语法精讲及练习 祈使句的用法

语法精讲及练习 祈使句的用法
语法精讲及练习 祈使句的用法

1

概念引入

用来表示请求、命令、叮嘱、建议等的句子叫祈使句。祈使句的谓语动词用原形,句子没有主语,句末使用感叹号或者句号。

例如:Open the door quickly!快打开门!

2

用法讲解

1. 祈使句的肯定句。

1)以系动词be开头的祈使句。

这种句式的结构是:Be动词+其它成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)例如:Be quiet / quick!

Be a good student! Be careful when crossing the street.

2)以实义动词开头的祈使句。

这种祈使句的常用结构为:行为动词原形+其它成分。

例如:Come in, please!请进!

Stand up, please. = Please stand up. 请起立。

3)let句型。

这种祈使句的常用结构为:Let’s / let us+动词原形;或者是Let + 宾语+其他。

Let’s play football!我们一起踢足球吧!

Let me help you. 让我来帮你。

2. 祈使句的否定句。

1)Don't + 动词原形。

Don't be careless. 别粗心。

Don’t be late again. 不要再迟到。

Don't let them play with fire. 别让他们玩火。

Don’t look at your books. 不要看书。

2)Let引起的祈使句的否定形式。

a. Let's ( Let s

b. ) + not + 动词原形。

Let's not say anything about it. 对于这件事,咱们什么也别说。

Let them not play with fire. 别让他们玩火。

b. Don’t+ let+宾语+动词原形+其他。

Don’t let Jim do that. 别让吉姆做那事。

Don’t let us go, please. 请不要让我们走。

3)在公共场合的提示语中,否定祈使句常用“No+名词/ V-ing形式”结构,表示“禁止做某事”。

例如:NO PHOTOS! 禁止拍照!No parking! 禁止停车!

3.祈使句的反意疑问句。

1)肯定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分用will you 或won't you。

Please open the door, will/ won’t you? 请把门打开,好吗?

Be sure to write to us, will/ won’t you? 你一定要给我们写信,好吗?

2)否定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分只用will you。

Don't be late again, will you? 别再迟到了,行不行?

Don’t smoke in the meeting room, will you? 不要在会议室抽烟,好吗?

3)以let's开头的祈使句反意疑问句反问部分用shall we。

Let's turn on the TV, shall we? 我们把电视打开,好吗?

以let us 开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分应为will you或won't you.

例如:Let us stay here, will/ won't you? 请(你)让我们留在这好吗?

4. 祈使句的回答。

祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作,所以回答祈使句时,一般用will或won’t。

在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时,要注意两点:

1) 形式一致:即Yes与will保持一致;No与won’t保持一致。

2) 意思相反:即Yes是“不”的意思;No是“是”的意思。

在回答时,要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。例如:

-Don’t go out, please. It’s raining heavily outside.

请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。

-Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport.

不行,我得去机场接我弟弟

5. 祈使句使用时应注意的问题。

1)在表达请求或劝告时,有时为了表示委婉的语气,可以在句首或句末please,但是如果please加在句末,应用逗号将其与前面的部分隔开。

例如:Sit down, please. 请坐。

Please look after the twins. 请照顾一下双胞胎。

2)在意思比较明显的情况下,可以把谓语动词省略。

例如:This way, please. 请这边走。

3)有时为了加强语气,可以在动词前使用do.

例如:Do be careful!一定要小心!

4)有时为了强调对方,也可加上主语you,人名或everybody, anybody 等不定代词。

例如:You sweep the floor and I clean the window. 你来扫地我来擦窗户。

Stand up, everybody. 请大家起立。

5)有时为了明确向谁提出请求或发出命令,可加称呼语,但称呼语要与句子用逗号隔开。例如:

Put the shirt on the bed, Jim.

吉姆,把衬衫放床上。

3

巩固练习

Ⅰ. 单项选择。

1. ______ with fire. It’s very dangerous.

A. Playing

B. Play

C. Don’t play

D. Doesn’t play

2.Don’t _____ the radio. The baby is sleeping.

A. turn off

B. turn on

C. turn over

D. turn down

3. _____ hard and you’ll make progress in English.

A. Work

B. To work

C. Working

D. Worked

4. _____ worried about me Mom. I’ve grown up.

