英语国家概况期末复习
英语国家概况期末复习(12/30Monday 7-9pm)
人物
1.George Washington①first president of US ②US capital named after him ③he is
general of the army ④founding father
2.Thomas Jefferson ①help to write the declaration of independence ②great thinker,
gifted
3.Benjamin Franklin ①great inventor(glasses, stove, post office, help to write
the declaration of independence)
4.Ernest Hemingway ①The Old Man and the Sea ②kill himself
5.Mark Twain ①The Adventure of Tom Sawyer
6.Albert Einstein①the theory of relativity ②he was a German, Jewish
7.Martin Luther King ①famous speech “I have a dream”②civil right ③fight with
black people ④1960s ⑤assassinate 刺杀
8.Rosa Parks ①civil right leader ②wouldn’t give up her seat, work as a cleaner
9.Abraham Lincoln ①civil war ②president ③make American together ④slavery ⑤
assassinate
10.Amelia Earhart ①woman can do anything man can do ②she was a pilot
11.Helen Keller ①she was the first deafblind person to earn a Bachelor of Arts
degree ②her teacher Anne Sullivan
12.Babe Ruth ①he was an American professional baseball player ②he was a Major
League Baseball(MLB)
历史
1.The Assassination of Abraham Lincoln (John Wilkes Booth is a famous writer)
Why he killed Lincoln: he was from south
This event really marked the history in U.S. It started during Lincoln’s second inaugural address（就职演说）, which is the famous “charity for all ” speech. Lincoln was shot in the back of the head with a 44 caliber (口径) Derringer （德林格）, percussion-cap pistol (雷管手枪), during the performance of “Our American Cousin”, at Ford’s Theater in Washington
D.C. He leaped to the stager, breaking her left fibula （排骨）, and shouted, ”Sic simper
tyrannis ! ” and again shouted, “The South is avenged （被报复）”
2.Louisiana Purchase
It’s been mentioned more than once begore, and you are probably familiar with it anyway, but let us not forget that with one shrewd business deal, Thomas Jefferson doubled the United States of America’s area. The U.S. paid 60 million francs, and canceled French debts totaling
another 18 million, for a grand total of 78 million francs, or about＄15 million, which is an extraordinarily good sale price for 828,800 square miles.
3.atom bomb
Manhattan Project
This is actually a research and development program by United in collaboration with United Kingdom and Canada that produced the first atomic bomb during the World WarⅡ. This Manhattan Project started in 1939, but grew to employ more than 130,000 people.
Research and production took place at more than 30 sites, thus two types of atomic bomb were developed during the war. This project maintained control over American atomic weapons research and production, the U.S. this is one of the most important events in the U.S history.
4.1974 越南战争 the first war you can watch from TV
Vietnam War
This became part of the most important even in U.S. history because the United States supports the South Vietnam during this era. Vietnam War was actually a Cold War-era military conflict that occurred in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia. The U.S. government viewed involvement in the war in order to prevent a communist takeover of South Vietnam. U.S. government involvement escalated in the early 1960s, thus this is really one of the most important events that became part of the U.S. history.
4.Death of Osama bin Laden
Osama bin Laden was actually the former powerful leader of the Islamist militant group al-Qaeda. He died last May 2, 2011, in Pakistan by Navy SEALs of the United States Naval Special Warfare development Group. The operation was actually called as Operation Neptune Spear that was ordered by President Barack Obama.
This is really one of the important events in U.S. history that really makes the whole world shout for joy.
5.Assassination of John F. Kennedy
John Fitzgerald Kennedy was assassinated on November 22, 1963 in Dealcy Plaza, Dallas, Texas. He was seriously shot while traveling with his wife and the latter’s wife in a Presidential motorcade. It was investigated that he was assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald. The assassination was suspected that it was due to conspiracy. This event really shocked everyone, thus is actually one of the most important events in U.S. history.
6.The American Revolution
Just like other countries, American also experiences the most common event that happened in every country and this is no other that revolution. The American revolution was actually the political upheaval during the last half of the 18th century. There are thirteen colonies in North America that joined together to break free from the British Empire, thus the combination of these colonies became the United States of America. This event really made its part in the history of U.S.
