【最高考】2016届高考英语语法精讲精练-专题七-情态动词和虚拟语气常考点
专题七情态动词和虚拟语气常考点
近两年考查情态动词和虚拟语气的频率呈上升趋势。从整体上把握情态动词的语法特征和语义特征，能够准确理解不同情态动词的细微差异，认真区别具有相同功能、意思相近的情态动词的用法，在真实的交际情景中印证和领悟情态动词的用法和特征。
1情态动词所表示的多种含义
1. can和could的用法
①表示能力。如：
I can run fast.
②表示客观可能性。如：
An experienced driver can have an accident at times.
③表示请求和允许。用could 语气更委婉。如：
—Can/Could I go now?
—Yes，you can.
④表示猜测、惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度(主要用于否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中)。如：
Can this be true?
How can you be so careless!
This cannot be done by him.
2. may和might的用法
①表示许可。如：
You may drive the car.
—May/Might I use your pen?
—No，you mustn't.
②用于祈使句中表示祝愿。如：
May you succeed!
③表示推测、可能(疑问句不能用于此意)。表推测的might并不是指过去时间，而表示比may把握性略小些。如：
He may be very busy now.
④用于表示目的或让步状语从句中。如：
No matter what difficulties you may come across，you shouldn't give up.
3. will和would的用法
①用于各种人称，表示“意志”“意愿”“决心”等。如：
I told her to stop crying，but she just would not listen.
②用于第二人称的疑问句，表示说话人向对方提出请求。用would比用will语气更客气。如：
Will/Would you please keep the door open?
③表示真理或习惯，意为“惯于，总是”。如：
She will listen to music alone in her room for hours.
He would get up early when he lived in the country.
4. should的用法
①表示现在或将来的责任或义务，意为“应该，应当”，这时它可以和 ought to，be
supposed to 互换使用。如：
You should(＝are supposed to ) complete your test in time.
②表示有较大可能实现的猜测、推论，通常意为“可能；总该……吧”，相当于 be expected to。如：
They should be home by now，I think.
③用于第一人称时可以表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气。如：
I should think it would be better to try it again.
④用在条件状语从句中，表示语气较强的假设，意为“万一”，这时也可将should置于从句之首，即将should放在主语前面，而省略从属连词if，主句谓语却不一定用虚拟语气。如：
Should I (＝If I should) be free tomorrow I will come.
⑤用来表示意外、惊喜或者在说话人看来是不可思议的。尤其在以 why，who，how 等开头的修辞疑问句或某些感叹句中常常意为“竟会，居然”。如：
A gentleman like him should be rude to a lady!
⑥用于虚拟语气句中(略)。
5. ought to的用法
表示应该、推测，相当于should。如：
You ought to take care of him.
6. shall的用法
①用于第二、三人称，表示说话人的意愿，有“命令”“警告，威胁，强制”“法令条文规则”和“允诺”等意思。如：
You shall have the book when I finish reading.(表允诺)
②在疑问句中，shall用于征求对方的意见或请求指示，常用于第一、第三人称。如：
Shall we go out for a walk?
Where shall he wait for us?
7. must的用法
①表示义务、意图或建议，意为“必须，应该，禁止(用于否定句中)”。如：
You must go and see that film—you'd really enjoy it.
②表示推测，意为“必定，一定”。
[注]must表示推测时的否定式是can't或couldn't(不可能)。
③表示主，意为“硬要，一定要”。如：
If you must go，at least wait till the rain stops.
④表示与说话人愿望相反，意为“偏要”。如：
The machine must break down at this busy hour.
8. need和dare的用法
①need 作“必要”讲时，既可作情态动词，也可作实义动词。作实义动词时后面的动词不定式要带to，其变化与一般动词相同。作情态动词时，仅用于否定句或疑问句中。
②dare作为情态动词时，仅用在疑问句、否定句和条件从句中。dare若作实义动词，后面可接带to的不定式，此时to也可以省略。dare与need的用法相似。如：He dares to go there alone.
He needs to go there alone.
She doesn't dare (to) ask her father.
She doesn't need to ask her father.
He daren't speak English before such a crowd，dare he?