A. Don’t

B. Don’t be

C. Not

D. Not be

5. _______ late again, Bill!

A. Don't to be

B. Don't be

C. Not be

D. Be not

6. _______ cross the road until(直到)the traffic lights turn green.

B. Won't

C. Doesn't

D. Don't

7. Please help me carry it, ______?

A. will I

B. will you

C. shall I

D. shall we

8. Don't make so much noise, ______?

A. will you

B. won't you

C. shall we

D. do you

9. Kate, _______ your homework here tomorrow.

A. bring

B. brings

C. to bring

D. bringing

10. ________ me the truth, or I'll be angry.

A. Telling

B. To tell

D. Tell

【真题链接】

1. _______ on the grass, or it will “cry”.

A. To walk

B. Not to walk

C. Walk

D. Don’t walk

2. _______ swim in the river alone, Karen. It’s too dangerous.

A. Not

B. Don’t

C. Doesn’t

3. ________ along this street, and you can find the hotel on your right, next to the market.

A. Walk

B. To walk

C. Walks

D. Walking

4. Daniel,_______ play with the mobile phone while you’re walking in the street.

A. don’t

B. doesn’t

C. won’t

D. can’t

Ⅱ. 将以下祈使句改为否定式。

1. Come here early.

________________________

2. Ask him.

_________________________

3. Please wait for her.

___________________________

4. Read the book carefully.

___________________________

5. Sit under the tree, please.

_____________________________

6. Let’s go there together.

_____________________________

Ⅲ. 句型转换。

1. Will you please read it again more slowly? (改为祈使句)

_____ _____ again more slowly, please.

2. Let's watch the sports games. (改为反意疑问句)

Let's watch the sports games, _____ _____?

3. Please sit next to Nancy.(改为否定句)

_____ _____ next to Nancy.

4. Don't forget to turn off(关掉)the lights, please.(改为反意疑问句)Don't forget to turn off the lights, _____ _____?

5. Come to my house tomorrow.(改为反意疑问句)

Come to my house tomorrow, _____ _____?

Ⅳ. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。

1. It’s an important meeting. _______ (not, be)late.

2. _______ (not, make) any noise! Your mother is sleeping.

3. _______ (not, speak) with your mouth full of food and ______ (be) polite.

4. ________ ( not, talk) and ________ (read) aloud.

5. ________ (not, leave) your homework for tomorrow, Larry.

6. ________ (look) out! A car is coming.

7. ________ (give) us ten years and just see what our country will be like.

8. ________ (not, let) the baby cry.

