九年级英语Unit13知识点

九年级英语Unit13知识点
九年级英语Unit13知识点

九年级英语Unit13《We're trying to save the earth!》知识点

1.现在进行时定义:表示说话时(瞬间)正在进行的动作,也表示目前或现阶段一直进行的动作。结构: ①肯定句: 主语+ am/is/are + V-ing ②否定句: 主语+ am/is/are + not + V-ing ③疑问句: Am/Is/Are + 主语+ V-ing 用法:1)表示说话时正在进行的,目前正在发生的动作。①Look! The big bird is flying away. ②He is watching a movie now.

2)表示目前一段时间内正在进行,但说话时可能没有进行的动作。

Right now I am studying Chinese by distance learning. 我现在正通过远程教育学习汉语。

1) 2)常带有表示目前时刻的时间副词, 如:now, right now, at the (very) moment, for the time being, at present, these days 及Look! Listen! ...

3)与always, constantly, forever, all the time等副词连用,表示动作反复或习惯。此时句子常含有说话者的强烈情感在内。表达较强的“责备”或“表扬”之意①You are always changing your mind. 你总是主意不定。(太烦人了) ②He is always helping others.他总是帮助别人。(他真是个好人)

4)对于come, go, leave, arrive, start, fly, drive等表示位置移动的动词常可用进行时态表将来。①He is leaving on Wednesday. ②Mary isn’t here at the moment. She is coming later.

2. used to do过去常常做某事见第四单元及use用法

be/get used to doing 习惯于做某事

be used to do=be used for doing 被用来做某事

3. 被动语态见第五单元注意:接双宾语的词的被动语态;make /let /have sb do 的被动语态;see/ hear /notice /find /observe/notice sb do 的被动语态;It’s

said/reported/believed/supposed/well-known that;及无被动语态的三种情况(感官动词、不及物动词、sell/write等)

4. 现在完成时: 用法:①过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果:强调结果Yesterday I finished my homework, that’s to say, I have finished my homework now.②过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态:强调继续

I have lived here since 1990.现在完成时的构成have/has+过去分词现在完成时的四个基本句型肯定句He has finished the work. 一般疑问句Has he finished the work?否定句He has not finished the work. 两回答Yes ,he has. No, he hasn’t.特殊疑问句What has he done? 在下列情形下用现在完成时1九词语①already 已经肯定句中或句尾I have already found my pen. = I have found my pen already.②yet已经否定句和疑问句句尾I have not finished the work yet.

Have you bought a computer yet?③ever曾经句中Have you ever seen pandas?

④never从不句中I have never been to Beijing.⑤just刚刚句中I have just done my work.⑥before以前句尾I have never been there before.⑦so far到目前为止So far he has learned 200 words.⑧how long多久How long have you lived here?⑨how many times多少次How many times has he been to Beijing? 2两词组

havegone to去了某地例:He has gone to Beijing (去了北京,没回) havebeen to去过某地例:He has been to Beijing. (去过北京,回了)

3两结构

for two months for +一段时间 Jim has lived here for 2 months.

since last year since +过去时间点 Lucy has been in Beijing since 3 years ago. since 3 years ago

since 1990

since he came here since +过去时态句子 He has been in China since he came here.

4如果句子里面没有时间状语,汉语意思能够加“已经”,往往用现在完成时态。Have you lost your library book? 你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗?

5现在完成时态还常常用于下列句型

They have planted many trees in the last/past few years.

This is the best book I have ever read.

It is the first time I have played the computer games. 在现在完成时中,一次性动词不能和一段时间状语连用例:He has bought the book for 3 years.(错)因buy 这个一次性动词不能和一段时间for 3 years连用, 改正的办法有:

He has bought the book. (去掉一段时间for 3 years)

He bought the book 3 years ago (改为一般过去时,使句子的意思不变)

It’s/It has been 3 years since he bought the book. = 3 years has passed since he bought the book. (改为固定句型It is/It has been ---since---)He has had the book for 3 years. (用延续性动词have代替buy)另外①come/arrive/get to/reach → be hereI have come here for 3 years.(错)改为:I have been here for 3 years.②leave/go →be awayHe has left for 3 hours.