9. used to的用法
used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在已不存在，在间接引语中，其形式可不变。
疑问句·Did you use to go to the same school as your brother?·Used you to go to the same school as your brother？
否定句
·I usedn't to go there.·I didn't use to go there.
否定疑问句
·Usen't you to be interested in the theatre?·Didn't you use to be interested in the theatre？
其反意疑问句或简略回答中，也有两种形式：
She used to be very fat，didn't she？(正式)/use(d)n't she? (口语)
—Used you to get up early in the morning?
—Yes，I did(正式)．/Yes，I used to.(口语)
10. would rather (not) do 宁愿(不)做
11. had better (not) do 最好(不)做
①I ________ often go fishing when I lived in the countryside.
A. should
B. would
C. could
D. might
②I've decided to take the job and I ________ change my mind.
A. mustn't
B. can't
C. won't
D. may not
③“Whatever you want，you ________ have it on condition that you get the best result，” said the boss.
A. would
B. ought to
C. shall
D. could
④—Why ________ you stay in the countryside，where it's not convenient to go shopping?
—But I've found it rather valuable for my health.
A. can
B. must
C. may
D. shall
⑤—I promise her daughter ________ get a nice present on her birthday.
—Will it be a big surprise to her?
A. should
B. must
C. would
D. shall
⑥She just couldn't believe that her husband，to whom she had been loyal for so many years，________ desert her after he became rich.
A. might
B. should
C. shall
D. must
⑦—A Mr. Smith is waiting outside for the appointment with you. ________ he come in?
—Yes，please let him in.
A. Shall
B. May
C. Will
D. Need
⑧He is always on time for work. How ________ it be that he was late yesterday?
A. can
B. might
C. may
D. must
⑨—Lucy doesn't mind lending you her dictionary.
—She ________. I've already borrowed one.
A. can't
B. mustn't
C. needn't
D. shouldn't
【答案】①B②C③C④B⑤D⑥B⑦A⑧A⑨C
2表示“推测”的情态动词
肯定句中用must，may，might，could，当表示理论上的可能性时也可用can；
否定句中用can，may，might，could；
疑问句中用can，could。
用适当的情态动词填空：
①________ he be a policeman?
②He ________ be a policeman，but I am not sure.
③He ________ be a policeman，for he is so short.
④He ________ be a policeman，for he is strong and brave.
【答案】①Can②may/might/could③can't④must
3情态动词的完成式
①must have done表示一定做了某事，只用于肯定句中。如：
He must have been a brave boy ten years ago.
②can/could have done用于否定句和疑问句中表示推测。
③could have done用于肯定句中表示本可以做而事实上未做到，含有委婉批评或遗憾之意。如：
I could have come on time，but my car broke on the way.
④may/might have done 表示可能做了某事，用于肯定句和否定句(意为“可能不”)中。
⑤might have done也可以表示本可以做而事实上未做到，含有委婉批评或遗憾之意。如：
She might have done better than that.
⑥should (not) have done＝ought (not) to have done表示本应该做但没做或本不应该做但做了，含有责备或悔意。如：
I oughtn't to have scolded her for such a small thing.
A. 表示“(估计)应该已经……”“大概已经……”，即对过去情况的推测。如：
They left at nine，so they should have arrived(＝probably have arrived) home
by now.
B. 表示“竟然已经……”“居然已经……”，即表示说话人对已经出现的事态感到惊奇、惊喜、怀疑。如：
I'm surprised that he should have been so foolish.
⑦needn't have done 表示本没必要做某事而实际上做了；
didn't need to do 表示本没必要做而实际上也未做。如：
You needn't have walked so quickly since time was enough.
⑧would have done用在虚拟语气句中，表示与过去事实相反。如：
If he had told me the truth，I would have gone there.
⑨would like/love to have done表示本打算做某事而实际上未做。如：
I would like to have read the article，but I was very busy then.
⑩had better have done表示本来最好做某事而实际上未做。如：
You had better have come earlier，but you didn't.
11would rather have done 表示当时宁愿做了或没做。如：
○
I would rather have refused his offer.
