专八汉译英难词集锦
第一篇形形色色的人
1.一根筋儿 one track-minded
别跟他较劲了。他一根筋，你还不知道？
Stop reasoning with him. Don’t you know he is one track-minded?
2.出众的人 a lulu
要说漂亮，我们公司新来的秘书可算是个相貌出众的女孩子了。
Talking about being pretty, our company’s new secretary is indeed a lulu.
3.两面派 two-faced
我知道怎样对付两面派，而且一眼就能看出谁是一贯两面讨好的人。I know how to handle
two-faced people and can even tell at the first glance who are in the habit of running with the hare and hunting with the hounds.(注：run with the hare and hunt with the hounds 指人两面讨好，不得罪任何一方的做法。)
4．傻大个儿 a lummox
听说那个傻大个儿把他们公司的买卖搞得一团糟。
It is said that the lummox has loused up their company’s whole business.
5.收破烂儿的人 a rag man
那些收破烂儿的人走街串户，有时也能挣不少钱。
Those rag men going from door to door sometimes may also earn quite a handsome sum of money.
6.乡巴佬 a hayseed
她说她决不会嫁给一个乡巴佬，不管他多有钱。
She insisted that she would not marry herself off to a hayseed, no matter how rich he was.
7.不三不四的人riff-raffs
老张的家里总来些不三不四的人，可想而知老张不是什么好东西。
There are always riff-raffs hanging around in LaoZhang’s home, which gives you the feeling that Lao Zhang is not a good guy.
8.受气包儿 doormat
她天生就是个受气包儿，什么事都不敢说个不字
She’s born doormat ,afraid of going against anything.
9.面无表情的人 a deadpan
和那些面无表情的人在一起工作真让人憋气。
You feel choked to work with those deadpans.
10.扫帚星 a jinx
有人说那个女人是个扫帚星，谁跟她结婚谁倒霉。
She’s said to be a jinx, who would bring bad luck to whoever she marries.
第二篇能力与智慧 (上)
1. 海量 have a hollow leg
你像灌醉他？他可是海量，从来没有醉过。
Want to drink him under the table? Well…you can never do. He got a hollow leg, you know.
2. 略胜一筹 be a notch above
论油画，张先生比刘先生画得好。但是，谈到水彩画，刘先生可就比张先生略胜一筹了。
In oil painting, Mr.Zhang paints better than Mr.Li.But when it comes to water colors,Mr.Liu appears to be a notch above Mr.Zhang.
3. 有头脑 be a brain
他可是个有头脑德人，决不会相信你的那一套。
He’s a brain, who wouldn’t be fooled into beli eving your babbling.
4. 很能干 to have a lot on the ball
我知道李明很能干，但我怀疑他是否真的愿意到我们这儿来工作。
I know Li Ming has a lot on the ball. But I’m not sure if he likes to work here.
5. 有名无实 a poor apology
你刚才提到的那个作家不过是个有名无实的人。他的作品太没意思了。
The man you’ve just mentioned is but a poor apology for a writer. His writings are tedious.
6. 绞尽脑汁to rack one’s brain
他已经绞尽脑汁了，可是仍未找到问题的答案。
He had racked his brain, but hadn’t been able to work out the answer to the problem.
7. 没骨气 have no guts.
真没想到小高那么没骨气，竟然嫁给了坑害过她父亲的人。
I’m surprised to learn that XiaoGao had married the man who had once done her father in. She rally has no guts.
8. 真了不起really something
他真了不起，竟然一个人对付了那么多的对手。
He overwhelmed so many of his opponents alone. He’s really something.
9. 昙花一现 a flash in the pan
那个歌星也只是昙花一现，出了几张唱片就销声匿迹了。
That singer was only a flash in the pan. He disappeared into the air after having made one or two records.
10. 寡不敌众 be outnumbered
她很勇敢，但终因寡不敌众，被那帮人打晕过去
The girl was brave enough, but as being outnumbered, she was finally knocked into the middle of next week by the gang.
