金属材料术语

Metal Terminology (F)金属术语F

2006-6-16 11:28:00

FACE CENTERED(Concerning cubic sp ace lattices) - Having equivalent points at the corn ers of th e unit cell and at the cent ers of its six faces. A face-centered cubi c space lattice is characteristic of one o f the close-pack ed arrangements of equal hard spheres.

FATIGUEThe ph eno menon leading to fracture und er repeated or fluctuating stress. Fatigue fractu res are prog ressive b eginning a s minute crack s and grow under the action of fluctuating stress.

FERRITIC STAINLESS STEELHas a body centered cubi c (BCC) structure. Th ese alloy s are th e chro miu m stainless steels containing low carbon lev els. They are h ard enable primarily b y cold work ing, although some will hard en slightly b y heat treating. Ferritic stainless steels work harden much slower than austentitic stainless steels. FERROALLOYAn alloy o f iron with a sufficient amount of so me element or elements such as manganes e, ch romiu m or v anadiu m for us e as a means in adding thes e elements into molten steel.

FERRO-MANGANESEAn allo y of iron and manganes e (80% mangan ese) us ed in mak ing additions of manganes e to steel or cast-iron.

FERROUSRelated to iron (derived fro m the Latin ferru m.) Ferrous allo y s are, therefore, iron bas e allo y s.

FIBER OR FIBREDirection in which metals have b een caus ed to flow, as b y rolling, with microscopic evidence in the fo rm o f fibrous app earan ce in the direction of flow. FIBER STRE SSUnit stress which exists at an y given point in a structural element sub jected to load; given as load p er unit area.

FILED EDGES Finished edges, the fin al contours of which are produced b y drawing the strip over a series of s mall steel files. This is the usual and accepted method of dressing the edges of annealed spring steel strip after slitting in cases wh ere edgewise slitting crack s are ob jectionable or slitting burr is to be remov ed.

FINISHED STEEL Steel that is read y for the mark et without further work or treatment. Blooms, billets, slabs, sheet bars and w ire rods are termed “semi-finished”.

FINISHES The surface appearan ce o f the various metals after final treat ment such as rolling, etc. Ov er the years the following finishes have b eco me recognized as standard in their respective fields.

ALUMINUM SHEET(A) Co mmercially Bright.

(B) Bright one side.

(A) Bright both sides

(D) Embossed Sheets (Produ ced b y using embossed rolls.)

BLACK PLATE(A) Dull finish without luster produced b y us e of rough ened rolls.

(B) Bright finish - a luster finish produced b y use of rolls having a mod eratel y smooth surface.

COLD ROLLED STEEL SHEETS(A) Co mmercial Finish. A dull satin surface texture produ ced b y rough ened rolls.

(B) Commercial Bright Finish. Bright in appearance with a texture between luster and a very fine matte finish.

(C) Luster Finish. Produced b y use of g round and polished rolls. (Note: This is not a nu mber 3 finish.)

COLD ROLLED STRIP STEELSNo. 1 Finish - A dull finish produced without luster by rolling on roughened rolls.

No. 2 Finish - A regular bright finish produ ced b y rolling on mod eratel y bright rolls.

No. 3 Finish - Best Bright Finish. A lustrous or high gloss finish produced by rolling on highly polished rolls. Also referred to as “Mirror Finish”.

COPPER BASE ALLOYSAcid Dipp ed - Dry rolled finished. Produced b y dry cold rolling bi-chro mate dipp ed allo y with polished rolls, resulting in a burnished appearance and retaining the color obt ained b y dipping (Tru e Metal Color).

Bright Dipped Finish - Fin ish resulting from an acid dip.

Buffed or Polished Surface - A finish obtained b y buffing, resulting in a high gloss or polished finish.

Cold Rolled Finish - A relatively s mooth finish obtained b y cold rolling plain pick led strip with a lubricant.

Dry Rolled Finish - A burnished finish resulting from d ry cold rolling b y use of polished rolls without an y metal lubricant.

Hot Rolled Finish - A dark relatively rough oxidized finish resulting fro m rolling the metal while hot. May subsequ ently b e pick led or bright dipped but the rough surface remains.

Stretched Brushed Finish (Satin Finish) Obtained by mechanically b rushing with wire brushes o r b y buffing.

FLAT WIRENo. 2 Finish - A regular bright finish.

