catti三级笔译历年试题整理-2019

英语三级笔译实务汉译英试题

CE

作为中国浙江省省会城市，杭州是中国着名历史文化名城。距今约5300多年的良渚文化遗址（位于杭州余杭区）是中华文明发祥地之一。

杭州以美丽的山水着称于世。中国古代谚语“上有天堂，下有苏杭”表达出古往今来人们对于这座美丽城市的由衷喜爱。位于杭州西南的西湖，以其秀丽的湖光山色和众多名胜古迹而成为闻名中外的旅游胜城，2011年被正式列入《世界遗产名录》。此外，气势浩荡的钱江大潮，每年吸引无数游客。

杭州拥有丰富的历史文化遗迹。南起杭州，北到北京的京杭大运河始建于1631年，全长约1797公里，是世界上最长、最古老的人工水道。2014年6月22日，京杭大运河正式入选《世界遗产名录》。

在世界上，杭州也颇具有知名度。13世纪，意大利着名旅行家马可·波罗在游记中赞叹杭州为“世界上最美丽之城”。2011年，杭州曾被美国《纽约时报》评为全球41个旅游城市之一，被联合国评为“国际花园城市”。

杭州还曾在中美建交过程中扮演重要角色，2015年1月，中国提出发展“旅游外交”。杭州作为着名旅游城市，又率先实践“旅游外交”。

CATTI 英语三级笔译实务试题

EC

Both WHO’s constitution and the declaration assert that health is a human right, not a privilege for those who can afford it. Over time, that right has made its way into both national and international law. But importantly, the right to health is not simply a noble idea on a piece of paper. In the past 70 years, it has been a platform for major improvements in global health. Since 1948, life expectancy has increased by 25 years. Maternal and childhood mortality have plummeted. Smallpox has been eradicated and polio is on the brink. We have turned the tide on the HIV/AIDS epidemic.

Deaths from malaria have dropped dramatically. New vaccines have made once-feared diseases easily preventable. And there are many other causes for celebration. But even as we continue to struggle with old threats, new ones have arisen. Climate change will have profound effects on health. Antimicrobial resistance has the potential to undo the gains of modern medicine.?

Vaccine hesitancy is putting millions of young lives at risk. Noncommunicable diseases, including heart disease, stroke, cancer diabetes, hypertension, lung diseases and mental illnesses have become the major killers of our time. And of course, we continue to face the ever-present threat of outbreaks and other health the past 12 months, WHO has responded to 47 emergencies in 50 countries. As

you know, we are currently responding to an outbreak of Ebola in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.?

As of today, there have been 373 cases and 216 deaths since the outbreak started in August. So far, we have managed to prevent Ebola from spreading across the border, partly because we have much better tools with which to fight Ebola than at any time in history. More than 32,000 people have been vaccinated, which is one of the reasons the outbreak has not spread further than it has.?

So far, 150 people have been treated with one of four drugs. 14 million travelers have been screened, there have been more than 190 safe and dignified burials, we have done door-to-door advocacy in almost 4000 households and we have trained more than 500 community leaders. But this outbreak has been much more difficult ton control, largely because of the security situation in eastern DRC. Armed groups operating in the area conduct regular attacks on the city of Beni, the epicentre of the outbreak. And every time there is an attack, the virus gets an advantage. Vaccination and contact tracing are disrupted.

The best long-term investment in protecting and promoting the right to health is to invest in stronger health systems. Because there is simply no other way to achieve universal health coverage and the Sustainable Development Goals than primary health care, with a focus on health promotion and disease prevention. That’s why WHO and 10 other international health agencies have agreed to work together on a Global Action Plan for Healthy Lives and Well-Being.?

The plan has three strategic approaches:

integration,acceleration and , we have committed to align many of our processes to increase our collective efficiency. Second, we have committed to accelerate progress by identifying areas of work in which we can truly bend the curve and make more rapid progress towards the health-related SDGs – like research and development, data and sustainable financing. And third, we have committed to keep each other accountable, both to the people we serve, and to the donors and partners who expect results from the resources they give us.

