副词性状语从句与连词
副词性状语从句和连词
状语从句由从属连词引导，用来修饰动词、形容词或副词等。根据其意义，状语从句通常分成以下几种：
1. 引导时间状语从句的从属连词有when, while, as, after, before, as soon as, the moment/minute/instant, since, hardly/scarcely/barely…when, no sooner…than…, till, until, once, whenever, directly(非正式用法) 等等。
when (当…时)―― In our city, school buses are used only when（当…时） children live more than a mile from the school. 在我们这个城市，只有儿童住得离学校超过一英里远，才使用校车。
before（在…前，才，趁）――The flour, eggs, and sugar should be well mixed before it is poured into the baking pan. 面粉、鸡蛋和糖在倒入烤盘之前应该充分搅拌。
while （在…期间）――While the book is welcomed by scholars, it will make an immediate appeal to the general readers. 这本书将受到学者的欢迎，同时也会引起一般读者的兴趣。注意： when和while都可以用作主句动作发生的背景，但是while不能用于非持续性的动作。As （随着）――As it orbits the Sun, Mars rotates on its axis, an imaginary line through its center. 火星在绕太阳运行的同时绕着其自身的轴旋转，这个轴是一条假想的穿过其中心的线。
each/every time （每次，每每）――If individuals are awakened each time they begin a dream phase of sleep, they are likely to become irritable even though their total amount of sleep has been sufficient. 如果人们每当进入睡梦阶段就被唤醒，那么即使睡眠总量已经足够，他们也会烦躁易怒。
Whenever （无论何时）――Whenever you are in trouble, don't hesitate to come to me for help.无论何时你遇到麻烦，不要犹豫，来找我帮忙。
since （自从）――Although I have lived in this country since I settled down last October, I still have trouble getting used to American food. 虽然从去年十月我就定居在这个国家，我仍然难以习惯美国的食品。
till （直到）――We will have to stay in this bus shelter till it stops raining. 我们得躲在这个候车亭里，一直到雨停。
until （直到，直到…才）――She has worked as an air-hostess until past her sixtieth birthday. 她当空中小姐一直到过了六十岁生日。 -----He didn't come back home until about midnight. 直到午夜他才回到家。
-----Not until the end of the term did he finish his paper. 直到学期末他才完成论文。注意：till和until 在含有持续性动词的肯定句中可以通用，在否定句中仅用until。该结构放句
首时，主句的语序需要部分倒装，以表示加强语气。
no sooner…than…, hardly/scarcely/barely…when…（刚…就…）
------No sooner had they set out on their trip than it began to snow heavily. 他们刚踏上旅途，天就开始下起了大雪。
------Scarcely had I bought a car when/ before I sold it. 我刚买了一辆车，又把它卖了。注意：1 如上句所示，no sooner/ hardly/scarcely/barely位于句首时，从句用部分倒装语序，否则用正语序。
as soon as （一…就…） ------As soon as a baby turtle is hatched, it must start the dangerous journey towards the sea. 小海龟一经孵出，就必须开始其通向大海的危险之旅。
once （一旦，一当） ------"When do you wish to visit Mexico?" "Once I am settled,
I'll go there." "你希望什么时候访问墨西哥？" " 我一安顿下来就去。" the instant/minute/moment （一…就…） ------"Did you remember to give Mary the book?" "Yes. The instant I saw her, I remembered." "你记得把书送给玛丽了吗？" "是的，我一看见
她就想起来了。"
directly （一…就…）------The firemen went into action directly they heard the alarm.
消防队员一听到警报就立刻行动。
2.引导地点状语从句的从属连词有where和wherever。
where （所…的地方）------The doctor told me to use the lotion where pain （在…地
方） is felt. 医生告诉我把洗液擦在痛处。
wherever （无论何地）------He goes wherever he pleases.他愿上哪儿就上那儿。
3. 引导原因状语从句的从属连词有as, since, now that, seeing that, considering that, in
that，not that… but that…等。
because (因为) ------A virus cannot eat or reproduce by itself because it consists
only of a relatively short strand of DNA protected by a shell of protein. 由于病毒仅
仅是由一个蛋白质外壳保护的比较短的脱氧核糖核酸丝状体构成，因此它不能自己进食或繁殖。
as （由于） ------As women were not supposed to be novelists, Mary Ann Evans took the
name George Eliot when she published her first novel. 由于据认为妇女不应该写小说，玛
丽·安·埃文斯在出版她的第一本小说使用了乔治·艾略特这个名字。
since （由于，既然） ------Since sharks are heavier than water, they must swim
continuously or they will sink to the bottom. 由于鲨鱼比水重，因此它们必须不停地游
动，否则就会沉到水底。
注意：because、as和since都可以引导原因状语从句，其主要区别在于，because是所提供的通
常为新信息，语意较强，because引导的从句多位于主句之后；as和since所提供的常是已知信
息，语意较弱，从句多位于句首；since比as略为正式；because能够回答why引导的特殊问句，
而as和since不能。For 为并列连词，用来表示逻辑推理的原因或补充说明的原因。----It must