7.American Civil War
This war in the United States happened in order to fought over the secession of the Confederate States. There are eleven southern states that declared their secession from United States and formed the Confederate States do America. The confederacy surrendered and slavery was abolished right after the four-year war.
This event really affects the lives of the people, thus this is actually one of the most important events that happened in U.S.
8.September 11 Attacks
This event is also known as 9/11 where there were a lot of people who became victims of these suicide attacks. There were series of four attacks upin the United States in New York City and the Washington D.C. areas on September 11, 2001. These tragedies really affect the lives of the people working and living in these areas. These event is actually one of the most important even in the history of United States.
9. Apollo 11
America is really proud of this event since Americans were actually the first humans who step on the moon. Apollo 11 was a spaceflight that brought the first human on the Moon and thus they are all Americans, namely Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin. Apollo 11 ended the Space Race and fulfilled a national goal proposed in 1961 by president John F. Kennedy. This event really marked as the most important event in U.S. history.
9.Death Toll of American Civil War
Civil war 620,000 lives
WWⅡ 318,000
WWⅠ 115,000
Vietnam 56,227
Korean War 33,000
Mexican War 13,270
Spanish-American 9,700
Revolutionary War 4,044
Operation Iraqi Freedom 3,492
10.Important Dates to Know
1787: the U.S. Constitution is written
1906: Upton Sinclair’s the jungle raises awareness of the food industry 1915: a German torpedo sinks the passenger ship the Lusitania.
1917: the United States joins World War Ⅰ.
1920: the 19th Amendment is ratified, giving women the right to vote.
1920-1933: the prohibition makes alcohol illegal in the United States
1927: the jazz singer is the first movie with sound
Ocr24, 1929: the wall street crash, setting off the Great Depression.
1932: Franklin D. Roosevelt becomes president, a title he keeps until his death in 1945.
1933: Roosevelt launches the New Deal.
Dec7, 1941: Japanese bombers attack US ships at Pearl Harbor
Aug6, 1945: Hiroshima is decimated by atomic bomb. Two days later, a second atomic bomb is dropped on Nagasaki.
11.Dates to Remember
1962: the Cuban missile crisis
1967: Thurgood Marshall becomes the first black Supreme Court Justice
1968: Martin Luther King Jr. is assassinated in Memphis, T.N.
1974: Nixon resigns. Gerald ford becomes president.
1981: IBM launches the first personal computer
1989: the Cold War ends
1995: A truck bomb destroys the Alfred Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, killing 168 people
2005: Hurricane Katrina
2007: Virginia Tech Massacre
2008: First African-American president of the United States elected
作家
1.Know something about each
(1)William Faulkner-1949 Nobel Prize Literature
(2)Mark Twain- the quintessential American writer
(3)Edgar Allen Poe-short story and his creation of detective story
(4)Ernest Hemingway- best dialogue of any writer
(5)John Steinbeek- American dream and champion the poor and downtrodden
(6)F. Scott Fitzgerald – the best American novel ever written
2.Authors
(1)Herman Melville – Moby Dick
(2)Kurt Vonnegut – greatest American novelist and public intellectual
(3)Ralph Waldo Emerson – greatest essayist of history
(4)J.D Salinger- Jack London – Joseph Heller
(5)Emily Dickinson – Walt Whitman – poets
(6)Harper Lee – to kill a mockingbird
3.Great Writers
(1)Jack Kerouac –‘On the Road’
(2)Ayn Rand – individualism capitalism
(3)Steven King – modern Pop and Horror
(4)Margaret Mitchell – Gone with the Wind
(5)Toni Morrison – great female black modern novelist
(6)Tennessee Williams – best known for his plays “ cat on a hot tin roof.”
