考点语法考点归纳定语从句名词性从句

考点语法考点归纳定语从句名词性从句
考点语法考点归纳定语从句名词性从句

考点语法考点归纳定语从

句名词性从句

Final approval draft on November 22, 2020

【考点五】语法考点归纳5(定语从句、名词性从句)

定语从句考点归纳

1.高考对定语从句的考查集中体现在关系词的选择上,包括关系代词和关系副词。关系代词只有6个,即:that,which,who,whom,whose,as,关系副词只有3个,即:

when,where,why。

2.选择关系代词和关系副词的方法:由于关系词既有连接作用又有替代作用和成分作用(引导定语从句并在从句中替代先行项/词而且还充当一定的成分),所以在选择关系词时有一个很简单的方法。把先行项/词还原到从句中,看看该用什么关系词来替代。例如:

I visited a scientist ______ name is known all over the country. 把先行词a

scientist还原到从句中就是:the scientist’s name is known all over the

country 可见从句中缺定语,这里该填whose。又如:The school _____ I studied for only two years was three kilometers away.

把先行词the school还原到从句中就构成这样一个简单句:I studied for two years in the school. “in the school”是一个表示地点的介词短语,在从句中作状语,要用where(=in which)来替代。

3.注意关系代词as和which引导非限定性定语从句的区别:as引导的非限定性定语从句可以置于句首,而which引导的非限定性定语从句只能位于句中或句尾。

4.注意掌握只用关系代替that、只用关系代词which的常见的几种情况,以及“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。

考点精析

1.关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词, 并在句中充当主语, 宾语, 定语等成分. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时, 从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致.

(1)Who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词, 在从句中所起的作用如下:

Is he the man who/that wants to see you

他就是你想见的人吗 (who/that在从句中作主语)

Hs is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.

他就是我昨天见的那个人.(whom/that在从句中作宾语)

(2)whose用来指人或物, 只用作定语, 若指物, 它还可以同of which.互换. 例如:

They rushed over to help the man shoes car had broken down.

那人的车坏了, 大家都跑过去帮忙

Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.

请递给我那本绿皮的.

(3)Which, that它们所代替的先行词是指代事物的名词或代词, 在从句中可作主语, 宾

语等. 例如:

A prosperity which/that had never been seen before appears in the

countryside.

农村出现了前所未有的繁荣. (Which/that在句中作宾语)

The package (which/that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.

你拿的包快散了 (which/that在句中作宾语)

2.关系副词引导的定语从句

关系副词可代替的先行词是时间. 地点或理由的名词, 在从句中作状语.

(1). When, there, why

关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+which”结构, 因此常常和“介词+which”结构交替使用. 例如:

There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.

任何人都有不得不屈服的时候.

Beijing is the where (in which) I was born.

北京是我的出生地.

Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer

这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗

(2). that代替关系副词

that可以用于表示时间, 地点, 方式理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+which”引导的定语从句, 在口语中that常被省略, 例如:

His father died the year (that/when/in which) he was born.

他父亲在他出身那年逝世了.

He is unlikely to find the place (that/where/in which) he lived forty years ago.

他不大可能找到他40年前居住过的地方.

3.判断关系代词与关系副词

方法一: 用关系代词, 还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词. 及物动词后面无宾语, 就必须要求用关系代词; 而不及物动词则要求用关系副词. 例如:

This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.

I’ll never forget the days when I worked together with you

方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主,谓,宾,定,状), 也能正确选择出关系代词或关系副词.例如:

(1)Is this museum ______you visited a few days ago

A. where

B. that

C. on which

D. the one

(2). Is this the museum ______the exhibition was held.

A. where

B. that

C. on which

D. the one

答案: (1) D (2) A

关系词的选择依据在从句中所作的成分, 先行词在从句中作主语, 定语, 宾语时, 选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行词在从句中作状语时, 应选择关系副词(where地点状语, when时间状语, why原因状语).

4.限制性和非限制性定语从句

(1). 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种. 限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分, 去

掉它主句意思往往不明确: 非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明, 去掉了也不影响主句的意思, 它与主句之间通常用逗号分开, 例如:

This is the house which we bought last month.

这是我们上个月买的那栋房子 (限制性)

The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.

这栋房子很漂亮, 是我们上个月买的 (非限制性)

(2). 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时, 其后的定语从句通常是非限

制性的, 例如:

Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.

查理.史密斯去年退休了, 他曾经是我的老师.

My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.

我去年买的那栋房子带有个漂亮的花园

This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.

这本小说很动人, 我已经读了三遍

5.介词+关系词

(1)介词后面的关系词不能生理.

(2)that前不能有介词.

(3)某些在从句中充当时间, 地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词

when和where互换.

This is the house in which I lived two years ago.

(This is the house where I lived two years ago)

Do you remember the day on which you joined our club

(Do you remember the day when you joined our club)

6.as, which引导的非限制性定语从句

由as, which引导的非限制性定语从句, as和which可代整个主句, 相当于and this 或and that. as引导的从句可放在主句的前面, which引导的从句只能放在主句的后面.