have snowed last night, for the ground is covered with white snow.昨晚
now that （既然）------Now that they have taken matters into their hands, the pace of
events has quickened. 他们既然已经着手自己来处理问题，事态进展也就加快了。
seeing that/ Considering (鉴于) ------ Seeing that/ Considering that he is old, he is
unfit for the job. 鉴于他年纪大，他不适合干这项工作。
in that （因为）------Britain's press is unusual in that it is divided into two very different types of newspapers: the quality press and the popular press. 英国的报业与众不同，因为它分为两种差别很大的类型：内容严肃的报纸和通俗的报纸。
not that…but that（不是因为…而是因为…）------ He intends to quit the job not that he dislikes it but that he is too old for it.他打算辞职，倒不是因为他讨厌工作，而是因为他年纪太大了，不适合该工作了。
4.引导目的状语从句的从属连词有in order that, so that，in case, lest, for fear that 等。
in order that （旨在，以便） ------The manager listened carefully in order that he might discover exactly what the workers wanted. 经理仔细倾听，以便确切地弄清楚工人们的要求。
so that （为了，以便） ------Write clearly so that your teacher can understand you clearly. 书写清楚些因为，以便你的老师能清楚地理解你的意思。
in case（万一） ------ Take your raincoat with you in case it should rain.带上你的雨衣，万一天下雨。
for fear that/lest也可以引导表示否定目的的状语从句，并通常用虚拟语气（should+行为动词）
for fear that（惟恐）/lest（以免）------ The mother tiptoed into the room for fear that/lest she should wake up her sleeping baby. 妈妈蹑手蹑脚地走进房间，惟恐/以免惊醒熟睡的宝宝。
------ He got up early lest he should miss the train. 他早早起床以免误了火车。
5. 引导结果状语从句的从属连词有 so that, so…that…, such…that…。
so that（结果） ------I took no notice of him, so that he flew into a rage. 我没理他，结果他大发雷霆。
so…that （如此的…以至于…）------ The black leopard is so dark that its spots are （如此之…以致于） difficult to see. 黑豹的肤色极暗，以致很难看出它身上的斑点。
such…that（如此的…以至于…） The computer was of such inferior quality that I took it back and asked for a better one. 这台电脑的质量很低劣，于是我把它送回去，并要求换一台好一些的。
注意：引导的结果状语从句的so/such…that中的that可以省略。 ------ He is so conservative/such a conservative person he is objective to any change. 他极保守，以致于反对任何变革。
6.引导条件状语从句的从属连词有if,unless, so/as long as, only if, on(the)condition
that
if (假如)------ If a volcano erupts, some of the Earth's interior heat(如果) will
escape to the surface. 如果火山爆发，地球内部的一些热量就会跑到地球表面上来。
only if （只要）------ The senior librarian promised to get the book for me if only
she could remember who last borrowed it. 那位年长的图书管理员作出允诺，只要她能想起是
谁最后借这本书，她就会给我弄到它。
as/so long as (只要)An electromagnet will remain magnetized only as（只要） long as electricity flows through it. 只要电流流经电磁石，电磁石就会保持被磁化的状态。
provided (that)(假如)------ We should be able to do the job quickly, provided that you give us all the necessary information. 只要你们向我们提供一切必要的资料，我们就能很快
做这项工作。
unless I will not call you, unless something unforeseen（除非） happens. 我不打电话给
你，除非发生意外。
7.引导让步状语从句的从属连词有although，though，as,while,whereas，even if/though, no matter who/what…, whoever, whatever…等。
Though (虽然)------ Though they spend most of their adult lives in salt water, Salmon return to their freshwater birthplaces to spawn and die. 大马哈鱼虽然要返回其淡水出生
地产卵和死去，但是它们在成年的大部分时间里仍生活在咸水中。
此句子中还可以用其它连词连接： ------Although/ While / Whereas they spend…, salmon return…. -
----- Most of their…salt water as/ though/ however they spend in salt water, salmon return…. ------ Poor as/ though/ however he is, the young man leads a happy and（尽管）
contented life. 尽管那个年轻人很穷，他却过着快乐而满足的生活。
注意：as引导的让步状语从句的倒装，主谓语的语序不倒置，如： Much as he likes her, he
does get irritated with her sometimes. 虽然他很喜欢她，但有时他确实也生她的气。
注意：although和though都作"虽然"、"即使"解，通常可以换用，只是although的语气较重，
它所引导的从句通常位于主句之前。而though可以放句首和句中第二位，表示"虽然"，放在句末
表示"然而"。
even if （即使）------I should not have recognized the man even if you had told me his name. 即使你告诉了我这男子的姓名，我也认不出他来。
even though（尽管）------- Even though Gorillas are quiet animals, they are to make
about twenty different sounds.