最新01-14年专八汉译英(附答案)
01到14年专八汉译英真题及答案： 2014年本题是一篇典型的文学翻译，原文选自老舍名篇《我的母亲》。老舍的作品生活气息浓郁，语言朴实直白。因此，在翻译本篇时不仅要注意忠实于文字意义，更要忠实地再现原文的语言风格，所以要避免用过于高级的词汇表达和句子结构，用平实的语句表达出原文的精神面貌。 当我在小学毕了业的时候，亲友一致的愿意我去学手艺，好帮助母亲。我晓得我应当去找饭吃，以减轻母亲的勤劳困苦。可是，我也愿意升学。我偷偷的考入了师范学校——制服，饭食，书籍，宿处，都由学校供给。只有这样，我才敢对母亲说升学的话。入学，要交十圆的保证金。这是一笔巨款！母亲作了半个月的难，把这巨款筹到，而后含泪把我送出门去。她不辞劳苦，只要儿子有出息。当我由师范毕业，而被派为小学校校长，母亲与我都一夜不曾合眼。我只说了句：“以后，您可以歇一歇了！”她的回答只有一串串的眼泪。 参考译文：After I graduated from primary school，relatives and friends all suggested that I should drop out and learn a trade to help my mother. Although I knew that I ought to seek a livelihood to relieve mother of hard work and distress，I still aspired to go on with study. So I kept learning secretly. I had no courage to tell mother about the idea until admitted to a normal school which provided free uniforms，books，room and board. To enter the school，I had to pay ten Yuan as a deposit. This was a large sum of money for my family. However，after two weeks' tough effort，mother managed to raise the money and sent me off to school in tears afterwards. She would spare no pains for her son to win a bright future. On the day when I was appointed the schoolmaster after graduation，mother and I spent a sleepless night. I said to her，"you can have a rest in the future." but she replied nothing，only with tears streaming down her face. 2013年 生活像一杯红酒，热爱生活的人会从中品出无穷的美妙。将它握在手中观察，它的暗红有血的感觉，那正是生命的痕迹。抿一口留在口中回味，它的甘甜有一丝苦涩，如人生一般复杂迷离。喝一口下肚，余香润人心肺，让人终受益。红酒越陈越美味，生活越丰富越美好。当人生走向晚年，就如一瓶待开封的好酒，其色彩是沉静的，味道中充满慷慨于智慧。 Life is like a cup of wine; people who love it discover inexhaustible wonders from it. Hold in the hand and gaze at it, the dark red color is reminiscent of the blood, which is the impress of life. Take a sip of it and appreciate the taste, the bittersweet flavor is exactly the same with life, which is complicated and blurred. Once the sip is swallowed, the lingering fragrance pleases the heart and refreshes the mind, leaving a person lifelong benefit. There was a remarkable resemblance between life and wine: the taste becomes more delicious as the wine mellows, just as life gets better as it becomes more abundant. When life comes to twilight years, it looks calm and tastes full of wisdom and generosity, just like a bottle of wine to be savored.
汉译英翻译方法
汉译英三步骤： 1.理解原文 包括原文逐字逐句的理解、对原文整体思想、观点和态度的理解，也包括对原文句子之 间和各部分之间相互关系的理解。 2.英语表达 在正确理解原文的基础上进行的，不是一对一的死译，而是在理解原文的基础上用相应 的英语结构、词汇和表达习惯准确的表达原文的意思。 3.核对检查 认真阅读自己的译文，要用挑错的眼光来检查译文是否正确表达了原文的意思，是否有 漏译、错译，译文语法如时态、语态、单复数形式和拼写上是否有错误。 汉译英翻译技巧： 1.选择恰当的英语词汇 有些英语词汇不仅有字面意思，还有内含意思。 e.g.“国家”：country, nation, state, land 分别内涵：疆土、人民、政府、感情 有些英语词汇本身含有贬义或一些委婉的意思，运用时要特别注意。 e.g.“宣传”publicize, propaganda （带贬义） 汉译英选词原则： （1）选适合上下文的词汇 e.g.“观众”：audience,viewer, spectator 分别表示：听音乐会或看戏的观众、电视观众、看体育表演的观众 “条件”不同情况下应用不同的英语词表达： 工作条件：working condition 有利的条件：favorable situation 录取条件：admission requirement 付款条件：terms of payment 词汇选择首先要忠于原文的意思。 e.g.近年来由于就业问题日益严重，有些人建议让没有工作的未婚妇女来替换那些 家务繁重的女工。 “就业问题”：employment problem, unemployment problem（找不到工作就业已 成问题，即失业问题） “没有工作的妇女”: women without jobs, women hunting for jobs（没有工作又 需要找工作的妇女，不需找工作的并不包括在内） （2）要注意词的广义、狭义、具体的意思和抽象意思的不同 e.g. ①他讲的笑话逗得我们都笑了。 ②他讲的话使我们大家都笑了。 ①His joke made us laugh. ②What he said make us laugh. We all smile at what he said. （3）选词时不要望文生义，不要死译，要考虑与汉语对应的英语词汇真正的意思。 e.g.①他们的好奇心得到了满足。
最新近十年英语专业八级考试翻译原题及参考答案-