“A Streetcar Named Desire,” and “the class menagerie”
https://www.360docs.net/doc/bf14468697.html,A Olympic Medals
(1)USA – Total medals summer/winter 2552
(2)Gold 1018 – silver 824 – bronze 710
(3)Ussr – total medals summer /winter 1204
(4)Germany – total medals summer / winter 718
(5)Italy – total medals summer / winter 627
英语国家概况期末考整理
Unit 1 UK 著名景点 Big Ben 大本钟2、Tower Bridge(crosses the River Thames; close to the Tower of London; symbol of London ) 3、Westminster Abbey ( Gothic church in the City of Westminster,London; Coronation and burial site for British monarchs.) 4、Red Double Decker Bus (mass transit) 英国基本知识 1、constituent parts ? England/ Scotland/ Northern Ireland/ Wales(国旗) 2、the national anthem(国歌)? God save the queen 3、The national Emblem? 4、National flower? Rose (Wars of the Roses - civil wars (1455-1485) between the royal house of Lancaster ( red rose) and the royal house of York (white rose).) 5、地理位置 6、Full name?The "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland".（The British Isles不列颠岛; Great Britain; UK ; Commonwealth） 7、Three political divisions（行政区域）: England, Scotland, and Wales. 8、Commonwealth? A free association of sovereign states comprising Great Britain and a number of its former dependencies ; united as ?free and equal members‘. 9、Capital England(London); Scotland(Edinburgh); Wales(Cardiff); Northern Ireland(Belfast) 10、Backbone of England? Pennine 11、Ben Nevis? the highest mountain in UK. 1343m 12、North Ireland? National flower: Irish clover (三叶草)；Lough Neagh (the largest lake in UK) ; industrious; agricultural 13、Rivers and lakes?1. The Severn River(longest river; from the mountain of Wales to the Bristol Channel) 2. The Thames River (Main source of London‘s water supply;Second longest river in Britain; Costwold Hills--North Sea)3. The Clyde River (The most important river in Scotland)4. Lake District 5. Lough Neagh（The largest lake in Britain (396 square kilometers), Northern Ireland.） 14、The climate in Britain?pea souper 超级浓雾 Unit2 UK 1、the first settler? The Iberian(伊比利亚人) 2、Stonehenge(巨石阵)?was a place of healing center；The most important monument left by Iberian；There are about 80 stones, and each is five meters tall. 3、The Celtic language? the basis of both Welsh and Gaelic(盖尔语) (Irish,Scotish). 4、Hadrian ‘s Wall 5、7th century Heptarchy（七国联盟）?(Wessex; Sussex; Kent; Essex; East Anglia; Mercia; Northumbria) 6、Viking pirates(维京海盗) ? Vikings from Denmark；established some small kingdoms；Northern and eastern England 7、The Norman Conquest(1066)? The Normans that invaded England in 1066 came from Normandy in Northern France.
英语国家概况论文——海伦凯勒
Helen Keller Zhang Chu (09yingjiao1-35) Abstract：This passage shows about a blind deaf author and educator—Helen Keller. When she was half a year old, an unexpected disaster happened to her which made her forfeit the instinct for living. After that, this little girl became isolated to the vivid and dramatic world. However, in the darkness and a lonely world, she didn't give up and never surrendered to fate. With the help and encouragement from her teacher Anne Sullivan, she overcame all the sufferings caused by the physical defects tenaciously. She learned to speak and study, and began to communicate with others. When she was 24, she graduated from Radcliffe College, Harvard University and became a knowledgeable famous writer and educator, who got hold of five languages. Helen’s life is extraordinary and she gave us great encouragement. She taught us to cherish our health and this wonderful time. Key words: Helen Keller, Anne Sullivan, love, encourage, breakthrough, success 1. Introduction The background of Helen Keller’s family and education did a beneficial foundation for Helen Keller’s success. 1.1Family Background Helen Adams Keller was born on June 27, 1880, in Tuscumbia, Alabama. Her family lived on a homestead, Ivy Green, which Helen's grandfather had built decades earlier. Helen's father, Arthur H. Keller, spent many years as an editor for the Tuscumbia North Alabamian and had served as a captain for the Confederate Army. Helen's mother, Kate Adams,was the daughter of Charles Adams. Helen's paternal grandmother was the second cousin of Robert E. Lee. In a word, hose in Helen’s family members had extraordinary position, which gave a superior foundation for Helen’s success in defeating the suff erings. Helen's father's lineage can be traced to Casper Keller, a native of Switzerland. Coincidentally, one of Helen's Swiss ancestors was the first teacher for the deaf in Zurich. It might be another helpful factor for her to overcome the troubles.(1998:1-2) 1.2Education background
英语国家概况论文-政治体制 英文
