不定式用法归纳
不定式用法归纳Mar 5, 2011
主要用法：
1) 主语
2) 表语
3) 宾语
4) 宾补
5) 定语
6) 状语
7) 疑问词+ 不定式
8) 不定式复合结构
9) 不定式主动表被动
10) it指代不定式
11) 不定式时态
12) 不定式的省略
一. 做主语
To see is to believe.
It feels good to be out here for a walk.
二. 作表语
To see is to believe.
My wish is to live peacefully.
三. 做宾语
I want to make a call.
He managed to pass the driving test.
区别：
try to do / doing 努力做/ 尝试做
stop to do / doing 停下一件事去做另一件事/ 停下正在做的事
remember (forget, regret) to do / doing 没有做用to do; 做过了用doing
mean to do / doing 打算做/ 意味着
go on to do / doing 接着做另一件事/ 继续做同一件事
四. 做宾补
感官动词/ 使役动词+ 宾语+ do （这里免to 的不定式作宾补）
常用的感官动词：see, hear, feel
常用的使役动词：have, let
They knew her very well. They had seen her grow up from childhood.
As you’ve never been here before, I’ll have someone show you the way. (90上海）
The mother felt herself grow cold and her hands trembled as she read the letter from the battlefield. (2006上海)
五. 作定语
用法1：不定式和被修饰词之间有动宾关系。
I don’t have a pen to writ e with.
There is nothing to worry about.
I’ve found a house to live in.
He gave me a chair to sit on.
I lit a candle to read by.
用法2：将要发生
In the few weeks to come, we’ll have more activities like this.
In the classes to follow, he’ll teach us more grammar.
The Chinese people are proud of the Olympic Games to be held in Beijing.
用法3：介词+ which / whom + to do
The poor man has no house in which he can live.
= The poor man has no house in which to live.
I want some money with which I can buy a book.
= I want some money with which to buy a book.
用法4: 序数词后用不定式。
She is always the first to get to school.
He is always the last to leave the classroom.
[高考]
— The last one_______ pays the meal.
— Agreed!
A．arrived B．arrives C．to arrive D．arriving ( C )
六. 做状语
(一) 目的状语
To realize my dream, I must work hard.
To sleep late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm. (2001春)
区别：to, in order to, so as to
(二) 结果状语
He hurried to the station, only to find that the train had gone.
He hurried to the booking office, only to be told that the tickets had been sold out. 结论：only to do 常用于结果状语，表示不太好的结果。
such … as to / so… as to 如此…以致
He is such a foolish man as to believe his wife.
He is so foolish as to believe his wife.
(三) 原因状语
I’m too happy to meet you.
You were silly not to have locked your car. (2004湖南)
We are proud to be young people of China.
(四) 主+ be + adj. + to do
本结构常用的形容词：easy, hard, comfortable, heavy, fit, pleasant, good…
Your question is hard to answer.
My classmates are easy to get along with.
The house is comfortable to live in.
The big desk is too heavy to move.
The head teacher is pleasant to work with.
The mushroom is good to eat.
The river is dangerous to bathe in.
结论：本结构中“to do” 和主语在逻辑上有动宾关系。
七. 疑问词+ 不定式
I don’t know what to do.
I don’t know how to answer the question.
How to divide the money will be discussed at the meeting.
结论：“疑问词+ 不定式”所构成的短语做主语,宾语等。
开阔眼界：
I’ve worked with children before, so I know what to expect in my new job. (2000)
Th e mother didn’t know who to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out. (2002)
It’s said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows what to do with it. (2002)
八. 不定式复合结构
It is + adj. + for sb to do
easy, hard, difficu lt, necessary…此结构用说明事情的形容词。
It’s hard for him to fulfill the task.
It is + adj. + of sb to do
kind, silly, polite, unwise…此结构用说明人的形容词。
It’s very kind of you to have helped me.