2007年英语专业八级考试翻译原题及参考答案 C-E:暮色中，河湾里落满云霞，与天际的颜色混合一起，分不清哪是流云哪是水湾。也就在这一幅绚烂的图画旁边，在河湾之畔，一群羊正在低头觅食。它们几乎没有一个顾得上抬起头来，看一眼这美丽的黄昏。也许它们要抓紧时间，在即将回家的最后一刻再次咀嚼。这是黄河滩上的一幕。牧羊人不见了，他不知在何处歇息。只有这些美生灵自由自在地享受着这个黄昏。这儿水草肥美，让它们长得肥滚滚的，像些胖娃娃。如果走近了，会发现它们那可爱的神情，洁白的牙齿，那丰富而单纯的表情。如果稍稍长久一点端详这张张面庞，还会生出无限的怜悯。 Beside this picture with profusions of colors, a group of sheep are lowing their heads, eating by the river bank. Hardly none of them would spare some time to raise their eyes to have a glance at the beautiful dusk. They are, perhaps, taking use of every minute to enjoy their last chew before being driven home. This is a picture of the Yellow River bank, in which the shepherd disappears, and no one knows where he is resting himself. Only the sheep, however, as free creatures, are joyfully appreciating the dusk. The exuberant water plants have nutrited the sheep, making them grow as fat as balls. When approaching near, you would find their lily-white teeth and a variety of innocent facial impressions.
(完整版)专八英译汉练习答案
（一）英译汉练习 1. The winds of November were like summer breezes to him, and his face glowed with the pleasant cold. His cheeks were flushed and his eyes glistened; his vitality was intense, shining out upon others with almost a material warmth. 十一月的寒风，对他就像夏天吹拂的凉风一样。舒适的冷空气使他容光焕发，两颊通红，两眼闪光。他生气勃勃，叫别人感到是一团炙手的火。（英语material warmth 字面意思是"物质的温暖"，这里具体译作"一团炙手的火"言明意清，让人一看就懂。） 2. It was morning, and the new sun sparkled gold across the ripples of gentle sea. The sea was wonderfully calm and now it was rich with all the color of the setting sun. In the sky already a solitary star twinkled. 清晨，初升的太阳照着平静的海面，微波荡漾，闪耀着金色的光芒。（英语the ripples of the gentle sea 译成汉语时在结构上作了调整，这样译文念起来意思清楚，行文漂亮。） 3. To appease their thirst its readers drank deeper than before, until they were seized with a kind of delirium. 为了解渴，读者比以前越饮越深，直到陷入了昏迷状态。这个句子的译文死抠原文形式，死抠字典释义，翻译腔严重，让人难以明白其意思，可改译为：读者为了满足自己的渴望，越读越想读，直到进入了如痴如醉的状态。所谓过分表达，就是指译文画蛇添足，增加了原文没有的东西；而欠表达则是省略或删节原文的内容。翻译时均应避免这类错误。 4. Early Reagan was a mirror image of early Carter. 里根上台时在做法上跟执政初期的卡特毫无二致。 （a mirror image 如直译为"镜子里的形象"，就让人感到非常别扭，远不如"毫无二致"自然。） 5. Up Broadway he turned, and halted at a glittering café, where are gathered together nightly the choicest products of the grapes, the silkworm and the protoplasm. 他拐到百老汇路上，在一家灯火辉煌的饭店前停下来，那里每晚汇集上好的美酒、华丽的衣服和有地位的人物。 6. Words are not themselves a reality but only representation of it, and the King's English, like the Anglo-French of the Normans, is a class representation of reality. 单词本身并不是客观物体，只不过是代表客观体而已；像日尔曼人的盎格鲁法语一样，标准英语也是一种代表客观体的语言。 （King's English 不能直译为"国王英语"，它是指标准英语，相当于汉语中的"普通话"。） 7. At 19 he had commenced one of those careers attractive and inexplicable to ordinary mortals for whom a single bankruptcy is good as a feast. 他19 岁时就已经走上了一条在普通人看来是极富吸引力而又不可理解的道路，普通人认为，只是一次破产就叫人够呛了。 (good as a feast 如直译为"像丰盛的宴席一样好",意思正好反了.直接释明其意"叫人够呛",地道通顺.) 8. Mr. Kingsley and his Red Brick boys will have to look to their laurels. 金斯利先生和他那些二流大学的学生们必须小心翼翼地保持已经取得的荣誉。 （Red Brick 又称Red Brick Universities，指英国除牛津、剑桥大学以外的其他地方性二流大学。因其建筑主要是红砖砌成，不象牛津、剑桥的建筑均为古色古香的石块所建成，故得此名。 9. I was extremely worried about her, but this was neither the place nor the time for a lecture or an argument. 我真替他万分担忧，但此时此地既不宜教训她一番，也不宜与她争论一通。英语中没有量词，汉译时就得根据汉语的表达习惯增加合适的量词 10. An individual human existence should be like a river-small at first, narrowly contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past boulders and over waterfalls.