用适当的情态动词填空：
①I was really anxious about you. You ________ not have left without a word.
②He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball，otherwise he ________ have scored a goal.
③You ________ not have seen him in the street yesterday，for he has been to Japan.
【答案】①should②would/could/might③can/could
4一般疑问句中几个情态动词的提问和回答
情态动词的回答要根据具体的句意来判断。
完成下列句子：
①—Need I go there now?
—Yes，you________．
—No，you ________．
②—Must I do my homework?
—Yes，you________．
—No，you________．
③—May/Might I use your bike?
—Yes，you ________．＝Yes，you________．＝Yes，please.＝Sure/Certainly.
—No，you ________．
④—Can/Could you help me carry the bag?
—Yes，I ________．
⑤—Will/Would you come to party tonight?
—Yes，I________．
—Sorry，but I________．
⑥—Shall I tell him about it?
—No，you ________. I told him just now.
【答案】①must；needn't ＝don't have to ②must；needn't＝don't have to ③may；can；mustn't/can't ④can⑤will；can't ⑥needn't
5与情态动词有关的固定短语
①may/might well do 很可能做
may/might (just) as well do 不妨做
②cannot/can never...too＝cannot/can never...enough 越……越好
③would rather do和had better do
④A pencil will do (for sth.)＝A pencil will be suitable (for sth.)
⑤The car won't start.＝The car can't be started.
①I really ________ thank you enough. It's been an amazing day.
A. needn't
B. shouldn't
C. mustn't
D. cannot
②These are excellent photographs and we ________well use them in our magazine.
A. can
B. could
C. must
D. may
【答案】①D②D
6must和have to
①must表示的是说话人的主观看法，而have to则往往强调客观需要；
②must一般只表示现在时，have to则有更多的时态形式。
用must和have to的适当形式填空：
①I ________ go now for I have got a meeting 15 minutes later.
②Jenny ________tidy up the room before her mother came back.
【答案】①ha ve to ②had to
7can，could和be able to的区别
①can用于现在时，could只用于过去时，be able to可用于各种时态；
②表示过去经过努力而做成某事要用was/were able to，而不用could。
用can，could和be able to的适当形式填空：
①Although the fire was big，everyone________ escape.
②Only in this way will you ________ finish the work in time.
【答案】①was able to②be able to
8will，would，used to
will，would和used to均表示“习惯”。
①will表示不受时间限制的习惯性动作；
②would表示过去习惯性的动作，但不涉及与现在情况的对比，后不能跟状态动词；
③used to表示过去习惯的动作或状态，但这种习惯现在已不存在了。
用will，would和used to填空：
①He ________ be late for school，but now he is seldom late.
②She ________ sit for hours without saying anything.
③He ________ walk by the river in the morning after he got up.
【答案】①used to②will③would
9虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法
虚拟条件句主句
与现在事实相反的假设过去时would/could/might do
与过去事实相反的假设过去完成时would/could/might have
done
与将来事实相反的假设过去时/should do/were
to
would/could/might do
①错综时间条件句(动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整)。
②if省略句(在条件句中可省略if，把were，had，should提到句首，变为倒装句)。
③用介词或介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的有with，without，but for。
④含蓄条件句。用otherwise或but来体现虚拟语气。
用所给词的适当形式填空：
①If you ________(go) to bed earlier last night，you ________(not be) sleepy now.
②If you________(not attend) the meeting yesterday，you________(not meet) him.
③I ________(be) ill yesterday. Otherwise，I ________(go) there.
④I ________(give) you more help，but I was too busy.
⑤But for the rain last Sunday，we ________(have) a picnic.
【答案】①had gone；wouldn't be ②hadn't attended；wouldn't have met ③was；would have gone ④would have given
⑤would have had
10as if/as though的用法
as if/as though引导的从句表示的情况可能会发生用述语气，表示的情况不可能发生则用虚拟语气。
用所给词的适当形式填空：
①It looks as if it ______________(rain)．
②He speaks Chinese so fluently as if he ________(be) a Chinese.
③They talked as if they ______(be) friends for many years.
