化学化工专业英语翻译3

The weight of one unit of volume of a material is called its density. 材料的单位体积的重量被称为密度。

?The friction between the air and the surface of the plane causes large amounts of heat.空气和飞机表面之间的摩擦力生成

大量的热。

?The presence of a substituent group in benzene exerts a profound control over both orientation and the ease of introduction

of the entering substituent. 苯中取代基的存在对进入基团的方位及进入的难易程度起着强有力的控制作用

?Hydrocarbons that do not contain the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible are called unsaturated hydrocarbons不

含有最大可能氢原子数的烃叫不饱和烃。

?Man was not the first living thing to communicate through the use of sound．第一个用声音进行联络的生物并不是人。（不

定式做后置定语）

?In the 1880’s, engineer Herman Hoclerith was searching for a way to record census information ．在19世纪80年代，工程

师赫尔曼在寻求一种记录人口普查信息的方法。（不定式做后置定语）

?The objective of evaporation is to concentrate a solution consisting of nonvolatile solute and a volatile solvent.蒸发的目的是

浓缩包含有难挥发的溶质和易挥发溶剂的溶液。（现在分词作后置定语）

?The functional group of a ketone consists of a carbon atom connected by a double bond to an oxygen atom酮的官能团是由

一个通过双键与氧原子相连的碳原子组成的。（过去分词作后置定语）

?The earth contains a large number of metals which are useful to man.地球上蕴藏着大量对人类有用的金属。

?One may already have some idea of the material with which organic chemistry deals, but he may not know the extent to

which organic chemistry touches on our life.也许有人已经对有机化学所涉及的物质有所了解，但是他可能并不知道有机化学触及我们日常生活已经达到什么样的程度。

? A semiconductor is a material that is neither a good conductor nor a good insulator.半导体材料既不是良导体，也不是好的

绝缘体。

?Strength, hardness and plasticity of metals are the properties that make them so useful for industry. 金属的强度，硬度和可

塑性等性能使得它们在工业上非常有应用（价值）。

?These methods can yield in minutes extensive information about the structures of unknown compound that previously could

be obtained only by weeks or even years of chemical study.这些方法可以几分钟得到关于未知化合物的大量信息，这是在以前需要花费几周甚至几年的时间才能得到的。

?The first higher homolog of benzene is toluene which is the raw material for the manufacture of the explosive. 苯的第一个

高级同系物是甲苯，它是制造炸药的原料。

?Mild oxidation of a primary alcohol gives an aldehyde which may be further oxidized to an organic acid.伯醇的温和氧化生成

醛，而醛能进一步氧化生成有机酸。

?Comernicus, whose theory was not made public until after his death, believed that the sun was the center of the solar system.

哥白尼认为太阳是太阳系的中心，但他的理论直到他死后才发表。

?Live-wire operation is an advanced technique, by which wiresman can repair transmission without cutting off the current.带

电作业是一项先进技术，线路工人能不切断电流就修理输电线。

?When the free electrons in a conductor move in one direction only, the current thus established is called a direct current,

which is often abbreviated to DC.当导体的自由电子只以一个方向运动时，这样产生的电流叫直流电，常缩写为DC。

?Iron is not as strong as steel which is an alloy of iron with some other element.铁的强度不如钢高，因为钢是铁和其他一些

元素形成的合金。

?The water should be free from dissolved salts which will cause deposits on the tubes and lead to overheating. 水中应不含溶

解盐，因为它会沉积在管壁上，导致过热。

?Copper, which is used to widely for carrying electricity, offers very little resistance.铜的电阻很小，所以广泛用来输电。

?Molecules have perfect elasticity, in consequence of which they undergo no loss of energy after a collision. 分子弹性很好，

所以碰撞后并没有能量损失。

?The workers oil the moving parts of these machines regularly, the friction of which may be greatly reduced. 工人们定期给这

些机器的传动部分加油，以便大大减小摩擦。

?He wishes to write an article that will attract public attention to the matter.他想写一篇论文以期引起公众对这个问题的关

注。

?For any substance whose formula is known, a mass corresponding to the formula can be computed. 不管什么物质，只要知

道其分子式，就能求出与分子式相应的质量。

?Alloys, which contains a magnetic substance, generally also have a magnetic properties. 金属如果含有磁性物质，一般也

会具有磁性。

?Photographs are taken of stars, the light of which is too faint to be seen by eyes at all.虽然很多星体的光线非常微弱眼睛根

本看不到，但它们的照片还是可被拍下来的。

?Electricity which is passed through the thin tungsten wire inside the bulb makes the wire very hot. 电通过灯泡里的钨丝时，

会使钨丝变热。

?Objectionable hydrogen sulfide is removed from such a gas or from naturally occurring hydrocarbon gases by washing with

various alkaline solutions in which it is absorbed.译文：要从这样的煤气或天然存在的烃类气体中除去有害物质硫化氢，就要用能吸收硫化氢的各种碱性溶液来洗涤。

?Gas absorption is an operation in which a gas mixture is contacted with a liquid for the purposes of preferentially dissolving

one or more components of the gas and to provide a solution of these in the liquid.译文：气体吸收是这样一种操作：让气体混合物与液体接触，以使气体中的一种或多种组分优先溶解在液体中，并提供由这些组分和液体所形成的溶液

?There were running in the garden a group of children aged from seven to twelve.译文：在花园里有一群七岁到十二岁大小的

