should have studied harder. A. to waste B. wasting C. wasted D. being wasted 3) We should often practise ___ English with each other. A. to speak B. spoke C. speak D. speaking 4)Keep on ____ and you will succeed. A. a try B. try C. triing D. Trying 5)His parents insist on ___ to college. A. he should go B. he go C. his going D. him to go 探究案： 动词的 -ing 形式可分为动名词和现在分词两类。作为动名词，它有名词的基本性质，因此动名词可以在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语，宾语补足语和定语。本单元学习动名词做主语和宾语。 1.动名词做主语（动名词做主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作。此时，谓语动词用单数形式） 动名词做主语有三种形式： ①动名词在句首直接做主语② It 在句首做形式主语，而动名词短语在后面做真正的逻辑上的主语③There be + no + 动名词 1）形式一动名词在句首直接做主语。例如： Reading aloud is very important for us to learn a foreign language. (collect)stamps is his hobby. Wishing for things,however, costs nothing. 2）It 在句首做形式主语，而动名词在后面做真正的逻辑上的主语。例如 Going to bed early and getting up early is considered to be a good habit. It is considered to be a good habit going to bed early and getting up early. 用下划线画出下面句子的形式主语和真正的主语 ①It was a waste of time reading that book. ②It is dangerous standing in the middle of the street. ③Is it worthwhile quarrelling with her?
动名词使用全解
动名词是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非谓语动词。它可以支配宾语，也能被副词修饰。动名词有时态和语态的变化。 解释：动词的ing形式如果是名词，这个词称动名词。 特征：动词原形+ing构成，具有名词，动词一些特征 一、动名词的作用 动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。 1、作主语 Reading is an art. 读书是一种艺术。 Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山是真有趣。 Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffer. 在这种工作条件下工作不是愉快而是痛苦。 动名词作主语，有时先用it作形式主语，把动名词置于句末。这种用法在习惯句型中常用。如： It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 洒掉的牛奶哭也没用。 It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 劝说这样的人加入真是浪费时间。 It was hard getting on the crowded street car. 上这种拥挤的车真难。 It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。 There is no joking about such matters. 对这种事情不是开玩笑。 动名词作主语的几种类型 动名词可以在句子中充当名词所能充当的多种句子成分。在这里仅就动名词在句子中作主语的情况进行讨论。 动名词作主语有如下几种常见情况： 1. 直接位于句首做主语。例如： Swimming is a good sport in summer. 2. 用it 作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。 动名词做主语时，不太常用it 作先行主语，多见于某些形容词及名词之后。例如： It is no use telling him not to worry. 常见的能用于这种结构的形容词还有：better，wonderful，enjoyable，interesti ng，foolish，difficult，useless，senseless，worthwhile，等。 注意：important，essential，necessary 等形容词不能用于上述结构。 3. 用于“There be”结构中。例如： There is no saying when he'll come.很难说他何时回来。 4. 用于布告形式的省略结构中。例如： No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ). （禁止吸烟） No parking. （禁止停车） 5. 动名词的复合结构作主语
动名词作主语和动词不定式做主语的区别
动名词作主语和动词不定式做主语的区别？ 动词不定式与动名词的区别：）to+V放句首为动词不定式，用法与V+ing差不多，多用于 后面所说的事情还没有发生。例：To be a author is my dream. V+i ng 放句首是动名词，其 相当于名词，例：Doi ng lots of exercise is good for health. 一般来讲，to+ v.表主动，表 将来，表一次行动作。-ing表主动，表进行。动词不定式与动名词的一些用法：）不定 式与动名词都可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，但用法不尽相同。 1 ?作主语一般情 况下，不定式与动名词作主语可以互换，也常常可以用it充当形式主语，而把不定式和动名词放在句子的后半部分。但二者也有区别，不定式常常指某次具体的、将要发生的行为；而动名 词则表示一般的、抽象的行为。例如：To save money now is not easy. 现在攒钱不容易。 Savi ng mo ney is a good habit. 攒钱是个好习惯。 2 .作定语不定式多为后置定语，动名词 多为前置定语；不定式多表示将来的动作，动名词只能表示事物的属性、用途等。例如：He is look ing for a room to live in. 他正在找一间房子去住。Take these sleep ing pills and you\'ll sleep better.吃了这种安眠药，你会睡得更好。3 .