【答案】①is going to rain②were③had been
11If only...！句型的使用
If only＋句子＝How I wish＋that从句，句中用虚拟语气。
用所给词的适当形式填空：
①If only I ________(be) a flying bird!
②If only I ________(go) home tomorrow!
③Look at the terrible situation I am in！If only I ________(follow) your advice.
【答案】①were②would go③had followed
12虚拟语气在名词性从句和固定句型中的使用
①表示建议、愿望、命令等词的名词性从句中，常见的词有demand，order，require，requirement，insist，suggest，suggestion，propose，proposal，advise，advice，recommend，desire，request，urge等，从句虚拟语气结构为“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
②It is desired/suggested/proposed/necessary/important/strange/natural/essential/...＋that从句，从句中的谓语用“shoul d＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
③wish (that) sb. did(表现在)/had_done(表过去)/would_do(表将来)(三种虚拟形式)
④would rather (that) sb. did(表现在和将来)/had_done(表过去)(两种虚拟形式)
⑤It's (about/high) time that sb. did sth./sb. should do sth.
用所给词的适当形式填空：
①His face suggested he ________(be) ill and we suggested that he ________(send) to hospital.
②He insisted he ________(be) right and that he ________(set) free.
③It is necessary that he ________(send) to Miami.
④I would rather he ________(come) tomorrow.
⑤It's time that we ________(take) measures.
⑥I wish I ________(see) the film yesterday.
【答案】①was; (should) be sent②was；(should) be set ③(should) be sent ④came⑤took/should take⑥had seen
13名词性从句在虚拟语气中的时态
如果状语从句是虚拟语气，从句或主句中的名词性从句则根据具体语境确定时态。
用所给词的适当形式填空：
①If it were not the fact that she ________(can)not sing，I would invite her to the party tonight.
②If you came to our school，you would find that a library ________(build) now.
【答案】①can②is being built
1. (2014·卷)It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, ________ bring me food.
A. might
B. would
C. should
D. could
2. (2014·卷)________ I have a word with you? It won't take long.
A. Can
B. Must
C. Shall
D. Should
3. (2014·卷)________ no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.
A. Were there
B. Had there been
C. If there are
D. If there have been
4. (2014·卷)People are recycling many things which they ________ away in the past.
A. had thrown
B. will be throwing
C. were throwing
D. would have thrown
5. (2014·卷)We would rather our daughter ________ at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.
A. would stay
B. has stayed
C. stayed
D. stay
6. (2013·卷)I should not have laughed if I ________ you were serious.
A. thought
B. would think
C. had thought
D. have thought
7. (2013·卷)Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He ________ too much at the party last night.
A. could drink
B. should drink
C. would have drunk
D. must have drunk
8. (2013·全国新课标卷)The door ________ open，no matter how hard she pushed.
A. shouldn't
B. couldn't
C. wouldn't
D. mightn't
9. (2012·卷)—Happy birthday!
—Thank you! It's the best present I ________ for.
A. should have wished
B. must have wished
C. may have wished
D. could have wished
10. (2012·卷)—________ you interrupt now？Can't you see I'm on the phone?
—Sorry sir，but it's urgent.
A. Can
B. Should
C. Must
D. Would
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. C 7. D 8. C
9. D 10. C
1. You can't imagine that a well－behaved gentleman ________ be so rude to the old.
A. might
B. need
C. should
D. would
2. Peter ________ be really difficult at times even though he's a nice person in general.
A. shall
B. should
C. can
D. must
3. —________ it be Li Ping who broke the glass?
—No. It ________ be Wang Hai who did it.
A. Could；may
B. Can；can
C. May；must
D. Can；must
4. When the old man was alive，he ________ sit for hours at the door.
A. would
B. could
C. must
D. might
5. —He ________ have been sent to hospital immediately.
—So he________，but all efforts made no difference.
A. should；was
B. must；did
C. ought to；had
D. can；has
6. He denied ________ stolen these watches and insisted that he ________ set free at once.
A. having；be
B. to have；be
C. having；was
D. to have；was
7. —Would you have told him the answer had it been possible?
—I would have，but I ________ so busy then.