大猩猩尽管能发出大约二十种不同的声音，但仍然是安静的动物。
注意：even though表示的是已经发生的动作或存在的情况，even if所表示的是尚未发生的动作或存在的情况。
while （虽然，尽管）------ While your opinions are worth considering, the committee finds it unwise to place too much importance on them. 尽管你的意见值得考虑，委员会发现对其过分重视是不明智的。
Whatever/no matter what（无论什么） ------ There are over 100 night schools in the city, making it possible for a professional to be reeducated no matter what he does. 该城市有一百多所夜校，这使得各种职业的专业人员都有可能接受再教育。
however/no matter how（无论怎样） She can hardly avoid making mistakes in her homework however hard she tries. 不管怎样努力，她都几乎无法避免在作业里出错。
wherever/no matter where（无论哪里） Humble as it may be, there's no place like home, wherever he may go. 没有像家那样的地方，虽然家可能很简陋。
whether…or not（不论…还是） Abstraction goes into any work of art, whether the
artist is aware of it or not. 任何艺术作品里都包含抽象，不论艺术家是否意识到这一点。
8. 引导方式状语从句的从属连词有as, as if/though
as（如同） ------ Study as Lenin studied.像列宁那样学习。
------ In her writing, Elinor Wylie often dealt with her own personality as it was, rather than as others defined it. 埃莉诺·怀利经常在她的文章里如实谈论自己真实的、而并非他人所描写的人格。
as if/though(仿佛，好像…(似的)) ------The pie tastes as if it has banana in it.这馅饼尝起来好像放了香蕉。（可能的情景需用陈述语气）
------ He looks as if he had just come from athe hell.他看上起好像刚从地狱出来。（不可能的情景需用虚拟语气）
9. 引导比较状语从句从属连词有as…as， not so/as…as, more/-er than, less/few than…。as…as（与…一样的…） ------ Do you enjoy listening to records? I find records are often as good as or better than an actual performance. 你喜欢听唱片吗？我发现唱片常常跟实际演出一样好，或者更好。
not as/so…as （不如…那样）------ He speaks English, but not as well as his sister does. 他说英语，但是没有他的妹妹说得好。
More/-er than ------ The study of mathematics is even more complicated than we imagined ten years ago. 今天，数学研究比十年前我们所想象的还要复杂。
The + 比较级…，the+ 比较级…（越…就越）------ I tried to relax myself because I knew
the more excited I got, the sooner I would use up my oxygen. 我尽量使自己放松，因为我
知道，我越激动，氧气就被消耗得更快。
11.引导限制性状语从句的从属连词有as/so far as，in so far as
as/so far as (就…；) ------- As far as we know, dolphins have no sense of smell. 据我
们所知，海豚没有嗅觉。。
Exercise:
1.___ you hand in your homework, you’ll be criticized.
A. In case
B. Unless
C. If
D. Until
2.____ books you read, you should pay attention to the comprehension of it.
A. What
B. Whatever
C. Which
D. Whichever
3.____ much I may like this flat, I won’t buy it because I can’t afford it.
A. How
B. However
C.So
D. Too
4.____ he doesn’t like the party, he can’t very well express his mind.
A. Since
B. Although
C. Now that
D. In that
5. ____ he is, he has a good taste for classic music.
A. Doctor as
B. As doctor
C. A doctor though
D. As a doctor
6. Go to the reception desk and give this card to ____ is seated there.
A. who
B.whom
C. whomever
D. him who
7. She dared not tell her mother the bad news ____ that the latter would burst into
tears. A. for fear B. in fear C. on account D. in case
8. He is the person ____ I suppose will lose people’s trust.
A. who
B. which
C.whom
D. as
8. This is the only dictionary ____ can be found in the office.
A. that
B. which
C. as
D. whose
9. He often recalls the persons and things ____ he stayed together and experienced in
his high school.
A. that
B.which
C. as
D. whom
10. The representatives of the trade union wanted to have a talk with the committee
____ were making a plan to dismiss over 1000 employers.
A.who
B. that
C. which
D. as
11. Mary is a diligent student, ____ her brother, Jim, rarely is.
A. that
B. which
C. as
D. who
12. I could see this model of car ____ I went in Europe.
A. whenever
B. wherever
C. until
D. unless.
13. Stay ____ you are. I’d like to take a photo of you.
A. where
B. wherever
C. as
D. no matter where
14. Granny Wang made a fence around her land ____ her neighbour’s sheep should enter
her land. A. in the case of B. for fear of C. lest D. least
15.____ is mentioned above, much research has been done to clone organs with stem
cells. A. Which B. That C. As D. What
16. No current can flow when, ____is sometimes the case, the fuse is burnt.
A. as
B. that which D. as if
17.____ she pays a visit to Shanghai, she will go downtown for sightseeing.
A. Once
B. Every time
C. Sometimes
D. At times
18. I was about to leave ____ my uncle dropped in.
A. when
B. before
C.until
D. till
19. The ship sailed northwards for a month ____ the sailors saw a glacier.
A. when
B. After
C. before
D. until
20. Towards evening the climbers began to get down the high mountain. It wasn’t long
____ it was completely dark.
A. when
B. after
C. before
D.till
21. Suddenly he found himself faced with the situation ____ he had to remain silent in
order not to annoy others.
A. when
B. where
C. at which
D. for which
22. Please show me ____ books you have in your bag.
A. what
B. which
C. many
D. few
23. I’m willing to paint a picture _____ I like.
A. however
B. whatever
C. someway
D. anyway
24. There is no rule ____ has exceptions.
A. that
B. what
C. which
D. but
25. ____ I hate him, I never attack him.