As we know, smoking is harmful to one’s health.

Tom, as we know is from England.

The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.

7.关系代词的that用法

(1)不用that的情况

1)在引导非限制性定语从句时:

2)介词后不能用.

例如:

We depend on the land from which we get our food.

We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.

(2)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况

1)在there be句型中, 只用that , 不用which.

2)在不定代词, 如: anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any,

little等作先行词时, 只用that, 不用which.

3)先行词有the only, the very修饰时, 只用that

4)先行词为序数词, 数词, 形容词最高级时, 只用that

5)先行词既有人, 又有物时用that.

名词性从句考点归纳

1.在句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句(the Noun Clause)。根据它们在句中所充当的成分不同,名词性从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四类。2.广东高考对名词性从句的考查主要体现在连词的选择及各类名词性从句的应用上,注意掌握常见的从属连词that、if、whether等的用法、常见的连接代词who、what、

which、whoever等的用法以及常见的连接副词when、where、why、how等的用法。3.几个要注意的问题:

A.同位语从句与定语从句的用法区别:

一方面从概念和功能上区别:名词性从句作同位语一般用来解释或说明这些名词的

具体含义或内容,在逻辑上表现为同位关系。主体词与同位语从句之间在逻辑上构

成系表关系。而定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限

定,描述它的性质或特征。另一方面,从连接词的作用上区别:在同位语从句中,

that是连词,只起连接作用,无具体词义,that不可省略;在定语从句中,that是关系代词,它在从句中充当一定成分(作主语或宾语),有具体的词义,作宾语时

可以省略。试比较:

The plan t hat I’ll stay there for another week can’t come true. (同位语从句)

The plan that he raised was reasonable.(定语从句)

B.that与what的区别:

that在名词性从句中只起连接作用,不充当任何句子成分,因为关联词that之后是个完整的结构,而且that没有任何词汇意义;而名词性从句中的what集先行词与

关系代词于一身,且本身有一定意义,不仅起连接作用,还要在其引导的从句中作

主语、宾语、表语等。例如:

We all thought it a pity that he lost the good chance.

We must do what the boss told us to do.

C.who与whoever的区别:

who 是“谁”的意思,表疑问,whoever相当于anyone who,意为“任何人”。

Can you tell me who that gentleman is

Whoever wants it may have it.

D.动词后的宾语从句中表达“是否”既可以用“if”也可以用“whether”,但引导同位语从句,表达“是否、是不是”只能用“whether”。另外介词后接宾语从句,表达“是否、是不是”只能用“whether”。例如:

The question whether he will attend the meeting is not settled.

Everything depends on whether we have enough money.

考点精析

一.名词性从句的关联词有三类:

1.从属连词:that, whether, if

2.连接代词:who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever

3.连接副词:when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however

关联词的用法可以简单地归纳为三句话:

(1)从句不缺成分用that

(2)从句缺少主语,宾语和表语,指物用what, which, whatever,指人用who/whom/whoever/whomever/whose.

(3)其他情况,句子中缺什么意思就补所需的带wh-的词(whether, where, when, how, why, who, whom, whose)。

下面我们逐一分析这三句话的含意。

第一句话:从句不缺成分用that,例如:

1) My hope is that she will soon be well again.(表语从句:我的希望是她能很快康复。)

2) Everybody hopes that she will soon be well again.(宾语从句:大家都希望她能很快康复。)

2) That she will soon be well again is our hope.(主语从句:她能很快康复是我们的希望。)

从上面三个句子可以看出:

1)名词性从句中的that只是起连接作用,不.充当任何成分,一定要与定语从句中的关系代词that相区别。

2)引导主语从句,表语从句和同位语从句的情况,that是可以省略的,引导是宾语从句。

第二句话:从句缺少主语宾语和表语,物用what,人用who/whom/whoever/whomever。这是名词性从句考试的重点,特别是what,这里的关键是否能辨认出句子的成分。例如:______he needs is more time.(他需要的是更多的时间)

显然,主语从句中: he是主语,而谓语动词needs缺宾语,因此填what。

Tell us ______you saw and heard during your visit to that university.

同样,宾语从句中谓语动词saw和heard缺宾语,应填what。

This is not ______I want, 同样,表语从句中动词缺宾语,应填what

______some people are against is ______other people are for.

这是一个主语从句+表语从句的结构,介词against和for后面都没有宾语,无疑都应填what:一些人反对的就是其它人赞成的。

第三句话:其他情况,中文缺什么意思就补所需的带wh-的词(whether,where, when, how, why, who, whom, whose), 例如:

I wonder whether he will come in such bad weather.

天气这么糟糕,不知他是否会来。

Who will give us a lecture is unknown.

谁给我们作报告还不知道。

I have no idea how he learned about it.