A. had been
B. were
C. was
D. would be
8. Madonna ________ a straight－A student，but it was dancing that she was really crazy about.
A. must be
B. could be
C. must have been
D. could have been
9. He ________ have completed his work，otherwise he wouldn't be enjoying himself by the seaside.
A. should
B. must
C. wouldn't
D. can't
10. I was on the highway when his car went past followed by a police car. They ________ at least 150 kilometres an hour.
A. should have been doing
B. must have been doing
C. could have done
D. would have done
11. There________ be any difficulty in passing the road test since you have practised a lot in the driving school.
A. mustn't
B. shan't
C. shouldn't
D. needn't
12. Helen ________ go on the trip with us，but she isn't quite sure yet.
A. shall
B. must
C. may
D. can
13. —Who is the girl standing over there?
—Well，if you ________ know，her name is Mabel.
A. may
B. can
C. must
D. shall
14. “The interest ________ be divided into five parts，according to the agreement
made by both sides，” declared the judge.
A. may
B. should
C. must
D. shall
15. —It's hard to believe that Jack ________ have fought with the policeman.
—Yes. If one ________ ask for trouble，it can't be helped.
A. would；will
B. must；may
C. should；must
D. need；dare
16. —Why didn't Tom give you one of his paintings?
—I didn't want one，but he would have given me one if I ________．
A. did
B. would
C. will
D. had
17. —Shall I go and buy more food and drink for the party?
—No，we have prepared a fridge of those. That ________ be quite enough.
A. can
B. may
C. might
D. ought to
18. I ________ up early this morning，so I stayed in bed until 8 o'clock a．m.
A. needn't have got
B. didn't need to get
C. shouldn't have got
D. can't have got
19. He ________ an action movie on TV when I called him，for I could hear the sound of fighting over the phone.
A. must be watching
B. must have been watching
C. must have watched
D. must watch
20. —Has Mr.Tom White arrived?
—Yes，already. ________ he wait outside or just come in?
A. Shall
B. May
C. Could
D. Must
21. She ________ into the thick forest alone on such a dark night.
A. dares not go
B. dares not to go
C. dare not to go
D. doesn't dare go
22. —Why didn't the manager join us in hiking yesterday?
—I'm not sure. He ________ too busy to get away.
A. might be
B. must be
C. might have been
D. must have been
23. I met a girl yesterday who can express herself freely in both English and French. She ________ a gift for languages.
A. must have had
B. must have
C. should have had
D. should have
24. I'm going to Europe on vacation together with John if I ________ find the money.
A. can
B. might
C. would
D. need
25. —Shall I tell her to come to see you?
—No，you ________．She's already been sent for.
A. needn't
B. shouldn't
C. mustn't
D. wouldn't
26. She ________ well refuse to speak to you，because she is in a very bad mood.
A. will
B. may
C. must
D. can
27. I tried to explain the problem to Mary, but she was so angry that she ________ listen.
A. couldn't
B. shouldn't
C. wouldn't
D. might not
28. —I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.
—How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone ________ it.
A. will have stolen
B. might have stolen
C. should have stolen
D. must have stolen
29. —You needn't take an umbrella. It isn't going to rain.
—Well, I don't know. It ________ do.
A. might
B. need
C. would
D. should
30. If he had spent more time practising speaking English before, he ________ able to speak it much better now.
A. will be
B. would be
C. has been
D. would have been
【答案】1. C 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. A 6. A 7. C 8. D
9. B 10. B 11. C 12. C 13. C 14. D 15. C 16. D
17. D 18. B 19. B 20. A 21. D 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. A 26. B 27. C 28. B 29. A 30. B
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1.I have watched that movie it’ll give me horrible dreams. A.Shouldn’t ’t ’t ’t 2.Mark have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early. ’t ’t ’t ’t , Professor Smith. I didn’t finish the assignment yesterday. -----Oh, you have done it as yesterday was the deadline. 、 ’t ’t
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【11年高考】2004-2014年全国各地高考英语试题分类汇编：情态动词、虚拟语气 (含详细解析)
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2021届高考英语语法一轮复习精讲精练情态动词之高考真题精选(3)
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高考英语情态动词讲解
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