No. 3 Finish - Best Bright High Gloss fin ish produced b y use of polished rolls. Or b y sp ecial bu ffing - this is a negotiated finish.

STAINLESS COLD ROLLED SHEET and STRIP Nos. 1, 2B & 2D. No. 1 Finish - C. R. Annealed and pick led appearan ce varies from dull gray matte finish to a fairly reflective surface.

No. 2B Finish - Same as No.1 Finish followed by a final light cold rolled p ass generall y on highly polished rolls.

No. 2D Finish - A dull cold rolled finish produced b y cold rolling on dull rolls.

STAINLESS C.R. SHEET - Polished FinishesNo. 3 Finish - This is an intermediat e polished finish.

No. 4 Finish - Ground and Polished finish.

No. 6 Finish - Ground, Polished and Tampico Brush ed.

No. 7 Finish - Ground and High Luster Polished.

No. 8 Finish - Ground and Polished to Mirror Finish.

TEMPERED and UNTEMPERED COLD ROLLED CARBON SPRINGSTEEL STRIPClassified b y d escription as follows:

(A) Black Oil Temp ered.

(B) Scaleless Temp ered.

(A) Bright Tempered.

(D) Temp ered and Polished.

(E) Temp ered, Polished and Colored (Blue or Straw).

TIN PLATE(A) Bright Hot Dipped Finish.

(B) Electro M atte Dull Finish.

(C) Electro Bright Reflow Finish - produced b y the in-the-line thermal treat ment following electrodeposition.

FINISHING TEM PERATURE Temp erature of final hot-work ing of a metal.

FLAME ANNEALING A pro cess of so ftening a metal b y the application of h eat fro m a high temp erature flame.

FLAME HARDENING A process of hardening a ferrous allo y b y heating it above th e transfo rmation rang e b y means o f a high-temp eratu re fl ame, and then cooling as required. FLAPPER VALVE STEEL An extremel y flat, v ery s mooth, very accu rate to g age, polished, harden ed and temp ered sp ring steel produced from approxi matel y 1.15% carbon. The name is derived from its co mmon and p rinciple usag e.

FLATTENING(See Roller and Stretcher Lev eling)

FLAT LATCH NEEDLE STEEL Supplied cold rolled and ann ealed. Carbon content .85. Supplied both in coil and flat length. Us ed to mak e flat latch needles which are us ed in the manu facture o f k nitted goods.

FLAT WIRE A flat Cold Rolled, prepared edge section up to ?#148; wide, rectangular in shape. Generall y produ ced from hot rolled rods or speciall y prep ared round wire b y one or more cold rolling operations, primaril y for th e purpose o f obtaining the size and section desired. May also b e produced b y slitting cold rolled flat metal to desired width followed b y edge d ressing.

FLOWLINESAlway s visible to a great er or less d egree wh en a longitudinal section has been subject ed to Macro etching, indicating the direction of wo rk or rolling.

FLOW STRESSThe shear stress required to cause plastic d eformation of solid metals.

FLUTINGKink ing or break age due to curving of met al strip on a radius so small, with relation to thick ness, as to stretch the outer su rface above its elastic limit. Not to be confused with the specific p roduct, Fluted Tubes.

FOILMetal in an y width but no more than about 0.005” thick.

FOLDSDefects caused in met al by continued fabrication of overl apping surfaces.

FRACTURESurface app earance of met als when brok en.

FRACTURE TESTNicking and break ing a bar b y means of sudden i mpact, to enable macros copic study o f the fracture.

FRICTION GOUGES OR SCRATCHESA series of rel atively sho rt surface s crat ches variable in fo rm and sev erity. (See Galling)

FULL ANNEALINGUsed p rincipall y on iron and steel, means h eating the metal to about 100癋. above th e critical temp erature range, followed b y “so ak ing” at this point and slow cooling below the critical temp erature.

FULL FINISH PLATESteel sheet or strip reduced either hot or cold, cleaned, annealed, and then cold-rolled to a bright finish.

FULL HARD TEMPER(A) No. 1 Temp er. In low carbon sheet or strip steel, stiff and spring y, not suitable fo r bending in an y dire ction. It is the hard est temp er obtain able b y hard cold rolling. (B) In Stainless Steel Strip, temp ers are b ased on minimu m tensile or y ield strength. For Chromiu m-Nick el grad es Full Hard temper is 185,000 TS, 140,000 YS Min. Term also used in connection with copper b ase alloy s and considered s y non y mous with Hard Temp er.