Comparison of the Politics in Britain and United States Abstract: The system that British established in 19 century has a profound effect not only on its own country’s society developments of politics and history but also on other counties’ modern institution, politics and history. British is the mother of world capitalist constitutionalism. As a powerful capitalistic country, US’system is also based on the British’s system and set a prefect system after some reforms. Even so, the systems of the two countries still have many differences. Both of the two countries have powerful political systems in the world. Keywords: constitution, party systems, electoral system 1. Introduction: (political institution is superstructure, generally refers to the state power organs and the basic system which adapted with the social nature. "Political system, as same as the various systems of the human society, is the product of history development, branding with time and space.”) After the English bourgeois revolution, democratic politics was gradually established. The constitution was promulgated and constitutionalism was gradually be taken. Capitalism got a considerable development in Britain. Britain built the first set of the capitalist system, which is known as the source and model of Western political system. British and US political systems have the same theoretical basis: the principle of "separation of powers” and the theory of “human rights”; the concrete content includes the parliamentary system, the electoral system, the judicial system, and the political party system, etc; these are all considered to be the elements of "people's democracy", Regimes implemented the principles of separation of powers and check and balance and the "rule of law". And most fundamentally,as two typical representatives of capitalist countries’ political systems, Britain and USA have the same nature in the maintenance of bourgeois interests and the private capitalist system, the implementation of other aspects of bourgeois dictatorship. But in the specific political system level, they present different characteristics, the paper only compare British and American political system from three aspects of the Constitution, the party system, the electoral system. 2. Comparison of constitutions Britain is typical of countries with unwritten constitution, there is no unified, complete written form, and its constitutional system is extremely complex which is constituted by a variety of written and unwritten customary law, jurisprudence and constitutional practices constituted. British constitution can not be listed by one or several pieces of documents, nor strict distinct by the time, it lacks rigorous and explicit content, consistent and complete system。 The United States Constitution is the first written constitution in the world. In the course of its development, the United States Constitution formed the four main principles: the separation of powers and checks and balances, federalism, limited the powers of the government and judicial review. The US Constitution carried thorough the separation of powers which provide the separation of the legislative, judicial and administrative. Congress, the Federal Court and the President perform their respective duties, and the division of labor between federal, state and local governments is also very clear. Federal Court is an important weight in the separation of powers and checks and balances in the United States, in addition to the administrative function and legislative function, the most important function is the supervisory function and judicial function. Judges enjoy constitutional status and was appointed guardian to uphold the Constitution; the
英语国家概况的复习资料
英语国家概况考试题型如下： 1.选择题（30 X 1’） 2.填空题（20 X 1’） 3.简答（10 X 2’）--必须回答完整的句子 4.分析题（6 X 5’）-- 必须回答完整的句子 总分100 分 主要内容包括： 一．U.S. Geography 1.Full name of U.S.. 2.Number of States: 50 states. 3.After President Jefferson brought the Louisiana territory from France there was a desire for territorial expansion among many frontier men. 4.The U.S. has a land area of 9.3 million square kilometers. The fourth largest countries. 5.Taxas is the largest mainland state of the U.S.. Alaska is the largest state of the U.S.. 6.Hawaii is in the Pacific Ocean. 7.America’s movies are mostly made in Hollywood near the city of Los Angeles in south California. 二．U.S. People 1.The largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the US is the Blacks (Afriican-Americans). 2.The “first Americans” were the Indians. 3.The Asian-Americans are the fastest-growing racial and ethnic group in the United States. 4.The first permanent settlement in North America was established in today’s V erginia in the year of 1607. 5.The “Three Faiths” in the U.S. refer to: ?Protestan ?Catholic ?Jewish 6.The majority of the Catholics in the U.S. are descendants of immigrants from Ireland, Italy and Poland. 7.American society is a stratified one in which power, wealth and pestige are unequally distributed among the population. 8.WASP stands for White Anglo-Saxon Protestant.