9. Wear more clothes or you _______ (catch) a cold.

10. Let’s ________ (not, say) anything about it.

参考答案

Ⅰ. 单项选择。

1. C。从句子的后面意思可以判断前面应该用否定句,本句子是祈使句,祈使句的否定句是在句子前面加助动词don’t,在句子开头要大写。

2. B。本句子是考查祈使句的否定句的用法。从后面句子的意思“孩

子在睡觉”可以理解前面的句子是用祈使句的否定句表示“不要打开收音机”的意思。

3. A。本句为祈使句的肯定句。祈使句的肯定句以动词原形开头,故本题选A。

4. B。此句是祈使句的否定句,祈使句的否定句用don’t+动词原形,“be worried about sth./sb.”意为“为……担心”。故本题选B。

5. B。句意:“不要再晚了,Bill。”,因此可知本句是be动词做谓语的祈使句的否定式。以Don’t 开头,后面用be的原形。

6. D。本句是行为动词的祈使句的否定式,在句首加Don’t.

7. B。肯定祈使句的反义疑问句,用will you 或者won’t you。

8. A。否定祈使句的反义疑问句用will you。

9. A。祈使句以动词原形开头。

10. D。祈使句以动词原形开头。

【真题链接】

1. D。祈使句的否定句,直接在动词原形前加don’t。

2. B。本句命令不要在河里独自游泳,有危险。否定祈使句。

3.A.肯定祈使句,动词原形开头。Walk along the street…意为“沿着这条街……”。

4. A。否定祈使句,命令别人不要做某事。动词原形前加don’t。Ⅱ. 将以下祈使句改为否定式。

1. Don’t come here early.

2. Don’t ask him.

3. Don’t wait for her, please.

4. Don’t read the book carefully.

5. Don’t sit under the tree, please.

6. Let’s not go there together.

Ⅲ. 句型转换。

1. Read it

2. shall we

3. Don’t sit

4. will you

5. will / won’t you

Ⅳ. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。

1. Don’t be

2. Don’t make

3. Don’t speak, be

4. Don’t talk, read

5. Don’t leave

6. Look out

7. Give

8. Don’t let

9. will catch

10. not say

《中考英语》初中英语语法知识—祈使句的分类汇编

一、选择题 1.“_______ exercise every day, my child. It’s good for your health,” Father said. A.Taking B.Took C.Take D.Takes 2.Don’t________ in the classroom. It’s important ________ quiet when you study. A.talk, keep B.to talk, keep C.talk, to keep D.to talk, to keep 3.Don’t _______TV too much . It’s bad for your eyes . A.watch B.watched C.watching D.to watch 4.The teacher often says, “ _____ late for school. ” A.Don’t B.Don’t be C.Not D.Doesn’t 5.Peter, ______ more if you want to get high scores in the P.E. test next month. A.practice B.practices C.practicing D.will practice 6.Jerry,______ angry with others. It's bad for your health. A.doesn't be B.don't be C.isn't D.don't 7.Leave the E-dictionary behind,____ you won't be able to read independently. A.so B.or C.and D.but 8.Take more exercise, you will be healthier. A.but B.or C.and 9.—____ —C-O-L-O-R. A.What's this? B.What color is it? C.Spell it, please. 10.________ the steps, and you can find it convenient to buy things with the mobile phone. A.Follow B.To follow C.Following 11.Get up early,______you’ll be late for school. A.so B.and C.or D.but 12.Don’t ________ your glass too _______. A.fill; full B.fill; filled C.full; full D.full; filled 13.________the key card in your hotel room. Leave it at the reception desk. A.No leave B.Not leave C.Don't leave D.No leaving 14.—Could you take me to the cinema? I want to see the movie named Pacific Rim (《环太平洋》). —______ your homework first, and then we’ll talk about it. A.Finish B.Finished C.To finish D.Finishing 15.Summer is coming. Please______ play near the river, It's very dangerous.

祈使句语法复习课程

一. 祈使句的句式特征 祈使句常常是表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。因此,祈使句中一般没有主语,但根据其句意,实际上是省略了主语you。祈使句句末用感叹号或句号,朗读时,常用降调。在表达请求或劝告时,在祈使句前或句末可加上please,以使句子的语气更加缓和或客气。祈使句一般没有时态的变化,也不能与情态动词连用。例如:Keep off the grass!勿踩草地! Put the boxes in the small room.把那些盒子放到那个小房间里。 二. 祈使句的肯定句式 祈使句的肯定句式一般分为以下三种类型: 1. 行为动词原形+其他成分。例如: Make sentences after the model.根据例句造句。 2. Be动词+其他成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)。例如: Be careful when crossing the street.过马路时要小心。 3. Let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分。例如: Let him go back now.让他现在回去吧。 三. 祈使句的否定句式 祈使句的否定句式,通常情况下在句首加上Don’t或Never,一般分为以下四种类型: 1. 在祈使句的肯定句式前加Don’t,构成“Don’t+行为动词原形+其他成分”。例如: Don’t say that again!别再那样说了! 2. 在Be动词引起的肯定祈使句前加Don’t,构成“Don’t be+其他成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)”。例如:Don’t be careless.不要粗心。 注意:在这种句型中be不能省略;否定副词not不可置于be之后。 3. Let引起的祈使句的否定形式有两种:(1)Let开头的祈使句,如果后面跟第一、第三人称名词或代词的宾格,可在Let前加Don’t,也可在Let后宾格的名词或代词后面加not。(2)如果以Let’s开头的祈使句,必须在Let’s 后加not。例如: Don’t let me go with her tomorrow. =Let me not go with her tomorrow. 不要让我明天跟她一起去。 Let’s not tell her the truth whenever we meet her. 无论什么时候我们碰到她,都不要告诉她真相。 4. 在公共场合的提示语中,否定祈使句常用“No+名词/V-ing形式”结构,表示“禁止做某事”。例如: NO PHOTOS! 禁止拍照! 四. 祈使句的反意问句 祈使句的反意疑问句须按其句子结构及讲话人的语气来决定其疑问部分。通常有以下三种形式: 1. 祈使句为肯定句式,其反意疑问句表示请求时,通常用will you;表示邀请、劝说时,用won’t you。例如:Be sure to write to us, will you? 你一定要给我们写信,好吗? Come to have dinner with us this evening, won’t you? 今晚来和我们一起吃饭,好吗? 2. 祈使句为否定句式,其反意疑问句通常只用will you。例如: Don’t smoke in the meeting room, will you? 不要在会议室抽烟,好吗? 3. Let开头的祈使句构成反意疑问句时,除Let’s用shall we外,其他均用will you。例如:

最新初中英语语法知识—祈使句的综合训练

一、选择题 1.—______________. —G-R-E-E-N, green. A.What's this? B.What color is it? C.Spell it, please. 2.late for class again, Ann. A.Don’t be B.Can’t C.Don’t D.Be 3.Walk ______ the white building and ______ the street. You won’t miss it. A.pass; cross B.past; cross C.pass; across D.past; across 4.good care of yourself when you are alone, or your parents will worry about you. A.Taking B.To take C.Taken D.Take 5.—_____________ dressed now! We have to go in ten minutes. —OK, Mom. A.Getting B.Get C.To get D.Gets 6.Don’t________ in the classroom. It’s important ________ quiet when you study. A.talk, keep B.to talk, keep C.talk, to keep D.to talk, to keep 7.Mike, __________ make any noise, your father is sleeping. A.not B.don't C.won't D.can't 8.Peter, ______ more if you want to get high scores in the P.E. test next month. A.practice B.practices C.practicing D.will practice 9.Leave the E-dictionary behind,____ you won't be able to read independently. A.so B.or C.and D.but 10.Let’s ______ sports after school. S ports are good for health. A.have B.having C.to have D.has 11.Hurry up, you will be late for school. A.so B.or C.and D.but 12.________ for the English test or you will miss the listening part. A.Don’t late B.Don’t be late C.Don’t arrive lately 13.Let’s _____TV. That _____boring. Can we go out to play games? A.watching,sounds B.watch,sound C.watching,sound D.watch,sounds 14.—Could you take me to the cinema? I want to see the movie named Pacific Rim (《环太平洋》). —______ your homework first, and then w e’ll talk about it. A.Finish B.Finished C.To finish D.Finishing

初中语法祈使句专项讲解

初中语法祈使句专项讲解 1、祈使句的概念表示请求、命令、建议、祝愿、邀请或要求的句子叫祈使句。用于祈使句句首的动词总是用原形,不能用其他形式。如:Shut the door! 把门关上!Have a cup of coffee! 喝杯咖啡吧!Let them go by train、叫他们坐火车去吧。祈使句的主语通常为第二人称(you),但一般都被省略,只有在特殊的情况下才把主语(you)补充出来。如:You be quiet! 你安静! You go and tell him, Chris、克立斯,你去告诉他。You wait here for a moment、你在这儿等一会儿。有时祈使句的主语也可以是everybody, somebody, anybody, nobody等不定代词。如:Stand up, everybody! 全体起立!Nobody move、任何人都不许动。 2、祈使句表示强调为了加强祈使句的语气,我们通常是在祈使句的动词原形前加上助动词do,此时通常译为“一定”“务必”等。如:Do be careful、务必要小心。Do let me go、一定让我去。副词never和always有时可用于祈使句句首,表示强调。如:Never do that again、再不要这样做了。Always look in the mirror before starting to drive、一定要先看看反光镜再开车。 3、祈使句的否定式构成祈使句否定式的方法很简单,那就是在动词原形前加don’t不管祈使句所用的动词为什么性质动