(错)改为:He has been away for 3 hours.③begin/start →be on

The film has begun for 3 minutes.(错)改为:The film has been on for 3 minutes.④open →be open / close → be closed

The shop has opened for 3 years.(错) 改为:The shop has been open for 3 years.⑤die →be dead

His father has died for 3 years.(错) 改为:His father has been dead for 3 years.⑥finish/end→ be over

He has finished the work for 3 days.(错) 改为:The work has been over for 3 days⑦join I have joined the army for 3 years.(错)改为:I have been in the army for 3 years. 或I have been a soldier for 3 years.⑧buy /catch → have

I have bought the bike for 3 years.(错)改为:I have had the bike for 3 years. He has caught a cold for 3 days.(错)改为:He has had a cold for 3 days.

⑨borrow → keep

I have borrowed the book for 3 years. (错)改为:I have kept the book for 3 years.还有其它的归纳如下:

break → be broken get up → be up marry → be married become → be lose → be lost

5. 情态动词

1) 情态动词本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气,但不能单独作谓语,只能与其他动词构成谓语。常见的有:can (could), may (might), must, need, shall (should), will (would)等。

2) 情态动词无人称和数的变化, 后接动词原形。否定式是在情态动词后面加not。个别情态动词有过去式形式, 也可用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气。

1.can和could的用法

(1)can/could 表示“能力;许可;可能性”等。could 为can 的过去式。如:Can I use your bike?

(2)can 用在疑问句中,表示征求意见、请求许可,答语仍用can; could 用在疑问句中,比can 更委婉、客气,是一种礼貌的说法,并不表示过去时态,答语用can,而不能用could。如:—Could you tell me the way to the zoo?—Sorry. I can't. I'm new here。

[注意] can 和could 只能用于现在时和过去时两种时态,将来时中用be able to。另外,can't 可表示否定推测。如:That ______ be Mr Wang. He has gone to Beijing。2.may和might的用法

may/might 意为“可以”,表示同意、许可或请求对方许可,也可表示祝愿。may的否定形式为may not。might 是may 的过去式,有两种用法:一种表示过去式;一种表示虚拟语气,使语气更加委婉、客气,或表示可能性更小。以may开头的一般疑问句,其否定回答用mustn't, 而不用may not。如:______ I use your pen? 我可以用你用的钢笔吗?

You may put on more clothes. May you be happy!

Might I borrow some money now?He might be alive.

3.must的用法

must 意为“必须,一定,准是”,表示说话人认为有必要做某事,或命令、要求别人做某事以及对事物的推测。否定形式mustn't, 表示“不得”,“一定不要”。如:

I ______ finish my work today。You mustn't drive after drinking。

(1)must 与have to 的区别:must 表示说话人的主观意愿;have to 表示客观需要。如:

I must do my homework first。It is raining hard outside; I _____ stay at home。

(2)回答由must 引导的疑问句的提问①肯定回答:Yes, …must.如:

—Must I go home now? —Yes, you must.②否定回答:

No,…needn't./No,…don't/doesn't have to.

—Must I go home now? —No, you __ ____.

(3)must 表示对事物的推测,意为“想必;一定”,只用于肯定句中;表“推测”时,情态动词与动词原形,(常为be动词)连用,如:The man must be our teacher。

4.need的用法

(1)need 表示“需要,必须”,主要用于否定句和疑问句中。其否定形式为needn't,表示“没有必要,不必”;对由need构成的疑问句进行回答时,其肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn't。如

—Need we do some cleaning now?

—Yes, you must. —No, you needn't.

(2)need 还可作实义动词,常用于下列结构:①人:nee d to do sth“需要做某事”。如I need to learn more. ②物:need doing “某物需要被做”=need to be done。如:My hair needs cutting. =My hair needs to be cut.③need +名词或代词。如:All living things need water.

5.shall和should的用法

shall 用于第一人称的句子中,表示提建议或请求;should用于各种人称的句子

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