九. 主动表被动
用主动形式表被动含义。
I’m to blame. 我该受责备。（to blame 表示被责备）
This house is to let. 此房出租。（to let指被出租）
十. 有it做形式主语或形式宾语
It’s kind of you to help us. (it 做形式主语)
It feels good to be out here for a walk. (it 做形式主语)
I find it hard to please everyone. (it 做形式宾语)
I think it my duty to do my work well. (it 做形式宾语)
I feel it impossible to be happy every day. (it 做形式宾语)
十一. 不定式时态
一) 一般式: to do ( 主动) / to be done ( 被动)
1. 表示现在
I’m glad to see you.
No one hopes to be punished.
2. 表将来
Remember to lock the door when you leave.
She was sent abroad to be educated.
(二) 完成式: to have done (主动) / to have been done (被动); 表示过去或完成。
He is said to have studied abroad, but I don’t know which country he studied in.(过去) The book is said to have been translated into English. (完成)
(三) 进行式to be doing
He pretends to be listening carefully.
He happened to be watering his garden when I got there.
十二. 不定式的省略
不定式的省略：省略to 后的内容。
---will you join me in a walk?
--- I’ll be glad to.
The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to.
常见：have to, be able to, ought to, used to
注意：
She is a famous singer, as her mother used to be.
---Are you the manager?
---No, and I don’t want to be.
---He hasn’t finished yet.
---Well, he ought to have.
结论：不定式里有be 或have done, 简答时保留be 和have.
高中英语动词不定式用法大全
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词for引导的短语，称为不定式的复合结构。例： It’s good for us to read English aloud in the morning. 对我们来说每天早晨大声读英语是很有益的。 It is important for students to use English every day. 对学生来说每天使用英语是很重要的。 二. 作表语：（在形式上，位于系动词后的就是表语。从含义上讲，表语是回答主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的语法成分。） 动词不定式（短语）作表语常用于系词be的后面。例： His work is to drive a car. 他的工作是开车。 My job is to feed animals. 我的工作是饲养动物。 Her ambition is to be a doctor. 她的理想是当医生。 三. 作宾语 动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语，能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有：begin, start, want, forget, remember, show, learn, like, hate, love, ask等。例： I want to tell you a story. 我想给你讲个故事。 They begin to work at eight every morning. 他们每天早晨8点开始工作。 Don’t forget to lock the door.别忘了锁门。 Would you like to go and have a picnic with us tomorrow?明天和我们一
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初中不定式todo的用法
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动词不定式用法归纳
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高中动词不定式用法讲解及练习电子教案
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不定式的特殊用法小结
不定时的用法 to do 的其它用法： 1. 时态和语态形式to do/to be done/to be doing/to have done/to have been done/to have been doing (1) 一般式表动作通常与谓语动词所表动作同时或在其后发生; 进行式表动作与谓语动作同 时进行；完成式表动作发生在谓语动作之前; pretend / believe /say/seem/happen/prove/plan/hope/expect/should like/would like + to have done 表未曾实现的行为; 完成进行式表动作在谓语动作之前已开始并一直进行着，到说话时为止，该动作可能停止，也可能还在继续。 People began to wonder how long the disaster would last. The children pretended to be reading aloud when the teacher came in. I didn’t expect you to be waiting for me so long. The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported to have broken. the world record in the 110- metre hurdle race. He’s said to have written a new novel. I would like to have had your help. I hoped to have seen her . He planned to have gone abroad. He was said to have been living in New York for twenty years. (1)主动式表逻辑主语为不定式动作的执行者；被动式表逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者。 