初中语法主谓一致讲解

“主谓一致”专项语法内容归纳如下：

l、表示时间、距离、重量、长度、价值等的复数名词作主语表示整体概念时,其谓语动词

常用单数形式;如：Two months is quite a long time. 两个月是相当长的一段时间;

2、以-s结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义时,谓语动词通常用单数形式;如

news,maths,physics, works 工厂等;Maths is very popular in our class. 在我们班数

学很受欢迎;

主语是以-ics 结尾的学科名词以及等都属形式复数,而意义单数的名词,其谓语用单数形

式;另外means一词单复数同形应视具体情况而定;

M a t h e m a t i c s s e e m s t o b e d i f f i c u l t t o l e a r n.

A n e w m e a n s o f t e a c h i n g i s b e i n g u s e d i n t h a t s c h o o l.

注：学科名词前如有物主代词修饰时,谓语常用复数;

M y m a t h e m a t i c s a r e w e a k.

3、family,class,team,group,crowd, committee等集体名词作主语,若指一个整体时,谓

语动词用单数形式；若指具体成员时,谓语动词用复数形式;试比较：My family is a very

big one,with ten people in it. 我家是一个大家庭,有十口人 My family all like

watching TV．我们全家人都喜欢看电视;

H i s f a m i l y a r e a l l m u s i c l o v e r s.

4、people, police等集体名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;如：People here are very

friendly. 这儿的人们很友好;The police are having a meeting．警察们正在开会; youth

作“青年们”解作主语时,谓语用复数;

T h e y o u t h o f C h i n a t o d a y a r e d o i n g t h e i r b e s t t o s t u d y m o d e r n s c i e n c e a n d

t e c h n o l o g y. 5、单数名词后跟with, along with与……一道, together with, as well

as和；也, rather than而不, but, except,not, like, besides, including 等引起的

短语时,谓语动词用单数形式;如：My father together with his friends is going to

visit the Great Wall．我父亲将和他的朋友们一起去参观长城; H e a s w e l l a s h i s

s i s t e r i s a L e a g u e m e m b e r.

6、由either,either．．．or．．．,neither．．．nor．．．,not only．．．but also．．．等词连

接并列主语时,谓语动词常和最接近的主语一致;如：Neither you nor Li Hua has been to

Shanghai before. 你和李华以前都没去过上海;Is he or you wrong 他错了还是你错了

Either you or he has to go there with me.

7、非谓语动词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式;如：Is watching too much TV

good or bad for your health 看太多的电视对你的身体有益还是有害

What you said is wrong. 你所说的是错的;

8、以there,here, where开头的句子,若主语不只一个,其谓语动词通常和邻近的那个主语

一致;如：There is a pen and some books on the desk. 课桌上有一枝钢笔和一些书; Here are some books and paper for you. 这是给你的书和纸;

Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you.9、当kind of, pair of, glass

of等表示确定数量的名词短语修饰主语时,谓语动词应与kind,pair,glass等形式一致;如

This pair of shoes is dirty．这双鞋脏了;

There are two glasses of water on the table. 桌子上有两杯水;

10、由“a lot of lots of ／ plenty of ／ a number of +名词”或“分数+名词”作

主语时,谓语动词的形式根据名词的单复数而定;如：A lot of people have been to London.

许多人去过伦敦;Three-fifths of the water is dirty. 五分之三的水是脏的; 注：

“the number of十复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;如：The number of the

students in our school is over two thousand. 我们学校的学生数超过两千

11、代词something,anything,nothing,everyone,anybody,nobody,each,neither,either,little,

much,one等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;如：Neither of us is a boy．我们俩都不是

男孩; Each of them has an English dictionary. 他们当中每人都有一本词典; One of

the students was late for school.

12、all,some,none,most,any等代词作主语时,若指复数概念,谓语动词用复数形式；若指单数概念,则谓语动词用单数形式;如：Not all work is difficult. 不是所有的工作都难;Not all the students are here. 不是所有的学生都在这儿;

13、当and连接的两个主语被each,every或no修饰时,谓语动词通常用单数形式;如：Every teacher and every student needs dictionaries. 每个老师和每个学生都需要词典;

14、当主语是同位语时,谓语动词要根据同位语的单复数来确定,区分主语和同位语的方法是,用逗号连接的就是同位语,用连词and连接的就是主语;如：Susan, Mr Mott’s wife, is a scientist. 苏姗,也就是默特先生的妻子是一位科学家;

15、有些形容词前面加上定冠词the, 如the poor, the old, the young, the rich, the dying等用来表示一类人时,主语用复数,谓语动词也用复数;如：The poor are very happy, but the rich are sad.穷人过得很快乐,有钱人却过得不快乐;

16．由 many a 或 more than + 单数名词作主语时,其谓语用单数形式; M a n y a f o r e i g n e r h a s b e e n t o t h e G r e a t W a l l.M o r e t h a n o n e s t u d e n t h a s v i s i t e d t h e

e x h i b i t i o n. 17．“……的几分之几”和“……的百分之几” 作主语时,其谓语用单数或复数取决于 o

f 后的名词;T h r e e-f o u r t h s o f t h e s u r f a c e o f t h e e a r t h i s s e a.40

p e r c e n t o f t h e s t u d e n t s i n o u r c l a s s a r e g i r l s.