英语国家概况_习题集(含答案)
《英语国家概况》课程习题集西南科技大学成人、网络教育学院版权所有 习题 【说明】：本课程《英语国家概况》（编号为12010）共有单选题,名词解释题,简答题,填空题2等多种试题类型，其中，本习题集中有[简答题]等试题类型未进入。 一、单选题 1. Celts were different groups of ancient people who came originally from________ A. France B. Denmark C. Ireland D. Germany 2. Who invaded and conquered Britain for the first time in 55 BC? A. Emperor Claudius B. Julius Caesar C. King Alfred D. King Ethelred 3. Who is the author of Murder in the Cathedral? A. Christopher Marlowe B. T. S. Eliot C. Ben Johnson D. Thomas Becket 4.When Oliver Cromwell died in 1658, and was succeeded by his son, ______, the regime began immediately to collapse. A. Henry B. Hamilton C. Richard D. Charles 5. The 18th century saw selective breeding of cattle, sheep and houses by _________. A. Jethro Tull B. Thomas Coke C. George III D. Robert Bakewell 6. Which of the following is not one of the members of the Lords Temporal? A. all hereditary peers and peeresses of the England, Scotland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom (but not peers of Ireland) B. lire peers created to assist the House in its judicial duties C. senior bishops of the Church of England D. all other life peers 7. Two years after the ending of the Hundred Years’ War with France, England was thrown into another series of civil wars, ________. A. the War of the Celts
英语国家概况(阅读)期末复习资料
英语国家概况（阅读） 1、Which of the following statements is NOT true? C.The Social Democratic and Labour Party is a very important political party in Britain 2、Which of the following statements is NOT correct? D.Parliament has no power to change the terms of the Constitution. 3、To get a bachelor’s degree, an American undergraduate student is required to do the following except ____. C.taking certain subjects such as history, language and philosophy 4、Which of the following is the only branch that can make federal laws, and levy federal taxes? B.The legislative. 5、Which one of the following is NOT particularly British Christmas tradition? C.Eating chocolate eggs on Easter Day. 6、Which of the following statements is NOT true about blacks after the 1960s? A.Blacks felt that they could be fully integrated into the mainstream of American life. 7、The New Deal was started by ___. A.Franklin Roosevelt. 8、Which of the following is NOT based on the fact? A.Members of Parliament elect the Prime Minister and the Cabinet. 9、Three of the following are characteristics of London, Which of the four is the EXCEPTION? C.London is not only the largest city in Britain, but also the largest in the world 10、In order to go to university, secondary school students in the US must meet the following requirements except that ___. D.They pass the college entrance examinations 11、Which of the following statements is NOT correct? When the War of Independence was over, ___. D.the relationships between the states and the national government were clearly defined. 12、Which of the following about the tabloids is not true? A.They are big format newspapers. 13、In the 17th century,the English government encouraged people from Scotland and Northern England to emigrate to the north of Ireland, because ____. A.they wanted to increase its control over Ireland 14、The largest religion in the US is ___. B.Christianity 15、Which of the following is NOT a feature of the House of Lords? C.The lords are expected to represent the interests of the public.