I hope to finish reading the book tonight. We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday. 2.to do 的主动表被动 (1)to do 作定语与被修饰词构成动宾关系，同时又和句子主语构成主谓关系。 I have a lot of papers to deal with. (2) be + 性质adj. + to do . easy/hard/difficult/interesting/heave/pleasant/comfortable/safe/dangerous/impossible Tom is pleasant to work with. This book is difficult to understand. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good to breathe. (2)be + let /blame/ seek It seemed that water was to blame. The cause isn’t far to seek. The house is to let. (3)wh- + to do I had no idea who to turn to for help the time I lost. How to divide labor among them is still a question. (5) there be + 主语+ to do 中，当强调某人完成某事时用主动形式；当强调某事必须被完成用被动形式。 There’s many work to do. (sb. has to do the work. )/ to be done.(the work has to be done.) 3.to do 的逻辑主语是其所表动作的承受者时用被动。 It’ an honor for me to be invited to the party. The books and mag azines aren’t allowed to be taken out of the reading room. I wanted the letter to be typed at once She asked to be assigned to do a heavy job. 4.如果逻辑主语没出现，只要意义是被动的，to do仍用被动。 It’s great honor to be elected a delegate to the Party. To be attacke d by the enemy isn’t a bad thing but a good thing. 5.to do中动词的省略，只保留to . (1)to do作某些动词的宾语时：当作宾语的不定式再次出现时，为避免重复，只留to. afford/ agree/ expect/ forget/ hate/ hope/ intend/ mean/ plan/ prefer/ refuse/ try/ want/ wish/ would like/ love/ care
动词不定式用法大全
动词不定式用法大全 英语动词的非谓语形式为三种：动词不定式、动名词和分词。非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化。 动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为“to＋动词原形”，其中to 不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，称为小品词，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语，在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。 一. 作主语例如： To be a doctor is hard. 做医生很难。 To learn English well is not easy. 学好英语不容易。 To say is to believe.眼见为实。 动词不定式（短语）作主语时，为了避免句子的头重脚轻，可以用“it”作形式主语，而把真正的主语－－动词不定式（短语）放在句子的后部。例如上面的句子可以表示为： It is hard to be a doctor. It is not easy to learn English well. 再如： It’s important to plant trees in spring. 如果动词不定式的动作是谁做的，可以在动词不定式前面加一个由介词for引导的短语，称为不定式的复合结构。例： It’s good for us to read English aloud in the morning. 对我们来说每天早晨大声读英语是很有益的。 It is important for students to use English every day. 对学生来说每天使用英语是很重要的。 二. 作表语：（在形式上，位于系动词后的就是表语。从含义上讲，表语是回答主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的语法成分。） 动词不定式（短语）作表语常用于系词be的后面。例： His work is to drive a car. 他的工作是开车。 My job is to feed animals. 我的工作是饲养动物。 Her ambition is to be a doctor. 她的理想是当医生。 三. 作宾语 动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语，能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有：begin, start, want, forget, remember, show, learn, like, hate, love, ask等。例： I want to tell you a story. 我想给你讲个故事。 They begin to work at eight every morning. 他们每天早晨8点开始工作。 Don’t forget to lock the door.别忘了锁门。 Would you like to go and have a picnic with us tomorrow?明天和我们一
英语动词不定式的完成式用法小结