我不知道他是怎么得知的。

特殊句式考点归纳

1.特殊句式包括强调句、倒装句、省略句等。因为我们常见的句子多数是陈述句,所以当我们在分析句子结构时,如果发现很难弄清句子结构,就要考虑特殊句式。对特殊句式我们通常采用还原句子结构或补全句子结构的方法来分析句子。具体说来,强调句去掉结构词it is/was… that/who后句子结构就一目了然了;对于倒装句,我们把它还原成正常的语序,再来分析句子结构;对于省略句,我们把省略的部分补全后就很容易分析句子结构了。

2.掌握强调句的基本结构以及常见的完全倒装和部分倒装的几种情况,准确识别各种特殊句式。

3.在写作中若能恰当使用强调、倒装等特殊句式,会增加文章的色彩。

定语从句最全面的知识点整理

定语从句整理 定语从句分为限定性和非限定性 1.定语从句修饰先行词 2.关系代词:that, who, whom, whose, which, as 关系副词:where, when, why 3.关系词在句中的作用1. 引导定语从句 2. 代替先行词3.在定语从句中担当一个成分 4.关系代词在从句中做主语或者宾语; 5.关系副词做状语,相当于:介词+which。 when是时间状语,where是地点状语,一些特殊先行词后面也用where,比如 point, situation, part, condition,case 表示到了某种地步,某种程度也用where. * where和when都可以换成介词+which,但是不是所有介词+which都可以换成where或者when。 *不是所有介词都可以放在which或者whom前面,一些动词短语比如:look for, look after,take care of turn in, pay attention to, depend on, listen to就不能拆开使用,且介词后面不能用who或者that 关于关系词的省略 1)who, whom, that, which, 做宾语时可省。 2)that做表语可省 be动词后 3)that做宾补可省 4)*关系副词when在time, year, day后面可省,也可换成that,但不 普遍 5)*关系副词where在place, 和anywhere, somewhere这种--where 的后面时候可以省略,也可换成that但不普遍 6)*关系副词why放在the reason后面,即可换成 for which, that 又可省略,此较普遍。但放在a reason后面可省,但貌似不可以换成that 7)the way后面可以用in which, that 也可省略 关于that 可以用that的情况; that 在定语从句中的功能非常多 1.可以代词关系代词 who, whom, which, 既可以做主语又可以做宾语,做宾语时可以省略;限从中可以说遇到关系代词就可以换成that, whose除外,因为whose的名词所有格(。。。的)whose= of which 2.关系副词why修饰the reason可换成that,也可省。 Notice:见到the reason不一定非要选why, 做宾语时候选which/that, 也可省。 3.that在某些特殊情况下代替 where, when但不普遍。 4.the way后面可以用in which, that 也可省略 必须用that的情况 (做宾语依旧可省) 1.先行词是不定代词 everything, anything, nothing, 等不定代词 *不含something 2.先行词被every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等限定词修饰 3.先行词被序数词修饰 the first, the second..... 4.先行词被最高级修饰 the best, the most 5.先行词被the very, the most修饰时

定语从句专项知识点总结汇总

定语从句专项知识点总结汇总 - 定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。 被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。 关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which, as。 关系副词有:when, where, why, how。 关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间,起连接作用,同时又可做定语从句的一个成分。当关系代词做宾语时可以省略。 定语从句中的谓语动词必须在人称上和数量上和先行词保持一致。 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 1 关系代词引导的定语从句 1) who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:

Is he the man who/that wants to see you? (who/that在从句中作主语) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. (whom/that在从句中作宾语) 2) whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语,若指物,它还可以同of which互换). 例如: Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 3) which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等. 例如: A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. (which / that在句中作宾语) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. (which / that在句中作宾语) 关系代词that和which 都可以指物,that 和Who 都可以指人,其用法区别:

英语定语从句用法总结

英语定语从句用法总结 定语从句,一个简单句跟在一名词或代词后关系代词的用法:1. 作主语用who, which和that, 如: He is the man who/that lives next door. The train which/that has just left is for Shenzhen. 2. 作宾语用whom, who, which, that, 如: The man we have just seen is a famous writer. Where is the book I bought last week? 注:在非正式文体中,用于指人的关系代词who whom, that 通常可以省略,但在正式文体中通常用whom, 不可省略;用于指物的关系代词which和that 在非正式文体中也通常省略,但在正式文体中一般不省略。 3. 作定语用whose, 如: It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time. 注:“whose +名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语 He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten. 4. 作表语只用that ,它既可以指人,也可以指物,但时常省略。如: He is no longer the man that he used to be.

This is no longer the dirty place we met yesterday. 3. why指原因或理由,它的先行词只有reason。如: That is the reason why he is leaving so soon. 注:why时常也可以省略。如: That is the real reason he did it. + which; where = in he arrived. The office where he works is on the third floor. This is the chief reason why we did it. 2. 当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时,一定要注意分析从句的结构,如果缺少主语或 宾语时,关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点 状语时,才能用when或where,试比较: I’ll never forget the day when my hometown was liberated. I’ll never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer. His father works in a factory where radio parts are made. His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts. 3. when和where既可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导 非限制性定语从句。而why 只

中考定语从句完整归纳

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