英语专业国家概况期末复习总结
英语国家概况 名词解释 1. The civil rights movement (1955–1968) refers to the reform movements in the United States aimed at abolishing racial discrimination against African Americans and restoring suffrage in Southern states. 2. A federal system A federal system is one in which power is shared between a central authority and its constituent parts with some rights reserved to each. 3. King Arthur It is said that he was the King of England in the 5th century and united the British and drove the Saxons back with his magical sword, Excalibur. His real existence is in doubt. He is the central figure of many legends. 4. The Anglo-Saxons They were two groups of Germanic peoples who settled down in England from the 5th century. They were regarded as the ancestors of the English and the founders of England. 5. Riverdance Riverdance is a very popular form of dancing based on I reland’s intricate folk dances which are rearranged and modernized and adapted onto current stage performance. Dancing is traditionally part of Irish culture. It is usually accompanied by the Irish pipe and fiddle. The music usually sounds fast and furious. Most of the action is from the waist down, with the arms held rigidly at the sides. 6. The House of Commons The House of Commons is the real centre of British political life because it is the place where about 650 elected representatives (Members of Parliament) make and debate policy. These MPs are elected in the General Elections and should represent the interests of people who vote for them. 7. The Commonwealth It is a voluntary association of states which is made up of Britain and mostly of former British colonies. There are 54 members of the Commonwealth including one currently suspended member: many of these are developing countries like India and Cyprus; others are developed nations like Australia, Canada and New Zealand. The Commonwealth was set up as a forum for continued cooperation and as a sort of support network. 8. Maoritanga Maoritanga means ―Maori culture‖. It refers to all the elements of the rich cultural heritage of the indigenous people in New Zealand, including their language, customs and traditions. 9. The “Washminster” form polity The ―Washminster‖form of polity is adopted by the Australian government. It is a mixture of the US Washington system of government and the British Westminster system. This means that the political
英语国家概况-论文
The Sports Culture of the United Kingdom ---An Introduction to the UK 姓名：谢宏桥 学号：2012213047 班级：七班 分数： 2013 年 12 月20 日 When it comes to the United Kingdom, People will always think of the British gentlemen with traditional hat and cane. In fact, sports are as traditional as gentlemen in Britain. The United Kingdom, a traditional and strong country not only in the area of industry and comprehensive national strength, but also in the area of sports, has a long history for playing sports. A lot of major sports originated in the UK, including association football, golf, tennis, boxing, rugby league, rugby union, cricket, field hockey, snooker, billiards, squash, curling and badminton, all of which are popular in Britain. Even the table tennis and baseball, the Chinese and American national sports, originated from Britain. Now British sports not only affect the social context at home, but also have a great impact outside home. We even can regard the sports as a reflection of British culture. Let’s know about Britain from its sports culture. 1. Various important sports originating in the UK 1.1 Association football. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a very important sport originated in his traditional home—England in the 19th century. The laws of the game were originally codified in England by the Football
《英语国家概况》模拟试卷(二)及答案
《英语国家概况》模拟试卷（二） (考试时间150分钟) (英语专业) I. Direction: Read the following unfinished statements of questions carefully. For each unfinished statement of question four suggested answers A; B, C and D are given. Choose the one you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on your answer sheet (25%) 1. There are ______ political divisions on the island of Great Britain. A. one B. two C. three D. four 2. Magna Carta had altogether 63 clauses of which the most important matters could be seen in three of the following except _______. A. no tax should be made without the approval of the Grand Council; B. no serf should be arrested, imprisoned or deprived of his property except by the law of the land C. London and other towns should retain their ancient rights and privileges D. There should be the same weights and measures through - out the country. 3. The first steam engine was devised by Thomas Newcomer at the end of the 17th century, and the Scottish inventor ________ modified and improved the design in 1765. A. Abraham Darby B. James Watt C. John Kay D. Richard Arkwright 4. In some areas factory farming methods are used, particularly for ________. A. growing crop B. producing milk C. catching fish D. rearing poultry 5. By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed ______ by the Sovereign in the United Kingdom. A. Prime Minister B. Member of Parliament C. Lord of Appeal D. Speaker of the House 6. Under the Anglo - Irish Treaty, Britain established _______ with dominion status in Ireland in 1921. A. the Anglican Church of Ireland B. the Irish Free State C. the Irish Republican Army
2011英语国家概况期末考
2011英语国家概况期末考 1 of 100 Whose speech is closest to BBC English? A Cockney Southerners in England northerners in England A Welsh 2 of 100 The two newest states which joined the United States are _____. Alaska and Hawaii California and New Mexico Alaska and Florida Hawaii and Oregon 3 of 100
Which of the following is NOT one of the general standards for admission into an institution of higher learning in the U. S. A.? ACTP GPA MBA SAT 4 of 100 Britain's longest rivers are _____. the Severn and the Thames the Thames and the Clyde the Clyde and the Humber the Severn and the Clyde 5 of 100 New Englanders were originally known as _______. Yankees German farmers
Fishermen from Scandinavia English Puritans 6 of 100 The Constitution of the United States provides that _____ shall be President of the Senate. the Chief Justice the Secretary of State the Vice President the President 7 of 100 Which of the following is NOT one of the clauses in Magna Carta? There should be the same weights and measures throughout the country. The principle of parliamentary supremacy should be confirmed and free speech in Parliament should be guaranteed.