英语动词不定式完成式在使用语境中的学习与考查 江苏省沛县湖西中学鹿俊先221611 综观近年的英语高考试题，我们可以看到题目的设置往往强调语言知识在特定语境中的使用，把语言知识放在了语用层面上，即考察实际应用知识的能力。 英语动词不定式的完成式，即(to) have +动词的过去分词形式，是中学英语学习中的重点及难点知识之一，也是高考试题中频繁出现的形式。对于这一形式考查的题目设置通常围绕三类语境，即陈述已经发生过了的事实，推测可能已经发生过了的事实，表达与过去实际情况相反的事实。下面分别加以叙述，以便从语用角度掌握这一语言知识。 1.陈述已经发生过了的事实。 1.1.置于表示情感反应的动词、形容词、分词之后，作为引起该反应的刺激，表示情感反应之前完成的动作。例如： I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble. (=I'm sorry that I gave / have given you so much trouble.) It is good to have finished work for the day. (=I am pleased because I have finished.) She said she was sorry to have missed you. (=She said she was sorry that he had missed you.) There was a smile on the boy's face, which seemed to show that he was happy to have given his life to his country. (=…he was happy that he had given his life to his country.) 1.2.置于be said, be considered, be believed, seem, appear, happen, turn out,等之后表示这些动作之前完成的动作。例如： I don't know whether you happen to have heard, but I am going to study in the U.S.A. this September. Charles Babbage is generally considered to have invented the first computer. (=It is generally considered that Charles Babbage invented the first computer.) He is said to have studied abroad, but I don't know which country he studied in. (= It is said that he studied abroad, b ut….) I appear to have made a small mistake. (=It appears that I made / have made a small mistake.) He seems to have missed the train. (=It seems that he missed the train.) 1.3.置于should之后，表达说话人对已发生了的事实的情感的反应，如惊奇、遗憾、喜悦、不安、失望，等，should相当于汉语中的“竟然”，“居然”。例如：They were surprised (that) a child should have worked out the problem while they themselves couldn't. It is strange that she should have married such an old man. 2.推测可能已经发生过了的事实。 2.1.置于must, will, would, can't, couldn't 之后，表示很有把握的推论。例如： The city must have been prosperous, for it enjoyed a high level of civilization. An ambulance is waiting in the street. Somebody must have been hurt or killed. --I met her soon after the war.
be+不定式的用法小结
be+不定式的用法小结 be＋不定式是英语中常见的一种结构，关于它的用法现在总结如下： 一、构成系表结构： 1、表示目的，例如： The prize was to honour him for his great discoveries. 这项奖励是为了对他的重大发现而表示的敬意。 2、对主语内容进行解释说明，例如： What you should do is (to) answer my questions. 你所应该做的就是回答我的问题。 二、表示将来： 1、表示按计划安排要发生的事情，例如： The president is to visit China next year. 总统将于明年访问中国。 If we are to be there in time, we'll have to hurry up. 如果我们想及时到达那里，就必须要赶快。 注：我们可以说：It's going to rain. 但不能说：It's to rain. 2、表示无法预见的结果或注定要发生的事情，例如： Better days are soon to follow. 好日子就要到了。 三、构成虚拟语气： 1、were to do 用于虚拟条件句中，表示对将来情况的虚拟。例如：What would you do if war were to break out? 假如战争爆发你会怎么做？
2、was/were+不定式的完成式（＝should+不定式的完成式）表示过去应该发生而未发生的动作，例如：We were to have been married last year。 我们本打算去年结婚的。 四、be 后的个别动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义，例如： It's Jim who is to blame. 该怪的是吉姆。 This house is to let. 此房出租。 五、其他用法： 1、表示命令，指令。例如： You are not to bring any mobile communication means into the exam-room. 任何移动通讯工具都不得带入考场。 2、表示必须，必要。例如： This letter is to be handed to him in person. 这封信必须要面交他本人。 3、表示能够或可能发生的事情，例如： How are we to convince him? 我们怎么能够说服他呢？ 4、表示应该，例如： Such questions are to be avoided. 这样的问题应该避免。
动词不定式的基本用法