unit 9 汉译英中词语的省略
汉译英中词语的省略 1．重复省略 A.四字成语 汉语许多描写性文章，如旅游景观的介绍等，往往使用华丽的词藻和形容词，尤其是四字成语。这些词语或成语往往有同义反复的倾向，而无多大实际意义，大多是出于讲究声韵对仗，渲染气氛等方面考虑。如“甜言蜜语、千姿百态、深思熟虑、争先恐后”等都是同义反复。但英语的风格要求的是简洁明快。因此，在翻译中，要适当减词，不能把汉语行文中堆砌的词藻和形容词都搬到英语中。 1）不仅有历代文人墨客的题咏，而且有美味佳肴和漂亮的工艺品。 2）满树金花，芳香四溢的金桂；花如白雪，香气扑鼻的银桂；红里透黄，花味多浓的紫砂桂；花色似银，季季有花的四季桂，竞相开放，争妍媲美。进入桂林公园， 阵阵桂花香扑鼻而来。 3）因为他们很注意处理各方面的关系，所以八面玲珑，到处有缘。 4）正沿着建设有中国特色的社会主义道路，满怀信心，昂首阔步地迈向二十一世纪。 B.一般词语 不仅是四字成语，其他平行性词语，也是汉语追求韵律和工整的修辞手段，英译时要省略相同意义的词。 1）多数中国人依然关心世事，注重人情，而这些在佛教看来都是虚幻的。 2）五年来新增就业3555万人。 3) 中国饮茶的风尚，到了第七世纪的唐代，已经相当盛行了。 2．习惯省略 英语习惯简洁的表达，对上下文已清楚的信息往往予以省略。因此对汉语中重复的意思，要根据英语表达习惯，采用简化表达。 A.动词 1）他家里很穷，没有什么衣服可穿，也没有什么东西可吃。 2) 搞好社会治安，是关系到人民群众生命财产安全和改革、发展、稳定的大事。 3)……鼓励国内外投资者到中西部投资。 a. …encouraging both Chinese and overseas investors to invest in the central and western regions. b….encouraging both Chinese and overseas investments in the central and western regions. B.名词 汉语一些主谓结构翻译成英语时，谓语形容词往往含有整个主谓结构句子意思。这样这个结构中的主语名词意思就可以省略。 1)由于各种各样的原因，他们常常感到心情压抑，事业受挫。 2）自此而下，江面宽阔，水流平缓，一叶轻舟，顺流而下，沿江景色，饱览无遗。 3）建立办事高效、运转协调、行为规范的行政管理体系。 C.范畴词 英语中有些抽象名词往往已含有汉语中一些表示状态、品质的范畴概念。如“他在我不知道的情况下私自拿走了那东西”，在翻译中就无须译出“情况”:He took it away without my knowledge. 再如：unemployment=失业现象、失业问题；housing＝住房问题；emergency＝紧急状况；solution＝解决方法；complacency＝自满情绪；tension＝紧张局势；stability＝稳定局面。在汉译英时，要省译问题、状况、情绪、看法、局面、气氛、现象这些汉语的范畴词。 1）我们一定要逐步顺利解决沿海同内地贫富差距问题。 2）与此同时，各学校正采取步骤纠正教学和科研不平和的状况。
专八汉译英十篇
1暮色中，河湾里落满云霞，与天际的颜色混合一起，分不清哪是流云哪是水湾。 也就在这一幅绚烂的图画旁边，在河湾之畔，一群羊正在低头觅食。它们几乎没 有一个顾得上抬起头来，看一眼这美丽的黄昏。也许它们要抓紧时间，在即将回家的 最后一刻再次咀嚼。这是黄河滩上的一幕。牧羊人不见了，他不知在何处歇息。只有 这些美生灵自由自在地享受着这个黄昏。这儿水草肥美，让它们长得肥滚滚的。如果 走近了, 你会发现它们洁白的牙齿，以及那丰富而单纯的表情。 2都市寸土千金，地价炒得越来越高，今后将更高。拥有一个小小花园的希望， 对寻常之辈不啻是一种奢望，一种梦想。 我想，其实谁都有一个小小花园，这便是我们的内心世界。人的智力需要开发， 人的内心世界也是需要开发的。人和动物的区别，除了众所周知的诸多方面，恐怕还 在于人有内心世界。心不过是人的一个重要脏器，而内心世界是一种景观，它是由外 部世界不断地作用于内心渐渐形成的。每个人都无比关注自己及至亲至爱之人心脏的 渐损，以至于稍有微疾便惶惶不可终日。但并非每个人都关注自己及至亲至爱之人的 内心世界的阴晴。 3手机刷新了人与人的关系。会议室门口通常贴着一条通告：请与会者关闭手机。可是会议室里的手机铃声仍然响成一片。我们都是普通人，并没有多少重要的事情。 尽管如此，我们也不会轻易关掉手机。打开手机象征我们与这个世界的联系。手机反 映出我们的"社交饥渴症"。最为常见的是，一个人走着走着突然停下来，眼睛盯着手 机屏幕发短信。他不在乎停在马路中央还是厕所旁边。 