CE

互联网在中国改革开放过程中起到的巨大作用怎么说都不为过。从

2000年开始，中国互联网应用的普及，现在已经快20年了。尤其是在最后15年里，互联网为中国的高速发展起到了决定性的作用。经济要发展，有

两点是至关重要的：第一是提高生产效率，提高生产质量，搞更有创意的

设计；第二是确保渠道的畅通，让工厂生产的东西以最快的速度、最低的

成本到消费者的手里。

互联网在两个环节都为中国的产业发展起到了推动的作用。互联网的发展极大地缩小了我们与先进国家在设计理念和设计人才的差距。通过互联网，我们以更快的速度获取全球最先进的设计技术和理念。

在渠道的领域，它的效果更加明显，比如说电商。老百姓通过互联网更容易表达自己的意愿，更容易对我们现有的一些产品提出批评性的意见，而这些也都更好地推动企业的生产，推动政府职能转变。互联网在获取信息、信息沟通上，把农村人和城市人放在了平等的地位上。通过互联网，每一个人都能够实时地看到国家的进步和城市的高速发展。反过来，这极大激发了人们谋求发展的愿望，而这些愿望又转化成巨大的动力，更好地促进发展。

CATTI 英语三级笔译实务科目试题

EC

Improved human well-being is the greatest triumph of modern era. The age of plenty has also led to an unexpected global health crisis: two billion people are either overweight or obese. Developed countries have been especially susceptible to unhealthy weight gain. However, developing countries are now facing a similar crisis. Obesity rates have peaked in high income countries but are accelerating elsewhere. The combined findings of the World Health Organisation and the World Bank showed that in 2016 Asia was home to half the world’s overweight children. One quarter were in Africa.

This crisis will test the political resolve of governments that have focused on ending hunger. These governments must understand that the factors making cities convenient and productive also make their residents prone to obesity. Urbanites enjoy a variety of culinary options. International fast food chains are flourishing in developing countries. The health risks of such diets are compounded by the sedentary lifestyles of urban dwellers. People’s leisure time is also being occupied by television, movies and video games in the growing number of households.

The alarming implication of these trends is that developing countries may become sick before they get rich. That sickness may, in turn, cripple health systems. The yearly health care costs in Southeast Asia of obesity-related complications like diabetes and cardiovascular disease are already as high as US $10 billion. Such diseases are an added burden on countries already struggling to manage primary health care needs.

Policies related to taxation, urban design, education and the promotion of food systems may help control obesity at a lower cost than eventual medical treatment for an increasingly overweight population. Some governments have already experimented with direct interventions to control obesity, such as taxation on unhealthy foods and drinks. Thailand, Brunei, and Singapore have adopted soda tax . South Africa is likely to introduce a sugar tax beginning in April 2018. The city of Berkeley in California recognises that taxes alone are not enough to address obesity. Proceeds from the city’s sugar tax are used to support child nutrition and community health programmes. This underscores the importance of education.

There is also promise in many initiatives. Urban design holds significant power to reshape lifestyle patterns and public health. Improving the attractiveness of public space can draw residents out of their cars and living rooms. A recent study of urban neighbourhoods in Shanghai and Hangzhou found that residents living in walkable neighbourhoods are healthier than residents living in less walkable

neighourhoods in urban China. Finally, healthier lifestyles begin in grocery store aisles.

Governments should encourage tighter connections between agricultural production systems, urban grocers and food vendors. Such initiatives can also help urban residents better understand the mechanics of food sourcing. This raises awareness about the relationship between natural foods and healthy lifestyles. Combining controls on unhealthy foods with policies that incentivise healthy eating and active lifestyles is important for developing countries from both an economic and social point of view. To quote the recent Global Nutrition Report, “Reducing obesity will boost global development.”

CE

煤炭是地球上储量最丰富的能源，但目前反对使用煤炭的声浪日益高涨。煤炭巨大的碳排放量引起气候变化，从而引起公众的担忧，煤炭与其他能源相比竞争力下降。

以美国为例，页岩油气的出现造成部分煤炭因价格过高而被排挤出市场。美国去年煤炭需求接近亿吨，由于天然气价格下跌，今年煤炭需求将减少6000万吨到8000万吨。

数据显示，煤炭满足了全球约30%的能源需求，供应了40%的电力。在人口第一和第二大国的中国和印度，煤炭所满足的能源需求比例高达70%

左右。

中国的煤炭消费量在去年已经下降，煤炭进口下滑了11%，这是10年来的首次下降。中国的经济增速已经放缓，同时也做出极大努力减少煤炭的使用以减少污染。由于燃煤发电厂没有满负荷运行，再加上煤炭供应充足，造成国际煤炭价格压低。煤出口价格从去年的峰值下跌了约60%。