动词不定式的基本用法 一、概述 动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，它能起名词、形容词和副词的作用，在句子中作主语、宾语、定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。其形式如下：（主动形式） ◆一般式（not）to do 一般现在时表示的动词有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。 He seems to know this. 我希望再见到你。_____________________________________________________ ◆完成式（not）to have done 完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。 He seems to have caught a cold. 很抱歉给你带来这么多的麻烦。____________________________________________ ◆进行式（not）to be doing 进行时：表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。 He seems to be eating something. 他假装在学习。_______________________________________________________________ 二、动词不定式的语法功能 （一）作宾语 1) 动词+ 不定式 The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。 我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。 ____________________________________________________________________ ★常用的动词有afford, aim, appear, agree, arrange, ask, decide, bother, care, choose, come, dare, demand, desire, determine, expect, hope, fail, happen, help, learn, long（渴望）, mean, manage, offer, ought, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, tend, wish… 2）动词+疑问词+ to Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。
(完整版)省略to的动词不定式用法归纳
省略to的动词不定式用法归纳 一、使役动词与to的省略 当不定式用于let, make, have等使役动词后作宾语补足语，不定式必须省略to。如： Let me have another cup of tea.给我再来一杯茶。 She had him dig away the snow.她让他把雪挖走。 They made him tell them everything.他们强迫他把一切全告诉他们。 但是，当使役动词用于被动语态时，其后的不定式则必须要带to。如： 他被迫一天工作20小时。 误：He was made work twenty hours a day. 正：He was made to work twenty hours a day. 注意，表示使役意义的let和have很少用于被动语态。 另外注意，force, oblige等虽然也表示“使”，但它们后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须带to。如： They forced her to sign the paper.他们强迫她在文件上签字。 The law obliged parents to send their children to school.法律要求父母送子女上学。 考例： 1.The teacher forbade ________ our seats. https://www.360docs.net/doc/d411752632.html, to leave https://www.360docs.net/doc/d411752632.html, leaving C.to leave D.to leaving 2.Mary had her friend ________ the best one. A.choose B.chosen C.chose D.to choose 3.The girl was ma de _________ she didn’t love at all. A.marry a man B.to marry a man C.to marry with a man D.married with a man 二、感觉动词与to的省略 当不定式用于表示感觉的动词feel, hear, notice, observe, see, watch, look at, listen to等作宾语补足语时，不定式必须省略to。如： We all felt the house shake.我们都感觉这房子在震动。 I heard him go down the stairs.我听见他下楼了。 Did you notice her leave the house?她离开屋子你注意到了吗? I watched her get into the car.我看着她上了车。 但是，当feel后用作宾语补足语的不定式为to be时，则不能省略to。如：They all felt the plan to be unwise.他们都认为这个计划不明智。 注意，当这些动词变为被动语态时，不定式前的to不能省略。如： They were heard to break a glass in the next door.听见他们在隔壁打破了一个
小学英语不定式用法总结
不定式作主语 1)It's easy (for me) to do that.我做这事太容易了 easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better; the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough It's so nice to hear your voice. 听到你的声音真高兴。 It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it. 当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。 2) It's very kind of you to help us. 他帮助我们，他真好。 Kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考虑周到的), silly, selfish(自私的) 例句: It was silly of us to believe him. 我们真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。 It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。 注意：1) 其他系动词如，look，appear等也可用于此句型 2) 不定式作为句子成分时，动词用单数形式。 3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is… to…的句型 (对)To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。
动词不定式用法及练习题-L105