A. While
B. As
C. Since
D. Only if
26. The palace is such ____ I have never seen elsewhere before.
A. that
B. as
C. which
D. so
27. They intend to buy a new car ____ its price goes up.
A. when
B. after
C. before
D. till
28. This is his last book ____ describes the ancient Greeks’life.
A. which
B. that
C. what
D.as
29. He raised a question at the meeting ____ to plant some more trees in the garden.
A. whether
B. if
C. what
D. which
30. The young boy found the only cellar in the house ____ he used as his lab.
A. where
B. which
C. that
D. as
Key: 1-5 BBBBA 6-10 AAAAA 11-15 BBACC 16-20 ABACC 21-25 BACDA 26-30 BCBAC
高中英语语法——并列句和状语从句
第12讲并列句和状语从句两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子叫做并列句，其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。并列连词有:and, but, or, so等。状语从句是在句子中起副词作用的句子。根据状语从句在句中不同的作用可分为：时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、让步和比较状语从句。并列连词和从属连词是高考的重要考点之一，在语法填空中通常以无提示词的方式进行考查，在短文改错中主要考查并列连词和从属连词的误用。并列句和状语从句的考点如下： 核心考点01考查并列连词 并列连词是用来连接两个或多个并列的词、短语或句子的词,主要表示并列、选择、转折、因果等关系。并列连词在句子中位置比较固定,必须位于所连接的并列单位之间;两个并列连词不能并用。 1.表示并列关系的连词 表示并列关系的连词有and,both...and...,not only...but also...,neither...nor...等。 2.表示选择关系的连词 表示选择关系的连词有or,either...or...等。 3.表示转折关系的连词 表示转折关系的连词有but,yet,while等。 4.表示因果关系的连词 表示因果关系的连词有for，so。 We listened eagerly, for he brought news of our families. 5.when作并列连词的用法
when除了作从属连词,引导时间状语从句外,还可作并列连词,其意义为“这时,那时”,相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式: ①sb.was doing sth.when... ②sb.was about to/going to do sth.when... ③sb.was on the point of doing sth.when... ④sb.had just done sth.when...。如: We were having a meeting when someone broke in. 我们正在开会,这时有人闯了进来。 6.while作并列连词的用法 while除了作从属连词,引导时间状语从句外,也可作并列连词,意为“而,却”,表示对比。如: He likes pop music, while I am fond of folk music. 他喜欢流行音乐,而我喜欢民间音乐。 I like playing the piano while my sister likes playing the violin. 我喜欢弹钢琴，而我妹妹喜欢拉小提琴。 典例分析1 (2017北京卷)—Peter, please send us postcards_________ we’ll know where you have visited. —No problem. 【解析】句意:——彼得, 请给我们邮寄明信片, 这样我们就能知道你参观过哪些地方。——没问题。根据句意可知，第一句中前后两个分句为因果关系, 所以填so。 【答案】so 典例分析2 He is a shy man, _________he is not afraid of anything or anyone. 【解析】句意:他是一个腼腆的人,但是他不惧怕任何人和任何事。根据前后句意可知,这里需要一个表示转折关系的连词。 【答案】but 典例分析3 You have to move out of the way_________ the truck cannot get past you. 【解析】句意:你得让让路,不然卡车过不去。根据句子结构和句意可知,空格处应该用or,表示一个否定的条件,意为“不然的话”。 【答案】or
连词与状语从句知识梳理
连词与状语从句知识梳理 连词与状语从句知识梳理 知识梳理 知识点1： 一、连词含义 连词是一种虚词，不能担任一个句子成分。它主要是包括并列连词和从属连词。 二、具体用法 1. 并列连词 1）. 并列连词的功能： 连词在句中主要起连接词与词、短语与短语及句子和句子的作用。即，连接两个平行的 成分或句子。 如：and, but, or, nor, so, therefore, yet, however, for, as well as, both… and, not only…but also, either…or, neither…nor, (and)then等等。 2）. 并列连词的用法：表示连接两个共同概念 and 和or 1) 并列结构中，or 通常用于否定句，and 用于肯定句。 2) 但有时and 也可用于否定句。请注意其不同特点： There is no air or water in the moon. There is no air and no water on the moon. 在否定中并列结构用or 连接，但含有两个否定词的句子实际被看作是肯定结构，因此要用 and 。 both …and 两者都(两者都强调，谓语动词为复数) not only…but (also),不但…而且(强调后者，就近原则)
注意： not only… but also关联两个分句时，一个分句因有否定词not 而必须倒装。 Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some. neither …nor 意思为" 既不……也不……" (就近原则) Neither you nor he is to blame. as well as也 (强调前者，就远原则) The students as well as their class teacher like watching football matches very much. I have one of his plays as well as a few of his novels. 表示选择的并列结构 1) or意思为" 否则" 。 I must work hard, or I'll fail in the exam. 2) either…or 意思为" 或者……或者……" 。注意谓语动词采用就近原则。 Either you or I am right. 表示转折或对比 1) but表示转折，while 表示对比。 some people love cats, while others hate them. 2) not…but … 意思为" 不是……而是……" not 和but 后面的用词要遵循一致原则。 They were not the bones of an animal, but (the bones) of a human being. 表示因果关系 1) for for 是并列连词，不能置于含两个并列分句的句子的句首，只能将其放在两个分句中间。 2) so, therefore
状语从句类型及相似连词的用法区别