4朋友关系的存续是以相互尊重为前提的，容不得半点强求、干涉和控制。朋友 之间，情趣相投、脾气对味则合、则交；反之，则离、则绝。朋友之间再熟悉、再亲密，也不能随便过头、不恭不敬。不然，默契和平衡将被打破，友好关系将不复存在。每个人都希望拥有自己的私密空间，朋友之间过于随便，就容易侵入这片禁区，从 而引起冲突，造成隔阂。待友不敬，或者只是一件小事，却可能已埋下了破坏性的 种子。维持朋友亲密关系的最好办法是往来有节，互不干涉。 5大自然对人的恩赐，无论贫富，一律平等。所以人们对于大自然，全都一致并 深深地依赖着。尤其在乡间，上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。种植庄稼和葡萄，酿酒和饮酒，喂牛和挤奶，锄草和载花；在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜，在节日到 广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌；往日的田园依旧是今日的温馨家园。这样，每个地方都有自 己的传说，风俗也就衍传了下来。 6得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道，一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一 幢小房子里，我顿觉打入冷宫，十分郁郁不得志起来。一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴，一时宾客云集，笑语四溢。我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗帘，
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十年专八翻译真题附答案
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专八历年翻译答案
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四级翻译汉译英主题词汇
汉译英主题词汇 1.中国传统文化 四大发明the Four Great Inventions 造纸术paper-making 火药gunpowder 指南针/罗盘compass 印刷术printing 孔子Confucius 孟子Mencius 思想学派school of thought 核心思想the core of ideology 代表人物representative 儒家思想Confucianism 儒家文化Confucian culture 道家Daoism 法家Legalism 和尚;僧人monk 乐器musical instrumental 琴棋书画guqin,game of go, calligraphy and painting
笛子flute 二胡erhu 古筝guzheng 鼓drum 琵琶Chinese lute 中国象棋Chinese chess 围棋Chinese Go 对弈play chess 棋子chess pieces 棋盘chessboard 中国书法Chinese calligraphy 甲骨文oracle bone script 文房四宝the four treasures of the study 毛笔brush pen 墨ink stick 砚台inkstone 纸paper 笔划stroke 四大名著the four masterpieces 汉字Chinese character 《西游记》Journey to the West; The Money King
《红楼梦》Dream of the Red Chamber; A Dream of Red Mansions 《三国演义》Romance of the Three Kingdoms <<水浒传>>Water Margin; Outlaws of the Mash 《诗经》Books of Songs 《史记》Records of the Grand Historian;Historical Records 唐诗宋词Tang and Song Poetry; Poetry of Tang and Song Danasties 元曲Yuan opera 眀小说Ming novel 普通话四声调the four tones of Mandarin Chinese 对联couplet 俗语idiom 词语phrase 国画Chinese (traditional) painting 山水画landscape painting 写意画free sketch painting