动词不定式用法小结 动词不定式用法小结 动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为“to＋动词原形”，其中to不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，称为小品词，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语，在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。 一. 作主语例如： To be a doctor is hard. 做医生很难。 To learn English well is not easy.学好英语不容易。 动词不定式（短语）作主语时，为了避免句子的头重脚轻，可以用“it”作形式主语，而把真正的主语－－动词不定式（短语）放在句子的后部。例如上面的句子可以表示为： It is hard to be a doctor. It is not easy to learn English well. 再如： It’s important to plant trees in spring. 如果动词不定式的动作是谁做的，可以在动词不定式前面加一个由介词for引导的短语，称为不定式的复合结构。例： It’s g ood for us to read English aloud in the morning. 对我们来说每天早晨大声读英语是很有益的。 It is important for students to use English every day. 对学生来说每天使用英语是很重要的。 二. 作表语： 动词不定式（短语）作表语常用于系词be的后面。例： His work is to drive a car.他的工作是开车。 My job is to feed animals.我的工作是饲养动物。 Her ambition is to be a doctor.她的理想是当医生。 三. 作宾语 动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语，能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有：begin,start,
情态动词+不定式完成式
“情态动词+不定式完成式”用法解析 【摘要】本文在分析历年高考中有关“情态动词+不定式完成式”试题的基础上，总结了“情态 动词 +不定式完成式”结构常见的几类用法，并辨析了其联系与区别。 【关键词】情态动词，不定式完成式 情态动词的“情态动词 +不定式完成式”结构是英语语法中的难点。在掌握情态动词基本用法的基础上，学习者需进一步结合各种句式与虚拟语气的用法才能更容易理解“情态动词+不定式完成式”这一结 构。 一、“情态动词+不定式完成式”结构表示对过去发生的事实的可能性的推测 当“情态动词 +不定式完成式”结构表示推测过去某动作发生的可能性时，在这些情态动词中，就表示的可能性程度而言， must最大， will ／would其次， should／ought to再次，could又次之， may更次之， might 最小（杨兆民， 1993）。 1．may／might+have+过去分词 “ may／ might+have+ 过去分词”译为“也许已经” ，表示对过去发生的动作或存在的状态的推测，其表示可能性的语气最弱；该结构的否定形式可译为“当时也许没有” 。表示可能性时一般用 might 指过去，用 may 指现在； may 有时也可用于完成式或完成进行式，指过去发生的动作或过去持续的动作。另外，“ may+have+过去分词”含有“至今可能仍存在”的意思；might 只用于间接引语中（薄冰， 1998）。例如： You may have read some account of the matter. 你也许读过关于这件事的一些报道。 He may have been waiting for us for an hour. 他也许等我们一个小时了。（指持续的动作） Whatever your parents may have told you —— there is a real Santa Claus. And I should know, because I've seen him myself! 不管你父母告诉过你什么——在我看来，圣诞老人真的存在。我当然知道，因为我曾亲眼见过。 Sorry I'm late. I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. 对不起，我迟到了。可能我当时把闹钟按了之后又睡着了。（ might have turned off 显得辩解苍白而底气不足。） They might not have gone to the movies yesterday evening. The light was still on at their home then. 昨晚他们可能没有去看电影，因为当时他们家的灯亮着。 You may have met each other before. 或许你们以前已经见过面。 He may not have achieved all his aims. But his effort is praise worthy. 他可能没有达到他的全部目标，但他的努力值得赞扬。 She may/might have gone to the hospital. 她或许到医院去了。 The children may have gone to bed. 孩子们可能已经上床睡觉了。 They might not have settled the problem. 他们可能尚未解决那个问题。 2．can／could+have+过去分词 （ 1）“can／ could+have+ 过去分词”可译为“当时可能” ，表示对过去发生的动作或存在状态的推测，其可能性要强于“ may／ might+have+ 过去分词”，可用于否定句、疑问句和感叹句中。 can 一般不用于肯定句，肯定句中多用 could ，用于疑问句时 could 的可能性比 can 弱（李丙尧， 2002）。 试比较： I didn 't see her at the meeting this morning; she can 't／ couldn 't have spoken at the meeting. 今天上午我在会议上没有见到她，她不可能在会上发言。
“情态动词+不定式的完成式”用法讲解
“情态动词+不定式的完成式”用法讲解 "情态动词+不定式的完成式"形式是近年来高考测试的重点语法项目之一,也是同学们容易出错的题。现将其常见用法归纳如下: 一、"can(could)+不定式的完成式"的疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑或不肯定。例如: He cannot have been to that town. 他根本不可能去过那座城市。 Can he have got the book? 他会有那本书吗? 二、"may(might)+不定式的完成式"表示对过去发生的行为的推测,意思是"可能已经"或"也许已经"。例如: He may not have finished the work.他可能还没有完成那项工作。 -Whatever has happened to George? -I don't know. He may have got lost. -乔治发生了什么事? -我不知道,他可能迷路了。 *might 表示的可能性比may小,语气较委婉。例如: How quickly time passed!It might have happened yesterday. 时间过得好快啊!这事好像就发生在昨天。 He might have seen the surprise in my face. 他或许已经看到了我惊异的表情。 三、"must+不定式的完成式"常用在肯定句中,表示对过去发生的行为的推测,意为"一定;想必"。例如: You must have seen the film Titanic.你一定看过电影《泰坦尼克号》。 He must have been to Beijing. 他肯定去过北京。