一、状语从句分类及常用连词： 类别连词 状语从句when, whenever, while, as, before, after, since, till, once, as soon as,etc. 状语从句where,wherever 状语从句because, since, as, for, now that, etc. 状语从句so…that, so that, such…that, that, etc. 状语从句in order that, so that, that, etc. 状语从句if, unless, as(so)long as, etc. 状语从句though, although, even if, even though, however, whatever, as,etc. 状语从句as…as, so…as, than, etc. 状语从句as, as if, as though, etc. 二、相似连词的用法区别 1.when, while, as, while表时间，从句需用延续性动词，切不可用瞬间动词。 when表时间，从句既可以用延续性动词，又可以用瞬间动词。 as表时间，与when相似，但侧重强调主从句动作同点或同段进行。 when, while后可以接分词短语。 2.because, as, since, for 语气位置意义 because最强前或后“原因”；表客观因果关系；回答“”as较强前“由于”；把众人所知的事实当作理由since较弱前“既然”；就对方陈述的事实作为理由for最弱后“理由”；对某一事实进行推断的理由 注：上面所说的“前”，指从句在主句之前；“后”，指从句在主句之后。 3.so that, so…that, such…that so that“以便”、“结果”表目的和结果。注意：在从句中有情态动词表目的。无情态动词表结果。 so…that “如此的…以致于”表结果。该结构常见于： 1.so+形／副＋that 2.so+形＋a(an)＋单数名词＋that 3.so＋manymuch＋复数名词（不可数名词）+that such…that“如此的…以致于”表结果。该结构常见于： 1.such＋a(an)＋形＋名词＋that 2.such＋形＋复数名词／不可数名词＋that
副词性从句
因为从句起着名词、形容词和副词的作用，所以一些语法学家把从句分为名词从句（noun clause）、形容词从句（adjective clause）和副词从句（adverb clause）；但从句同时也起着句子成分的作用，因而也有一些语法学家把从句分为主语从句（subject clause）、宾语从句（object clause）和状语从句（adverbial clause）。由此可以看出，副词从句和状语从句是同一概念两种表达术语。副词从句是在句中起副词作用的主谓结构，它可以修饰主句中的动词（a）、形容词和副词（b）或整个主句（c）： a. He asked me to stay where I was. Don't come before we are ready for you. I'll go wherever the party sends me. b. She has made greater progress than we expected. Winter came earlier than it ever did before. He speaks so clearly that we understand every word he says. c. No matter what the others may say, I stick to my opinion. Seeing that the weather has improved, we shall be able to enjoy our game. 副词从句可以用来表示地点、时间、原因、比较、让步、目的和结果等意义。 21.1 表示时间、地点的副词从句（Clauses of time and place） 21.1.1 由when, while, as; until, not until; before, after; whenever等引导的副词从句 a. when, while, as意为"当…时候"。when和as可以表示"点时间"，也可以表示"一段时间"；while只能表 示"一段时间"。 --When he arrives he'll tell us all about the match. --When she was a child, she lived in Shanghai. --While he shaved he thought about the coming interview. --As they were talking, the rain began. . --As I left the house I remembered the key. . --As she came to know him better she relied on him more. . --As it grew darker it became colder. . 注意： 1．as多用来连接两个逐渐发展或演变的动作或状态。例如：We advance in experience as we advance in years. 2．当as意为"当…时候"时，主要与表示动作或发展过程的动词连用，一般情况下它不与下列动词连 用：表示感觉的动词如feel, taste, smell等；表示感情和情绪的动词如admire (respect), appreciate (= value), desire, fear, hate等；表示精神活动的动词如：agree, believe, mean, know, recall, remember, suppose, understand等；表示拥有的动词如belong, own, possess等。 b. till, until 当till和until引导的从句在主句后，且主句的谓语动词含有come, finish, go, reach, return, start等一 时性动作动词时，主句的谓语用否定形式，即not… till (unt il)，其意为"直到…才"。 --I asked Peter not to sign the agreement until he has heard from us. .
语法——并列句和状语从句
第12讲并列句和状语从句两个或两个以上的简单句用连在一起构成的句子叫做并列句，其基本结构是“+并列连词+简单句”。并列连词有:and, but, or, so等。状语从句是在句子中起副词作用的句子。根据状语从句在句中不同的作用可分为：时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、让步和比较状语从句。并列连词和从属连词是高考的重要考点之一，在语法填空中通常以无提示词的方式进行考查，在短文改错中主要考查并列连词和从属连词的误用。并列句和状语从句的考点如下： 核心考点01考查并列连词 并列连词是用来连接两个或多个并列的词、短语或句子的词,主要表示并列、选择、转折、因果等关系。并列连词在句子中位置比较固定,必须位于所连接的并列单位之间;两个并列连词不能并用。 1.表示并列关系的连词 表示并列关系的连词有and, both...and...,not only...but also...,neither...nor...等。 2.表示选择关系的连词 表示选择关系的连词有or, either...or...等。 3.表示转折关系的连词 表示转折关系的连词有but, yet, while等。 4.表示因果关系的连词 表示因果关系的连词有for，so。 We listened eagerly, for he brought news of our families. 作并列连词的用法
when除了作从属连词,引导时间状语从句外,还可作并列连词,其意义为“这时,那时”,相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式: ①sb. was doing sth. when... ②sb. was about to/going to do sth. when... ③sb. was on the point of doing sth. when... ④sb. had just done sth. when...。如: We were having a meeting when someone broke in. 我们正在开会,这时有人闯了进来。 作并列连词的用法 while除了作从属连词,引导时间状语从句外,也可作并列连词,意为“而, 却”,表示对比。如: He likes pop music, while I am fond of folk music. 他喜欢流行音乐, 而我喜欢民间音乐。 I like playing the piano while my sister likes playing the violin. 我喜欢弹钢琴，而我妹妹喜欢拉小提琴。 典例分析1 (2017 北京卷)—Peter, please send us postcards_________ we’ll know where you have visited. —No problem. 【解析】句意:——彼得, 请给我们邮寄明信片, 这样我们就能知道你参观过哪些地方。——没问题。根据句意可知，第一句中前后两个分句为因果关系, 所以填so。 【答案】so 典例分析2 He is a shy man, _________he is not afraid of anything or anyone. 【解析】句意:他是一个腼腆的人,但是他不惧怕任何人和任何事。根据前后句意可知,这里需要一个表示转折关系的连词。 【答案】but 典例分析3 You have to move out of the way_________ the truck cannot get past you.? 【解析】句意:你得让让路,不然卡车过不去。根据句子结构和句意可知,空格处应该用or,表示一个否定的条件,意为“不然的话”。 【答案】or