词,情况都是一样。如:Open the window、把窗户打开。 →Don’t open the window、别把窗户打开。Come next Monday、下周星期一来。对于以let us或let’s开头的祈使句,其否定式通常是在不定式之前放一个not。如:Let’s tell him the truth、我们把实情告诉他吧。→Let’s not tell him the truth、我们不要把实情告诉他。但在日常口语中,我们也可以把don’t放在let’s之前。如:Let’s don’t tell him the truth、我们不要把实情告诉他) 4、祈使句与连用please为了使祈使句的语气变得委婉,我们可以在祈使句的句首或句末加上please若加在句首,其后不用逗号;若加在句末,则通常会在please前加一个逗号。如:Step this way, please、请这边走。Please type your letter、请把你的信打出来。Open the window, please、请把窗户打开。如果是否定祈使句,则通常将please加在don’t之前。如:Please don’t get angry、请不要生气。Please don’t telephone before8 a、 m、早8点以前请不要打电话。 5、祈使句的时间概念祈使句所表示的时间总是指将来,所以与它连用的句子原则上要用将来时态来与它呼应。如:Give me a hand, will you? 帮我一个忙,好吗?由于give me a hand表示隐含将来意义,所以句中的will you 不能改为do you。Try again and you will succeed、你再试就会成功。由于句中的 try again隐含将来意义,所以句中用了you will succeed,而

牛津深圳版七年级上下册英语 语法教案及练习:第10讲 祈使句及感叹句

牛津深圳版七年级上下册英语语法教案及练习: 专题-祈使句和感叹句 一、【导入】 1、禁止吸烟!多聪明的孩子啊! 2、禁止拍照!太棒了! 3、请起立!哇!多漂亮的花儿啊! 4、来这里。多么令人激动的消息呀! 5、不准钓鱼!好热的天啊! 二、【新课讲授】 祈使句:是用来表示命令、请求、建议或劝告对方做某事或别做某事等。谓语动词一律用原形。句子中通常不用主语,句末用惊叹号或者句号,用降调。 1.肯定的祈使句 A)句型:动词原形~.(省略主语) Stand up.起立。Be quiet,please.请安静。 B)有时,为了加强语气,可以在动词之前加do Do sit down.务必请坐。Do study hard.一定要努力学习。 ※比较:祈使句和陈述句※ 陈述句:You sit down.你坐下来。 祈使句:Sit down.坐下(省略主语you)

C)用客气的语气表示祈使句时,可在句首或句尾加上please,但如果在句尾加please,那在please之前一定要加一个逗号“,”。 Go this way,please.请这边走。 祈使句中如果有唤语,一定要用逗号“,”隔开,放在句首或句尾。 Li Ming,come here.李明,过来。= Come here,Li Ming.过来,李明。 D)句型:?Let+第一人称(me,us)~. ?Let+第三人称代词(宾格:him,her,it,them)或名词~. Let's go at once.咱们马上动身吧。Let me try again.让我再试试。 Let Tom go there himself.让汤姆自己去那儿。 注意 Let's包括对方,Let us不包括对方。反意疑问句时最明显。 Let's go,shall we?咱们去吧,怎么样? Let us go,will you?让我们去吧,行吗?(征求对方的意见) Let's say good-by here.我们在此道别吧。

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祈使句的常见用法 几种形式: 1. 肯定祈使句(谓语动词用动词原形)。 Be careful!小心! 2. 否定祈使句(在谓语动词前加Do not / Don't / Never)。 Don't open the door. 不要开门。 3. Let开头的祈使句(Let's / Let sb +动词原形)。 Let me have a try. 让我试试吧。 4. “No +名词或动名词”也可以构成祈使句。用于“指示标牌、布告”等,意为“禁止、不许”。 No spitting!不准随地吐痰! No admittance except on business! 非公莫入! 5. 无动词祈使句。有些用于口号、告示的祈使句不用动词,使语言更加简洁明了。如: After you! 您先请! Bottoms up! 干杯! 注意: 1. 祈使句一般不出现主语you。但是,为了加强语气或要特别指明向谁提出命令或要求时,需加主语you,有时还可以同时加称呼语。如:Tom, you water the flowers! 汤姆,你浇花! Come in, everybody! 大家都进来! 2. 祈使句后也可加简略问句,不表示反义,而是表示语气。如: Show me how to use this water pump, won't you? 教我怎样使用这台抽水泵,好吗?Let's make sure the lights are turned off and the door is locked, shall / shan't we? 让我们核实一下是否关灯和锁门了,好吗? Let me tidy the lab instead of you, may I? 我替你收拾实验室,好吗? 3. 祈使句也可用于表示祝愿。如: Wish you a good journey. 祝你旅途愉快。 Allow me to propose a toast to our friendship!为我们的友谊干杯!

初中英语语法知识—祈使句的专项训练及解析答案

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初中英语语法知识—祈使句的知识点复习

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