1动词不定式用法小结
动词不定式用法小结 动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式。其结构是“to+动词原形”，否定形式为“not+to+动词原形”。动词不定式在句中不充当谓语，不受主语的限制，但有时态和语态的变化。但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for+名词或代词宾格”构成。动词不定式是中考的必考点之一。现结合最近几年的中考真题，全面梳理动词不定式的考点. 一、动词不定式做主语 1. 动词不定式直接做主语，谓语动词用三单。如： To swim in the river is dangerous.在河里游泳是很危险的。 To ask the teacher for help is necessary.向老师寻求帮助是有必要的。 To see is to believe. 眼见为实 2.下列特殊句型中的动词不定式做真实主语。 不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用it作形式主语. ▲“It is+形容词+for sb.to do sth.”意为“做某事对某人来说是……的”。其中句中的形容词多为描述性的词语，不对人或物的品格进行评价，如difficult，easy，hard，important，dangerous，impossible等。 例1：It is important ____ us ________ English well. A. for；to learn B. of；to learn C. for；learn D. of；learn ▲“It is+形容词+of sb.to do sth.”意为“做某事对某人来说是……的”。其中句中的形容词用于描述人的性格、品质，如kind，good，nice，right，wrong，clever，careless，polite，foolish等。 例2：—Let me help you carry the box，Granny. —Thank you，Li Lei. It’s very nice________ you ____________me. A. of；to help B. for；to help C. of；helping D. for；helping 小结：It’s +clever,wise, kind, good, right, nice (of + sb.) + to do . sth.wrong, bad, cruel silly, stupid, foolish careful, careless It’s +difficult, hard, easy,+ ( for + sb. ) + to do sth. possible, impossibl ,important,` 3. “It’s a/one’s+n.（task/duty/job）...+to do sth.”意为“做某事是……的任务/职责/工作”。如： It’s my duty to save patients.治病救人是我的职责。 例3：—It’s our duty __________our city clean and beautiful. —Yes.We should do something for it. A. to keep B. keep C. keeping 4.It takes sb time to do sth . 汉译英：每天步行上学花费我十分钟。 _________________________________________________________ 二、动词不定式做表语 动词不定式做表语，一般用于be动词或seem等系表动词后面。主语通常是wish，idea，works，task，job，aim等词。如： My work is ___________ the room every day.我的工作是每天打扫房间。 He seemed ____________ nothing.他似乎什么也没有听到。 三、动词不定式做宾语 动词不定式做宾语是中考常考考点之一，具体用法分为两种情况： 1. 一些动词必须接动词不定式做宾语，这类动词有want（想要），decide（决定），ask（问、寻求），learn（学习），tell（告诉），teach（教、讲授），hope（希望），plan（计划），refuse（拒绝），expect（期待、期望），afford（负担得起），warn（警告），invite（邀请）等。 例4：They decided _____________a bridge over the river. A. build B. to build C. building 例5：— Some children can’t afford ________________ dictionaries. —Let’s donate our pocket money to them. A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. be bought 2.think，find，feel，make，believe等动词可用于“动词+it+形容词+to do sth.”结构。在此句型中，it做形式宾语，而真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。 例6：I found _________ necessary _______him.. A. that；talk B. it；to talk C. that；to talk You helped _______________________________________________________ (使我拥有幸运成为可能) (make ) 4．有些动词接动词不定式与接动名词有区别 mean to do sth 打算干某事 mean doing sth 意味着干某事 forget/remember to do sth 忘记/记得要做某事 forget/remember doing sth 忘记/记得已做过某事 stop to do sth 终止一件事，去做另一件事 stop doing sth 停止做某事 try to do sth 尽力做某事 try doing sth尝试做某事 四、动词不定式做宾语补足语 The teacher told me to clean the blackboard. I expect you to give me some help.