介词、连词与状语从句
【专题四】介词、连词与状语从句 【考情分析】 介词 1．常见介词的用法及辨析。 2．介词与其他词性所构成的一些短语。 3．在定语从句中，介词的使用情况。 连词 1. 考查并列连词、从属连词的用法 2.重点考查主从复合句和并列句的连接词的选用。 状语从句 1.状语从句的分类 1.可分为时间、原因、地点、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较及方式等类型。 2.状语从句的引导词与介词的用法比较；状语从句与定语从句引导词的辨析。 3.能够辨别同类状语从句中近似连接词的用法差异。 【知识归纳】 介词： 1.“名词＋介词”型 the key/answer/visit/apology/introduction/way…to； wish/desire/prize/respect…for； pity/mercy/congratulation/effect/advice/impression/influence…on 2.“介词＋名词”型 (1) in ＋名词 in advance 在前头，事先，预先in case 如果，万一in charge 主管，掌管，看管 in common 共有，共同，公有in demand 有需要的in doubt 感到疑惑的，难以确定的 (2)①on＋名词 on guard 在值勤on leave 在休假on holiday在度假on strike罢工on sale出售on loan 借贷 ②on＋the＋名词on the move 在移动，搬迁；离开on the march 在行军on the flow 在涨潮 (3) beyond ＋名词 beyond one's power 是某人力所不及的beyond one's reach 够不着 beyond description 难以形容beyond words 无法用语言形容beyond doubt 无疑 (4) under ＋名词 under development 在发展中under observation 在观察中under test 在测试中 under construction 在建设中under examination 在检查(调查)中under consideration 在考虑中 (5) at ＋名词 at length 详细地，长时间at sea 茫然at will 任意地at work 在上班at lunch 在吃午饭 at rest在休息at table 在吃饭at school 上学at church 做礼拜at peace 处于和平状态 (6) out of ＋名词 out of breath 上气不接下气out of balance 失去平衡out of date 过时out of patience 不耐烦 3．“动词＋介词”搭配 ①rob sb. of sth. ; supply us with food ;make a desk of wood ; make bread from flour ②介词＋the ＋部位与动词的关系(＝动词＋sb.’s ＋部位，可换用) strike him on the head(“击，拍，碰，摸”意义与on连用) catch him by the arm(“抓，拉，拿，扯”意义与by连用) 注意：同一介词与不同动词搭配，意义各异的情况。 reply to the letter回信，sing(dance)to the music和音乐唱(跳)，amount to 达到，加起来有……，devote to把……贡献给，drink to为……干杯，object to反对，look forward to 渴望，come to苏醒，belong to属于，search for搜……，ask...for...寻找，use...for用作，leave for前往，take...for 误以为， 4．“形容词＋介词”型 at前的adj.：angry, good, bad, surprised, excited, puzzled等。 of前的adj.：afraid, sure, certain, full, tired, fond, proud, worthy等。worthy of值得的；proud of(take pride in)自豪；sure of / about确信；fond of喜欢；full of充满 with前的adj.: angry, strict, busy, careful, popular, patient等。satisfied with (by)满意；busy with sth.(in doing sth.)忙着干某事；wrong with不对 in前的adj.：strict, weak, interested, successful, rich等。 to前的adj.：polite, kind, cruel, rude, close, available等。similar to相似for前的adj.：sorry, famous, fit, unfit, eager, anxious，(be) hungry/thirsty 等。grateful for sth. to sb.为某事感激某人；fit for适合；ready for准备from前的adj.：far, different, free, safe等。free from没有……(免除……)；far from离……远 about前的adj.：worried, anxious, careful，curious等。glad about sth. for sb.为某人某事高兴 5．复杂介词型 (1) 表示原因(通常在句中作状语), 意为“由于，因为”。 because of：表示实际原因(表达一种较强的因果关系)；on account of：常用来引述逻辑、理性和事实因素。 (2) 表示“除……之外”。 with the exception of＝except, except for“除……之外”； apart from (＝美式英语中的aside from)是个复合介词，既可表示“除……之外”，相当于except (for), 又可以表示“除……之外，(还，也)”，相当于besides；in addition to“除……之外(还，也)”，相当于besides。(3) 表示“有关，关于”。 concerning=regarding“关于，就……而论，在……方面”；with respect to“关于，就……而言”； as for和as to用于句首时表示“至于”。 (4) 表示“在……之前”。 ahead of=in advance of，可表示“(在空间或时间上比某人或某事物)更前，更早”，还可表示“领先，优于”； in front of 多指空间的前后关系，“在……前方”。 (5) 表示“支持，赞成”。 in support of 维护，支持，支援；in favor of 可指某人“支持，赞成”，也可指事物“有利于……”。 (6) 表示“鉴于，由于；根据，按照”。 in the light of 按照，考虑到in terms of 就……而言，谈到according to 根据；按照 in view of 鉴于，因为 (7) 表示“尽管”。 in spite of 尽管，不管 连词 连词分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。并列连词是连接主语与主语，谓语与谓语，句子与句子，分词与分词的词，它要求前后两部分有相同的形式和语法作用；而从属连词一般连接主句与从句，从句形式有名词性从句，定语从句和状语从句等。 1．并列连词 并列连词可用来连接词与词，词组与词组，分句与分句。常用的并列连词有：and(和)，as well as(既……又)，both... and(不但……而且)，not only... but also(不但……而且)，not ...but(不是……而是)，neither...nor(既不……也不)，either... or(不是……就是)，or(或者)，but (但是)，yet(然而)，for(因为)，so(所以)，while(而)，when(这时)等。如：Both my brother and my sister are teachers./ His room is bright but mine is gloomy(暗沉沉的)．/ He can not only repair radios but also fix them./ It is a glorious(光荣的)yet difficult task./ Strike while iron is hot. 2．从属连词 从属连词是指在复合句中引导从句的连结词。