英语三级笔译实务试题

EC

Plastic and traces of hazardous chemicals have been found in Antarctica, one of the world’s last great wildernesses, according to a new study. Researchers spent three months taking water and snow samples from remote areas of the continent earlier this year. These have now been analysed and researchers have confirmed the majority contained “persistent hazardous chemicals” or microplastics. The findings come amid growing concern about the extent of the plastic pollution cr isis which scientists have warned risks “permanent contamination” of the planet. Earlier this week, the UN warned it is one of the world’s biggest environmental threats and said although 60 countries were taking urgent action more needed to be done. The new report by researchers at Greenpeace is part of global campaign to create the world’s biggest ocean sanctuary in the seas around Antarctica to protect the fragile ecosystem from industrial

fishing and climate change. Frida Bengtsson（弗里达?本特森）, of Greenpeace’s Protect the Antarctic campaign, said the findings proved that even the most remote areas of the planet were not immune from the impact of manmade pollution. “We need action at source, to stop these pollutants ending up in the Antarctic in the first place, and we need an Antarctic ocean sanctuary to give space for penguins, whales and the entire ecosystem to recover from the pressures they’re facing,” she said. Seven of the eight sea-surface water samples tested contained microplastics such as microfibres. Seven of the nine snow samples tested contained detectable concentrations of the persistent hazardous chemicals. Researchers said the chemicals are widely used in many industrial processes and consumer products and have been linked to reproductive and developmental issues in wildlife. They said the snow samples gathered included freshly fallen snow, suggesting the hazardous chemicals had come from contaminated rain or snowfall. Prof Alex Rogers（亚历克斯?罗杰斯），a specialist in sustainable oceans at the Oxford Martin school, Oxford University, said the discovery of plastics and chemicals in Antarctica confirmed that manmade pollutants were now affecting ecosystems in every corner of the world. And he warned the consequences of this pervasive contamination remained largely unknown. “The big question now is what are the actual consequences of finding this stuff here Many of these chemicals are pretty nasty and as they move up the food chain they may be having serious consequences for the health of wildlife, and ultimately humans. The effects of microplastics on marine life, likewise, are largely not understood,” he said.

There is relatively little data on the extent of microplastics in Antarctic waters, and researchers said they hoped this new study would lead to a greater understanding of the global extent of plastic and chemical pollutants. Bengtsson said, “Plastic has now been found in all corners of our oceans, from the Antarctic to the Arctic and at the deepest point of the ocean, the Mariana trench. We need urgent action to reduce the flow of plastic into our seas and we need large-scale marine reserves –like a huge Antarctic ocean sanctuary which over people are calling for –to protect marine life and our oceans for future generations.”

There is relatively little data on the extent of microplastics in Antarctic waters, and researchers said they hoped this new study would lead to a greater understanding of the global extent of plastic and chemical pollutants. Bengtsson said，“Plastic has now been found in all corners of our oceans, from the Antarctic to the Arctic and at the deepest point of the ocean, the Mariana trench. We need urgent action to reduce the flow of plastic into our seas and we need

large-scale marine reserves –like a huge Antarctic ocean sanctuary which over people are calling for –to protect marine life and our oceans for future generations.”The samples were gathered during a three-month Greenpeace expedition to the Antarctic from January to March 2018. The Guardian joined the trip for two weeks in February.

A decision on the sanctuary proposal, which is being put forward by the EU and supported by environmental campaign groups around the world, will be taken at the forthcoming meeting of the Antarctic Ocean Commission in Tasmania in October.

CE

搜狐旅游板块河南省介绍；

河南是中华民族与华夏文明的发源地。中国四大发明中的指南针、造纸、火药三大技术均发明于河南。河南历史文化悠久，文物古迹众多，文物数量居全国首位。河南境内有25处世界文化遗产，358个全国重点文物保护单位，4个世界地质公园，12个国家级重点风景名胜区，13个国家级自然保护区。

河南是中国重要的经济大省。2017年国内生产总值稳居中国第5位。2017年河南生产总值44,988亿元，比上年增长%，人均生产总值47,130元，增长%。粮食种植面积达10,135千公顷，粮食产量5,万吨，比上年增加万吨。全部工业增加值18,807亿元，增长%，社会消费品零售总额19,666亿元，增长%。全年居民消费价格比上年增长%。

近年来，河南成为“一带一路”的重要中心。河南已经同全球200多个国家和地区建立了贸易联系，127家世界500强企业在河南落户。河南将以更具吸引力的政策、更加友好的营商环境，广迎四海宾客，实现更高层次的互利和共赢。

CATTI 英语三级笔译实务科目试题

EC

It was just one word in one email, but it triggered huge financial losses for a multinational company.