关于汉译英的译法总结
关于汉译英的译法总结 关于汉译英的译法总结英译汉与汉译英有两个重要的问题：增词/减词；词性转换。我们知道学习英语翻译首先要搞清英语与汉语的语言差异，这与中西方文化的差异有很大的关系，我们没有太多时间去完全掌握西方的文化背景，在这里总结了一下在汉译英时所 翻译出来的英语应具备的特点： 1、句式结构为：废话+主语+主要的话+废话，所以在汉译英时，当多个分句进行组合时需要找出主要矛盾，次要矛盾； 2、善用长句，不用标点。在进行汉译英是多为合译，中文短句通过一定的介词连词进行句子组合； 3、善用连词，英语为形合式语言，句与句之间善用连词连接，句子多为长句； 4、善用名词、形容词。英文属弱势语言，善用弱势动词，因此汉译英的关键点在于找出最重要的动词，将中文中的强势动词进行弱势动词的过渡，一个地道的英文句子中动词越少越好； 5、善用代词。中文中善用名词或者名词省略，而英文中多用代词指代； 6、常用标点符号：“; : -” 7、评论性语句顺序为先评论再事实； 8、语言结构为先总后分； 9、善用表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句，而中文善用宾语从句。如，我记得：the memory of….(表语从句)；what I remembered is that…(主语从句) 汉译英翻译步骤： 1、断句。中文句子较短，首先判断哪些句子应该放在一起翻译。 2、找动词（核心谓语动词）。判断句子中哪个动词重要，哪个不重要。 3、找连词（在多个分句同时存在时使用）； 4、翻译； 5、重读。 英文句式特点： 1．主谓搭配问题（平衡） 中文由于强调句子中的某个成分主语较长，谓语、宾语较短，而英文的主谓宾分配比较均匀，没有固定的强调结构。我们也称中文为“非平衡性语言”，英文为“平衡性语言”。 如，中国的海洋资源十分丰富。译为：China is rich in marine resource.而不是译为：China’s marine resource are very rich. 2．评论与事实（先评论后事实） 翻译时，英文是先评论后事实。 如，中国要在短时间内达到粮食高产国家的水平难度较大。其中难度较大是评论，前面是事实。翻译时应为：it will be difficult for China to reach the level of countries with high grain yield in the short period of time. 如何找核心谓语动词？ 谓语动词的层次性。 如，我进去看了。 1找核心谓语动词：进 2找非谓语或从句：看 3介词：去 4还有动词则不译 翻译为：I came in to have a look. 如，我只记得门警是瑞士的兵士，穿着黄色的制服。 1核心谓语动词：记得 2非谓语或从句：是 3介词：穿着 翻译为：I remembered that the guards at the gate were swiss solder in yellow unionforms. 如何判断主次？ 答：一般来说，先发生的动词更加重要，而后发生的动作不是那么重要，可以把前面的动词翻译为核心谓语，后面的翻译为非谓语动词。我们把句子中最主要的动词作为句子的“核心谓语”，其次重要的是“非谓语动词或从句”，再次重要的是“介词”，最不重要的“不翻译”。 一．连词的使用： 1、句与句没关系用and 2、句与句并列用while。 二．动词的使用原则（动词的过渡）： 中文中的强势动词在英文中常找一个弱势动词进行过渡。 如，谓语动词的过渡。 我支持你：I give you a support. 我买了一辆车：I made a purchase of a car. 如，中国政府愿借此机会介绍中国海洋事业的发展。“介绍”的直接翻译为“introduce”,而我们在翻译时，翻译为“make an introduction of”,用弱势动词“make”来过渡，把强势动词introduce变成了抽象名词。 三．代词/物主代词： 中文善用省略代词，而英文的每个名词前都需要有代词或冠词，所以汉译英时一定不要忘记名词前代词的存在。 如，出口产品可由合营企业直接或与其有关的委托机构向国外市场出售，也可通过中国的外资机构出售。译为：An equity joint venture sells its foreign products to foreign markets directly through associated agency or foreign trade agency of China. 其its不要忘记。 四．定语的处理原则：