作宾语：有些动词后只能跟不定式作宾语,不能跟动名词作宾语；有些动词后常跟动名词作宾语，不能跟不定式作宾语；有些动词后跟不定式和动名词作宾语皆可， 1、动名词做主语往往表示普通的、一般的行为，不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为。例女口： Collect ing in formation about childre n ' s health is his jc收集有关儿童健康的信息是他的工作。It ' s necessry to discuss the problem with an experieneed teacher. 与一位有经验的老师讨论这个问题是有必要的。2、常用不定式做主语的句型有： （1） It ' s difficult （important，necessary） for sb. to do （2）It ' s kind （good，friendly，polite， careless，rude，cruel，clever，foolish，brave） of sb. to do. 3 、常用动名词做主语的句型 有: It ' s no good （use，fun） doing. It ' s （a） waste of time one 另：1）s动o名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。Smoking is prohibited（禁止）here .这里禁止抽烟。（抽象）It is not very good for you to smoke so much .你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。（具体）（2）动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。Climb ing mou ntai ns is interesting .爬山很有趣。（经验）Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring .在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。（经验）（3 ）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。It took me only five minu tes to finish the job. I .动名词和不定式做主语的相同点 1. 不定式短语和动名词做主语时，常常为了保持句子的平衡，用it来做形式主语，如： It is not easy to learn English well. It is no use asking him for help. 2. 如果主语用了不定式，表语和宾语也要用不定式；主语用了动名词，表语和宾语也要用动名词，这在英语中称为对称性，如：
动名词作主语和宾语
动名词作主语和宾语 1. 注意：动名词的否定形式直接在它之前加not。 2.Detailed principles ①动名词做主语的用法(subject) 动名词做主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作,谓语动词用单数动词。如： __________(see) is believing. ____________(help) her is my duty. __________ (eat)too much is bad for your health. ______________(work)with you is a pleasure. 动名词做主语和不定式做主语一样，也可以用it作形式主语。如： ●It is useless trying to argue with Mark. ●It is no use talking with him. 归纳：常用-ing形式作主语的句型有： ●It be no use/useless doing 做……是没用的 ●_____________________________________________ ●_____________________________________________ ●_____________________________________________ ●…… eg：在这儿等没好处，我们走回家吧。 争辩此事是浪费时间。 要把一切按时准备好很困难。 ②动名词作宾语的用法(object) 1.有些动词或短语后常用动名词作宾语。如admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, suggest, allow, enjoy, escape, finish, imagine, practise, mind, miss, imagine等动词, insist on, keep on, give up, feel like, dream of, be/get used to, look forward to, devote…to, pay attention to等短语。 eg：你介意把门打开吗？(mind) 工作之余，袁隆平喜欢听小提琴曲。(enjoy) 那个姑娘每晚练习拉小提琴。(practise) 这些天他在考虑换工作。(consider) 他承认犯了一个严重错误。(admit) 今晚我想去看电影。（feel like） 人们不断来医院看望他。(keep on) 2.在allow, advise, permit等动词后直接跟动名词作宾语，如果这些词后有名词或代词作宾语，则构成“allow／advise／permit ＋名词／代词＋不定式（宾语补足语）”之形式。如：
动名词做主语的用法.doc
名的用法 一 .名做主的用法 名做主往往表示常性、性的作,在口中也可以表示具体的 作。如 : Seeing is believing. Helping her is my duty. Talking mends no holes.空无于事。 Working with you is a pleasure.和你一起工作是一种趣。 名做主和不定式做主一，也可以用it作形式主。如: It's rather tiring walking around in a city. 不定式做主往往表示具体的特是将来的作。如: It's no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水收。 He realized that to go on like this was wrong. ( 指具体作) 二 . 名作的用法 1( 有些或短后常用名作。如admit, appreciate, avoid ，can't stand(不能忍受), consider，delay, devote?to, dislike enjo y，escape, excuse, feel like, finish, forgive, get down to, give up, imagine. insist on, keep (on), look forward to, mention, mind, miss( ), pay attention to, practice, put off, stick to, suggest 等等。 Doing morning exercises is good for your health. 做早操你的健康有好。 Her shoes wants mending.