常见的从属连词有：(1)引导时间状语从句的：after, before, when, as, while, since, until, till, as soon as (2)引导原因状语从句的：because, since, as (3)引导让步状语从句的：although, though, no matter(无论), even if (though) (4)引导条件状语从句的：if, unless, once, so (as) long as (5)引导结果状语从句的：so... that..., such...that... (6)引导目的状语从句的：so that..., in order that... (7)引导比较状语从句的：as...as..., not so (as)．.. as...，... than... (8)引导方式状语从句的：as if... (9)引导主语，宾语或表语从句的连词主要有：that, whether, if三个。其中that 和whether间或还可以引起同位从句和状语从句。 3.几组容易混淆的并列连词： (1)and, or和but I must work hard, or I'll fail in the contest. Make up your mind, and you'll get the chance. —Would you like to come to dinner tonight? —I'd like to, but I'm too busy. (2)not only...but (also), as well as不但……而且 She plays not only the piano, but (also) the guitar. Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some. (3)neither...nor “既不……也不……”；both...and...“两者都”；either...or...“不是……就是……” Neither you nor he is to blame. Either you or I am right. (4)not...but... 不是……而是…… They were not the bones of an animal, but the bones of a human being. (5)for 因为 He is absent today, for he is ill. 注意：for是并列连词，不能置于含两个并列分句的句子的句首，只能将其放在两个分句中间。 (6)so, therefore因此 He hurt his leg, so he couldn't play in the game. 状语从句： （一）时间状语从句 时间状语从句 1．when, while, as的区别 这三个词都可以用作连接词，表示时间关系，但有所区别。 (1)when表示时间关系时，意思常常是“当(在)……的时候”。主句和从句中的动作或事情可以同时发生，也可以先后发生。例如： When we were at school, we went to the library every day. 我们在求学的时候，每天都到图书馆去。 (2)while 用作连接词表示时间关系时，意思也是“当(在)……的时候”，主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生。它有时可与when通用，但它只能指一段时间(a period of time)，而不能指一点时间的(a point of time)。如上面第一个例句中的when，可以用while代替；而第二个例句中的when，就不能用while代替。例如： Please don’t talk so aloud while others are working. 别人在工作的时候，请勿大声讲话。 (3)as用作连接词表示时间关系时，意思也是“当(在)……时候”，往往可与when或while通用，但它着重指主句和从句中的动作或事情相并发生。例如： I saw him as he was getting off the bus.当他下公共汽车的时候，我看见了他。 2．一些表示时间的名词短语也可用来引导时间状语从句 the minute, the moment, the instant, every time, the last time, every time。如：
状语从句是副词性从句
状语从句是副词性从句，它在句子中担任状语，修饰主句的动词、形容词或副词。根据修饰的方面，状语从句可以分为以下九种：时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、方式状语从句、让步状语从句和比较状语从句。 一、时间状语从句 1.when指的是“某一具体的时间”。whenever指的是“在任何一个不具体的时间”。When I came into the room, he was writing a letter. 当我进屋时，他正在写信。 We shall go there whenever we are free. 我们什么时间有空，我们就去那里。 2.when意为“这时”或“在那个时候”，可以看作是并列句,这种用法的when分句一般位于句末。 I was walking along the street when suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder from behind. 我正在街上走着，这时忽然有人从后面拍我的肩膀。 3.while指“在某一段时间里”，“在……期间”，while引导的动作必须是持续性的。 While it was raining, they went out. 天下雨的时候，他们出去了。 I stayed while he was away. 他不在的时候我在。 4.as引导持续性动作，强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。 He hurried home, looking behind as he went. 他赶快回家，不时地一边走一边向后看。 5.before译为在……之前 Be a pupil before you become a teacher. 先做学生，再做先生。
语法 并列句和状语从句
第12讲并列句和状语从句 两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子叫做并列句，其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。并列连词有:and, but, or, so等。状语从句是在句子中起副词作用的句子。根据状语从句在句中不同的作用可分为：时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、让步和比较状语从句。并列连词和从属连词是高考的重要考点之一，在语法填空中通常以无提示词的方式进行考查，在短文改错中主要考查并列连词和从属连词的误用。并列句和状语从句的考点如下： 核心考点01 考查并列连词 并列连词是用来连接两个或多个并列的词、短语或句子的词,主要表示并列、选择、转折、因果等关系。并列连词在句子中位置比较固定,必须位于所连接的并列单位之间;两个并列连词不能并用。 1.表示并列关系的连词 表示并列关系的连词有and, both...and...,not only...but also...,neither...nor...等。 2.表示选择关系的连词 表示选择关系的连词有or, either...or...等。 3.表示转折关系的连词 表示转折关系的连词有but, yet, while等。 4.表示因果关系的连词
表示因果关系的连词有for，so。 We listened eagerly, for he brought news of our families. 5.when作并列连词的用法 when除了作从属连词,引导时间状语从句外,还可作并列连词,其意义为“这时,那时”,相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式: ①sb. was doing sth. when... ②sb. was about to/going to do sth. when... ③sb. was on the point of doing sth. when... ④sb. had just done sth. when...。如: We were having a meeting when someone broke in. 我们正在开会,这时有人闯了进来。 6.while作并列连词的用法 while除了作从属连词,引导时间状语从句外,也可作并列连词,意为“而, 却”,表示对比。如: He likes pop music, while I am fond of folk music. 他喜欢流行音乐, 而我喜欢民间音乐。 I like playing the piano while my sister likes playing the violin.