19．并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数,这时 and 后面的名词前没有冠词;

T h e s e c r e t a r y o f t h e P a r t y b r a n c h a n d d i r e c t o r o f t h a t f a c t o r y o f t e n w o r k s w i t h t h e w o r k e r s.

20．成对的名词,如bread and butter涂黄油的面包,soda and water汽水,coffee and milk 加牛奶的咖啡,aim and end目的,salt and water盐开水等,虽然有and连接,但仍表单一概念,作主语时,谓语用单数; A k n i f e a n d f o r k i s o n t h e t a b l e.

21．由 and 连接的并列单数主语的前面分别有each, every或no修饰时,其谓语用单数形

式;

N o s t u d e n t a n d n o t e a c h e r i s i n v i t e d t o t h e p a r t y.

I n o u r c o u n t r y e v e r y b o y a n d e v e r y g i r l h a s r i g h t t o r e c e i v e e d u c a t i o n.

22．在定语从句中主语是关系代词who, that, which,谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致;

I,w h o a m y o u r t e a c h e r,w i l l t e a c h y o u e v e r y t h i n g I k n o w.

23．主语是用作书名、剧名、报纸名、国名等的复数名词,谓语一般用单数形式; T h e U n i t e d

S t a t e s i s a d e v e l o p e d c o u n t r y.

24．“one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句”之前有the only, the very, the等限定词和修饰语时,定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式;

S h e i s t h e o n l y o n e o f t h e s e w o m e n w h o p l a y s t h e v i o l i n.

25．主语是疑问代词who, what, which,不定代词all, more, most, any, none等以及名词half, part, the rest等既可表示复数意义又可表示单数意义,其谓语视情况而定;H a l f o f t h e f r u i t i s b a d.

H a l f o f t h e v i s i t o r s a r e f r o m E u r o p e.

26．主语是表示数量的“one and a half +复数名词”,其谓语用单数形式;主语是“one or two + 复数名词”,其谓语用复数形式;

O n e a n d a h a l f b a n a n a s i s l e f t o n t h e t a b l e.

T h e r e a r e o n e o r t w o t h i n g s I‘d l i k e t o k n o w a b o u t.

27．主语 people 作“人们,人民”解时,谓语动词用复数,作“民族”解时,有单复数之分; O u r p e o p l e i s a g r e a t o n e.

T h e r e a r e56p e o p l e s i n C h i n a.

28．主语是 a / this / that kind of +名词,谓语用单数形式,主语指的不是一种而是多

种,谓语动词用复数;T h i s k i n d o f c l o t h f e e l s s o f t.T h e r e a r e d i f f e r e n t k i n d s o f a n i m a l s.

39．主语是“each of …”,“neither of …”,“either of …”,“one of…

”等时,其谓语用单数;

E a c h o f t h e m h a s h i s o w n d u t y.

30．陈述部分用everybody, everyone, somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nobody, no one或 no +复数名词等作主语时,反意部分用they;而陈述部分用everything, something, nothing, anything时,反意部分代词则采用单数,用it;

S o m e b o d y i s w a i t i n g f o r y o u,a r e n’t h e y

E v e r y t h i n g i s a l l r i g h t,i s n’t i t

31．用引号的词语作主语时,谓语用单数第三人称;

“I”i s t h e n i n t h l e t t e r o f t h e E n g l i s h A l p h a b e t.

32．在强调结构中如被强调的是句子的主语,则who或that 后面的谓语动词的人称和数应和主语一致;

I t i s M i k e w h o a l w a y s h e l p s m e s t u d y m a t h s a f t e r c l a s s.

33．wish后接宾语从句用虚拟语气,如表示与现在事实相反,无论主语是单数还是复数,be 动词用were;

I w i s h I w e r e t e n y e a r s y o u n g e r.

34．police, cattle等集合名词作主语时,谓语用复数;

T h e m u r d e r e r h a s r u n a w a y.T h e p o l i c e a r e s e a r c h i n g f o r h i m.

35．算式中表示数目的主语通常看作单数,其谓语常用单数形式,也可用复数;F i v e t i m e s f o u r i s t w e n t y.