现在分词作逻辑主语详解
现在分词的逻辑主语详解 一、现在分词的逻辑主语的概念 现在分词属于非谓语动词，不能单独用作谓语，所以从语法角度看，它没有真正意义上的主语。但是，现在分词也是一种动词，它所表示的动作自然有其相应的执行者——这个动作的执行者既可能是句子的主语或宾语等，也可能是加在现在分词前的特定的人或物。这个具体表明动作执行者的主语，就叫现在分词的逻辑主语。如： He found a tree lying across the road. 他发现一棵树横倒在马路上。 I could feel the sweat trickling down my back. 我能感觉到汗珠从我的后背淌下来。 She heard him clattering around downstairs. 她听到他在楼下喀哒喀哒地走来走去。 上面两句中的 a tree, the sweat, him 分别是现在分词lyin g…, tricking…, clattering…的逻辑主语。 二、关于现在分词作宾语补足语时的逻辑主语问题 现在分词用作宾语补足语时的基本结构是“动词+宾语+现在分词（用作宾语补足语）”，很显然，该结构中现在分词的逻辑主语就是它前面的“宾语”。如： We listened to the band playing in the park. 我们听着乐队在公园里演奏。
We got him talking about his war experience. 我们让他谈起了他战时的经历。 The police observed the man entering the bank. 警方监视着那男子进入银行的情况。 Eyewitnesses saw two men running away from the ban k. 目击者看见两名男子从银行逃走了。 She smelt something burning and saw smoke rising. 她闻到有东西着了，还看见烟在冒。 At this moment she noticed Hallorsen coming in. 这时她看见海洛森走了进来。 Don’t leave your money lying in the bank; spend i t. 别把你的钱存在银行里，花掉他。 I stood at the foot of the collapsed tower and watched the rescue workers sifting through the debris. 我站在倒塌的高塔脚下，看着救援人员在瓦砾堆中搜寻。 三、关于现在分词作状语时的逻辑主语问题 根据英语语法，现在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。如： Turning around, she saw an ambulance driving up. 她转过身，看见一辆救护车开了过来。(相当于When she turned ar ound…) Putting down my newspaper, I walked over to the win dow. (=After I had put down my newspaper, ...) 我放下报纸，走到窗前。
不定式和动名词作主语的区别
不定式和动名词作主语的区别： (1) 动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) (2) 动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验) Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) To finish the task will take a long time.要完成这项任务将要花费很长时间。（具体） (3) 不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 It took me only five minutes to finish the job. （4）动名词做主语往往表示普通的，一般的行为；不定式作主语常常表示某次具体的行为。 Collecting information about children's health is his job. 收集有关儿童健康的信息是他的工作。 It’s necessary to discuss the problem with an experienced teacher. 与一位有经验的老师讨论这个问题是有必要的。
2、常用不定式做主语的句型有： （1）It’s difficult (important, necessary) for sb. to do （2）It’s kind (good, friendl y, polite, careless, rude, cruel, clever, foolish, brave) of sb. to do. 3、常用动名词做主语的句型有： It’s no good (use, fun) doing. It’s (a) waste of time one’s doing.