The message, written in English, was sent by a native speaker to a colleague for whom English was a second language. Unsure of the word, the recipient found two contradictory meanings in his dictionary. He acted on the wrong one.

Months later, senior management investigated why the project had flopped, costing hundreds of thousands of dollars. “It all traced back to this one word,” says Chia Suan Chong, a UK-based communications skills and intercultural trainer, who didn't reveal the tricky word because it is highly industry-specific and possibly identifiable. “Things spiralled out of control because both parties were thinking the opposite.”

When such misunderstandings happen, it’s usually the native speakers who are to blame. Ironically, they are worse at delivering their message than people who speak English as a second or third language, according to Chong.

A lot of native speakers are happy that English has become the world’s global language. They feel they don’t have to spend time learning another language,” says Chong.

The non-native speakers, it turns out, speak more purposefully and carefully, typical of someone speaking a second or third language. Anglophones, on the other hand, often talk too fast for others to follow, and use jokes, slang and references specific to their own culture, says Chong.

“The native English speaker… is the only one who might not feel the need to accommodate or adapt to the others,” she adds.

With non-native English speakers in the majority worldwide, it’s Anglophones who may need to up their game.

“Native speakers are at a disadvantage when you are in a lingua franca situation,” where English is being used as a common denominator, says Jennifer Jenkins, professor of global Englishes at the UK’s University of Southampton. “It’s the native English speakers that are having difficulty understanding and making themselves understood.”

Non-native speakers generally use more limited vocabulary and simpler expressions, without flowery language or slang. And then there’s cultural style, Blattner says. When a Brit reacts to a proposal by saying, “That’s interesting” a fellow Brit might recognise this as understatement for, “That’s rubbish.” But other

nationalities would take the word “interesting” on face value, he says.

“English speakers with no other language often have a lack of awareness of how to speak English internationally.”

In Berlin, Coulter saw German staff of a Fortune 500 company being briefed from their Californian HQ via video link. Despite being competent in English, the Germans gleaned only the gist of what their American project leader said. So among themselves they came up with an agreed version, which might or might not have been what was intended by the California staff.

“Too many non-Anglophones, especially the Asians and the French, are too concerned about not ‘losing face’ — and nod approvingly while not getting the message at all,” he says.

That’s why Nerriere devised Globish — a distilled form of English, stripped down to 1,500 words and simple but standard grammar. “It’s not a language, it’s a tool,” he says. Since launching Globish in 2004 he’s sold more than 200,000 Globish text books in 18 languages.

“If you can communicate efficiently with limited, simple language you s ave time, avoid misinterpretation and you don’t have errors in communication,” Nerriere says.

When trying to communicate in English with a group of people with varying levels of fluency, it’s important to be receptive and adaptable, tuning your ears into a whole range of different ways of using English, Jenkins says.

“People who’ve learned other languages are good at doing that, but native speakers of English generally are monolingual and not very good at tuning in to language variation,” she says.

In meetings, Anglophones tend to speed along at what they consider a normal pace, and also rush to fill gaps in conversation, according to Steggles.

He recommends making the same point in a couple of different ways and asking for some acknowledgement, reaction or action.

CE

气候变化已不是单纯的环境保护问题，而成为人类生存与发展问题。中国需要改变以煤为主的能源结构和高污染、高能耗的产业结构，以治理环境和应对全球气候变化。同时，积极应对气候变化也是中国参与全球治理的责任，也是实现可持续发展的迫切需要。中国作为世界最大的发展中国家，需要积极推动经济与能源的转型，以推动全球可持续发展。

长期以来，中国高度重视气候变化问题，把积极应对气候变化作为国家经济社会发展的重大战略，把绿色低碳发展作为生态文明建设的重要内容，采取了一系列行动，为应对全球气候变化做出了重要贡献。

到2020年单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放比2005年下降40%-45%，非化石能源占一次能源消费总量的比重达到15% ，森林面积比2005年增加4000万公顷，森林蓄积量2005年增加13亿立方米。

中国还将在农业、林业、水资源等重点领域和城市、沿海、生态脆弱地区形成有效抵御气候变化风险的机制，提高抵抗能力。