孩子在跑着。

?There have been opened up to the vast and excellent science，in which my work is the beginning, ways and means by which

other minds more acute than mine will explore its remote corners.译文：通往伟大而美好科学的途径和手段已经展现在眼前。在科学领域中，我的研究只是个开端，比我敏锐的其他人所采用的途径和手段将会探索科学领域的遥远境地。

?The continuous process although requiring more carefully designed equipment than the batch process, can ordinarily be

handled in less space, fits in with other continuous steps more smoothly, and can be conducted at any prevailing pressure without release to atmospheric pressure.译文：虽然连续过程比间歇过程要求更为周密设计的设备，但连续过程通常能节约操作空间，较顺利地适应其它连续操作步骤，并能在任何的压力下进行，而不必暴露在大气中。

?How these two things—energy and matter—behave, how they interact one with the other, and how people control them to

serve themselves make up the substance of two basic physical sciences, physics and chemistry.能量和物质这两样东西具有什么样的性质，如何相互起作用，如何控制它们为人类服务，这些问题就构成了物理和化学两门基础自然科学的主要内容。

?This simple fact shows that the more of the force of friction is got rid of, the further will the ball travel, and we are led to

infer that, if all the impeding force of gravitation could be removed, there is no reason why the ball, once in motion, should ever stop.这一简单事实表明，摩擦力越小，球会滚得越远。由此我们可以推论，如果把对引力起着阻碍作用的一切力和阻力排除掉，那么曾经处于运动状态的球就没有理由会再停下来了。

?This is why the hot water system in a furnace will operate without the use of a water pump, if the pipes are arranged so that

the hottest water rises while the coldest water runs down again to the furnace.译文：如果把管子装成这个样子，使最热的水上升，而最冷的水再往下回流到锅炉里去，那么，锅炉中的热水系统不用水泵就能循环，道理就在于此。

?Theoretically, women were not supposed to be recruited into the Continental Army, but if a woman was a good soldier, no

one made an issue of sex at a time when the army was so short of soldiers that boys not yet in their teens were also being recruited in violation of rules.译文：从理论上说，妇女不准被征召参加大陆军，但当时兵源严重不足，连那些不足13岁的男童都被违反规定征召入伍，假如一个妇女是一个好兵，又有谁会把性别看成是一个问题呢?

?We learn that sodium or any of its compounds produces a spectrum having a bright yellow double line by noticing that there

is no such line in the spectrum of light when sodium is not present，but that if the smallest quantity of sodium be thrown into the flame or other sources of light, the bright yellow line instantly appears．译文：我们注意到，如果把非常少量的钠投入

到火焰或其它光源中时，立即出现一条亮黄色的双线，当钠不存在时，光谱中就没有这样的双线。由此我们知道钠或钠的任何化合物所产生的光谱都带有一条亮黄色的双线。

?Normally, in evaporation the thick liquor is the valuable product and the vapor is condensed and discarded. Mineral-bearing

water is often evaporated to give a solid-free product for boiler feed, for special process requirements, or for human consumption. This technique is often called water distillation, but technically it is evaporation. In one specific situation, however, the reverse is true.译文：通常情况下，蒸发时，粘稠液是有价值的产物，而蒸汽冷凝下来并被扔掉。但是在某一特定的情况时，恰恰相反。含有矿物质的水常被蒸发以获得不含固体的产物，以供锅炉加水用，供特殊过程的需用或供人类使用。此项技术通常称为水的蒸馏，而在技术上却是蒸发。

?Our object is to draw attention to those areas responsible for the quantum jump in sophistication, improved cosmetic

attributes and safety of today’s products.译文：我们的目的是提请人们注意那些使下列方面发生跃变的领域：即当代化妆品所采用的先进技术方面、质量改进方面以及安全性方面。

?Another development, by itself not strictly scientific in nature, is the growning awareness that the energy resources at

present available to human technology are limited, and that photosynthesis is the only large-scale process on earth by which

a virtually inexhaustible source of energy, i.e., the radiation energy of the sun, is collected and converted into a form of

energy that is not only used by plants, but by all forms of life, including man.另一发展——就其本性而言，本身不是严格科学的——是人们正日益认识到下面这个事实，即：人类技术领域目前可以利用的能源是有限的，在地球上只有光合作用是能将那实际上是取之不尽用之不竭的能源——太阳的辐射能——聚集起来，转换为不仅植物，而且包括人在内的所有生命都可以利用的能量形式的大规模过程。

?Fire is a chemical reaction in which atoms of the gas oxygen combine with atoms of certain other elements, such as hydrogen

or carbon.燃烧是一种化学反应，在这个反应中，气体氧的原子与某些其他元素的原子，如氧或碳，相化合。

?Manufactureing process may be classified as unit production with small quantities being made and mass production with

large numbers of identical parts being produced.制造过程可分为单件生产和大量生产。单件生产就是生产少量的零件，大量生产就是生产大批相同的零件。

?Aluminium remained unknown until the nineteenth century, because nowhere in nature is it found free, owing to its always

being combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen, for which it has a strong affinity由于铝总是和其他元素结合，最常见的是和有很强的亲和力的氧结合，因而在自然界任何地方都找不到处于游离状态的铝，所以，直到十九世纪，人们才知道有铝。

?The diode consists of a tungsten filament, which gives off electrons when it is heated, and a plate toward which the electrons

migrate when the field is in the right direction.译文:二极管由一根钨丝和一块极板组成：钨丝受热时便放出电子，当电场方向为正时，这些电子便向极板移动。