动名词作主语、宾语和表语
动名词作主语、宾语和表语 在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式，动名词，和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)。 不定式 时态\语态主动被动 一般式to do to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done 动名词 时态\语态主动被动 一般式doing being done 完成式having done having been done 分词 时态\语态主动被动 一般式doing being done 完成式having done having been done 否定形式： not +不定式，not + 动名词，not + 现在分词 作主语 Fighting broke out between the South and the North. 南方与北方开战了。 作宾语 动词后加动名词doing作宾语 V. + doing sth admit 承认appreciate 感激,赞赏avoid 避免 complete 完成 consider 认为 delay 耽误 deny 否认 detest 讨厌 endure 忍受enjoy 喜欢escape 逃脱 prevent 阻止 fancy 想象finish 完成 imagine 想象 mind 介意 miss 想念postpone 推迟practise 训练recall 回忆resent 讨厌resist 抵抗 resume 继续 risk 冒险 suggest 建议face 面对include 包括stand 忍受understand 理解 forgive 宽恕 keep 继续 举例： Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught. 词组后接doing admit to prefer…to be used to lead to devote oneself to object to stick to be busy look forward to to为介词） no good, no use, It's worth…, as well as, can't help, It's no use /good be tired of
现在分词的用法
现在分词的用法 1. 分词的定义 现在分词是由动词+ing构成的。 现在分词具有动词、形容词或副词的特性，可以带自己的宾语或受状语修饰，现在分词和自己的宾语或状语一起构成现在分词短语。 2. 现在分词的语法作用； 现在分词在句中可以作主语、表语、定语、补足语和状语。 作主语 通常被看作是单数不可数名词，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 Driving fast is very dangerous. Swimming is my favourite sport. Painting is an art. Hearing the bad news made him cry. 2. 现在分词作主语时，常常用it作形式主语，而把现在分词放到句末。 It is no good/use talking with him It's no good smoking. You should give it up. It is no good crying over split milk. It作形式主语，现在分词作真正主语时的常用句型： It +be+ a waste of time doing sth. 做某事是浪费时间It +be+ fun doing sth. 做某事很有趣 It +be+ no good/no use/useless doing sth. 做某事没有用It +be+ expensive doing sth. 做某事很昂贵 It +be+ dangerous doing sth. 做某事很危险It +be+ a pleasure doing sth. 做某事是一件愉快的事 eg. It's no use complaining. It's no good smoking a lot. It's a waste of time doing such a thing. 3. There +be+ no sense in doing sth.做某事没有道理There +be+ no point (in) doing sth.做某事毫无意 There +be+no use in doing sth.做某事没有用Nothing worse than doing sth.没有比...更糟糕的 eg. There is no point (in) doing so.这么做，毫无意义。 4. 前后平行Teaching is learning. Seeing is believing.=To see is to believe. 二、作表语： 1. 动名词作表语相当于名词，说明主语的内容。主语和表语位置可互换。 My job is teaching English.=Teaching English is my job. Your task is studying hard. = Studying hard is your task. 2. 现在分词作表语，一般表主动或主语的性质和特征，主语多数情况下是物，一般跟在联系动词be, get, become, look, sound, feel, keep, remain, grow, seem, appear等词后， eg. His speech is exciting.他的演讲令人兴奋。This story is very interesting. 这个故事很有趣。 The news sounds encouraging.这个消息听起来令人鼓舞。 而作表语用的现在分词，已经完全变成了形容词，常见的现在分词如下： moving, interesting, encouraging, exciting, inspiring, boring, surprising, puzzling, amusing, astonishing, missing, promising等，这些词可以放在系动词后做表语。 作宾语 1. 作动词宾语 ①英语中，有相当一部分动词后，只能接-ing分词作宾语：admit承认、advise、suggest建议、escape 逃避、quit停止做、deny否认、miss错过、avoid避免做、keep保持、appreciate感谢、practise练习、enjoy、mind介意、consider考虑做、risk冒险做、excuse原谅、imagine、finish等。 I enjoy reading newspapers. I enjoy chatting with them. I suggest you should practise speaking English every morning.