2015年高考英语真题分类汇编：专题09 连词和状语从句 Word版含解析
专题九连词和状语从句 1.【2015·湖南】24.Video games can be a poor influence if ________ in the wrong hands. A. to leave B. leaving C. leave D. left 【答案】D 【考点定位】考查状语从句中的省略问题。 【名师点睛】一般说来省略现象多出现在下列五种状语从句中:由 when ,while ,as ,before, after , till, until, once等引导的时间状语从句；由whether ,if , unless 等引导的条件状语从句；由 though , although ,even if ,whatever等引导的让步状语从句；由 as ,than 等引导的比较状语从句；由as, as if , as though 等引导的方式状语从句。上述状语从句在省略时，并非任何成分都可以省略而是遵循下面原则：（1）当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时且从句中含有be动词的某种形式时，可以省略状语从句的主语和系动词be 。（2）当从句的主语与主句的主语不一致，但从句主语是 it，从句中又含有系动词be 的某种形式时，可以把it和系动词be一起省略。此题的形式属于：连词(when ,if ,even if ,unless ,once ,until, than , as ) + 过去分词。完整的句子就是：Video games can be a poor influence if they are left in the wrong hands. 2.【2015·北京】25.He is a shy man,___he is not afraid of anything or anyone. A.so B. but C.or D. as 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：句意：他是一个害羞的人，但是他并不害怕任何事和任何人。A. so因此；B. but 但是；C. or或者；D. as作为。根据句意，前后句表示转折，因此选择but。 【考点定位】考查连词辨析 【名师点睛】本题考查连词中在句子中的应用，做题时要分析前后句中所用的连词表示的是什么关系，看语境中前后句子的关系是转折还是并列，所以做好此类题先了解连词的意思，
【英语】名词性从句经典
【英语】名词性从句经典 一、名词性从句 1．______ will be in charge of the meeting has not been decided yet. A. What B. Which C. That D. Who 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：谁将负责这次会议还没有决定。______ will be in charge of the meeting是一个主语从句，从句中缺少主语，指人，故选D。 【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及who引导的主语从句。 2．It has been pointed out ________ plays a vital role in driving away one's anxiety is one's sweet childhood memories. A. what that B. which C. that D. that what 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：有人指出，驱除焦虑所起着至关重要的作用是童年美好的回忆。本句时一个主语从句，it作形式主语，真正的主语为that what plays a vital role in driving away one's anxiety is one's sweet childhood memories.，主语从句中又有一个主语从句，且此主语从句中缺少主语，所以用what引导。故选D。 【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及what引导的主语从句。 3．___ surprised me most was ____the girl passed the driver test. A. That; that B. What; how C. What; that D. That; why 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：最让我吃惊的是那个女孩通过了驾驶考试。___ surprised me most是一个主语从句，从句中缺少主语，故填what；____the girl passed the driver test 是一个表语从句，句中不缺少成分，故填that。因此选C。 【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及what引导的主语从句和that引导的表语从句。 4． is clear to the members of the committee is that the President will not give in to their demands. A. Who B. It C. As D. What 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：委员会成员清楚的是，总统不会向他们的要求让步。that the President will not give in to their demands.这个句子作表语； is clear to the members of the committee这是主语从句，这里缺少主语从句的连接词，并且连接词在句中作主语，it是代词，不是了；连接词，故排除B；as作主语时，是在定语从句中，故排除C；who指人，根据表语指的事情，不是人，故排除A；what在主语从句中可以作主语或宾语，指事，符合句意，故选D。 【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及what引导的主语从句。
状语从句与连词转练
状语从句与连词转练 1.Roses need special care ______ they can live through winter. (2004·全国) A. because B. so that C. even if D. as 2.______ you call me to say you’re not coming. I’ll see you at the theatre. (2004·全国) A. Though B. Whether C. Until D. Unless 3.Several weeks had gone by ______ I realized the paining was missing. (2004·全国) A. as B. before C. since D. when 4.We were swimming in the lake ______ suddenly the storm started. (2004春·北京) A. when B. while C. until D. before 5.The shop doesn’t open until 11 a.m., ______ it loses a lot of business. (2004春·北京) A. for B. or C. but D. so (2004春·北京) 6.______ I can see, there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger. (2004春·北京) A. As long as B. As far as C. just as D. Even if 7.______ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person. (2004·江苏) A. while B. Since C. Before D. Unless 8.Scientists say it may be five or six years ______ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.(2004·福建) A. since B. after C. before D. when 9.I do every single bit of housework ______ my husband bob just does the dishes now and then. (2004·陕西) A. since B. while C. when D. as 10.—I think George doesn’t really care for TV plays. —Right, ______ he still watches the program. (2004·陕西) A. and B. but C. or D. so 11.You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ______ I disagree. (2004·全国) A. why B. where C. what D. how 12.______ you’ve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it. (1999 全国) A. Now that B. After C. Although D. As though as 13.You should make it a rule to leave things ______ you can find them. (1999 全国) A. when B. where C. then D. there 14.______ your composition carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided. (1999 上海) A. Having checked B. Check C. If you check D. To check 15.______ everybody knows about it, I don’t want to talk any more. (1999 上海) A. For B. Even C. Since D. However 16.One more week, ______ we will accomplish the task. (1999 上海) A. or B. so that C. and D. if 17.The changes in the city will cost quite a lot, ______ they will save us money in the long run. (2000 北京) A. or B. since C. for D. but 18.John may phone again. I don’t want to go out ______ the phones. (2000 北京) A. as long as B. in order that C. in case D. so that 19.I shall stay in the hotel all day ______ there is news of the missing child. (2000 上海春季) A. in case B. no matter C. in any case D. ever since